WO2009131072A1 - 熱交換器、及びこの熱交換器を用いた空気調和機 - Google Patents
熱交換器、及びこの熱交換器を用いた空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009131072A1 WO2009131072A1 PCT/JP2009/057782 JP2009057782W WO2009131072A1 WO 2009131072 A1 WO2009131072 A1 WO 2009131072A1 JP 2009057782 W JP2009057782 W JP 2009057782W WO 2009131072 A1 WO2009131072 A1 WO 2009131072A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- heat exchanger
- transfer tube
- tube
- heat
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
- F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
- F28F1/422—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element with outside means integral with the tubular element and inside means integral with the tubular element
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
- F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
- F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger incorporating a heat transfer tube with an inner groove, and an air conditioner using the heat exchanger.
- heat exchangers such as air conditioners are generally provided with heat transfer tubes with inner grooves at regular intervals, and refrigerant flows through the heat transfer tubes.
- the tube axis direction on the inner surface of the tube and the direction in which the groove extends form a certain angle (7 ° to 30 °), and a number of grooves are processed to form peaks, and the fluid flowing in the tube undergoes a phase change. (Condensation / evaporation).
- the heat transfer tube is improved in performance due to an increase in surface area in the tube, a fluid stirring effect due to the inner groove, a liquid film retention effect between the grooves due to the capillary action of the groove (for example, patents) Reference 1).
- Conventional heat transfer tubes including the heat transfer tube of Patent Document 1 are generally made of copper or a copper alloy metal material.
- copper is used. Compared to deformation resistance, deformation is easy.
- the pipe is expanded to fix the heat transfer tube to the fin, the shape of the ridges on the inner surface collapses, making it impossible to obtain heat transfer performance equal to or higher than that of the copper pipe.
- the strength of the aluminum material is lower than that of the copper material, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the groove bottom of the heat transfer tube, which increases the pressure loss in the tube of the heat transfer tube. .
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems. Even if the fins and heat transfer tubes are made of an aluminum-based material, the pressure loss in the heat transfer tubes does not increase, and the heat transfer is equal to or higher than that of the copper tubes. It aims at providing the heat exchanger which can obtain thermal performance, and the air conditioner using this heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger according to the present invention includes a fin made of an aluminum-based material having a low deformation resistance, and an aluminum-based material having a deformation resistance higher than that of the aluminum-based material forming the fin and provided with a groove on the inner surface and fixed through the fin. And the direction of the tube axis on the inner surface of the heat transfer tube and the direction of the groove provided on the inner surface of the heat transfer tube are substantially parallel to each other.
- the tube axis direction and the groove direction of the inner surface of the heat transfer tube are substantially parallel, compared with a copper heat transfer tube conventionally used, without increasing the pressure loss,
- the heat transfer performance in the tube can be equal to or higher than that of the copper tube.
- the shape of the ridges on the inner surface does not fall down, and the adhesion between the heat transfer tube and the fin is improved to be equal to or higher than that of the copper tube, which is highly efficient.
- it can be easily manufactured and easily decomposed, and the recyclability can be improved.
- FIG. FIG. 1 is a front sectional view of a heat exchanger according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention cut in the vertical direction
- FIG. 2 shows the relationship between strain and stress of an aluminum pipe having a high deformation resistance and an aluminum fin having a low deformation resistance
- Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between strain and stress of an aluminum pipe with low deformation resistance and an aluminum fin with low deformation resistance
- Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the lead angle and the rate of increase in evaporation pressure loss. is there.
- the heat exchanger 1 includes fins 10 and heat transfer tubes 20 penetrating the fins 10.
- the fin 10 is made of an aluminum-based material having a low deformation resistance (soft).
- the heat transfer tube 20 is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy (hereinafter referred to as an aluminum alloy) having a higher deformation resistance than the fin 10, and in the case of an aluminum alloy, for example, 0.2% to 1.8% of pure aluminum. It is a 3000 series aluminum alloy to which% manganese (Mn) is added.
- the high-efficiency heat exchanger 1 is obtained by securing the adhesion between the heat transfer tubes 20 and the fins 10 using the strain difference between the two.
- the heat transfer tube 20 and the fin 10 are the same rigid aluminum material, since there is no distortion difference as shown in FIG. 3, the adhesion between the heat transfer tube 20 and the fin 10 of the heat exchanger 1 is poor, and high heat exchange is performed. The rate is not obtained.
- a groove 21 is formed on the inner surface of the heat transfer tube 20, and the tube axis direction A on the inner surface of the heat transfer tube 20 and the direction B in which the groove 21 extends are substantially parallel. 0 degrees to 2 degrees.
- the lead angle R of the groove 21 of the heat transfer tube 20 is set in the range of 0 degree to 2 degrees because the strength of aluminum is lower than that of the copper material, and the heat transfer tube This is because if the lead angle R of the groove 21 of the heat transfer tube 20 is set to 2 degrees or more, the crest portion collapses and the pressure loss in the tube increases. In this way, a flow that flows over the groove 21 does not occur, and the heat exchange rate can be improved without increasing the pressure loss in the pipe.
- the above heat exchanger is used as an evaporator or a condenser in a refrigeration cycle in which a compressor, a condenser, a throttling device, and an evaporator are sequentially connected by piping, and a refrigerant is used as a working fluid. Contributes to improvement. Further, as the refrigerant, any one of HC single refrigerant, a mixed refrigerant containing HC, R32, R410A, R407C, and carbon dioxide is used, and the heat exchange efficiency between these refrigerants and air is improved.
- FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of the heat exchanger 1 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention cut in the vertical direction
- FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of part A in FIG. 5, and FIG. It is a diagram which shows the relationship with a heat exchange rate.
- symbol is attached
- the heat transfer tube 20 with inner groove has a higher heat transfer coefficient as the depth H of the groove 21 after tube expansion is deeper.
- the depth H of the groove 21 after the pipe expansion is set to 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.
- FIG. FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of the heat exchanger according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention cut in the vertical direction
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of grooves and the heat exchange rate.
- the heat transfer tube 20 with groove on the inner surface increases in heat transfer area as the number of grooves 21 increases, so that the heat transfer rate increases.
- the number of grooves 21 exceeds 60
- the groove cross-sectional area decreases, and the refrigerant liquid film overflows from the grooves 21 and is covered with the refrigerant liquid film up to the summit, so that the heat transfer coefficient decreases.
- the number of grooves 21 is less than 40, the heat transfer area decreases and the heat transfer rate decreases. Therefore, in the heat transfer tube 20 with the inner surface groove of the third embodiment, the number of grooves 21 is 40-60.
- FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of a heat exchanger according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention cut in the vertical direction
- FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of part A in FIG. 10
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the apex angle and the heat exchange rate. It is a diagram which shows a relationship.
- the heat transfer tube 20 with groove on the inner surface has a heat transfer area that increases as the apex angle ⁇ of the groove 21 decreases, so that the heat transfer coefficient increases.
- the apex angle ⁇ is smaller than 5 degrees, the workability during the manufacture of the heat exchanger is remarkably lowered, and the heat exchange rate is lowered.
- the apex angle ⁇ exceeds 20 degrees, the groove cross-sectional area becomes small, and the coolant liquid film overflows from the groove 21 and is covered by the coolant liquid film up to the summit, so that the heat transfer coefficient decreases. Therefore, in the heat transfer tube 20 with the inner surface groove of the fourth embodiment, the apex angle ⁇ is set to 5 degrees to 20 degrees.
- FIG. 13 (a) and 13 (b) are front cross-sectional views cut in the vertical direction showing a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger for an air conditioner according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the indoor unit-side heat exchanger and the outdoor unit-side heat exchanger are both manufactured by the same procedure.
- each heat transfer tube 20 is bent into a hairpin shape at a predetermined bending pitch at the center in the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of hairpin tubes are manufactured.
- these hairpin tubes are inserted into a plurality of fins 10 arranged in parallel with each other at a predetermined interval, and thereafter, the tube expansion ball 30 is pushed into the hairpin tube by the rod 31 (FIG.
- heat exchanger 10 of Embodiment 5 a large number of fins 10 and hairpin tubes (heat transfer tubes 20) are joined by simply expanding the hairpin tube, which is a constituent member, by a mechanical tube expansion method or a hydraulic tube expansion method. Therefore, manufacture of the heat exchanger 10 becomes easy.
- Embodiment 6 FIG.
- the expansion rate of the heat transfer tube 20 of the heat exchanger 10 is further increased in the present Embodiment 6. It is specified.
- the expansion rate when the hairpin tube is expanded by the mechanical expansion method or the hydraulic expansion method is set to 105.5% to 107.5% in the heat transfer tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1. Thereby, the adhesiveness of the heat exchanger tube 20 and the fin 10 of the heat exchanger 1 is improved, and the highly efficient heat exchanger 1 is obtained.
- the expansion ratio of the heat transfer tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1 is 107.5% or more, crushing at the summit and fin color cracks occur, and the adhesion between the heat transfer tube 20 and the fin 10 deteriorates.
- the tube expansion rate of the heat transfer tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1 is less than 105.5%, the adhesion between the heat transfer tube 20 and the fin 10 is poor, and a high heat exchange rate cannot be obtained. Therefore, the expansion rate when expanding the hairpin tube of the sixth embodiment is 105.5% to 107.5% in the heat transfer tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1. If the expansion ratio is defined in this way, there will be no variation in the product.
- the fin 10 and the hairpin tube are joined only by expanding the heat transfer tube 20.
- the fin 10 and the hairpin tube are further bonded by brazing. As a result, the reliability can be further improved.
- FIG. FIG. 14 is a side sectional view of the heat exchanger according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention cut in the vertical direction
- FIG. 15 is an enlarged sectional view of part C of FIG.
- the tip width W of the peak portion 22 (see FIGS. 14 and 15) after the expansion of the heat transfer tube 20 is set in the range of 0.08 to 0.18 mm. is there. This is because aluminum has a lower deformation resistance than copper and easily deforms, and the crest and collapse of the crest portion 22 increase, so that the tip width W of the crest portion 22 after expansion of the heat transfer tube 20 is 0.08 mm or more.
- the crushing amount of the crests of the groove 21 and the collapse of the crests of the groove 21 can be reduced.
- the tip width W exceeds 0.18 mm
- the groove cross-sectional area becomes small, and the refrigerant liquid film overflows from the groove 21 and is covered with the refrigerant liquid film up to the peak portion 22, so that the heat transfer rate is reduced.
- the adhesiveness of the heat exchanger tube 21 of the heat exchanger 1 and the fin 10 is improved, and the highly efficient heat exchanger 1 can be obtained.
- FIG. FIG. 16 is a front sectional view of a heat exchanger according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention cut in the vertical direction.
- the outer surface of the heat transfer tube 20 of the heat exchanger 1 is subjected to zinc spraying / diffusion treatment, so that the anticorrosion effect of the heat transfer tube 20 can be expected and the reliability of the refrigeration system is improved.
- Embodiment 9 FIG.
- the heat exchanger according to any one of the first to eighth embodiments of the present invention is used for an air conditioner.
- tube does not increase and the highly efficient air conditioner using the heat exchanger excellent in heat transfer performance can be obtained.
- Example 1 an aluminum alloy heat exchanger 20 having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a groove 21 having a bottom wall thickness of 0.5 mm, and lead angles of 0 degrees and 2 degrees was manufactured (Example 1). And Example 2).
- Example 1 an aluminum alloy heat exchanger (Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2) having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of the groove 21 of 0.5 mm, and a lead angle R of 10 degrees and 30 degrees. )
- a copper heat exchanger and vessel having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of 0.25 mm, and a lead angle R of 30 degrees (Comparative Example 3).
- Example 1 the heat exchangers 1 of Example 1 and Example 2 both have lower evaporation pressure loss and improved heat transfer performance in the tube than the heat exchangers of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Was.
- the outer diameter is 7 mm
- the bottom thickness of the groove 21 is 0.5 mm
- the lead angle is 0 degree
- the groove depth after tube expansion is 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm.
- An aluminum heat exchanger 1 was produced (Example 3 and Example 4). Further, as a comparative example, the outer diameter is 7 mm, the bottom thickness of the groove 21 is 0.5 mm, the lead angle is 0 degree, the groove depth after tube expansion is 0.1 mm, and the groove depth after tube expansion is 0.
- Example 3 the heat exchangers 1 of Example 3 and Example 4 both have a higher heat exchange rate and improved heat transfer performance in the tube than the heat exchangers of Comparative Examples 4 to 6. Was.
- the heat exchanger 1 made of aluminum having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom thickness of the groove 21 of 0.5 mm, a lead angle of 0 degrees, and the number of grooves of 40 and 60 is obtained. It produced (Example 5 and Example 6).
- an aluminum heat exchanger having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of 0.5 mm, a lead angle of 0 degree, and the number of grooves of 30 and 70 was manufactured (Comparative Example 7 and Comparative Example 7).
- Example 8 A copper heat exchanger having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of 0.25 mm, a lead angle of 30 degrees, and a groove number of 50 was produced (Comparative Example 9).
- an aluminum heat exchanger having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of the groove 21 of 0.5 mm, a lead angle of 0 degrees, and apex angles of 5 degrees and 20 degrees. 1 was produced (Examples 7 and 8).
- an aluminum heat exchanger having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of 0.5 mm, a lead angle of 0 degrees, and apex angles of 0 degrees and 40 degrees was manufactured (Comparative Example 10).
- Comparative Example 11) and a copper heat exchanger having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom wall thickness of the groove 21 of 0.25 mm, a lead angle of 30 degrees, and a vertex angle of 15 degrees (Comparative Example 12). ).
- Example 7 and Example 8 both have a higher heat exchange rate than the heat exchangers of Comparative Examples 10 to 12, and the heat transfer performance in the pipe is improved.
- Example 9 the outer diameter is 7 mm
- the bottom thickness of the groove 21 is 0.5 mm
- the lead angle is 0 degree
- the crest tip width is 0.08 mm, 0.15 mm, and 0.18 mm.
- Example 9 Example 10 and Example 11
- Comparative Example 13 An aluminum heat exchanger having an outer diameter of 7 mm, a bottom thickness of the groove 21 of 0.5 mm, a lead angle of 0 degree, and a crest tip width of 0.07 mm was produced ( Comparative Example 13). Tube expansion tests using the heat exchangers of Examples 9 to 11 and Comparative Example 13 were performed. In the tube expansion test, the expanded ball 30 was inserted into the grooved tube and expanded at a tube expansion rate of 106%.
- the tube axis orthogonal cross section of the internally grooved tube after expansion was observed with an optical microscope, and the amount of inner surface crushing was investigated. And the thing of the amount of reduction of the peak part 22 being 0.04 mm or less was made into (circle), and the thing exceeding 0.04 mm or more was made into x.
- the heat exchangers 1 of Examples 9 to 11 all have less crushing amount and collapse of the crest of the groove than the heat exchanger of Comparative Example 13, and the heat exchanger The adhesion between the heat transfer tube 20 of 1 and the fin 10 was improved.
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Abstract
Description
また、銅材に比べてアルミニウム材の強度が低いため、伝熱管の溝底の板厚を厚くしなければならず、このため、伝熱管の管内圧力損失が増加してしまうという問題があった。
図1は本発明の実施の形態1に係る熱交換器を鉛直方向に切断した正面断面図、図2は変形抵抗の高いアルミ管と変形抵抗が低いアルミフィンのひずみと応力との関係を示す線図、図3は変形抵抗が低いアルミ管と変形抵抗が低いアルミフィンのひずみと応力との関係を示す線図、図4はリード角と蒸発圧力損失増加率との関係を示す線図である。
図1において、熱交換器1は、フィン10と、フィン10を貫通する伝熱管20とを備えている。フィン10は変形抵抗が低い(柔らかい)アルミニウム系の材料からなっている。一方、伝熱管20はフィン10より変形抵抗の高い(硬い)アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金(以下、アルミニウム系という)の材料からなり、アルミニウム合金の場合は、例えば純アルミニウムに0.2%~1.8%のマンガン(Mn)を添加した3000系アルミニウム合金である。そして、図2のように両者のひずみ差を用い、伝熱管20とフィン10との密着性を確保して、高効率の熱交換器1を得るようにしたものである。なお、伝熱管20とフィン10が同じ剛性のアルミニウム材の場合は、図3のようにひずみ差がないので、熱交換器1の伝熱管20とフィン10との密着性が悪く、高い熱交換率が得られない。
こうして、溝21を乗り越えて流れるような流れが発生しなくなり、管内圧力損失が増加せずに、熱交換率を向上させることができる。
図5は本発明の実施の形態2に係る熱交換器1を鉛直方向に切断した側面断面図、図6は図5のA部を拡大した断面図、図7は拡管後の溝の深さと熱交換率との関係を示す線図である。なお、実施の形態1と同一または相当部分には同じ符号を付し、説明を省略する(以下の実施の形態においても同様)。
図7において、内面溝付の伝熱管20(図5、図6参照)は、拡管後の溝21の深さHが深い程、その熱伝達率も高くなる。しかしながら、溝21の深さHが0.3mmを超えると、熱伝達率の増加量よりも圧力損失の増加量の方が多くなり、熱交換率が低下する。一方、拡管後の溝21の深さHが0.2mm未満の場合は、熱伝達率は向上しない。
よって、本実施形態2の内面溝付の伝熱管20においては、拡管後の溝21の深さHを、0.2mm~0.3mmとする。
図8は本発明の実施の形態3に係る熱交換器を鉛直方向に切断した側面断面図、図9は溝の条数と熱交換率との関係を示す線図である。
図9において、内面溝付の伝熱管20(図8参照)は、溝21の条数が多いほど、伝熱面積が増加するため、熱伝達率が増加する。しかしながら、溝21の条数が60を超えると溝部断面積が小さくなり、溝21から冷媒液膜が溢れて山頂部まで冷媒液膜に覆われてしまうため、熱伝達率が低下する。一方、溝21の条数が40より少なくなると、伝熱面積が減少し、熱伝達率が低下する。
よって、本実施形態3の内面溝付の伝熱管20においては、溝21の条数を40~60とする。
図10は本発明の実施の形態4に係る熱交換器を鉛直方向に切断した側面断面図、図11は図10のA部を拡大した断面図、図12は頂角と熱交換率との関係を示す線図である。
図12において、内面溝付の伝熱管20(図10、図11参照)は、溝21の頂角αが小さい程、伝熱面積が増加するため、熱伝達率が増加する。しかしながら、頂角αが5度より小さくなると熱交換器製造時の加工性が著しく低下し、熱交換率が低下する。一方、頂角αが20度を超えると、溝部断面積が小さくなり、溝21から冷媒液膜が溢れて山頂部まで冷媒液膜に覆われてしまうため、熱伝達率が低下する。
よって、本実施形態4の内面溝付の伝熱管20においては、頂角αを5度~20度とする。
図13(a)、(b)は本発明の実施の形態5に係る空気調和機の熱交換器の製造方法を示す鉛直方向に切断した正面断面図である。なお、室内機側の熱交換器および室外機側の熱交換器は、いずれも同様の手順により製作される。
図13に示すように、各伝熱管20を、それぞれ長手方向の中央部で所定の曲げピッチでヘアピン状に曲げ加工し、複数のヘアピン管を製作する。次いで、これらのヘアピン管を、所定の間隔をおいて相互に平行に配置した複数枚のフィン10に挿通し、その後、ヘアピン管内に拡管玉30をロッド31により押し込む機械拡管方式により(図13(a)参照)、またはヘアピン管内に拡管玉30を流体32の液圧により押し込む液圧拡管方式により(図13(b)参照)、ヘアピン管を拡管して、各フィン10とヘアピン管すなわち伝熱管20とを接合する。こうして、熱交換器10が製造される。
実施形態5においては、ヘアピン管の拡管によってフィン10とヘアピン管(伝熱管20)とを接合した場合を示したが、本実施の形態6ではさらに熱交換器10の伝熱管20の拡管率を規定したものである。
本実施形態6では、ヘアピン管を機械拡管方式あるいは液圧拡管方式により拡管する際の拡管率を、熱交換器1の伝熱管20で105.5%~107.5%とする。これにより、熱交換器1の伝熱管20とフィン10との密着性を改善して、高効率の熱交換器1を得る。しかしながら、熱交換器1の伝熱管20の拡管率が107.5%以上になると、山頂部での潰れとフィンカラー割れが発生し、伝熱管20とフィン10との密着性が悪化する。一方、熱交換器1の伝熱管20の拡管率が105.5%未満の場合は、伝熱管20とフィン10の密着性が悪く、高い熱交換率が得られない。
よって、本実施形態6のヘアピン管を拡管する際の拡管率を、熱交換器1の伝熱管20で105.5%~107.5%とする。
こうして拡管率を規定すると、製品にばらつきが発生しない。
図14は本発明の実施の形態7に係る熱交換器を鉛直方向に切断した側面断面図、図15は図14のC部を拡大した断面図である。
本実施の形態7においては、熱交換機1において、伝熱管20の拡管後の山頂部22(図14、15参照)の先端幅Wを、0.08~0.18mmの範囲に設定したものである。
これは、アルミニウムは銅に比べて変形抵抗が低く変形しやすくなり、山頂部22の潰れ及び倒れが大きくなるので、伝熱管20の拡管後の山頂部22の先端幅Wを0.08mm以上にすることにより、溝21の山部の潰れ量及び溝21の山部の倒れを少なくすることができる。一方、先端幅Wが0.18mmを超えると、溝部断面積が小さくなり、溝21から冷媒液膜が溢れて山頂部22まで冷媒液膜に覆われてしまうため、熱伝達率が低下する。
これにより、熱交換器1の伝熱管21とフィン10との密着性を改善して、高効率の熱交換器1を得ることができる。
図16は本発明の実施の形態8に係る熱交換器を鉛直方向に切断した正面断面図である。
本実施の形態8は熱交換器1の伝熱管20の外表面には亜鉛溶射・拡散処理を施したものであり、これによって伝熱管20の防食効果が期待でき、冷凍システムの信頼性を向上する。なお、亜鉛溶射・拡散処理後、アルミニウム母材中に約50μm~100μmの亜鉛拡散層23を形成することが望ましい。
本実施の形態9は、空気調和機に本発明の実施の形態1~8のいずれかに係る熱交換器を用いたものである。
これにより、管内圧力損失が増加せず、伝熱性能に優れた熱交換器を用いた高効率の空気調和機を得ることができる。
表1に示すように、外径が7mm、溝21の底肉厚が0.5mmであり、リード角が0度及び2度であるアルミニウム合金製の熱交換器20を作製した(実施例1及び実施例2)。
また、比較例として、外径が7mm、溝21の底肉厚が0.5mmであり、リード角Rが10度及び30度であるアルミニウム合金製の熱交換器(比較例1及び比較例2)、及び外径が7mm、底肉厚が0.25mmであり、リード角Rが30度である銅製の熱交換及び器を作製した(比較例3)。
また、比較例として、外径が7mm、溝21の底肉厚が0.5mm、リード角が0度であり、拡管後の溝深さが0.1mm、及び拡管後の溝深さが0.4mmであるアルミニウム製の熱交換器(比較例4及び比較例5)、及び外径が7mm、溝21の底肉厚が0.25mm、リード角が30度であり、拡管後の溝深さが0.15mmである銅製の熱交換器を作製した(比較例6)。
また、比較例として、外径が7mm、底肉厚が0.5mm、リード角が0度であり、溝数が30及び70であるアルミニウム製の熱交換器を作製し(比較例7及び比較例8)、外径が7mm、底肉厚が0.25mm、リード角が30度であり、溝数が50である銅製の熱交換器を作製した(比較例9)。
また、比較例として、外径が7mm、底肉厚が0.5mm、リード角が0度であり、頂角が0度及び40度であるアルミニウム製の熱交換器を作製し(比較例10及び比較例11)、及び外径が7mm、溝21の底肉厚が0.25mm、リード角が30度であり、頂角が15度である銅製の熱交換器を作製した(比較例12)。
また、比較例として、外径が7mm、溝21の底肉厚が0.5mm、リード角が0度であり、山部先端幅が0.07mmであるアルミニウム製の熱交換器を作製した(比較例13)。
上記の実施例9~実施例11、並びに比較例13の熱交換器を用いた拡管試験を行った。拡管試験は溝付管管内に拡管玉30を挿入して拡管率106%で拡管し、拡管後の内面溝付管の管軸直交断面を光学顕微鏡で観察し、内面潰れ量を調査した。そして、山頂部22の減少量が0.04mm以下のものを○、0.04mm以上超えるものを×とした。
10 フィン
20 伝熱管
21 溝
22 山頂部
23 亜鉛拡散層
30 拡管玉
31 ロッド
32 流体
α 頂角
H 溝の深さ
R リード角
W 山頂部の先端幅
Claims (13)
- 変形抵抗が低いアルミニウム系材料からなるフィンと、前記フィンを形成するアルミニウム系材料より変形抵抗が高く内面に溝が設けられ前記フィンを貫通して固定されたアルミニウム系材料からなる伝熱管とを備え、
前記伝熱管の管内面の管軸方向と、前記伝熱管の管内面に設けられた溝の方向とがほぼ平行であることを特徴とする熱交換器。 - 前記伝熱管の管内面の管軸方向に対して溝方向が0度~2度の角度をなすことを特徴とする請求項1記載の熱交換器。
- 機械拡管方式または液圧拡管方式により前記伝熱管を拡管させて、前記伝熱管と前記フィンが接合されていることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の熱交換器。
- 拡管により接合された前記伝熱管と前記フィンが、ロウ付けによって接着されていることを特徴とする請求項3記載の熱交換器。
- 機械拡管方式または液圧拡管方式による前記伝熱管の拡管率が、105.5%~107.5%であることを特徴とする請求項3または4記載の熱交換器。
- 前記伝熱管の拡管後の溝の深さは、0.2mm~0.3mmであることを特徴とする請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の熱交換器。
- 前記伝熱管の拡管後の山頂部の先端幅は、0.08mm~0.18mmであることを特徴とする請求項3~6のいずれかに記載の熱交換器。
- 前記伝熱管の溝の条数は40~60であることを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の熱交換器。
- 前記伝熱管の溝の頂角は5度~20度であることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の熱交換器。
- 前記伝熱管の外表面は亜鉛溶射・拡散処理されていることを特徴とする請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の熱交換器。
- 圧縮機、凝縮器、絞り装置、蒸発器を順次配管によって接続し、冷媒を作動流体として用いた冷凍サイクルにおいて、前記熱交換器を前記蒸発器または凝縮器として用いたことを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の熱交換器。
- 前記冷媒として、HC単一冷媒、またはHCを含む混合冷媒、R32、R410A、R407C、二酸化炭素のいずれかを用いることを特徴とする請求項11記載の熱交換器。
- 請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の熱交換器を用いたことを特徴とする空気調和機。
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| CN200980113934.3A CN102016482B (zh) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-04-17 | 热交换器以及使用该热交换器的空调机 |
| HK11106324.1A HK1152374B (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-04-17 | Heat exchanger and air conditioner using the same |
| EP09735950.9A EP2278252B1 (en) | 2008-04-24 | 2009-04-17 | Heat exchanger and air conditioner using the same |
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| GB2527456A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-12-23 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Heat exchanger, refrigeration cycle device, and production method for heat exchanger |
| WO2014147919A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱交換器、冷凍サイクル装置、及び熱交換器の製造方法 |
| WO2014147788A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 熱交換器、冷凍サイクル装置、及び熱交換器の製造方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8037699B2 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
| EP2278252A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
| EP2278252B1 (en) | 2013-08-14 |
| EP2278252A4 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| CN102016482B (zh) | 2012-11-14 |
| JPWO2009131072A1 (ja) | 2011-08-18 |
| US20110000254A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| JP2011153823A (ja) | 2011-08-11 |
| HK1152374A1 (en) | 2012-02-24 |
| ES2427863T3 (es) | 2013-11-04 |
| CN102016482A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
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