WO2009128414A1 - 透明複合材料及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
透明複合材料及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009128414A1 WO2009128414A1 PCT/JP2009/057427 JP2009057427W WO2009128414A1 WO 2009128414 A1 WO2009128414 A1 WO 2009128414A1 JP 2009057427 W JP2009057427 W JP 2009057427W WO 2009128414 A1 WO2009128414 A1 WO 2009128414A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite material
- transparent composite
- resin
- ammonium salt
- synthetic smectite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- VCDZVFHXXMMNQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(COC(c1cccc(C(OCC(C)OC(c2cccc(C(OCC=C)=O)c2)=O)=O)c1)=O)(COC(c1cccc(C(OCC=C)=O)c1)=O)COC(c1cccc(C(OCC=C)=O)c1)=O Chemical compound CCC(COC(c1cccc(C(OCC(C)OC(c2cccc(C(OCC=C)=O)c2)=O)=O)c1)=O)(COC(c1cccc(C(OCC=C)=O)c1)=O)COC(c1cccc(C(OCC=C)=O)c1)=O VCDZVFHXXMMNQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F299/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers
- C08F299/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates
- C08F299/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters
- C08F299/0485—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters from polyesters with side or terminal unsaturations
- C08F299/0492—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond reactions, in the absence of non-macromolecular monomers from unsaturated polycondensates from polyesters from polyesters with side or terminal unsaturations the unsaturation being in acrylic or methacrylic groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
- C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
- C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
- C01B33/44—Products obtained from layered base-exchange silicates by ion-exchange with organic compounds such as ammonium, phosphonium or sulfonium compounds or by intercalation of organic compounds, e.g. organoclay material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/16—Material structures, e.g. crystalline structures, film structures or crystal plane orientations
- H10F77/169—Thin semiconductor films on metallic or insulating substrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a transparent composite material and a transparent composite material. More specifically, the present invention relates to a transparent composite material having a low thermal expansion coefficient and a transparent composite material obtained by the method, and its use.
- glass has been widely used as a display element substrate, a color filter substrate, a solar cell substrate, etc. for liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices.
- plastic materials have been studied as an alternative to glass substrates because they are easily broken, cannot be bent, have a large specific gravity, and are not suitable for weight reduction.
- a substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, polyolefin, and polyethersulfone has been proposed (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-268711; Patent Document 1).
- a plastic substrate for a display is formed by forming a metal oxide such as indium or tin on the plastic by a method such as argon sputtering or ion plating in vacuum when forming a transparent electrode on the substrate. is doing.
- a metal oxide film is uniformly formed on the plastic surface from a metal oxide deposition source, a high degree of vacuum is required.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a transparent composite material capable of normally forming a thin film with little outgassing in a vacuum heating atmosphere during the deposition of a conductive thin film, and a transparent composite material obtained by the method. .
- the inventors of the present invention produced a transparent composite material in which volatile components contained in the material were reduced in advance before vacuum heating.
- the present inventors have found that the problems occurring in the above can be solved, and have completed the present invention.
- this invention relates to the manufacturing method of the following transparent composite materials, the transparent composite material obtained by the method, the display apparatus which uses the transparent composite material as a base material, and the board
- a method for producing a transparent composite material comprising a step and a fourth step of removing an organic volatile component remaining in the cured product.
- the quaternary organic ammonium salt is lauryl trimethyl ammonium salt, stearyl trimethyl ammonium salt, trioctyl methyl ammonium salt, distearyl dimethyl ammonium salt, di-cured tallow dimethyl ammonium salt, distearyl dibenzyl ammonium salt, and N- 2.
- the method for producing a transparent composite material according to 1 above selected from one or more of polyoxyethylene-N-lauryl-N, N-dimethylammonium salt.
- the method for producing a transparent composite material as described in 1 above which comprises a step of treating the terminal hydroxyl group of the synthetic smectite with a surface modifier before the second step.
- a transparent composite material having a small amount of volatile components can be obtained by removing volatile components contained in the material in advance, so that a low-resistance conductive thin film can be formed on the surface of the transparent composite material. It is extremely useful as a transparent conductive substrate for materials. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since a transparent sheet having a small thermal expansion coefficient can be provided by taking a specific resin composition, it can be used for flexible displays, solar cells, and the like.
- Transparent composite material In the transparent composite material of the present invention, synthetic smectite having a number average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 300 is dispersed in a cured resin. Generally, the synthetic smectite can be obtained by mixing with a resin composition and curing.
- glass cloth, nano silica, and the like are known as fillers that can improve mechanical properties and thermal properties while maintaining the transparency of the resin.
- glass cloth since the thermal expansion coefficients of resin and glass cloth differ greatly, whitening occurs due to microcracks during heating and cooling, and the transparency of the material is lost.
- nanosilica when nanosilica is filled, transparency can be maintained with a small amount of addition, but in order to achieve the low thermal expansion coefficient required for applications of display substrates and solar cell substrates, it is necessary to highly fill nanosilica. In this case, transparency cannot be maintained.
- an allyl ester resin composition and / or a vinyl ester resin composition in which a synthetic smectite having specific properties is dispersed becomes a transparent composite material having an extremely small thermal expansion coefficient.
- the transparency of the transparent composite material is evaluated by the total light transmittance.
- the transparent composite material of the present invention has a total light transmittance of 85% or more and a haze value of 5% or less at a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
- the total light transmittance is more preferably 90% or more, and the haze value is more preferably 3% or less.
- the total light transmittance is a value measured according to JIS K-7361-1
- the haze value is a value measured according to JIS K-7136.
- the shape of the transparent composite material in the present invention is not limited, but a molded product such as a film, a sheet, or a flat plate is particularly suitable.
- a film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less is represented as a film
- a sheet having a thickness of greater than 200 ⁇ m and 5000 ⁇ m or less is represented as a sheet
- a sheet having a thickness of greater than 5000 ⁇ m is represented as a plate. It is expressed as a sheet.
- a synthetic smectite having a number average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 300 is organically treated with a quaternary organic ammonium salt and / or a quaternary organic phosphonium salt.
- a first step of preparing a resin composition containing 10 to 40% by mass of synthetic smectite by mixing the organically treated synthetic smectite and a curable resin, and curing the resin composition And having a third step of obtaining a cured product and a fourth step of removing organic volatile components remaining in the cured product.
- a specific synthetic smectite is organically treated with a quaternary organic ammonium salt or a quaternary organic phosphonium salt.
- a commercially available synthetic smectite that has already been organically treated can also be used. That is, the present invention also includes a method for producing a transparent composite material using a commercially available synthetic smectite that has been organically treated.
- an organically treated synthetic smectite is mixed with a curable resin to prepare a resin composition containing 10 to 40% by mass of the synthetic smectite.
- a reactive monomer, a curing agent, an additive, and other radical reactive resin components may be contained.
- (1) a method in which a resin component is dissolved in a solvent and a dispersion in which the synthetic smectite is dispersed in the solvent, and (2) the synthetic smectite is used as a solvent.
- (3) A method in which a resin component and a synthetic smectite are added and dispersed after dissolving the resin component in a solvent, or (4) a method in which the resin component and the synthetic smectite are dispersed. It can be produced by a method of dissolving and dispersing the mixture obtained by kneading in a solvent.
- a method of mixing a solution in which the resin component is dissolved in a solvent and a dispersion in which the synthetic smectite is dispersed in the solvent is particularly preferable.
- the dispersion method is not particularly limited, but the dispersion is performed by using a known method such as a mix rotor, a magnetic stirrer, a homogenizer, a Henschel mixer, a bead mill, an ultra-high pressure atomizer, ultrasonic irradiation, or a combination of these with heating as necessary. It is possible to make it.
- the resin composition is applied onto the substrate and cured by any one of electron beam (EB) irradiation, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and heating.
- EB electron beam
- UV ultraviolet
- the mixed solution of synthetic smectite, resin composition, and solvent is degassed and concentrated by reducing the pressure, and the viscosity of the mixed solution is adjusted to an optimum viscosity for coating.
- the viscosity of the liquid mixture is not particularly limited, but is preferably a viscosity suitable for the molding method.
- the viscosity at 25 ° C. is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 1,000 Pa ⁇ s.
- the direct gravure method, reverse gravure method, and micro gravure method are used on a smooth substrate such as glass, metal, or plastic film.
- Ordinary industrial methods such as roll coating methods such as the two-roll beat coating method, bottom feed three-reverse coating method, doctor knife method, die coating method, dip coating method, bar coating method and coating methods combining these methods. This can be done by the method used.
- the roll coating method and the doctor knife method which are methods for applying a force (share) acting in a direction parallel to the substrate so as to orient the synthetic smectite in the plane direction, are preferable.
- Oriented in the plane direction means that the majority of each layer of the synthetic smectite is oriented so as to be parallel to the substrate surface.
- the linear expansion coefficient in the plane direction of the transparent sheet can be effectively reduced.
- the total light transmittance is increased even when the synthetic smectite content is high.
- the synthetic smectite can be further oriented in the plane direction.
- the synthetic smectite can be further oriented in the plane direction.
- a reactive monomer it is preferable to use a reactive monomer with relatively low volatility, use a solvent with high volatility, and dry it under appropriate conditions (temperature, pressure, time, etc.).
- the method of orienting synthetic smectite in the plane direction by volatilizing the solvent can be used in combination with the roll coating method and / or doctor knife method, but it should be carried out by the method of applying without sharing. You can also.
- the temperature for volatilizing the solvent is preferably 0 to 200 ° C. A temperature lower than 0 ° C. is not preferable because the volatilization rate is extremely slow. When the temperature is higher than 200 ° C., foaming due to rapid volatilization or boiling of the solvent or gelation of the resin may occur, which may reduce the surface smoothness and increase the haze value. More preferably, it is 10 to 100 ° C.
- the pressure for volatilizing the solvent is preferably 10 Pa to 1 MPa. If it is less than 10 Pa, bumping may occur, and surface smoothness may decrease and haze value may increase. More preferably, it is 10 to 200 Pa.
- the time for evaporating the solvent is preferably 1 to 120 minutes.
- the solvent When the time is less than 1 minute, the solvent cannot be sufficiently volatilized, and bubbles are generated during curing. When it is longer than 120 minutes, productivity is deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the solvent When the solvent is volatilized, the solvent may be dried while a gas such as air, nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide is passed through. These gases may contain a volatile component of the solvent.
- the gas flow rate when the solvent is volatilized is preferably 0.01 to 200 m / s. If it is slower than 0.01 m / s, the volatile component of the solvent will remain, which is not preferable.
- the speed is higher than 200 m / s, the coating solution is not uniform, which is not preferable. More preferably, it is 0.1 to 50 m / s.
- a transparent sheet can be obtained by releasing from the substrate after curing.
- EB electron beam
- UV ultraviolet
- the resin composition before curing in which the synthetic smectite is dispersed and containing a solvent, is applied to a biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate film on a flat surface having a smooth surface, for example, by the above method, and then the solvent is volatilized. May be sandwiched between smooth biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate films and cured by EB irradiation, UV irradiation, or heating.
- EB irradiation is more preferable from the viewpoint of curing speed and coloring.
- the acceleration voltage of the electron beam during EB irradiation is 30 to 500 kV, preferably 50 to 300 kV.
- the electron beam dose is 1 to 1000 kGy, preferably 10 to 500 kGy.
- the electron beam accelerating voltage is less than 30 kV, there is a risk of insufficient transmission of the electron beam when the composition is thick, and when it is greater than 500 kV, the economy is poor.
- a base material since there exists a possibility that a base material may be damaged when electron beam irradiation amount exceeds 1000 kGy, it is unpreferable.
- the curing temperature is 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 10 to 130 ° C.
- the UV irradiation time is preferably 0.01 to 10 hours, preferably 0.05 to 1 hour, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5 hours.
- the UV integrated light amount is 10 to 5000 mJ / cm 2 . If it is less than 10 mJ / cm 2 , curing becomes insufficient, which is not preferable. When it is larger than 5000 mJ / cm 2 , the productivity is deteriorated.
- the curing temperature is 30 to 160 ° C., preferably 40 to 130 ° C.
- a method of slowly curing while raising the temperature is preferable, and it is 0.5 to 100 hours, preferably 3 to 50 hours.
- the curing can proceed completely by after-curing.
- the transparent sheet may or may not be peeled off from a smooth substrate such as glass, metal or plastic film.
- the after-curing temperature is 50 to 300 ° C., preferably 80 to 250 ° C.
- the after-curing time is 0.1 to 10 hours, preferably 0.5 to 5 hours.
- the after-cure pressure can be carried out in a reduced pressure to pressurized atmosphere of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa to 1 MPa, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 Pa to 0.5 MPa.
- the after-cure atmosphere can be performed in an atmosphere of air, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, or the like, but a nitrogen atmosphere is preferable from the viewpoint of color reduction.
- a transparent sheet comprising two or more layers
- the interface between the two sheets may be subjected to a treatment such as a corona treatment or an anchor coat.
- low molecular weight components such as unreacted monomer, quaternary organic ammonium salt and / or quaternary organic phosphonium, and water contained in the cured product (transparent sheet) by washing with a solvent and / or heating. Remove.
- the cured product contains low molecular weight components such as unreacted monomer, quaternary organic ammonium salt and / or quaternary organic phosphonium salt, and water.
- low molecular weight components such as unreacted monomer, quaternary organic ammonium salt and / or quaternary organic phosphonium salt, and water.
- a method for removing volatile components in the cured product there are a method of washing with a solvent, and a method of vaporizing and removing volatile components by heating. These methods may be performed alone or in combination. Either one may be performed first.
- the method of removing a volatile component with a solvent refers to a method in which a solvent is infiltrated from the surface of the cured product, and a volatile component that diffuses and elutes from the inside / surface of the solid with the solvent is released from the surface of the cured product and removed.
- the method of removing the volatile component by heating refers to a method of removing the volatile component by vaporizing on the surface after the cured product is heated and the volatile component in the cured product diffuses and reaches the surface.
- Solvents for washing with solvents include ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, etc. Alcohols, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane and trichloromethane, and esters such as ethyl acetate and butyl acetate, but are not limited thereto. In view of cost and extractability, acetone and toluene are particularly preferable. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the cleaning method in the case of cleaning with a solvent includes, for example, a method of impregnating a cured product in a solvent, a method of spraying a solvent on the surface of the cured product, agglomerating solvent vapor on the surface of the cured product, and flowing a volatile component together with the solvent.
- the method of leaving etc. are mentioned.
- the form of the cured product may be a sheet or film.
- the cured product is too thick, it will take time for the solvent to diffuse into the cured product and be completely volatile components. It takes a long time to remove. In order to extract in a short time, it is desirable that the film is as thin as possible.
- Solvent cleaning temperature may be above the melting point of the solvent. Cleaning at a high temperature increases the diffusion rate of the solvent in the cured product, and the cleaning rate can be increased accordingly. However, when cleaning at a temperature higher than the boiling point of the solvent, the solvent eventually becomes liquid on the surface of the cured product. Therefore, the cleaning process is performed in a pressurized container at atmospheric pressure or higher, and the equipment cost is increased.
- the solvent When the volatile component is washed with a solvent, the solvent may remain in the cured product, and it is necessary to add a step of drying the solvent after washing.
- a drying method a normal method can be used, and a method of blowing hot air on the surface of the cured product, a method of evacuating, or the like can be considered. In either case, the residual solvent can be removed by setting the atmosphere to a temperature and pressure that are easily vaporized by the solvent.
- the cured product When the cured product is heated to vaporize and remove volatile components, the cured product can be heated in air, under an inert gas, in a vacuum atmosphere, and the volatile components can be vaporized and removed from the cured product.
- a normal circulation dryer When a volatile component is vaporized and removed in the air, a normal circulation dryer can be used. If there is a risk of coloring the cured product due to oxygen in the air, it can be prevented by heat treatment in an inert gas atmosphere.
- an inert gas atmosphere As the kind of the inert gas, nitrogen, argon, helium and the like can be considered, and any gas may be used as long as it does not adversely affect the cured product. However, it is desirable to use nitrogen gas from the viewpoint of cost.
- the heating temperature can be set low by making the heating atmosphere vacuum.
- the synthetic smectite used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a synthetic smectite having a number average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 300.
- the number average particle size needs to be sufficiently smaller than the wavelength of visible light.
- visible light means light having a wavelength in the range of 400 to 800 nm. Therefore, the number average particle diameter of the synthetic smectite is preferably in the range of 10 to 300 nm, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 200 nm.
- the number average particle size is less than 10 nm, the linear expansion coefficient in the surface direction of the transparent sheet tends not to be sufficiently small, and when it exceeds 300 nm, those having a particle size overlapping with the visible light wavelength are included. It is not preferable.
- the aspect ratio is in the range of 10 to 300, and more preferably in the range of 30 to 100.
- the aspect ratio is preferably 10 or more.
- the linear expansion coefficient may not be within a predetermined range (preferably 30 ppm / ° C. or less).
- synthetic smectite having an aspect ratio exceeding 300 is used, the total light transmittance of the transparent sheet may be lowered.
- the number average particle diameter of the synthetic smectite here refers to the number average particle diameter obtained by a dynamic light scattering method while being dispersed in a solvent.
- the number average particle diameter by the dynamic light scattering method can be determined by referring to, for example, pages 169 to 179 of “Particle Diameter Measurement Technology” (Edition of Powder Engineering, 1994).
- Specific examples of the measuring apparatus include a dynamic light scattering type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (for example, LB-550 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- the number average particle diameter of the synthetic smectite obtained by the dynamic light scattering method can be considered to be substantially the same as the number average particle diameter of the synthetic smectite after being dispersed in the resin in the present invention.
- L is the number average particle diameter determined by the dynamic light scattering method in a solvent
- a is the unit thickness of the synthetic smectite.
- the unit thickness a is a value that can be calculated by measuring the diffraction peak of synthetic smectite by powder X-ray diffraction.
- Such a synthetic smectite may be synthesized using a known method (for example, Haruo Shiramizu, “Clay Mineralogy-Fundamentals of Clay Science” Asakura Shoten, 1988, pp. 98-100) or commercially available. Synthetic smectite may be used. As an example of synthetic smectite, synthetic hectorite, synthetic saponite, and synthetic stevensite can be suitably used. Examples of commercially available products include synthetic smectite SWN (synthetic hectorite) manufactured by Corp Chemical Co., and synthetic inorganic polymer smectons manufactured by Kunimine Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- SWN synthetic smectite
- Examples include SA (synthetic saponite), synthetic silicate LAPONITE (synthetic hectorite) manufactured by Rockwood, and synthetic magnesium silicate ionite (synthetic stevensite) manufactured by Mizusawa Industries.
- SA synthetic saponite
- synthetic silicate LAPONITE synthetic hectorite
- synthetic magnesium silicate ionite synthetic stevensite manufactured by Mizusawa Industries.
- synthetic smectite SWN manufactured by Co-op Chemical Co. is more preferable in terms of transparency, cation exchange capacity, and size.
- synthetic smectite which has been made hydrophobic by quaternary organic ammonium salt and / or quaternary organic phosphonium salt to improve dispersion in the resin.
- Such chemical treatment involves exchanging exchangeable metal cations such as sodium and calcium existing between the flaky crystal layers of synthetic smectite with various cationic substances such as cationic surfactants. Insertion (intercalation) between smectite crystal layers can be mentioned.
- the cation exchange capacity of the synthetic smectite in this case is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 to 1200 meq / 100 g.
- the cation exchange capacity is less than 50 meq / 100 g, the amount of the cationic substance intercalated between the crystal layers of the synthetic smectite is reduced by the cation exchange. May not be).
- the cation exchange capacity is larger than 1200 meq / 100 g, the bonding force between the crystal layers of the synthetic smectite becomes too strong, and the crystal flakes may be difficult to peel off.
- the organic treatment method is also referred to as a cation exchange method using a cationic surfactant, which is particularly effective when the resin component of the transparent composite material has a low polarity, and enhances the affinity between the synthetic smectite and the low polarity resin, Synthetic smectite can be finely dispersed more uniformly in the low polarity resin.
- a cationic surfactant used here, Since it can fully hydrophobize between the crystal
- Examples of the quaternary organic ammonium salt include trimethyl alkyl ammonium salt, triethyl alkyl ammonium salt, tributyl alkyl ammonium salt, dimethyl dialkyl ammonium salt, dibutyl dialkyl ammonium salt, methyl benzyl dialkyl ammonium salt, dibenzyl dialkyl ammonium salt, and trialkyl.
- Fragrance such as methylammonium salt, trialkylethylammonium salt, trialkylbutylammonium salt; benzylmethyl ⁇ 2- [2- (p-1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylphenoxy) ethoxy] ethyl ⁇ ammonium chloride Quaternary ammonium salts having a ring; quaternary ammonium salts derived from aromatic amines such as trimethylphenylammonium; alkylpyridinium salts, imidazolium salts, etc.
- Quaternary ammonium salt having a heterocyclic ring dialkyl quaternary ammonium salt having two polyethylene glycol chains, dialkyl quaternary ammonium salt having two polypropylene glycol chains, trialkyl quaternary ammonium salt having one polyethylene glycol chain, polypropylene And trialkyl quaternary ammonium salts having one glycol chain.
- lauryl trimethyl ammonium salt stearyl trimethyl ammonium salt, trioctyl methyl ammonium salt, distearyl dimethyl ammonium salt, di-cured tallow dimethyl ammonium salt, distearyl dibenzyl ammonium salt, N-polyoxyethylene-N-lauryl-N, N-dimethylammonium salt and the like are preferred.
- These quaternary organic ammonium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the quaternary organic phosphonium salt include dodecyltriphenylphosphonium salt, methyltriphenylphosphonium salt, lauryltrimethylphosphonium salt, stearyltrimethylphosphonium salt, trioctylmethylphosphonium salt, distearyldimethylphosphonium salt, distearyldibenzylphosphonium. Examples include salts. These quaternary organic phosphonium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an aliphatic quaternary ammonium salt and / or quaternary phosphonium salt is used.
- a trialkylmethylammonium salt and a trialkyl quaternary ammonium salt having one polypropylene glycol chain are more preferable.
- synthetic smectite can be highly dispersed in the resin by using a surface modifier.
- a surface modifier it is preferable to use an aliphatic surface modifier for a resin containing many aliphatic carbon chains.
- the synthetic smectite used in the present invention can be organically treated not only between the layers but also the surface. Since the surface of the synthetic smectite has a functional group such as a hydroxyl group, it can be organically treated with a compound having a functional group reactive to the terminal hydroxyl group.
- the compound having a functional group capable of chemically bonding to the hydroxyl group is not particularly limited, and for example, a silane compound (silane coupling agent), a titanate compound (titanate coupling agent), a glycidyl compound, an isocyanate compound. Etc. These compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- silane compounds can be preferably used.
- the silane compound include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyldimethylmethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyldimethylethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, trimethylmethoxysilane, hexyltrimethoxysilane, hexyltriethoxysilane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, octadecyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane
- the content of the synthetic smectite in the transparent composite material is preferably in the range of 10 to 40% by mass, more preferably in the range of 15 to 30% by mass.
- the content of the synthetic smectite is less than 10% by mass, the average linear expansion coefficient from 50 to 250 ° C. of the transparent composite material is increased, and is higher than 30 ppm / ° C.
- the content of the synthetic smectite exceeds 40% by mass, it becomes difficult to uniformly disperse the synthetic smectite in the resin, and the mechanical strength of the transparent composite material is lowered, so that it becomes brittle and easily cracked.
- thermosetting resin composition In the resin composition of the present invention, if the cured product containing synthetic smectite (after the three-dimensional crosslinking reaction) is transparent, the conventional thermosetting resin composition, photocurable resin composition and the like can be cured. A functional resin composition can be used.
- examples thereof include a resin, a urea resin, a phenol resin, a bismaleimide triazine resin, an alkyd resin, a furan resin, a polyurethane resin, and an aniline resin.
- a composition containing a radical-reactive three-dimensional cross-linking resin in which a cross-linking reaction proceeds by radical polymerization such as allyl ester resin and vinyl ester resin is preferable.
- the allyl ester resin contains a compound having an allyl group or a methallyl group (hereinafter, both may be referred to as a (meth) allyl group) and an ester structure. .
- the compound having a (meth) allyl group and an ester structure is (1) an esterification reaction between a compound containing a (meth) allyl group and a hydroxyl group (herein collectively referred to as allyl alcohol) and a compound containing a carboxyl group, (2) It can be obtained by an esterification reaction between a compound containing a (meth) allyl group and a carboxyl group and a compound containing a hydroxyl group, or (3) an ester exchange reaction between an ester compound consisting of allyl alcohol and dicarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.
- the ester compound which consists of allyl alcohol and dicarboxylic acid in (3), following General formula (1) (In the formula, R 1 and R 2 each independently represent an allyl group or a methallyl group, and A 1 represents a dicarboxylic acid having at least one structure of an alicyclic structure, an aromatic ring structure and an aliphatic chain structure. Represents an organic residue derived from it.) And at least one compound selected from the compounds represented by formula (1).
- This compound may be contained in the allyl ester resin composition of the present invention as a reactive diluent (reactive monomer) as well as a raw material for the allyl ester oligomer described later.
- a 1 in general formula (1) is preferably the same as A 2 and A 3 in general formulas (2) and (3) described later.
- an allyl ester compound having an ester structure formed from a polyhydric alcohol and a dicarboxylic acid having an allyl group and / or a methallyl group as a terminal group hereinafter referred to as “allyl ester oligomer”.
- the following general formula (2) (Wherein R 3 represents an allyl group or a methallyl group, and A 2 represents an organic residue derived from a dicarboxylic acid having at least one of an alicyclic structure, an aromatic ring structure, and an aliphatic chain structure. ) And a group represented by the following general formula (3) (Wherein A 3 represents an organic residue derived from a dicarboxylic acid having at least one of an alicyclic structure, an aromatic ring structure and an aliphatic chain structure, and X is one or more derived from a polyhydric alcohol. Wherein X can have a branched structure having an ester bond and further having the above general formula (2) as a terminal group and the above general formula (3) as a structural unit.
- the compound which has a structure shown by as a structural unit is preferable.
- the number of terminal groups represented by the general formula (2) is at least 2 or more, but when X has a branched structure in the general formula (3), the number is 3 or more.
- R 3 at each end groups there are a plurality each of these R 3 may not necessarily be the same type, some end there in the structure of an allyl group, the other terminal methallyl group It doesn't matter.
- not all R 3 must be an allyl group or a methallyl group, and a part thereof may be a non-polymerizable group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group as long as the curability is not impaired.
- a 2 in the general formula (2) is an organic residue derived from a dicarboxylic acid having at least one of an alicyclic structure, an aromatic ring structure, and an aliphatic chain structure. Portion derived from dicarboxylic acid is shown by a carbonyl structure adjacent to A 2. Accordingly, the A 2 portion represents a benzene skeleton or a cyclohexane skeleton. From the viewpoint of transparency, a dicarboxylic acid having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic chain structure is more preferable than a carboxylic acid having an aromatic structure.
- the dicarboxylic acid for deriving the A 2 structure is not particularly limited, but terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 1,5-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2 , 7-Naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-m, m′-dicarboxylic acid, diphenyl-p, p′-dicarboxylic acid, benzophenone-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, p-phenylenediacetic acid, p-carboxyphenylacetic acid, methyl
- Examples include terephthalic acid, tetrachlorophthalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, 2-methylsuccinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, and endic anhydride.
- dicarboxylic acids having an aliphatic chain structure or an alicyclic structure are preferable.
- dicarboxylic acids having an alicyclic structure are more preferable, and examples thereof include 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- the dicarboxylic acid for deriving the A 2 structure if an alicyclic structure such as 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid is used, a flexible molded product can be obtained and it can be easily molded into a transparent film or the like. Moreover, the dispersibility of the resin of the inorganic substance on the flat plate is good, and a film with excellent transparency and less coloring can be obtained as compared with the aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- At least one structural unit represented by the general formula (3) is necessary in the allyl ester oligomer, but it is possible to obtain a suitable viscosity by repeating this structure to increase the molecular weight of the entire allyl ester oligomer to some extent. Therefore, workability is improved and the toughness of the cured product is also improved. However, if the molecular weight becomes too large, the molecular weight between cross-linking points of the cured product becomes too large, so that the glass transition temperature (Tg) is lowered and the heat resistance may be lowered. It is important to adjust to an appropriate molecular weight according to the application.
- the allyl ester resin composition contains a synthetic smectite having a number average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 300, so that the glass transition is maintained while maintaining the transparency of the resin composition.
- temperature (Tg) and a linear expansion coefficient are improved, when the molecular weight of an allyl ester oligomer is small, it exists in the tendency for hardened
- the oligomer skeleton can be selected without any particular limitation. If a linear oligomer having a large molecular weight is used, a relatively flexible and tough resin tends to be obtained. If a branched oligomer is selected, a resin having high hardness and heat resistance can be obtained. It is also possible to adjust the appropriate flexibility and hardness by mixing both.
- a 3 in the general formula (3) is an organic residue derived from a dicarboxylic acid having at least one of an alicyclic structure, an aromatic ring structure and an aliphatic chain structure, and its definition and examples of preferred compounds Is the same as A 2 in the general formula (2).
- X in the general formula (3) represents one or more organic residues derived from a polyhydric alcohol.
- the polyhydric alcohol is a compound having two or more hydroxyl groups, and preferably a compound having two hydroxyl groups.
- X itself indicates a skeleton other than the hydroxyl group of the polyhydric alcohol.
- polyhydric alcohol examples include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6 -Hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, diethylene glycol, ethylene oxide adduct of isocyanuric acid, pentaerythritol, tricyclodecane dimethanol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, ethylene oxide adduct of pentaerythritol, D-sorbitol and hydrogenated bisphenol A etc. are mentioned.
- the allyl ester oligomer may be a copolymer type.
- several types of X exist in one allyl ester oligomer.
- the structure may be such that one of X is a residue derived from propylene glycol and the other X is a residue derived from trimethylolpropane.
- the allyl ester oligomer will be branched at the trimethylolpropane residue.
- a 3 may also be present are several types as well.
- An example of a structural formula in the case where R 3 is an allyl group, A 2 and A 3 are residues derived from isophthalic acid, and X is propylene glycol and trimethylolpropane is shown below.
- Vinyl ester resin is also called epoxy (meth) acrylate, and is generally (1) an epoxy compound represented by epoxy resin and radically polymerizable such as (meth) acrylic acid.
- the vinyl ester resin is not particularly limited, but when synthetic smectite is used, a vinyl ester resin synthesized from an aliphatic epoxy compound is preferable, and a vinyl ester resin synthesized from an epoxy compound having an alicyclic structure is more preferable.
- Examples of the alicyclic epoxy compound include hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate diglycidyl, 3,4-epoxycyclohexenylmethyl-3 ′, 4′-epoxycyclohexene carboxylate, Cyclohexane type such as bis (3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl) adipate, 3-oxatricyclo [3.2.1.02,4] octane-6-carboxylic acid, 3-oxatricyclo Norbornene type such as [3.2.1.02,4] oct-6-ylmethyl ester, 7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0] heptane-3-carboxylic acid, tricyclo [3.3.1.13 , 7] adamantane type such as decane-1,3-diyl ester.
- Cyclohexane type such as bis (3,4-epoxy-6-methylcyclohexylmethyl
- hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin is more preferable in terms of transparency, toughness, and heat resistance. Moreover, if molecular weight is 800 or more, toughness can further be improved. Even when the raw material epoxy resin has an average molecular weight of less than 500, the molecular weight may be increased by partially using a dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, or 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- a dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid, adipic acid, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, or 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- the above epoxy compound and an ethylenically unsaturated compound having a carboxyl group are charged into a reactor, and the reaction is carried out while blowing air.
- the preferred reaction temperature is 70 to 150 ° C, more preferably 80 to 140 ° C. When it is lower than 70 ° C., the reaction time becomes long and it is not economical. When it is higher than 150 ° C., it often gels.
- the reaction catalyst may or may not be added, but the addition of the reaction catalyst shortens the reaction time and is economical.
- Preferred catalysts include tertiary amine compounds, phosphine compounds, onium salts and the like. Specific examples of the tertiary amine compound include dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N-dimethylpiperazine, and benzyldimethylamine. Examples of the phosphine compound include triphenylphosphine, tolylphosphine, and tricyclohexylphosphine. . Examples of onium salts include quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts.
- Examples of quaternary ammonium salts include tetramethylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetramethylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium bromide, and decyltrimethylammonium.
- Examples of the quaternary phosphonium salt include tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, and tetramethylphosphonium tetraphenylborate.
- the addition amount of these catalysts is preferably 0.05 to 3 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total of the epoxy resin and the ethylenically unsaturated compound having a carboxyl group. If it is less than 0.05 parts by mass, the effect of promoting the reaction does not appear, and if it exceeds 3 parts by mass, the resin is vigorously colored, which is not preferable.
- curable resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a curable resin that does not have an aromatic ring structure is more preferable from the viewpoint that it is compatible with the synthetic smectite and can obtain higher transparency.
- curable resin refers to the prepolymer state before curing (including oligomers, additives, and monomers) and the cured product.
- resin composition a case where a prepolymer state before curing is indicated as a “resin composition”.
- the resin composition prepared in the second step of the present invention is a resin essentially comprising an oligomer component having at least two radical-reactive functional groups such as vinyl groups and allyl groups (herein, it refers to a resin component before curing).
- an oligomer component having at least two radical-reactive functional groups such as vinyl groups and allyl groups
- prepolymer or oligomer which may contain a monomer component
- synthetic smectite having a number average particle diameter of 10 to 300 nm and an aspect ratio of 10 to 300.
- You may further contain a reactive diluent (reactive monomer), a hardening
- a solvent that does not participate in the crosslinking reaction may be included for the purpose of reducing the viscosity and improving processability, but it is necessary to finally remove it.
- a reactive monomer may be added to the resin composition for the purpose of controlling the curing rate, adjusting the viscosity (improving workability), improving the crosslinking density, and adding functions.
- These reactive monomers are not particularly limited, and various types can be used.
- a radical polymerizable carbon-carbon double bond such as a vinyl group or an allyl group is used.
- Monomers having (ethylenically unsaturated groups) are preferred. Examples of such a monomer include a monofunctional monomer having one ethylenically unsaturated group in one molecule and a polyfunctional monomer having two or more ethylenically unsaturated groups in one molecule. Preferred specific examples of these reactive monomers are shown below. “(Meth) acrylate” represents acrylate and methacrylate.
- Examples of monofunctional monomers include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, t-butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) Acrylate, octyl (meth) acrylate, dodecyl (meth) acrylate, octadecyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, methylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, 4-t-butylcyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, Dicyclopentenyloxymethyl (meth) acrylate, dicyclopentenyloxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, ethoxydiethylene
- Polyfunctional monomers include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, propylene glycol di (Meth) acrylate, dipropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tripropylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,3-butylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,5 -Pentanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate, neopentyl glycol di (meth) acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di (meth) acrylate 1,10-decanediol di (meth) acrylate, dimethyloltri
- the above reactive monomers can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the resin component used for these reactive monomers is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 to 100% by mass of the resin and 0 to 70% by mass of the reactive monomer. When the amount of the reactive monomer used exceeds 70% by mass, the excellent transparency of the resin may not be exhibited, or the mechanical strength derived from the resin may be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the resin composition is preferably cured by electron beam (EB) irradiation, but can be irradiated by ultraviolet rays (UV) or thermally cured.
- a curing agent may be used.
- curing agent which can be used, What is generally used as a hardening
- the radical polymerization initiator include a photopolymerization initiator, an organic peroxide, and an azo compound.
- a photopolymerization initiator is particularly preferred from the viewpoint of UV-curing the three-dimensional crosslinkable resin composition of the present invention.
- Photopolymerization initiators include 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethane-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, benzophenone, 2-methyl-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholinopropane -1-one, 2-benzyl-2-dimethylamino-1- (4-morpholinophenyl) -butanone-1,2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1- [4- ( 2-hydroxyethoxy) -phenyl] -2-hydroxy-2-one, 2-hydroxy-1- ⁇ 4- [4- (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionyl) benzyl] phenyl ⁇ -2-methylpropane-1 -One, oxyphenylacetic acid 2- [2-oxo-2-phenylacetoxyethoxy] ethyl ester, oxyph Nylacetic acid 2- [2-hydroxyethoxy] ethyl ester, phenylglyoxylic
- organic peroxide known compounds such as dialkyl peroxides, acyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, ketone peroxides, and peroxyesters can be used. Specific examples thereof include diisobutyryl peroxide, cumyl peroxyneodecanoate, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate, di-sec-butyl peroxydicarbonate, 1,1,3 , 3-tetramethylbutyl peroxyneodecanoate, di (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate, di (2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate, t-hexylperoxyneodecanoate, t- Butylperoxyneodecanoate, t-butylperoxyneoheptanoate, t-hexylperoxypivalate, t-butylperoxyp
- Examples of the azo compound include 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), dimethyl-2,2′-azobis ( 2-methylpropionate), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile), 1,1′-azobis (cyclohexane-1-carbonitrile), 2,2′-azobis [N- (2- Propenyl) -2-methylpropionamide], 1-[(1-cyano-1-methylethyl) azo] formamide, 2,2′-azobis (N-butyl-2-methylpropionamide), 2,2′- And azobis (N-cyclohexyl-2-methylpropionamide).
- radical polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of these curing agents is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably 0.5 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the three-dimensional crosslinkable resin composition. It is more preferable.
- the blending amount of the curing agent is less than 0.1 parts by mass, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient curing rate, and when the blending amount exceeds 10 parts by mass, the final cured product becomes brittle and the mechanical strength is low. May decrease.
- additives such as an antioxidant, a lubricant, and an ultraviolet absorber can be added to the resin composition as necessary.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited, and those generally used can be used. Among them, phenolic antioxidants, amine antioxidants, sulfur antioxidants, phosphorus antioxidants and the like are preferable, phenolic antioxidants and amine antioxidants that are radical chain inhibitors are more preferable, A phenolic antioxidant is particularly preferred.
- phenolic antioxidants examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol, 4,4-butylidenebis- (6-t-butyl-3-methylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis (4- Methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis- (4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 1,1,3-tris (2-Methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl) butane, n-octadecyl-3- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, triethylene glycol bis [3- (3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) Propionate], tris (3,5-
- amine antioxidants include alkyldiphenylamine, N, N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-N′-1,3-dimethylbutyl-p-phenylenediamine, and dialkylhydroxylamine. Is mentioned. Sulfur antioxidants include dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, ditridecyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, dimyristyl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, distearyl-3,3 ′. -Thiodipropionate, pentaerythrityltetrakis (3-laurylthiopropionate) and the like.
- Phosphorus antioxidants include tris [2-[[2,4,8,10-tetra-t-butylbenzo [d, f] [1,3,2] dioxaphosphin-6-yl] oxy. ] Ethyl] amine, bis [2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -6-methylphenyl] ethyl ester phosphorous acid, tetrakis (2,4-di-t-butylphenyl) [1,1- Biphenyl] -4,4′-diylbisphonite and the like. These antioxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lubricant is not particularly limited, and a commonly used lubricant can be used. Among these, metal soap lubricants, fatty acid ester lubricants, aliphatic hydrocarbon lubricants and the like are preferable, and metal soap lubricants are particularly preferable. Examples of the metal soap lubricant include barium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium stearate, and aluminum stearate. These may be used as a complex.
- benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers there is no restriction
- additives include defoamers, leveling agents, mold release agents, water repellents, flame retardants, low shrinkage agents, crosslinking aids, etc. for the purpose of improving hardness, strength, moldability, durability, and water resistance.
- the present invention can be used as necessary within a range not impairing the object or effect of the present invention.
- solvent in order to efficiently delaminate the synthetic smectite and disperse it in the resin composition.
- the solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, n-propylbenzene, and isopropylbenzene, acetates such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and butyl acetate, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone.
- Ketones such as methyl isobutyl ketone, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, (iso) propanol and butyl alcohol, halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and methylene chloride And nitrogen-containing solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, pyridine and acetonitrile. From the viewpoint of operability, water, alcohols such as methanol, toluene, xylene, and N-methylpyrrolidone are preferable.
- the ratio of the solvent to the synthetic smectite is about 100 to 10,000 parts by mass, more preferably 200 to 5,000 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the synthetic smectite, although it depends on the type of solvent.
- the ratio of the solvent is less than 100 parts by mass, the composition liquid viscosity of the mixture becomes high and it becomes difficult to mix uniformly.
- the thermal expansion coefficient was measured in a tensile mode using TMA / SS6100 manufactured by SII Nanotechnology.
- the film-shaped test piece has a thickness of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 12 mm (distance between chucks: 10 mm), tension: 0.001 kgf, and the temperature is raised to 250 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 5 ° C./min in an atmosphere of 100 mL / min. After that, the sample was allowed to cool to 50 ° C. or less, and the elongation rate of the test piece was measured again at a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min up to 50 to 250 ° C.
- the average thermal expansion coefficient in the plane direction between 50 and 250 ° C. was calculated from the difference in elongation between 50 ° C. and 250 ° C. and the temperature difference (200 ° C.). Moreover, the temperature of the discontinuity point of elongation rate was made into the glass transition temperature (Tg).
- Total light transmittance The total light transmittance was measured according to JIS K-7361-1 using a fully automatic haze meter TC-H3DPK manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku.
- Synthesis Example 1 Vinyl ester resin A four-necked flask equipped with a temperature controller, a stirrer, a Dimroth condenser, and an air introduction tube was charged with hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin ST-4000D (trade name, epoxy equivalent) manufactured by Tohto Kasei Co., Ltd. : 725) 276.3 parts (mass part, the same applies hereinafter), toluene 202.5 parts, 0.19 part of 4-methoxyphenol (MEHQ: hydroquinone monomethyl ether) as a polymerization inhibitor was charged, and dry air was blown in (20 ml / min), the mixture was heated to 80 ° C. and stirred until uniform.
- hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resin ST-4000D trade name, epoxy equivalent
- MEHQ 4-methoxyphenol
- Example 1 585 g of toluene was put in a 1 L polyethylene bottle, and oleophilic synthetic smectite treated with cation exchange with trioctylmethylammonium salt (synthetic smectite STN manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd .: number average particle diameter 50 nm, aspect ratio 50, inorganic component 71%) 65 g was added little by little while stirring with a stirrer. The bottle was further capped and stirred for 1 day at room temperature with a mix rotor to obtain a smectite dispersion.
- a toluene solution of oligomer (1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 (resin amount equivalent to 102.5 g), 18.9 g of methoxypolyethylene glycol # 400 acrylate (trade name: AM-90G) manufactured by Shin-Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. And stirred well to obtain a composition (1).
- the composition (1) was attached to an evaporator and stirred for 10 minutes at 20 kPa at room temperature to adjust the viscosity and remove gas components in the composition.
- This composition (1) was coated on a PET film (thickness 50 ⁇ m) with a bar coater so that the thickness after drying was 100 ⁇ m. After drying with a hot air dryer at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to volatilize the toluene solvent, it was further covered with a PET film (thickness 50 ⁇ m) from above. EB curing was performed at an EB irradiation amount of 300 kGy and an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, and the PET films on both sides were peeled off to obtain a sample film (1). The thermal expansion coefficient of this film was 20 ppm / ° C., and Tg was not observed. Further, the total light transmittance was 92%, and the haze was 0.8%.
- the film was cut into 5 cm squares and impregnated in a vat filled with 500 ml of acetone for 10 hours. After impregnation, the film was taken out and placed in an air circulation dryer at 80 ° C. to dry the solvent. The mass of the film after impregnation and drying with respect to the original film was reduced by 11.3%. Subsequently, when this film was put into a vacuum dryer and heated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.1 kPa or less to evaporate volatile components, the mass loss with respect to the original film remained at 0.7%.
- Example 2 The sample film (1) used in Example 1 was cut into a 5 cm square and impregnated in a vat filled with 500 ml of toluene for 10 hours. After impregnation, the film was taken out and placed in an air circulation dryer at 80 ° C. to dry the solvent. The mass of the film after solvent impregnation and drying with respect to the original film was reduced by 10.2%. Subsequently, when this film was put into a vacuum dryer and heated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.1 kPa or less to evaporate volatile components, the mass loss relative to the original film remained at 0.9%.
- Example 3 The sample film (1) used in Example 1 was cut into a 5 cm square, and this film was placed in a vacuum dryer and preheated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.1 kPa or less. The mass of the film after the preheating treatment with respect to the original film was reduced by 6.8%. Subsequently, when this film was again put into a vacuum dryer and heated at 200 ° C. for 1 hour under a reduced pressure of 0.1 kPa or less to evaporate volatile components, the mass loss with respect to the original film was only 0.8%.
- Comparative Example 1 The sample film (1) used in Example 1 was cut into a 5 cm square, and this film was put into a vacuum dryer without pretreatment (solvent impregnation / drying or preheating treatment) at 200 ° C. under a reduced pressure of 0.1 kPa or less. When the volatile matter was vaporized by heating for 1 hour, the mass decreased by 7.2% with respect to the original film.
- the film from which the volatile matter has been removed by the pretreatment can suppress the pressure in the vacuum container due to outgas during vacuum heating such as vapor deposition of the conductive thin film, and is very effective in the conductive thin film production process.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
[1]数平均粒径が10~300nmであり、アスペクト比が10~300である合成スメクタイトを4級有機アンモニウム塩及び/または4級有機ホスホニウム塩によって有機化処理する第1の工程と、前記有機化処理された合成スメクタイトと硬化性樹脂を混合し合成スメクタイトを10~40質量%含有する樹脂組成物を調製する第2の工程と、前記樹脂組成物を硬化し硬化物を得る第3の工程と、前記硬化物中に残留する有機揮発成分を除去する第4の工程とを有することを特徴とする透明複合材料の製造方法。
[2]前記有機揮発成分を除去する第4の工程が、溶剤による洗浄及び/または材料の加熱である前記1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[3]前記材料の加熱雰囲気が空気、不活性ガス、または真空減圧下のいずれかである前記2に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[4]前記合成スメクタイトが、合成ヘクトライト、合成サポナイト、及び合成スティーブンサイトから選択される1種以上である前記1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[5]前記4級有機アンモニウム塩が、ラウリルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、トリオクチルメチルアンモニウム塩、ジステアリルジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジ硬化牛脂ジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジステアリルジベンジルアンモニウム塩、及びN-ポリオキシエチレン-N-ラウリル-N,N-ジメチルアンモニウム塩の1種以上から選択される前記1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[6]前記合成スメクタイトの末端水酸基を表面改質剤によって処理する工程を第2の工程前に有する前記1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[7]硬化性樹脂がアリルエステル樹脂及び/またはビニルエステル樹脂である前記1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[8]前記表面改質剤が、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤、グリシジル化合物、及びイソシアネート化合物から選択されるものである前記6に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[9]前記樹脂組成物を調製する第2の工程において溶剤をさらに添加する前記1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
[10]前記1乃至9のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造された透明複合材料。
[11]前記10に記載の透明複合材料を基材とする表示装置。
[12]前記表示装置が、液晶ディスプレイ、有機ELディスプレイ、または電子ペーパーである前記11に記載の表示装置。
[13]前記10に記載の透明複合材料を基材とする太陽電池用基板。
本発明の透明複合材料は、数平均粒径が10~300nmであり、アスペクト比が10~300である合成スメクタイトが樹脂硬化物中に分散しているものである。一般的には前記合成スメクタイトを樹脂組成物と混合し、硬化して得ることができる。
本発明の透明複合材料の製造方法は、数平均粒径が10~300nmであり、アスペクト比が10~300である合成スメクタイトを4級有機アンモニウム塩及び/または4級有機ホスホニウム塩によって有機化処理する第1の工程と、前記有機化処理された合成スメクタイトと硬化性樹脂を混合し合成スメクタイトを10~40質量%含有する樹脂組成物を調製する第2の工程と、前記樹脂組成物を硬化し硬化物を得る第3の工程と、前記硬化物中に残留する有機揮発成分を除去する第4の工程とを有することを特徴とする。
合成スメクタイト、樹脂組成物、溶剤の混合液は減圧することにより脱気・濃縮し、混合液の粘度を塗工に最適な粘度に調整する。混合液粘度は特に限定されないが、成形する方法に適した粘度であることが好ましい。例えば、ロールコーティング法及びドクターナイフ法の場合は25℃における粘度が0.01~1,000Pa・sの範囲であることが好ましい。粘度が0.01Pa・sより低い、または1,000Pa・sより高いと作業性が悪くなり好ましくない。常温での粘度が高い場合は混合液の温度を上げて作業性を改善することができる。また、減圧時間が短い場合には、混合液中の気体を十分に除去することができず、塗工、乾燥、硬化時に気泡が発生し平滑な透明シートを作成することが困難となる。
[合成スメクタイト]
本発明に用いられる合成スメクタイトは、数平均粒径が10~300nmであり、アスペクト比が10~300である合成スメクタイトであれば特に限定されない。
本発明の樹脂組成物においては、合成スメクタイトを含んだその硬化物(3次元架橋反応後のもの)が透明であれば、従来の熱硬化性樹脂組成物、光硬化性樹脂組成物等の硬化性樹脂組成物を使用することができる。具体的には、アリルエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、架橋型(多官能基を有する)アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、熱硬化型変性ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、熱硬化型ポリイミド樹脂、ケイ素樹脂、ベンゾオキサジン樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ユリア樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ビスマレイミドトリアジン樹脂、アルキド樹脂、フラン樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、アニリン樹脂等を含む組成物が挙げられる。なかでも、アリルエステル樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂などのラジカル重合によって架橋反応が進行するラジカル反応性3次元架橋型樹脂を含む組成物が好適である。また、上記硬化性樹脂以外の成分として、後述する反応性モノマー、硬化剤、添加剤、その他ラジカル反応性の樹脂成分等を含有してもよい。
アリルエステル樹脂は、アリル基またはメタリル基(以降、この両者をあわせて(メタ)アリル基と言う場合がある。)とエステル構造を有する化合物を含有する。
で示される化合物の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種以上の化合物が挙げられる。この化合物は後述するアリルエステルオリゴマーの原料となるほか、反応性希釈剤(反応性モノマー)として本発明のアリルエステル樹脂組成物に含まれてもよい。一般式(1)中のA1は後述の一般式(2)及び(3)におけるA2、A3と同様のものが好ましい。
で示される基を末端基として有し、かつ下記一般式(3)
で示される構造を構成単位として有する化合物が好ましい。
ビニルエステル樹脂は、エポキシ(メタ)アクリレートとも呼ばれ、一般に(1)エポキシ樹脂に代表されるエポキシ化合物と、(メタ)アクリル酸等のラジカル重合性の炭素-炭素二重結合(エチレン性不飽和基)を有するカルボキシル化合物のカルボキシル基との開環反応により合成されるエチレン性不飽和基を有する樹脂、または(2)カルボキシル基を持つ化合物と、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート等の分子内にエポキシ基を持つ重合性不飽和化合物のエポキシ基との開環反応により合成される重合性不飽和基を有する樹脂を指す。詳しくは「ポリエステル樹脂ハンドブック」,日刊工業新聞社,1988年発行,第336~357頁などに記載されている。このビニルエステル樹脂は公知の方法により製造することができる。
ただし、合成スメクタイトとのなじみがよく、より高い透明性が得られるという点では芳香環構造を有しない硬化性樹脂がより好ましい。
本発明では、樹脂組成物に、硬化速度のコントロール、粘度調整(作業性の改善)、架橋密度の向上、機能付加等を目的として反応性モノマーを加えることもできる。これらの反応性モノマーとしては特に制限はなく、種々のものが使用できるが、3次元架橋型樹脂組成物と反応させるためにはビニル基、アリル基等のラジカル重合性の炭素-炭素二重結合(エチレン性不飽和基)を有するモノマーが好ましい。このようなモノマーとして一分子中に一個のエチレン性不飽和基を有する単官能モノマー、一分子中に二個以上のエチレン性不飽和基を有する多官能モノマーが挙げられる。これら反応性モノマーの好ましい具体例を以下に示す。なお、「(メタ)アクリレート」はアクリレート及びメタクリレートを表す。
樹脂組成物の硬化は、電子線(EB)照射による硬化が好ましいが、紫外線(UV)照射または熱硬化することも可能である。UVまたは熱硬化させる場合には、硬化剤を使用してもよい。使用できる硬化剤としては特に制限はなく、一般に重合性樹脂の硬化剤として用いられているものを用いることができる。中でも、(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基の重合開始の点からラジカル重合開始剤を添加することが望ましい。ラジカル重合開始剤としては、光重合開始剤、有機過酸化物、アゾ化合物等が挙げられる。本発明の3次元架橋型樹脂組成物をUV硬化させる点からは光重合開始剤が特に好ましい。
本発明では、樹脂組成物に酸化防止剤、滑剤、紫外線吸収剤などの種々の添加剤を必要に応じて添加することができる。
本発明においては、合成スメクタイトを効率的に層剥離させ、樹脂組成物中に分散させるために溶剤を使用することが好ましい。溶剤としては、例えばベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、メシチレン、n-プロピルベンゼン、イソプロピルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル等の酢酸エステル類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン等のケトン類、ジエチルエーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン等のエーテル類、メタノール、エタノール、(イソ)プロパノール、ブチルアルコール等のアルコール類、クロロホルム、塩化メチレン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、ピリジン、アセトニトリル等の含窒素系溶剤等が挙げられる。好ましくは、操作性の観点から水、メタノール等のアルコール類、トルエン、キシレン、N-メチルピロリドンが挙げられる。
熱膨張係数は、エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー社製TMA/SS6100を使用し、引張モードで測定を行った。フィルム状試験片は、厚さ100μm×3mm×12mm(チャック間距離10mm)、張力:0.001kgfとし、窒素を100mL/minの雰囲気下で昇温速度5℃/minで250℃まで温度を上げた後、50℃以下まで放冷し、再度、昇温速度5℃/minで50~250℃までの間で、試験片の伸長率を測定した。50℃と250℃との伸長率差と温度差(200℃)とから50~250℃の間の面方向の平均熱膨張係数を計算した。また、伸長率の不連続点の温度をガラス転移温度(Tg)とした。
全光線透過率は、東京電色社製全自動ヘーズメーターTC-H3DPKを使用し、JIS K-7361-1に準拠して測定した。
ヘーズ値は、東京電色社製全自動ヘーズメーターTC-H3DPKを使用し、JIS K-7136に準拠して測定した。
温度調節器、撹拌装置、ジムロート冷却管、空気導入管を付した四つ口フラスコに、東都化成社製水添ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂 ST-4000D(商品名、エポキシ当量:725)276.3部(質量部,以下同じ)、トルエン202.5部、重合禁止剤として4-メトキシフェノール(MEHQ:ハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル)を0.19部仕込み、乾燥空気を吹き込み(20ml/min)ながら80℃に昇温し均一になるまで撹拌した。均一になったところでクラレ社製アクリル酸27.5部、触媒として塩化ベンジルトリフェニルホスホニウム(北興化学工業社製、商品名TPP-ZC)を1.24部加え110℃で温度調整しながら7時間反応させ、酸価が7.8mgKOH/gのところで終了し、オリゴマー(1)(トルエン溶液)を得た。
1Lポリエチレンボトルにトルエン585gを入れ、そこにトリオクチルメチルアンモニウム塩でカチオン交換処理された親油性合成スメクタイト(コープケミカル社製合成スメクタイトSTN:数平均粒子径50nm、アスペクト比50、無機成分71%)65gをスターラーで撹拌しつつ少量ずつ加えた。さらにボトルにふたをし、ミックスローターにて室温下、1日間撹拌し、スメクタイト分散液を得た。このスメクタイト分散液に合成例1で得たオリゴマー(1)のトルエン溶液(樹脂量換算102.5g分)、新中村化学社製メトキシポリエチレングリコール#400アクリレート(商品名:AM-90G)18.9gを加え、十分撹拌し組成物(1)とした。組成物(1)をエバポレーターに取り付け、室温下20kPaにて10分間撹拌し、粘度調整及び組成物中のガス成分を除去した。
実施例1で使用したサンプルフィルム(1)を5cm角に切り取り、500mlのトルエンで満たしたバットの中に10時間含浸した。含浸後フィルムを取り出し、80℃の空気循環式乾燥機に入れ溶剤を乾燥させた。元のフィルムに対して溶剤含浸・乾燥後のフィルムはその質量が10.2%減少していた。続いてこのフィルムを真空乾燥機に入れ0.1kPa以下の減圧下で200℃で1時間加熱し揮発分を気化させたところ、元フィルムに対する質量減少は0.9%に留まった。
実施例1で使用したサンプルフィルム(1)を5cm角に切り取り、このフィルムを真空乾燥機中に置き、0.1kPa以下の減圧下、200℃で一時間予備加熱処理した。元のフィルムに対して予備加熱処理後のフィルムはその質量が6.8%減少していた。続いてこのフィルムを再度真空乾燥機に入れ0.1kPa以下の減圧下で200℃で1時間加熱し揮発分を気化させたところ、元フィルムに対する質量減少は0.8%に留まった。
実施例1で使用したサンプルフィルム(1)を5cm角に切り取り、このフィルムを前処理(溶剤含浸・乾燥または予備加熱処理)なしで真空乾燥機に入れ0.1kPa以下の減圧下で200℃で1時間加熱し揮発分を気化させたところ、質量が元フィルムに対して7.2%減少した。
Claims (13)
- 数平均粒径が10~300nmであり、アスペクト比が10~300である合成スメクタイトを4級有機アンモニウム塩及び/または4級有機ホスホニウム塩によって有機化処理する第1の工程と、前記有機化処理された合成スメクタイトと硬化性樹脂を混合し合成スメクタイトを10~40質量%含有する樹脂組成物を調製する第2の工程と、前記樹脂組成物を硬化し硬化物を得る第3の工程と、前記硬化物中に残留する有機揮発成分を除去する第4の工程とを有することを特徴とする透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記有機揮発成分を除去する第4の工程が、溶剤による洗浄及び/または材料の加熱である請求項1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記材料の加熱を空気または不活性ガスの雰囲気下、あるいは真空減圧下のいずれかで行う請求項2に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記合成スメクタイトが、合成ヘクトライト、合成サポナイト、及び合成スティーブンサイトから選択される1種以上である請求項1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記4級有機アンモニウム塩が、ラウリルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、ステアリルトリメチルアンモニウム塩、トリオクチルメチルアンモニウム塩、ジステアリルジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジ硬化牛脂ジメチルアンモニウム塩、ジステアリルジベンジルアンモニウム塩、及びN-ポリオキシエチレン-N-ラウリル-N,N-ジメチルアンモニウム塩の1種以上から選択される請求項1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記合成スメクタイトの末端水酸基を表面改質剤によって処理する工程を第2の工程前に有する請求項1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 硬化性樹脂がアリルエステル樹脂及び/またはビニルエステル樹脂である請求項1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記表面改質剤が、シランカップリング剤、チタネートカップリング剤、グリシジル化合物、及びイソシアネート化合物から選択されるものである請求項6に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 前記樹脂組成物を調製する第2の工程において溶剤をさらに添加する請求項1に記載の透明複合材料の製造方法。
- 請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の製造方法により製造された透明複合材料。
- 請求項10に記載の透明複合材料を基材とする表示装置。
- 前記表示装置が、液晶ディスプレイ、有機ELディスプレイ、または電子ペーパーである請求項11に記載の表示装置。
- 請求項10に記載の透明複合材料を基材とする太陽電池用基板。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/937,844 US8163842B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-13 | Transparent composite material and process for producing the same |
| JP2010508197A JPWO2009128414A1 (ja) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-13 | 透明複合材料及びその製造方法 |
| EP09733354A EP2270059A4 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-13 | TRANSPARENT COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| CN2009801113127A CN101981071A (zh) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-13 | 透明复合材料及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008104768 | 2008-04-14 | ||
| JP2008-104768 | 2008-04-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009128414A1 true WO2009128414A1 (ja) | 2009-10-22 |
Family
ID=41199106
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/057427 Ceased WO2009128414A1 (ja) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-13 | 透明複合材料及びその製造方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8163842B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2270059A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2009128414A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20110003473A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101981071A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW201005016A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009128414A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013228656A (ja) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-11-07 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 光学フィルム、光学シート、面発光体及び光学シートの製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103788723B (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-06-24 | 新疆大学 | 改性皂石、聚乳酸/黄腐植酸季铵盐改性皂石复合材料及其制备方法和制品 |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000109526A (ja) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-18 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | 人造大理石用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた人造大理石成形品 |
| JP2007118579A (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-05-17 | Fujifilm Corp | 平版印刷版原版および平版印刷方法 |
| JP2007182519A (ja) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | アンチブロッキング性光硬化性樹脂組成物、それを基材上に被覆硬化したアンチブロッキング性構造体およびその製法 |
| JP2007268711A (ja) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Teijin Dupont Films Japan Ltd | フレキシブルディスプレイ基板用積層ポリエステルフィルム |
| WO2008010610A1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Showa Denko K.K. | Transparent composite material |
| JP2008045121A (ja) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-02-28 | Showa Denko Kk | 透明複合材料 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4874728A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1989-10-17 | United Catalyst Inc. | Organophilic clay modified with silane compounds |
| WO2003018477A1 (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2003-03-06 | Southern Clay Products, Inc. | Methods for making synthetic smectites |
| KR100704320B1 (ko) * | 2002-02-06 | 2007-04-10 | 세키스이가가쿠 고교가부시키가이샤 | 수지 조성물 |
| CN1914239B (zh) | 2004-01-30 | 2010-05-05 | 新日铁化学株式会社 | 固化性树脂组合物 |
| US7704671B2 (en) | 2005-09-27 | 2010-04-27 | Fujifilm Corporation | Lithographic printing plate precursor and lithographic printing method |
-
2009
- 2009-04-13 WO PCT/JP2009/057427 patent/WO2009128414A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2009-04-13 JP JP2010508197A patent/JPWO2009128414A1/ja active Pending
- 2009-04-13 KR KR1020107020575A patent/KR20110003473A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-04-13 EP EP09733354A patent/EP2270059A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-04-13 TW TW098112187A patent/TW201005016A/zh unknown
- 2009-04-13 CN CN2009801113127A patent/CN101981071A/zh active Pending
- 2009-04-13 US US12/937,844 patent/US8163842B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000109526A (ja) * | 1998-10-09 | 2000-04-18 | Showa Highpolymer Co Ltd | 人造大理石用樹脂組成物及びそれを用いた人造大理石成形品 |
| JP2007118579A (ja) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-05-17 | Fujifilm Corp | 平版印刷版原版および平版印刷方法 |
| JP2007182519A (ja) * | 2006-01-10 | 2007-07-19 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | アンチブロッキング性光硬化性樹脂組成物、それを基材上に被覆硬化したアンチブロッキング性構造体およびその製法 |
| JP2007268711A (ja) | 2006-03-30 | 2007-10-18 | Teijin Dupont Films Japan Ltd | フレキシブルディスプレイ基板用積層ポリエステルフィルム |
| WO2008010610A1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-01-24 | Showa Denko K.K. | Transparent composite material |
| JP2008045121A (ja) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-02-28 | Showa Denko Kk | 透明複合材料 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| "Particle Diameter Measuring Techniques", 1994, THE SOCIETY OF POWDER TECHNOLOGY, JAPAN, article "Ryushi-kei Keisoku Gijutsu", pages: 169 - 179 |
| "Polyester Jushi Handbook", 1988, NIKKAN KOGYO SHIMBUN, LTD., pages: 336 - 357 |
| HARUO SHIROZU: "Clay Mineralogy, Basis of Clay Science", 1988, ASAKURA PUBLISHING CO., LTD., article "Nendokobutsu-gaku, Nendo Kagaku no Kiso", pages: 98 - 100 |
| See also references of EP2270059A4 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013228656A (ja) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-11-07 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 光学フィルム、光学シート、面発光体及び光学シートの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101981071A (zh) | 2011-02-23 |
| EP2270059A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
| US20110040015A1 (en) | 2011-02-17 |
| US8163842B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 |
| EP2270059A4 (en) | 2011-06-29 |
| JPWO2009128414A1 (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
| KR20110003473A (ko) | 2011-01-12 |
| TW201005016A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5186556B2 (ja) | 硬化フィルム及びその製造方法 | |
| US8518524B2 (en) | Transparent composite material | |
| JP5075849B2 (ja) | 透明複合材料 | |
| WO2010110406A1 (ja) | 透明複合材料 | |
| JP2008045121A (ja) | 透明複合材料 | |
| WO2009128414A1 (ja) | 透明複合材料及びその製造方法 | |
| WO2010110407A1 (ja) | 透明複合材料 | |
| JP2009129802A (ja) | 透明導電性基板 | |
| JP2013049792A (ja) | 透明複合材料及び透明フィルムの製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200980111312.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 09733354 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010508197 Country of ref document: JP |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20107020575 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12937844 Country of ref document: US |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2009733354 Country of ref document: EP |