WO2009113168A1 - 三次元加工用加飾シート - Google Patents
三次元加工用加飾シート Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009113168A1 WO2009113168A1 PCT/JP2008/054525 JP2008054525W WO2009113168A1 WO 2009113168 A1 WO2009113168 A1 WO 2009113168A1 JP 2008054525 W JP2008054525 W JP 2008054525W WO 2009113168 A1 WO2009113168 A1 WO 2009113168A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- decorative sheet
- layer
- meth
- resin
- thermoplastic resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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- B29C45/14688—Coating articles provided with a decoration
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to interior materials or exterior materials for vehicles such as automobiles, construction members such as skirting boards and circular edges, furniture such as window frames and door frames, interior materials for buildings such as walls, floors, and ceilings, and television receivers.
- the present invention relates to a decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing used in a decorative molded body for uses such as housings and containers of home appliances such as air conditioners.
- seat which decorated the surface of adherends, such as a resin molding, is used for various uses.
- a decorative molded body whose surface is decorated by this decorative sheet molding method is obtained. Therefore, since the decorative sheet used in this manufacturing method is decorated by extending the sheet, molding performance that does not cause cracks on the surface by molding is required, and at the same time, from the viewpoint of use of the molded product, scratch resistance Also, good solvent resistance and the like are required.
- Patent Document 1 a laminated sheet for covering the surface of an injection molded article obtained by laminating a clear cured layer of a crosslinkable composition having a specific glass transition temperature and crosslink density on a sheet-like base material of a thermoplastic resin.
- a laminated sheet having a breaking elongation of 30 to 300% has been proposed.
- the breaking elongation of 30 to 300% is not satisfactory, and a sheet that can be stretched by 300% or more has poor mold separation, scratch resistance, The fact is that the solvent resistance is also poor. Therefore, further improvements in formability during three-dimensional processing, mold separation, scratch resistance, solvent resistance, and the like are required.
- the present invention is a three-dimensional that has good moldability, good mold separation, no cracks, scratches, etc. on the surface due to molding, and improved scratch resistance and solvent resistance. It is an object to provide a decorative sheet for processing.
- the present inventors have found that the above-described problems can be solved by improving the surface protective layer.
- the present invention has been completed based on such findings. That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows. 1. A decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing formed by laminating at least a surface protective layer on a support, wherein the decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing is at a temperature 40 ° C higher than the thermal deformation temperature of the support according to ASTM D648 method.
- a decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing comprising: 2. 2. The three-dimensional processing according to 1 above, wherein the storage elastic modulus of the surface protective layer at 140 ° C. measured under the following measurement conditions is in the range of 7.7 ⁇ 10 5 to 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 Pa. Decorative sheet.
- the decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing of the present invention has good moldability and good mold separation, does not cause cracks or scratches on the surface by molding, and has high scratch resistance and solvent resistance.
- Drawing 1 is a mimetic diagram showing the section of the 1st embodiment of the decoration sheet for three-dimensional processing of the present invention.
- the decorative sheet 10 for three-dimensional processing of the present invention is formed by laminating at least a surface protective layer 12 on a support 11.
- the stretchability of the decorative sheet 10 of the present invention is greatly affected by the stretchability of the support 11. Therefore, it is required that the decorative sheet 10 has a breaking elongation exceeding 300% at a temperature 40 ° C. higher than the thermal deformation temperature of the support 11 by the ASTM D648 method. This is for preventing surface cracks or cracks of the decorative sheet 10 in the three-dimensional processing of a complicated shape.
- the support body 11 used for the decorative sheet 10 of the present invention may be either a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the surface protective layer 12 provided on the decorative sheet 10 of the present invention has a film thickness of 0.2 to 6.0 ⁇ m. This is because if the film thickness is less than 0.2 ⁇ m, the scratch resistance and solvent resistance decrease, and if it exceeds 6.0 ⁇ m, the moldability, elongation at break and scratch resistance decrease. From this viewpoint, a film thickness of 0.7 to 6.0 ⁇ m is preferable.
- FIG. 2 to 5 are schematic views showing cross sections of other embodiments of the decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing of the present invention.
- the decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- a transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 is further provided between the support 11 and the surface protective layer 12.
- a second thermoplastic resin layer 14 is further provided between the support 11 and the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13.
- an adhesive layer 16, a printing layer 15, a transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13, a primer layer 17, and a surface protective layer are formed on a support 11. 12 are laminated.
- the printing layer 15 may be laminated on either the front side or the back side of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13, or may be laminated on the surface of the support 11.
- the 5th embodiment of the decorating sheet 10 of this invention described in FIG. 5 is adhesive layer 16b on the support body 11, the 2nd thermoplastic resin layer 14, the printing layer 15, and adhesive layer 16a.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13, the primer layer 17, and the surface protective layer 12 are laminated.
- the printing layer 15 may be laminated on either the front side or the back side of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13.
- the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 is transparent or translucent, the printing layer 15 may be laminated on the surface of the support 11 or the back side of the second thermoplastic resin layer 14.
- the same material may be used for the adhesive layers 16a and 16b, or they may be different.
- the surface protective layer 12 needs to be formed by crosslinking and curing an ionizing radiation curable resin composition in order to achieve a scratch- and solvent-resistant surface protective function.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin is a resin having an energy quantum capable of crosslinking and polymerizing molecules in an electromagnetic wave or a charged particle beam, that is, a resin that is crosslinked and cured by irradiation with ultraviolet rays or electron beams. Point to. Specifically, it can be appropriately selected from polymerizable monomers, polymerizable oligomers, or prepolymers conventionally used as ionizing radiation curable resins.
- the surface protective layer 12 preferably has a storage elastic modulus in the range of 7.7 ⁇ 10 5 to 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
- the storage elastic modulus is 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 Pa or less, the surface protective layer can be molded without cracking during vacuum molding.
- the higher the storage elastic modulus in the rubber state the lower the average molecular weight between cross-linking points, that is, the higher the cross-linking density, so that the surface scratch resistance, solvent resistance, etc. are improved. Therefore, if the storage elastic modulus is within this range, a well-decorated decorative sheet can be obtained that satisfies a high level of moldability and surface scratch resistance after the surface protective layer is formed.
- a (meth) acrylate monomer having a radical polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule is preferable, and among them, a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate having two or more functions is preferable.
- (meth) acrylate means “acrylate or methacrylate”, and other similar ones have the same meaning.
- the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate is not particularly limited as long as it is a (meth) acrylate having two or more ethylenically unsaturated bonds in the molecule.
- a monofunctional (meth) acrylate can be used in combination with the polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, for the purpose of reducing the viscosity.
- monofunctional (meth) acrylates include methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, pentyl (meth) acrylate, hexyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl ( Examples include meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, and isobornyl (meth) acrylate. These monofunctional (meth) acrylates may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- an oligomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule such as an epoxy (meth) acrylate, urethane ( Examples include meth) acrylates, polyester (meth) acrylates, and polyether (meth) acrylates.
- the epoxy (meth) acrylate oligomer can be obtained, for example, by reacting (meth) acrylic acid with an oxirane ring of a relatively low molecular weight bisphenol type epoxy resin or novolak type epoxy resin and esterifying it. .
- a carboxyl-modified epoxy (meth) acrylate oligomer obtained by partially modifying this epoxy (meth) acrylate oligomer with a dibasic carboxylic acid anhydride can also be used.
- the urethane (meth) acrylate oligomer can be obtained, for example, by esterifying, with (meth) acrylic acid, a polyurethane oligomer obtained by a reaction between polyether polyol or polyester polyol and polyisocyanate.
- polyester (meth) acrylate oligomers examples include esterification of hydroxyl groups of polyester oligomers having hydroxyl groups at both ends obtained by condensation of polyvalent carboxylic acids and polyhydric alcohols with (meth) acrylic acid, It can be obtained by esterifying the terminal hydroxyl group of an oligomer obtained by adding an alkylene oxide to a carboxylic acid with (meth) acrylic acid.
- the polyether (meth) acrylate oligomer can be obtained by esterifying the hydroxyl group of the polyether polyol with (meth) acrylic acid.
- polymerizable oligomers include polybutadiene (meth) acrylate oligomers with high hydrophobicity that have (meth) acrylate groups in the side chain of polybutadiene oligomers, and silicone (meth) acrylate oligomers that have polysiloxane bonds in the main chain.
- silicone (meth) acrylate oligomers that have polysiloxane bonds in the main chain.
- a molecule such as an aminoplast resin (meth) acrylate oligomer modified with an aminoplast resin having many reactive groups in a small molecule, or a novolak epoxy resin, bisphenol epoxy resin, aliphatic vinyl ether, aromatic vinyl ether, etc.
- oligomers having a cationic polymerizable functional group There are oligomers having a cationic polymerizable functional group.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin When an ultraviolet curable resin is used as the ionizing radiation curable resin, it is desirable to add about 0.1 to 5 parts by mass of the photopolymerization initiator with respect to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- the initiator for photopolymerization can be appropriately selected from those conventionally used and is not particularly limited. For example, for a polymerizable monomer or polymerizable oligomer having a radically polymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule.
- Benzoin benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin isopropyl ether, benzoin-n-butyl ether, benzoin isobutyl ether, acetophenone, dimethylaminoacetophenone, 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2 -Phenylacetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenylpropan-1-one, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholino-propane-1 -Oh 4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl-2 (hydroxy-2-propyl) ketone, benzophenone, p-phenylbenzophenone, 4,4′-diethylaminobenzophenone, dichlorobenzophenone, 2-methylanthraquinone, 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2
- polymerizable oligomer having a cationic polymerizable functional group in the molecule examples include aromatic sulfonium salts, aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic iodonium salts, metallocene compounds, and benzoin sulfonic acid esters.
- photosensitizers examples include p-dimethylbenzoic acid esters, tertiary amines, and thiol sensitizers.
- an electron beam curable resin composition as the ionizing radiation curable resin composition according to the present invention. This is because the electron beam curable resin composition can be made solvent-free, is more preferable from the viewpoint of environment and health, and does not require a photopolymerization initiator and can provide stable curing characteristics.
- the ionizing radiation curable resin composition is preferably a resin composition containing an ionizing radiation curable resin and a thermoplastic resin in a ratio (mass ratio) of 75:25 to 20:80. Within this range, the balance of formability, scratch resistance and solvent resistance after cross-linking and curing to form the surface protective layer is good.
- the mass ratio of the ionizing radiation curable resin to the thermoplastic resin is more preferably in the range of 60:40 to 20:80, and particularly preferably in the range of 60:40 to 25:75.
- thermoplastic resin used in the ionizing radiation curable resin composition examples include (meth) acrylic resins such as poly (meth) acrylic acid esters, polyvinyl acetals (butyral resin) such as polyvinyl butyral, polyethylene terephthalate, Polyester resins such as polybutylene terephthalate, vinyl chloride resins, urethane resins, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, styrene resins such as polystyrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene, acetal resins such as polyamide, polycarbonate and polyoxymethylene, ethylene-4 fluorine Fluorine resin such as fluorinated ethylene copolymer, polyimide, polylactic acid, polyvinyl acetal resin, liquid crystalline polyester resin, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. It may be. When combining 2 or more types, the copolymer of the monomer which comprises these resin may be
- thermoplastic resins those having a (meth) acrylic resin as a main component are preferred in the present invention, and in particular, those obtained by polymerizing a monomer containing at least a (meth) acrylic acid ester as a monomer component. preferable. More specifically, a homopolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester, a copolymer of two or more different (meth) acrylic acid ester monomers, or a copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester and other monomers Is preferred.
- examples of the (meth) acrylic acid ester include methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, and propyl methacrylate.
- methyl methacrylate is the most. preferable.
- examples of the copolymer of two or more different (meth) acrylic acid ester monomers include a copolymer of two or more (meth) acrylic acid esters selected from those exemplified above. Also in the polymer, those having methyl methacrylate as a main component are preferable. That is, a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and another (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer is preferable, and a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate, a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and ethyl methacrylate, and the like are exemplified. .
- a copolymer of methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate is most preferable from the viewpoint of effects.
- These copolymers may be random copolymers or block copolymers.
- the structural unit derived from other (meth) acrylic acid ester monomers with respect to 100 moles of the structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 200 mol.
- the structural unit derived from another (meth) acrylic acid ester monomer is within the above range with respect to 100 moles of the structural unit derived from methyl methacrylate, the scratch resistance and the solvent resistance are improved.
- the copolymer of (meth) acrylate and other monomer is not particularly limited as long as the other monomer can be copolymerized with (meth) acrylate, but in the present invention, ( (Meth) acrylic acid, styrene, (anhydrous) maleic acid, fumaric acid, divinylbenzene, vinylbiphenyl, vinylnaphthalene, diphenylethylene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, butadiene, isoprene, isobutene , Cycloaliphatic olefin monomers such as 1-butene, 2-butene, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dicyclopentadiene, ethylidene norbornene, norbornene, maleimides such as vinylcaprolactam, citraconic anhydride, N-phenylmaleimide , Vinyl ether And the like, particularly styl
- a binary copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester and styrene or (anhydrous) maleic acid or a terpolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester, styrene and (anhydrous) maleic acid is preferable.
- the copolymer of (meth) acrylic acid ester and another monomer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer.
- the copolymer of the (meth) acrylic acid ester and styrene and / or (anhydrous) maleic acid styrene and / or (/) with respect to 100 mol of the structural unit derived from the (meth) acrylic acid ester.
- the structural unit derived from maleic anhydride is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 200 mol.
- the (meth) acrylic resin preferably has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 60,000 to 150,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is within this range, the moldability after crosslinking and curing to form the surface protective layer, and the surface scratch resistance and solvent resistance can all be obtained at a high level.
- the weight average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- a high-speed GPC apparatus manufactured by Tosoh Corporation was used.
- the column used was TSKgel ⁇ M (trade name) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- the solvent was N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), and the measurement was performed at a column temperature of 40 ° C. and a flow rate of 0.5 cc / min.
- the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution in the present invention were converted to polystyrene.
- various additives can be mix
- the additive include a weather resistance improver, a scratch resistance improver, a polymerization inhibitor, a crosslinking agent, an infrared absorber, an antistatic agent, an adhesion improver, a leveling agent, a thixotropic agent, a coupling agent, A plasticizer, an antifoamer, a filler, a solvent, a coloring agent, etc. are mentioned.
- the weather resistance improving agent an ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer can be used as the weather resistance improving agent.
- the ultraviolet absorber may be either inorganic or organic.
- organic ultraviolet absorber titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide or the like having an average particle size of about 5 to 120 nm can be preferably used.
- organic ultraviolet absorbers include benzotriazoles, specifically 2- (2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert- And amylphenyl) benzotriazole, 3- [3- (benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl] propionic acid ester of polyethylene glycol, and the like.
- examples of light stabilizers include hindered amines, specifically 2- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) -2′-n-butylmalonate bis (1,2,2). , 6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl), bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, tetrakis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)- 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate and the like.
- the ultraviolet absorber or light stabilizer a reactive ultraviolet absorber or light stabilizer having a polymerizable group such as a (meth) acryloyl group in the molecule can be used.
- Examples of the scratch resistance improver include spherical particles such as ⁇ -alumina, silica, kaolinite, iron oxide, diamond, and silicon carbide as inorganic substances.
- Examples of the particle shape include a sphere, an ellipsoid, a polyhedron, a scale shape, and the like. Although there is no particular limitation, a spherical shape is preferable.
- Examples of organic substances include waxes such as polyethylene wax, and synthetic resin beads such as crosslinked acrylic resin and polycarbonate resin. The particle size is usually about 30 to 200% of the film thickness.
- spherical ⁇ -alumina is particularly preferable because it has high hardness and a large effect on improving scratch resistance, and it is relatively easy to obtain spherical particles.
- the polymerization inhibitor include hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, pyrogallol, and t-butylcatechol.
- the crosslinking agent include a polyisocyanate compound, an epoxy compound, a metal chelate compound, an aziridine compound, and an oxazoline compound. Used.
- the filler for example, barium sulfate, talc, clay, calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide and the like are used.
- the colorant examples include known coloring pigments such as quinacridone red, isoindolinone yellow, phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine green, titanium oxide, and carbon black.
- the infrared absorber for example, a dithiol metal complex, a phthalocyanine compound, a diimmonium compound, or the like is used.
- various additives may be added for various functions such as high hardness and scratch resistance.
- a so-called hard coat function, anti-fogging coat function, anti-fouling coating function, anti-glare coating function, anti-reflection coating function, ultraviolet shielding coating function, infrared shielding coating function and the like can be imparted.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 laminated on demand for the purpose of expanding the design effect or the like on the decorative sheet 10 of the present invention is selected in consideration of transparency and suitability for vacuum forming.
- the resin film made of a plastic resin is preferably formed of a single layer sheet or a multilayer sheet single layer or multilayer of the same or different resins.
- thermoplastic resin used for the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 examples include acrylic resins, polyolefin resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene, polycarbonate resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resins (hereinafter referred to as “ABS resins”), polyethylene terephthalate resins, poly Polyester resins such as butylene terephthalate resin, vinyl chloride resin, cycloolefin resin, polyimide resin and the like are used.
- acrylic resin, polypropylene resin, polyethylene resin, polycarbonate resin, ABS resin or polyester resin are preferable in terms of transparency and moldability.
- acrylic resins examples include polymethyl (meth) acrylate, polyethyl (meth) acrylate, polybutyl (meth) acrylate, methyl (meth) acrylate-butyl (meth) acrylate copolymer, methyl (meth) acrylate-styrene copolymer
- An acrylic resin such as (meth) acrylate refers to acrylate or methacrylate.
- the thickness of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 is selected according to the use, but is usually about 20 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and preferably about 50 to 500 ⁇ m in consideration of cost and the like.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 has a physical or chemical surface treatment such as an oxidation method or an unevenness method on one or both sides as desired in order to improve the adhesion with the layer provided thereon.
- a physical or chemical surface treatment such as an oxidation method or an unevenness method on one or both sides as desired in order to improve the adhesion with the layer provided thereon.
- the oxidation method include corona discharge treatment, chromium oxidation treatment, flame treatment, hot air treatment, ozone / ultraviolet treatment method, and examples of the unevenness method include a sand blast method and a solvent treatment method.
- These surface treatments are appropriately selected depending on the type of substrate, but generally, a corona discharge treatment method is preferably used from the viewpoints of effects and operability.
- the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 may be subjected to a treatment such as forming a primer layer 17 if desired, and a coating for adjusting the color or a pattern from a design viewpoint is formed in advance as the printing layer 15. May be.
- the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 laminated on the decorative sheet 10 of the present invention as desired is typically a single layer sheet of a resin film made of a thermoplastic resin or a multilayer sheet single layer of the same or different resin. Or it is preferable to form with a multilayer.
- the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 may be provided as a colored thermoplastic resin layer for the purpose of imparting concealment or aiming at a design effect, or a transparent or translucent thermoplastic resin aiming at another design effect. It may be provided as a layer.
- the thermoplastic resin used for the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 include the same ones as the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13.
- As a coloring agent used for a colored thermoplastic resin layer what is used for the printing layer 15 mentioned later is mentioned.
- the thickness of the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 is selected according to the application, but is usually about 20 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and preferably about 50 to 500 ⁇ m in consideration of cost and the like.
- an ABS resin, a polyolefin resin, a styrene resin, an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride resin, a polycarbonate resin, or the like is preferable.
- a polypropylene resin is preferable.
- an ABS resin and a polypropylene resin are more preferable, and an ABS resin is particularly preferable in order to prevent cracks, scratches and the like on the surface of the molded body.
- the support 11 is used to reinforce the decorative sheet 10 and maintain the form of an integrated product, the support 11 preferably has a thickness of 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the support 11 may be either a single layer or a plurality of layers, but as a case of a plurality of layers, for example, the surface of the support 11 is subjected to blocking prevention treatment, primer treatment or acid treatment, and blocking on the surface.
- a prevention layer, a primer layer, or an acid modification layer is mentioned.
- a resin layer containing a pigment, a matting agent, or the like, for example, a mat resin layer may be formed between the support 11 and the surface protective layer 12 in order to produce a design that cannot be expressed only by the printing layer 15.
- the printing layer 15 that is optionally laminated as shown in FIG. 4 or 5 is preferably composed of a picture layer and / or a concealing layer.
- the pattern layer gives decorativeness to the resin molded body, and is formed by printing various patterns using ink and a printing machine.
- patterns there are stone patterns imitating the surface of rocks such as wood grain patterns, marble patterns (for example, travertine marble patterns), fabric patterns imitating cloth or cloth patterns, tiled patterns, brickwork patterns, etc.
- patterns such as marquetry and patchwork that combine these.
- These patterns can be formed by multicolor printing with normal yellow, red, blue, and black process colors, and also by multicolor printing with special colors prepared by preparing individual color plates that make up the pattern. Is done.
- a binder and a colorant such as a pigment and a dye, an extender pigment, a solvent, a stabilizer, a plasticizer, a catalyst, and a curing agent are appropriately mixed.
- the binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyurethane resins, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer resins, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate / acrylic copolymer resins, chlorinated polypropylene resins, acrylic resins, and polyesters.
- Arbitrary resins, polyamide resins, butyral resins, polystyrene resins, nitrocellulose resins, cellulose acetate resins and the like may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Colorants include carbon black (black), iron black, titanium white, antimony white, yellow lead, titanium yellow, petal, cadmium red, ultramarine, cobalt blue and other inorganic pigments, quinacridone red, isoindolinone yellow, phthalocyanine Organic pigments or dyes such as blue, metallic pigments composed of scaly foil pieces such as aluminum and brass, pearlescent pigments composed of scaly foil pieces such as titanium dioxide-coated mica and basic lead carbonate, and the like are used.
- the hiding layer is generally a layer provided as desired, and is often provided for the purpose of preventing the pattern color of the decorative sheet from being affected by changes and variations in the color of the surface of the support 11. Usually, it is often formed with an opaque color, and a so-called solid printing layer having a thickness of about 1 to 20 ⁇ m is preferably used.
- the concealing layer is formed by known printing or coating means such as gravure printing or roll coating. When the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 is laminated as a colored thermoplastic resin and exhibits concealing properties, the concealing layer as the printing layer 15 may not be provided.
- the adhesive bond layer 16 between each layer in order to improve the adhesiveness of each layer, you may provide the adhesive bond layer 16 between each layer depending on necessity.
- adhesive layers 16 and 16 b can be provided between the support 11 and the printing layer 15 in order to improve the adhesion between the support 11 and the printing layer 15.
- an adhesive layer 16 a is optionally provided between the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 and the printing layer 15.
- a thermoplastic resin or a curable resin is used depending on the injection resin.
- thermoplastic resin examples include acrylic resin, acrylic modified polyolefin resin, chlorinated polyolefin resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic urethane resin, thermoplastic polyester resin, polyamide resin, rubber resin, and the like. Can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- thermosetting resin examples include urethane resins (for example, a two-component curable type composed of an isocyanate curing agent and various polyols), epoxy resins, and the like.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer may be appropriately determined according to the required physical properties and the like, but is usually about 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the method for forming the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but usually, known printing or coating means such as gravure printing, roll coating, etc. as an ink or coating liquid comprising a resin liquid obtained by diluting the above resin with a diluent solvent. To form. Further, in the adhesive layer, in order to adjust and improve various physical properties such as printing (or coating) suitability of the ink (or coating liquid), other auxiliary materials such as constitution Various additives such as pigments may be added.
- a primer layer 17 in order to improve the adhesion between the surface protective layer 12 and the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13, a primer layer 17 can be appropriately provided.
- the material of the primer layer 17 provided as desired include, for example, an acrylic resin, a urethane resin (for example, a two-component curing type composed of an isocyanate curing agent and various polyols), an acrylic urethane resin, and a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. And ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer.
- a two-component curable urethane resin is preferable from the viewpoint that the adhesion between the surface protective layer 12 and the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 is enhanced and the weather resistance is enhanced, and the adhesiveness hardly deteriorates with time.
- the surface protective layer 12 is formed by preparing a coating solution containing the ionizing radiation curable resin composition according to the present invention described above, and applying this to the surface of the support 11 or the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 or the primer layer 17. It can obtain by apply
- the viscosity of a coating liquid should just be a viscosity which can form a non-hardened resin layer on the surface of a base material by the below-mentioned coating system, and there is no restriction
- the prepared coating liquid is applied to the surface of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 so that the thickness after curing is as described above, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, reverse roll coating, Coating is performed by a known method such as comma coating, preferably gravure coating, to form an uncured resin layer.
- the uncured resin layer thus formed is irradiated with ionizing radiation such as an electron beam and ultraviolet rays to cure the uncured resin layer.
- ionizing radiation such as an electron beam and ultraviolet rays
- the acceleration voltage can be appropriately selected according to the resin to be used and the thickness of the layer, but the uncured resin layer is usually cured at an acceleration voltage of about 70 to 300 kV. preferable.
- the transmission capability increases as the acceleration voltage increases.
- the irradiation dose is preferably such that the crosslink density of the resin layer is saturated, and is usually selected in the range of 5 to 300 kGy (0.5 to 30 Mrad), preferably 10 to 50 kGy (1 to 5 Mrad). Further, the electron beam source is not particularly limited.
- various electron beam accelerators such as a cockroft Walton type, a bandegraft type, a resonant transformer type, an insulated core transformer type, a linear type, a dynamitron type, and a high frequency type. Can be used.
- ultraviolet rays When ultraviolet rays are used as ionizing radiation, those containing ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 190 to 380 nm are emitted.
- an ultraviolet-ray source For example, a high pressure mercury lamp, a low pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a carbon arc lamp etc. are used.
- the method for producing the decorative sheet 10 for three-dimensional processing of the present invention may be printed or coated with the surface protective layer 12 on the surface of the support 11.
- the surface protective layer 12 may be laminated on the surface of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13, and the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 and the support 11 may be laminated sequentially on the back surface.
- the primer layer 17 is laminated on the surface side of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13, and the surface protective layer 12 is further laminated on the surface, and the printing layer is formed on the back surface side of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13. 15, ie, a picture layer and / or a concealing layer are sequentially laminated.
- the support 11 is laminated.
- the adhesive layer 16 b is laminated on the back side of the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 by coating or the like, and is bonded to the support 11.
- the adhesive layer 16 may not be necessary.
- the adhesive layer 16 may not be necessary.
- the order of application described above may be changed as appropriate for the convenience of manufacturing. The above lamination is performed by known printing or coating means such as gravure printing or roll coating.
- the decorative sheet 10 of the present invention is previously vacuum-formed into a molded body surface shape by a vacuum forming die, and then Trim the excess part as necessary to obtain a molded sheet.
- This molded sheet is inserted into an injection mold, the injection mold is clamped, a resin in a fluid state is injected into the mold, solidified, and the decorative sheet is integrated with the outer surface of the resin molded product.
- a decorative resin molding is manufactured.
- thermoplastic resins such as polyolefin resins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, ABS resins, styrene resins, polycarbonate resins, acrylic resins and vinyl chloride resins are typical.
- thermosetting resins such as urethane resins and epoxy resins can be used depending on applications.
- the decorated resin molded body produced as described above has no cracks or cracks in its surface protective layer during the molding process, and its surface has high scratch resistance and solvent resistance. Furthermore, in the production method of the present invention, the surface protective layer is completely cured at the production stage of the decorative sheet, and therefore a step of crosslinking and curing the surface protective layer after producing the decorative resin molded body is unnecessary.
- ⁇ No abnormality in appearance
- ⁇ Minor gloss change or crack generation in most of the three-dimensional shape part or 300% stretched part
- ⁇ Significant gloss change or crack generation in the entire stretched part
- ⁇ insert molding> The decorative sheet is heated to 140-160 ° C. with an infrared heater and softened. Next, vacuum molding is performed using a mold having the same shape as the female mold for injection molding, and the inner mold is molded. The decorative sheet was released from the mold, and unnecessary parts were trimmed to obtain a molded sheet. The molded sheet was inserted into an injection mold, the injection mold was clamped, and the fluidized heat-resistant ABS resin was injected into the mold at an injection resin temperature of 230 ° C. and solidified to produce a decorative resin molded body. .
- Elongation at break (%) ⁇ (L 1 ⁇ L 0 ) ⁇ 100 ⁇ / L 0
- the measurement conditions were a test piece having a width of 25 mm and a length of 120 mm, a tensile speed of 50 mm / min, a distance between chucks of 80 mm, and a distance between marked lines of 50 mm.
- the measurement temperature condition is set considering the thickest layer as the support.
- (3) Storage elastic modulus E ' The resin composition produced in each Example and Comparative Example was applied on a polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter referred to as “PET”) film that had not been surface-treated so that the film thickness after crosslinking and curing was about 15 ⁇ m.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the uncured resin layer was irradiated with an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 165 kV and an irradiation dose of 50 kGy (5 Mrad) to cure the electron beam curable resin composition.
- the cured film was peeled off from the PET film, and a test piece having a width of 10 mm and a length of 20 mm was cut out.
- RSA II dynamic viscoelasticity measuring device manufactured by Rheometric Science F.E.
- the measurement was performed at a distance between clamps of 10 mm, a start temperature of 30 ° C., an end temperature of 180 ° C., a temperature increase rate of 5 ° C./min, and a measurement frequency of 1 Hz.
- (4) Scratch resistance The decorative sheet produced in each example and comparative example was tested (500 g load, 100 times) in accordance with JIS L0849 (Abrasion tester type II (Gakushin type)). Evaluation based on the criteria.
- the apparatus used for the test is “Gakushin Abrasion Tester” manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. ⁇ : No damage.
- X Scratch or gloss change occurred.
- the mold releasability of the vacuum molded body was evaluated by molding so that the mold and the surface protective layer face each other.
- Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 A copolymer having a molar ratio of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and methyl acrylate (MA) of 100: 5 was added to 33 parts by mass of tetrafunctional urethane acrylate which is an electron beam curable resin (hereinafter referred to as “EB”) that PMMA-1 ", weight average molecular weight (Mw): 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 , number average molecular weight (Mn): 0.60 ⁇ 10 5 ) were mixed 67 parts by weight, to obtain an electron beam curable resin composition It was.
- the mass ratio of EB: PMMA-1 is 33:67.
- an acrylic urethane primer 1 ⁇ m is formed by gravure coating on the surface of a support made of a colored ABS resin sheet having a thickness of 400 ⁇ m with a heat deformation temperature of 80 ° C. according to ASTM D648 method, and the above-mentioned electronic
- the linear curable resin composition was applied by gravure coating so as to have the values described in Table 1.
- This uncured resin layer is irradiated with an electron beam with an acceleration voltage of 165 kV and an irradiation dose of 50 kGy (5 Mrad) to cure the electron beam curable resin composition to form a surface protective layer to obtain a decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing. It was.
- Examples 3-8 A printing layer was formed on the transparent thermoplastic resin layer shown in Table 1.
- the same acrylic urethane primer as in Examples 1 and 2 was gravure coated on the transparent thermoplastic resin layer on the side opposite to the printed layer to form a primer layer.
- the electron beam curable resin composition shown in Table 1 was applied by gravure coating.
- the electron beam curable resin composition shown in Table 1 was applied by gravure coating on the transparent thermoplastic resin layer opposite to the printed layer without forming a primer layer. .
- These uncured resin layers were irradiated with an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 165 kV and an irradiation dose of 50 kGy (5 Mrad) to cure the electron beam curable resin composition to form a surface protective layer.
- Example 9 A printing layer is formed on the surface of the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 which is a colored polypropylene film having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m, and a two-component curable urethane resin is bonded to the surface of the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 which is a transparent polypropylene film having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
- the agent was formed with a gravure coat to a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m to form an adhesive layer 16a.
- the printing layer side on the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 and the adhesive layer 16a side on the transparent thermoplastic resin layer 13 were bonded.
- the same acrylic urethane primer as in Examples 1 and 2 is gravure coated to form a primer layer, and the electron beam curable resin shown in Table 1 is formed on the primer layer.
- the composition was applied by gravure coating.
- This uncured resin layer was irradiated with an electron beam having an acceleration voltage of 165 kV and an irradiation dose of 50 kGy (5 Mrad) to cure the electron beam curable resin composition to form a surface protective layer.
- the two-component curable urethane resin adhesive is gravure coated on the second thermoplastic resin layer 14 side of the obtained laminate to form an adhesive layer 16b having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m.
- the decorative sheet of Example 9 obtained as described above has the moldability, elongation at break, storage elastic modulus E ′ of the surface protective layer at 140 ° C., scratch resistance, solvent resistance and mold releasability described above. The method was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the decorative sheets of Examples 1 to 9 have good moldability, breaking elongation, scratch resistance, and solvent resistance, and the storage elastic modulus of the surface protective layer at 140 ° C. E 'was in the range of 7.7 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 Pa.
- the storage elastic modulus E ′ of the surface protective layer at 140 ° C. is in the range of 7.7 ⁇ 10 5 to 1.2 ⁇ 10 8 Pa, and the elongation at break
- the thickness of the surface protective layer was too thin, both scratch resistance and solvent resistance were poor.
- the decorative sheet for three-dimensional processing of the present invention includes, for example, interior materials or exterior materials of vehicles such as automobiles, construction members such as baseboards and rims, joinery such as window frames and door frames, walls, floors, ceilings, etc. It is suitably used as a decorative molded body for uses such as interior materials of buildings, television receivers, casings of household electrical appliances such as air conditioners, and containers.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1では、特定のガラス転移温度と架橋密度の架橋性組成物のクリア硬化層を熱可塑性樹脂のシート状基材上に積層してなる射出成形体表面被覆用積層シートであって、30~300%の破断伸度を有する積層シートが提案されている。
しかしながら、三次元加工において、加飾シートの割れを防ぐためには、30~300%の破断伸度では満足できず、また、300%以上延伸可能なシートでは金型離れが悪く、耐擦傷性、耐溶剤性も悪いのが実情であった。
そこで、三次元加工時の成形性、金型離れ、耐擦傷性、耐溶剤性等のさらなる改良が求められている。
すなわち、本発明の要旨は下記のとおりである。
1.支持体の上に少なくとも表面保護層を積層してなる三次元加工用加飾シートであって、該支持体のASTM D648法による熱変形温度より40℃高い温度において該三次元加工用加飾シートが300%を超える破断伸度(JIS K 7127に準拠)を有し、かつ該表面保護層が電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物を架橋硬化してなり、0.2~6.0μmの膜厚を有することを特徴とする三次元加工用加飾シート。
2.以下の測定条件で測定した140℃における前記表面保護層の貯蔵弾性率が7.7×105~1.2×108Paの範囲であることを特徴とする上記1に記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
貯蔵弾性率の測定条件:JIS K7244-1及び7244-4に準拠し、前記電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物を架橋硬化して製膜した幅10mm、厚さ15μmのシートをクランプ間距離10mm、開始温度30℃、終了温度180℃、昇温速度5℃/分、測定周波数1Hzにて測定する。
3.前記電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物が電離放射線硬化性樹脂と熱可塑性樹脂を75:25~20:80の比率(質量比)で含む樹脂組成物である上記1又は2に記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
4.前記支持体と前記表面保護層との間に、さらに透明熱可塑性樹脂層を設けてなる上記1~3のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
5.前記支持体と前記透明熱可塑性樹脂層との間に、さらに第2熱可塑性樹脂層を設けてなる上記4に記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
6.前記電離放射線硬化性樹脂が電子線硬化性樹脂である上記3~5のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
7.三次元加工がインサート成形である上記1~6のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
8.樹脂成形物に上記1~7のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シートを一体化させてなる加飾樹脂成形体。
11 支持体
12 表面保護層
13 透明熱可塑性樹脂層
14 第2熱可塑性樹脂層
15 印刷層
16 接着剤層
17 プライマー層
本発明の三次元加工用加飾シート10は、支持体11の上に少なくとも表面保護層12を積層してなる。
なお、本発明の加飾シート10の延伸性は、支持体11の延伸性の影響を大きく受ける。そのため、支持体11のASTM D648法による熱変形温度より40℃高い温度において加飾シート10が300%を超える破断伸度を有することを要する。複雑な形状の三次元加工において、加飾シート10の表面クラック又は割れを防ぐためである。この観点から380%以上の破断伸度が好ましい。また、500%以下であれば、延伸後においても必要な膜厚を確保でき形状保持性が良好となるので好ましい。なお、本発明の加飾シート10に用いられる支持体11は、単層又は複数層のいずれでも良い。
また、本発明の加飾シート10に設けられる表面保護層12が0.2~6.0μmの膜厚を有することを要する。膜厚が0.2μm未満であると耐擦傷性及び耐溶剤性が低下し、6.0μmを超えると成形性、破断伸度及び耐擦傷性が低下するからである。この観点から0.7~6.0μmの膜厚が好ましい。
図2に記載された本発明の加飾シート10の第2の実施態様は、支持体11と表面保護層12との間に、さらに透明熱可塑性樹脂層13を設けている。
図3に記載された本発明の加飾シート10の第3の実施態様は、支持体11と透明熱可塑性樹脂層13との間に、さらに第2熱可塑性樹脂層14を設けている。
図4に記載された本発明の加飾シート10の第4の実施態様は、支持体11の上に接着剤層16、印刷層15、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13、プライマー層17及び表面保護層12を積層している。ここで、印刷層15は、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の表側及び裏側のいずれに積層されても良いし、支持体11の表面に積層されていても良い。
また、図5に記載された本発明の加飾シート10の第5の実施態様は、支持体11の上に接着剤層16b、第2熱可塑性樹脂層14、印刷層15、接着剤層16a、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13、プライマー層17及び表面保護層12を積層している。ここで、印刷層15は、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の表側及び裏側のいずれに積層されても良い。また、第2熱可塑性樹脂層14が透明又は半透明の場合は、印刷層15は支持体11の表面又は第2熱可塑性樹脂層14の裏側に積層されていても良い。接着剤層16aと16bとは同じ材料を用いても良いし、異なっていても良い。
また、分子中にカチオン重合性官能基を有する重合性オリゴマー等に対しては、芳香族スルホニウム塩、芳香族ジアゾニウム塩、芳香族ヨードニウム塩、メタロセン化合物、ベンゾインスルホン酸エステル等が挙げられる。
また、光増感剤としては、例えばp-ジメチル安息香酸エステル、第三級アミン類、チオール系増感剤などを用いることができる。
より具体的には、(メタ)アクリル酸エステルの単独重合体、2種以上の異なる(メタ)アクリル酸エステルモノマーの共重合体、又は(メタ)アクリル酸エステルと他のモノマーとの共重合体が好ましい。
また、メタクリル酸メチルと他の(メタ)アクリル酸エステルモノマーの共重合体においては、メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位100モルに対して、他の(メタ)アクリル酸エステルモノマーに由来する構成単位が0.1~200モルの範囲であることが好ましい。メタクリル酸メチルに由来する構成単位100モルに対して、他の(メタ)アクリル酸エステルモノマーに由来する構成単位が上記範囲内であると、耐擦傷性及び耐溶剤性が向上する。
なお、(メタ)アクリル酸エステルと他のモノマーとの共重合体はランダム共重合体であってもブロック共重合体であっても良い。
ここで重量平均分子量は、ゲルパーミエションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した。測定には、東ソー(株)製高速GPC装置を用いた。用いたカラムは東ソー(株)製TSKgel αM(商品名)であり、溶媒はN-メチル-2-ピロリジノン(NMP)を用い、カラム温度40℃、流速0.5cc/minで測定を行なった。尚、本発明における分子量及び分子量分布はポリスチレン換算を行った。
ここで、耐候性改善剤としては、紫外線吸収剤や光安定剤を用いることができる。紫外線吸収剤は、無機系、有機系のいずれでも良く、無機系紫外線吸収剤としては、平均粒径が5~120nm程度の二酸化チタン、酸化セリウム、酸化亜鉛などを好ましく用いることができる。また、有機系紫外線吸収剤としては、例えばベンゾトリアゾール系、具体的には、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-5-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2-(2-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジ-tert-アミルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、ポリエチレングリコールの3-[3-(ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)-5-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル]プロピオン酸エステルなどが挙げられる。一方、光安定剤としては、例えばヒンダードアミン系、具体的には2-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)-2’-n-ブチルマロン酸ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)、ビス(1,2,2,6,6-ペンタメチル-4-ピペリジル)セバケート、テトラキス(2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジル)-1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボキシレートなどが挙げられる。また、紫外線吸収剤や光安定剤として、分子内に(メタ)アクリロイル基などの重合性基を有する反応性の紫外線吸収剤や光安定剤を用いることもできる。
重合禁止剤としては、例えばハイドロキノン、p-ベンゾキノン、ハイドロキノンモノメチルエーテル、ピロガロール、t-ブチルカテコールなどが、架橋剤としては、例えばポリイソシアネート化合物、エポキシ化合物、金属キレート化合物、アジリジン化合物、オキサゾリン化合物などが用いられる。
充填剤としては、例えば硫酸バリウム、タルク、クレー、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニウムなどが用いられる。
着色剤としては、例えばキナクリドンレッド、イソインドリノンイエロー、フタロシアニンブルー、フタロシアニングリーン、酸化チタン、カーボンブラックなどの公知の着色用顔料などが用いられる。
赤外線吸収剤としては、例えば、ジチオール系金属錯体、フタロシアニン系化合物、ジインモニウム化合物等が用いられる。
透明熱可塑性樹脂層13に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂としては、アクリル樹脂、ポリプロピレン,ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン樹脂(以下「ABS樹脂」という)、ポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂、ポリブチレンテレフタレート樹脂等のポリエステル樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、シクロオレフィン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂等が使用される。これらの内、アクリル樹脂、ポリプロピレン樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ABS樹脂又はポリエステル樹脂が、透明性、成形性の点で好ましい。
アクリル樹脂としては、例えば、ポリメチル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリエチル(メタ)アクリレート、ポリブチル(メタ)アクリレート、メチル(メタ)アクリレート-ブチル(メタ)アクリレート共重合体、メチル(メタ)アクリレート-スチレン共重合体等のアクリル樹脂〔但し、(メタ)アクリレートとは、アクリレート又はメタクリレートをいう〕が挙げられる。
透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の厚さは、用途に応じて選定されるが、通常、20~1,000μm程度であり、コスト等を考慮すると50~500μm程度が好ましい。
上記酸化法としては、例えばコロナ放電処理、クロム酸化処理、火炎処理、熱風処理、オゾン・紫外線処理法などが挙げられ、凹凸化法としては、例えばサンドブラスト法、溶剤処理法などが挙げられる。これらの表面処理は、基材の種類に応じて適宜選択されるが、一般にはコロナ放電処理法が効果及び操作性などの面から好ましく用いられる。
また透明熱可塑性樹脂層13には所望によりプライマー層17を形成する等の処理を施しても良いし、色彩を整えるための塗装や、デザイン的な観点での模様があらかじめ印刷層15として形成されていても良い。
第2熱可塑性樹脂層14に用いられる熱可塑性樹脂としては、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13と同様のものが挙げられる。着色熱可塑性樹脂層に用いられる着色剤としては、後述する印刷層15に用いられるものが挙げられる。
第2熱可塑性樹脂層14の厚さは、用途に応じて選定されるが、通常、20~1,000μm程度であり、コスト等を考慮すると50~500μm程度が好ましい。
上述のように、支持体11は、単層又は複数層のいずれでも良いが、複数層の場合として、例えば、支持体11の表面にブロッキング防止処理、プライマー処理や酸処理がなされ、表面にブロッキング防止層、プライマー層又は酸変性層が形成された場合が挙げられる。
また、印刷層15のみでは表現できない意匠性を出すため、顔料やマット剤等を含有させた樹脂層、例えばマット樹脂層を支持体11と表面保護層12との間に形成しても良い。
絵柄層は樹脂成形体に装飾性を与えるものであり、種々の模様をインキと印刷機を使用して印刷することにより形成される。模様としては、木目模様、大理石模様(例えばトラバーチン大理石模様)等の岩石の表面を模した石目模様、布目や布状の模様を模した布地模様、タイル貼模様、煉瓦積模様等があり、これらを複合した寄木、パッチワーク等の模様もある。これらの模様は通常の黄色、赤色、青色、及び黒色のプロセスカラーによる多色印刷によって形成される他、模様を構成する個々の色の版を用意して行う特色による多色印刷等によっても形成される。
着色剤としては、カーボンブラック(墨)、鉄黒、チタン白、アンチモン白、黄鉛、チタン黄、弁柄、カドミウム赤、群青、コバルトブルー等の無機顔料、キナクリドンレッド、イソインドリノンイエロー、フタロシアニンブルー等の有機顔料又は染料、アルミニウム、真鍮等の鱗片状箔片からなる金属顔料、二酸化チタン被覆雲母、塩基性炭酸鉛等の鱗片状箔片からなる真珠光沢(パール)顔料等が用いられる。
上記の第2熱可塑性樹脂層14が、着色熱可塑性樹脂として積層され、隠蔽性を奏する場合は、印刷層15としての隠蔽層はなくても良い。
接着剤層としては、射出樹脂に応じて、熱可塑性樹脂又は硬化性樹脂が用いられる。熱可塑性樹脂としては、アクリル樹脂、アクリル変性ポリオレフィン樹脂、塩素化ポリオレフィン樹脂、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体、熱可塑性ウレタン樹脂、熱可塑性ポリエステル樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ゴム系樹脂等が挙げられ、これらは1種又は2種以上を混合して用いることができる。また、熱硬化性樹脂としては、ウレタン樹脂(例えば、イソシアネート硬化剤と各種ポリオールからなる2液硬化型)、エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。
なお、接着剤層の厚みは要求物性等に応じて適宜厚さとすれば良いが、通常1~100μm程度である。また、接着剤層の形成方法は特に限定は無いが、通常は、上記樹脂を希釈溶剤で希釈した樹脂液からなるインキ又は塗液として、グラビア印刷、ロールコート等の公知の印刷又は塗工手段により形成する。また、接着剤層中には、更に、インキ(又は塗液)の印刷(又は塗工)適性等の諸物性を調整、向上させる為に、必要に応じて、その他の副材料、例えば、体質顔料等の各種添加剤を添加しても良い。
本発明においては、調製された塗工液を、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の表面に、硬化後の厚さが上述のようになるように、グラビアコート、バーコート、ロールコート、リバースロールコート、コンマコートなどの公知の方式、好ましくはグラビアコートにより塗工し、未硬化樹脂層を形成させる。
なお、電子線の照射においては、加速電圧が高いほど透過能力が増加するため、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13として電子線により劣化する樹脂を使用する場合には、電子線の透過深さと樹脂層の厚みが実質的に等しくなるように、加速電圧を選定することにより、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13への余分の電子線の照射を抑制することができ、過剰電子線による樹脂の劣化を最小限にとどめることができる。
また、照射線量は、樹脂層の架橋密度が飽和する量が好ましく、通常5~300kGy(0.5~30Mrad)、好ましくは10~50kGy(1~5Mrad)の範囲で選定される。
さらに、電子線源としては、特に制限はなく、例えばコックロフトワルトン型、バンデグラフト型、共振変圧器型、絶縁コア変圧器型、あるいは直線型、ダイナミトロン型、高周波型などの各種電子線加速器を用いることができる。
図4の場合は、例えば、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の表面側にプライマー層17を積層し、さらにその表面に表面保護層12を積層する共に、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の裏面側に印刷層15、即ち、絵柄層及び/又は隠蔽層を順次積層する。その後、印刷層15上に接着剤層16を積層した後、支持体11を積層する。
図5のように第2熱可塑性樹脂層14を設ける場合の製造方法の一例を示す。図4の場合のように透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の表面側にプライマー層17を積層し、さらにその表面に表面保護層12を積層する。また、第2熱可塑性樹脂層14の表面側に印刷層15を積層し、さらにその表面に接着剤層16aを積層する。その後、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の裏面側と第2熱可塑性樹脂層14の表面側の接着剤層16aとをラミネート等により貼り合わせる。その後、第2熱可塑性樹脂層14の裏面側に接着剤層16bを塗工等により積層し、支持体11と貼り合わせる。
通常、例えば図2、3又は5において、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13又は第2熱可塑性樹脂層14と支持体11とが同じ樹脂材料の場合は接着剤層16が必要でない場合がある。また、例えば図3において、透明熱可塑性樹脂層13と第2熱可塑性樹脂層14とが同じ樹脂材料の場合は接着剤層16が必要でない場合がある。
上述の塗布順序は、製造の便宜のため適宜変更して良い。
上記の積層は、グラビア印刷、ロールコート等の公知の印刷又は塗工手段により行なわれる。
なお、加飾シートの成形性、破断伸度、表面保護層の140℃における貯蔵弾性率E'、耐擦傷性、耐溶剤性及び金型離れ性は、下記の方法に従って測定した。
(1)成形性
各実施例及び比較例で得た加飾シートについて、以下に示す方法でインサート成形を行い、成形後の外観にて評価した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
○;外観上異常なし
△;3次元形状部又は300%延伸部の大部分で軽微な艶変化又はクラック発生
×;延伸部分全体に著しい艶変化又はクラック発生
<インサート成形>
加飾シートを赤外線ヒーターで140~160℃に加熱し、軟化させる。次いで、射出成形用雌型と同形状の型を用いて真空成形を行い、型の内部形状に成形する。型より加飾シートを離型し、不要部分をトリミングして成形シートを得た。この成形シートを射出成形型に挿入し、射出成形型を型締めし、流動状態の耐熱ABS樹脂を射出樹脂温度230℃で型内に射出し、固化させて、加飾樹脂成形体を製造した。
(2)破断伸度
本発明の加飾シート10の延伸性は、支持体11の延伸性の影響を大きく受けるため、支持体のASTM D648法による熱変形温度より40℃高い温度において、JIS K 7127に準拠した引張試験を行ない、加飾シートの試料片の初期の長さL0 、及び加飾シートの試料片に目視できる亀裂が発生した時又は破断時(亀裂が発生することなく試料片が破断した場合)の試料片の長さL1 から下式に従って求めた。
破断伸度(%)={(L1 -L0 )×100}/L0
測定条件は、幅25mm、長さ120mmの試験片を用い、引張速度50mm/分、チャック間距離80mm、標線間距離50mmの条件であった。
なお、支持体が複数層を有する場合は、一番厚い層を支持体と見做して測定温度条件を設定する。
(3)貯蔵弾性率E'
表面処理をしていないポリエチレンテレフタレート(以下、「PET」という)フィルムの上に各実施例及び比較例で製造した樹脂組成物を架橋硬化後の膜厚が約15μmになるように塗布した。この未硬化樹脂層に加速電圧165kV、照射線量50kGy(5Mrad)の電子線を照射して、電子線硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させた。硬化膜をPETフィルムから剥がして、幅10mm、長さ20mmの試験片を切り出した。該試験片を用いて、JIS K7244-1及び7244-4に準拠し、動的粘弾性測定装置(レオメトリック・サイエンス・エフ・イー(株)製「RSA II」)を用い、140℃の貯蔵弾性率E'を測定した。測定は、クランプ間距離10mm、開始温度30℃、終了温度180℃、昇温速度5℃/分、測定周波数1Hzにて測定した。
(4)耐擦傷性
各実施例及び比較例で製造した加飾シートについて、JIS L0849(摩耗試験機II型(学振型))に準拠して試験(500g荷重、100回)を行い、以下の基準で評価した。試験に用いた装置は、(テスター産業(株)製「学振型摩耗試験機」)である。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
○;傷付きなし。
×;傷付き又は艶変化が発生した。
(5)耐溶剤性
エタノール50%水溶液を加飾シート表面に滴下した後、1分経過後にふき取り、表面保護層の塗膜の変化の有無を目視にて判断し、下記の基準で評価した。
〇:全く変化なし。
×:変化が認められる。
(6)金型離れ性
真空成形後の成形体の金型離れ性及び射出成形後の成形体の金型離れ性を評価した。金型から成形体を抜くときに、表面保護層に目視でシワ、フクレ、ハガレ等が起きず外観上問題ない場合、良好(○)とし、金型離れが悪く成形体の表面保護層に目視でシワ、フクレ、ハガレ等が起き外観に問題がある場合、不良(×)とした。真空成形体の金型離れ性は、型と表面保護層が対向するように成形し、評価した。
電子線硬化性樹脂(以下「EB」という)である4官能のウレタンアクリレート33質量部に、メタクリル酸メチル(MMA)とアクリル酸メチル(MA)のモル比100:5の共重合体(以下「PMMA-1」という、重量平均分子量(Mw):1.0×105、数平均分子量(Mn):0.60×105)を67質量部混合し、電子線硬化性樹脂組成物を得た。EB:PMMA-1の質量比は33:67である。
次に、ASTM D648法による熱変形温度が80℃である厚さ400μmの着色ABS樹脂シートからなる支持体表面に、アクリルウレタン系プライマー1μmをグラビアコートにて形成し、プライマー塗工面に、上記電子線硬化性樹脂組成物を表1に記載された値になるようにグラビアコートにより塗工した。この未硬化樹脂層に加速電圧165kV、照射線量50kGy(5Mrad)の電子線を照射して、電子線硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させ表面保護層を形成して3次元加工用加飾シートを得た。
以上のようにして得られた6種類の加飾シートの成形性、破断伸度、表面保護層の140℃における貯蔵弾性率E'、耐擦傷性、耐溶剤性及び金型離れ性を上記の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
表1に示す透明熱可塑性樹脂層上に印刷層を形成した。実施例3、4、7及び8においては、印刷層とは反対側の透明熱可塑性樹脂層上に、実施例1及び2と同じアクリルウレタン系プライマーをグラビアコートしてプライマー層を形成し、プライマー層上に表1に示す電子線硬化性樹脂組成物をグラビアコートにより塗工した。また、実施例5及び6においては、プライマー層を形成することなく、印刷層とは反対側の透明熱可塑性樹脂層上に表1に示す電子線硬化性樹脂組成物をグラビアコートにより塗工した。これらの未硬化樹脂層に加速電圧165kV、照射線量50kGy(5Mrad)の電子線を照射して、電子線硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させ表面保護層を形成した。
次に、印刷層上に2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂接着剤を塗布して接着剤層とし実施例1及び2と同じ着色ABS樹脂シートからなる支持体と接着した。得られたシートを40℃、3日間養生し、接着剤層16bの硬化を促進させ、加飾シート10を得た。
以上のようにして得られた6種類の加飾シートの成形性、破断伸度、表面保護層の140℃における貯蔵弾性率E'、耐擦傷性、耐溶剤性及び金型離れ性を上記の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
厚み60μmの着色ポリプロピレンフィルムである第2熱可塑性樹脂層14表面に、印刷層を形成し、一方、厚み60μmの透明ポリプロピレンフィルムである透明熱可塑性樹脂層13表面に、2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂接着剤をグラビアコートにて約5μmの厚みで形成し、接着剤層16aとした。
次に、第2熱可塑性樹脂層14の上の印刷層側と透明熱可塑性樹脂層13の上の接着剤層16a側とを接着した。得られた積層体の透明熱可塑性樹脂層13表面に、実施例1及び2と同じアクリルウレタン系プライマーをグラビアコートしてプライマー層を形成し、プライマー層上に表1に示す電子線硬化性樹脂組成物をグラビアコートにより塗工した。この未硬化樹脂層に加速電圧165kV、照射線量50kGy(5Mrad)の電子線を照射して、電子線硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化させ表面保護層を形成した。
得られた積層体の第2熱可塑性樹脂層14側に2液硬化型ウレタン樹脂接着剤をグラビアコートし、厚み10μmの接着剤層16bを形成し、実施例1及び2と同じ着色ABS樹脂シートからなる支持体と接着した。得られたシートを40℃、3日間養生し、接着剤層16bの硬化を促進させ、加飾シート10を得た。
以上のようにして得られた実施例9の加飾シートの成形性、破断伸度、表面保護層の140℃における貯蔵弾性率E'、耐擦傷性、耐溶剤性及び金型離れ性を上記の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
表面保護層の材料A~C及び透明熱可塑性樹脂層の材料D~Eの組成内容
表面保護層の材料A:(EB/PMMA-1)=(33/67)(質量部)
表面保護層の材料B:(EB/PMMA-2)=(33/67)(質量部)
表面保護層の材料C:(EB/ポリエステル-1)=(25/75)(質量部)
透明熱可塑性樹脂層の材料D:ポリプロピレン樹脂 無延伸ポリプロピレン(プロピレン-エチレンランダムコポリマー)、軟化点:125℃、ヘイズ(曇価):7.0
透明熱可塑性樹脂層の材料E:アクリル樹脂 メタクリル酸メチル樹脂(PMMA)、軟化点:105℃、ヘイズ(曇価):0.5
ここで、EBは4官能ウレタンアクリレートであり、PMMA-1は上記の通りであり、PMMA-2はメタクリル酸メチル(MMA)単独重合体{重量平均分子量(Mw):1.1×105、数平均分子量(Mn):0.64×105、多分散度(Mw/Mn):1.72}であり、ポリエステル-1はポリエステル樹脂{重量平均分子量(Mw):0.86×105、数平均分子量(Mn):0.41×105、多分散度(Mw/Mn):2.1}である。
これに対し、比較例1の加飾シートにおいては、表面保護層の140℃における貯蔵弾性率E' が7.7×105~1.2×108Paの範囲内であり、破断伸度が高かったが、表面保護層の厚みが薄過ぎるため耐擦傷性及び耐溶剤性のいずれも悪かった。
また、比較例2~4の加飾シートにおいては、表面保護層の140℃における貯蔵弾性率E' が7.7×105~1.2×108Paの範囲内であり、耐溶剤性が良好であったが、破断伸度が低く、耐擦傷性も悪かった。
さらに、真空成形後の成形体の金型離れ性、射出成形後の成形体の金型離れ性を評価した結果、実施例1~9及び比較例1~4はいずれも、真空成形後及び射出成形後の金型離れ性の双方とも良好であった。
Claims (8)
- 支持体の上に少なくとも表面保護層を積層してなる三次元加工用加飾シートであって、該支持体のASTM D648法による熱変形温度より40℃高い温度において該三次元加工用加飾シートが300%を超える破断伸度(JIS K 7127に準拠)を有し、かつ該表面保護層が電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物を架橋硬化してなり、0.2~6.0μmの膜厚を有することを特徴とする三次元加工用加飾シート。
- 以下の測定条件で測定した140℃における前記表面保護層の貯蔵弾性率が7.7×105~1.2×108Paの範囲であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
貯蔵弾性率の測定条件:JIS K7244-1及び7244-4に準拠し、前記電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物を架橋硬化して製膜した幅10mm、厚さ15μmのシートをクランプ間距離10mm、開始温度30℃、終了温度180℃、昇温速度5℃/分、測定周波数1Hzにて測定する。 - 前記電離放射線硬化性樹脂組成物が電離放射線硬化性樹脂と熱可塑性樹脂を75:25~20:80の比率(質量比)で含む樹脂組成物である請求項1又は2に記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
- 前記支持体と前記表面保護層との間に、さらに透明熱可塑性樹脂層を設けてなる請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
- 前記支持体と前記透明熱可塑性樹脂層との間に、さらに第2熱可塑性樹脂層を設けてなる請求項4に記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
- 前記電離放射線硬化性樹脂が電子線硬化性樹脂である請求項3~5のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
- 三次元加工がインサート成形である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シート。
- 樹脂成形物に請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の三次元加工用加飾シートを一体化させてなる加飾樹脂成形体。
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| US12/921,681 US8603626B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2008-03-12 | Decorative sheet for three-dimensional work |
| CN2008801279518A CN101970228A (zh) | 2008-03-12 | 2008-03-12 | 三维加工用装饰片材 |
| PCT/JP2008/054525 WO2009113168A1 (ja) | 2008-03-12 | 2008-03-12 | 三次元加工用加飾シート |
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| JP2012509799A (ja) * | 2008-11-26 | 2012-04-26 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 複合材料構造体の表面フィルム |
| EP2556956A4 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2014-04-09 | Lg Hausys Ltd | MULTILAYER SHEET FOR MOLDING THAT IS HIGHLY BRILLIANT EVEN AFTER A MOLDING PROCESS, AND METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION |
| JP2012091497A (ja) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-05-17 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 加飾シート及び加飾成形品 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2253467A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| KR20100124291A (ko) | 2010-11-26 |
| EP2253467A4 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
| US20110045284A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 |
| US8603626B2 (en) | 2013-12-10 |
| CN101970228A (zh) | 2011-02-09 |
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