WO2009108972A1 - Sleeper pad for a railway sleeper - Google Patents

Abstract

Sleeper pad (1) for a railway sleeper (2) having at least a first elastic, preferably elastomer, layer (3) and at least a second elastic, preferably elastomer, layer (4), wherein a reinforcement layer (5) is embedded between the first elastic layer (3) and the second elastic layer (4), wherein the second elastic layer (4) forms an external surface (6) of the sleeper pad (1), and the reinforcement layer (5) has fibre material.

Description

 Sleeper for a railway sleeper

The present invention relates to a sleeper for a railway sleeper with at least a first elastic, preferably elastomeric, layer and at least a second elastic, preferably elastomeric, layer, wherein between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer, a reinforcing layer is embedded. In addition, the invention also relates to methods for producing a Schwellensohle and an arrangement of a railway sleeper and a Schwellensohle.

A sockliner is understood to mean, as is known per se, an elastic underlay which is arranged on the underside on railway sleepers and which, at the railroad tie, is e.g. is arranged by gluing. The sill sole serves to reduce the structure-borne sound emissions of track systems.

A generic sill is e.g. shown in DE 43 15215 A1. There it is proposed to provide a reinforcing insert between two layers of elastomeric material and to arrange an additional nonwoven fabric layer between the elastomeric material and the ballast bed so that the sill sole only comes into contact with the ballast bed via the outer nonwoven fabric layer.

The subsequently published AT 505 180 A1 describes a covering material for direct connection to a concrete component, which comprises a layer of at least one polymer having a first surface for abutment and connection to the concrete component, this surface having a surface structuring. The surface structuring is formed by at least approximately channel-like and / or pore-shaped recesses or at least approximately channel-like elevations.

From EP 1 445 378 A2 a railway sleeper is known, on the underside of which a plastic layer is attached. To connect the plastic layer and concrete of the threshold body, a spatially extended grid of threads is embedded both in the threshold body and in the plastic layer.

It has been shown that penetration of the ballast into the sill sole is insufficiently prevented in the generic previously known sleepers. Which can lead to premature destruction of the sill. In addition, it has been shown that there are often problems with too low a transverse resistance of the sill sole. The object of the invention is to propose an improvement in generic sleepers, which helps to avoid or at least alleviate the problems mentioned.

This is achieved according to the invention in that the second elastic layer forms an outer surface of the threshold sole and the reinforcing layer comprises fiber material.

It is thus provided that the second elastic layer, in particular at least on the side facing away from the railroad sleeper in operating position or opposite side, forms an outer surface of the sill, whereby the ballast on which the sleeper sole is placed in the operating position including railway sleeper , comes directly in contact with this elastic outer surface of the second layer of the sill sole. As a result, the required lateral displacement resistance can be met without problems. The fiber material of the reinforcing layer in turn prevents too deep penetration of the ballast or ground into the sill, so that premature destruction of the sill sole is prevented. By embedding the fiber material of the reinforcing layer between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer, the fibers of the fiber material can no longer be pushed apart as easily as in the case of a fiber layer adhered from below to the outer surface of the sleeper sole, so that embedding a particularly high-tensile reinforcing layer is formed, which prevents a deep penetration of the railway ballast in the threshold sole particularly well.

In order to make the tensile strength of the reinforcing layer as high as possible, so that sharp-edged ballast can not penetrate the reinforcing layer, it is particularly advantageous that the fiber material of the reinforcing layer has fiber threads, which in addition to the connection by the embedding between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer at least one additional measure, preferably by knotting or weaving or gluing or welding, are connected to each other.

For this purpose, it may be provided that the fibrous material of the reinforcing layer comprises or consists of a knit or other knitwear in which the fiber threads are interwoven or looped together as an additional measure. An alternative is that the fibrous material comprises or consists of a network in which the fiber filaments are linked or knotted together. But it is also possible that the fiber material of the reinforcing layer comprises or consists of at least one tissue, which favorably here additional measures such. B. gluing or welding the interwoven fiber threads are provided. In accordance with solid weaves but also the corresponding solid interweaving can be sufficient in itself. The fiber material of the reinforcing layer can be made of various natural or artificial fibers, particularly preferred are glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or plastic fibers, preferably polypropylene or polyamide or polyethylene.

In order to be able to retain the railway ballast as effectively as possible, the reinforcing layer should not have too large a mesh size or any openings that are too large. It is favorable in this context if the reinforcing layer has openings which have an opening width of not more than 2 mm, preferably of not more than 1 mm.

In one, further separately explained below, particularly easy to produce, but also durable durable swell sole can be provided that the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer have the same material or consist of the same material. However, this is not mandatory, of course, the second elastic layer can also be made of a different material than the first elastic layer. Conveniently, both the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer are made of an elastomer. Foamed, preferably closed-pored, elastomers are preferred. This can z. As polyurethane or rubber elastomers. In a foamed embodiment, these are known as polyurethane foams or sponge rubber. The rubber materials or elastomers may be natural rubber but also artificial rubber products. Elastomers in this context are understood to mean dimensionally stable but elastically deformable substances which deform during compression or tensile loading, but return to their original, undeformed shape upon subsequent relief. The elastomers can be both plastics and natural products. Conveniently, the materials of the first elastic layer and / or the second elastic layer have a density of at least 150 kg / m ³ and / or a porosity of at least 10%. A density of these materials in the range of 400 kg / m ³ to 900 kg / m ^{3 has} proven to be particularly favorable.

In addition to the sleeper sole itself, the invention also relates to an arrangement of a railway sleeper and such a sleeper sole. Conveniently, the sill sole is arranged at least at one, in operating position the underside facing the underside of the railway sleeper. Of course it is also possible, the

Schwellensohle also laterally to arrange the railroad tie, especially if the railroad tie is sunk deeper into the ballast bed and thus the gravel also comes laterally into contact with the railway sleeper.

In principle, various measures can be taken to fasten the sill sole to the railway sleeper. For example, sticking or the like is conceivable. But a particularly durable connection is particularly possible if the second layer of the threshold sole opposite outer surface of the Schwellensohle has a connecting layer with at least one solid material having between the solid material to the outside open spaces for receiving foreign material, preferably for receiving concrete of the railway sleeper, has. This makes it possible to hang the threshold sole with the bonding layer on the not yet cured concrete or not yet cured other material of the railway sleeper, so that the concrete or other material can penetrate into the interstices of the tie layer, which is when hardening the railway sleeper to a cohesive or positive and therefore particularly strong connection between the threshold sole and railway sleeper comes. In this sense, the connecting layer is thus conveniently arranged on the side facing in the operating position of the railway sleeper side or surface of the Schwellensohle.

The solid material, between which the spaces for receiving the foreign material, ie in particular the concrete railroad tie, are arranged, may be in the form of strips, knobs and the like. Formed, which are conveniently projections provided that can be engaged behind the material of the railroad tie form-fitting ,

However, a particularly preferred embodiment provides that the solid material of the bonding layer has a spatially extended grid of filaments, wherein a thickness of the grid and / or a depth of the outwardly open spaces at least 3 times, preferably at least 10 times, the Thickness of one of the threads amounts. As a result, the material of the railway sleeper penetrating into the interspaces can comprise all the threads in a material-locking or form-fitting manner, whereby a correspondingly firm connection is formed when the material hardens. The threads of the grid can be arranged in a confused manner and / or partially connected to one another and / or protrude from the first elastic layer in the form of loops. In order to fasten the connection layer to the first elastic layer of the threshold sole, it is expediently provided that the connection layer or the lattice, preferably at least 20% or at least 40% of its thickness, is embedded in the first elastic layer. As a result of this embedding, a material or positive or material connection is also achieved between the connecting layer and the first layer.

A preferred method for producing a sleeper according to the invention provides that the reinforcing layer is placed on a pad and then a reaction mixture of a material of the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer, preferably from the side facing away from the pad and / or over the entire surface , is applied to the reinforcing layer and the reinforcing layer is then arranged by floating in the reaction mixture during the reaction of the reaction mixture between the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer. In the case of a threshold sole produced in this way, therefore, the first elastic layer and the second elastic layer favorably consist of the same material. The embedding of the reinforcing layer between these two layers takes place by the floating of the reinforcing layer in the reaction mixture before it has finally been converted or cured.

In this method, for embedding a bonding layer in the first elastic layer of the threshold sole be provided that during the reaction of the reaction mixture, preferably in a foam phase or rising phase of the reaction mixture, the bonding layer, preferably from the side facing away from the pad, in the Reaction mixture, preferably at least 20% or at least 40% of the thickness of the bonding layer, is pressed. In this case, it can be provided that the reinforcing layer is pressed in the direction of the substrate or the floating of the reinforcing layer is limited by pressing the connecting layer into the reaction mixture. By the latter measure can be prevented that the reinforcing layer in the reaction mixture floats too far

An alternative production method provides that initially the first elastic layer, optionally with a connecting layer arranged thereon, is produced as precursor and subsequently the reinforcing layer is applied to the first elastic layer and subsequently or simultaneously the second elastic layer, preferably as reaction mixture, is applied.

Further details and features of preferred embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the figures. Showing:

1 is a side view of an inventive embodiment of a threshold sole,

2 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a reinforcing layer prior to its placement in the sill,

Fig. 3 is a side view of a railway sleeper with a erfinduήgsgemäßen

Sleeper pad,

4 shows an example of a suitable connection layer,

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a preferred manufacturing method of a Schwellensohle and

Fig. 6 is a graph for explaining the foam phase.

In the preferred embodiment acc. 1, the reinforcing layer 5 is arranged between the first elastic layer 3 and the second elastic layer 4 of the threshold sole 1. The second elastic layer 4 forms the lower, ie in the operating position facing away from the railway sleeper or this opposite, outer surface 6 of the sill 1. On the opposite thereto, so in operating position to the railway sleeper 2 facing side, the sill sole 1 the Connecting layer 7, which is embedded in the embodiment shown here in the first elastic layer 3. The connecting layer 7 forms a spatially extended grid of threads 9. Between the threads 9, the intermediate spaces 8 are formed, into which the material of the railway sleeper can penetrate in the sense of a form-fitting, material-based or material-locking connection. For attachment to the first layer 3, the connecting layer 7 is embedded to about 40% of its thickness 10 in the first elastic layer 3. Alternatively, however, it would also be possible for the attachment of the bonding layer 7, for example, to apply a relatively thick adhesive layer on the outer surface of the first elastic layer 3, into which the reinforcing layer 5 can be embedded. In preferred embodiments, the thickness 22 of the first layer 3 is between 5 and 15 mm, preferably 5 to 6 or 10 to 15 mm. The second elastic layer 4 can be made significantly thinner. Their thickness 23 is favorably between 0.2 and 4 mm. The thickness of the reinforcing layer 5 sandwiched between the first elastic and second elastic layers is favorably between 1 to 2 mm. The thickness 10 of the bonding layer is preferably between 5 and 15 mm. Particularly preferred is a thickness of about 10 mm. The supernatant of the bonding layer 7 over the first layer 3 is preferably between 3 and 8 mm, more preferably between 4 and 5 mm. The thickness of the bonding layer 7 is thus favorably 5 to 10 times the thickness of the reinforcing layer 5. The first elastic layer 3 is usually thicker than the second elastic layer 4, desirably at least twice as thick.

Fig. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the reinforcing layer 5 in the form of a net in a plan view. The fiber threads 11 of this network are linked or knotted together at their crossing points 12, whereby a particularly good tensile strength is achieved. The mesh width or the width of the openings 13 between the individual fiber threads 11 is favorably not more than 1 to 2 mm. As an alternative to the net shown here, of course, textile knitwear such. B. a knitted fabric can be used. In such reinforcing layers 5, the particularly high tensile strength is achieved by the intermeshing stitches of the fiber threads 11. Alternatively, of course, braids may be used in which the fiber threads 11 are intertwined by an interlocking loops. In all the above-mentioned embodiments, the points of intersection 12 of the individual fiber threads may optionally additionally be glued or welded together. It is even conceivable to use non-woven fabrics as reinforcing layers if their fibers are firmly connected to one another by welding, gluing, bonding or appropriate measures. The fibers or fiber threads 11 of the reinforcing layer 5 are advantageously made of glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or a plastic, preferably polypropylene or polyamide or polyethylene, or have at least such materials.

Fig. 3 shows a side view of a railway sleeper 2, at the bottom of the sill sole 1 gem. Fig. 1 is arranged. The connecting layer 7 is embedded both in the material of the railway sleeper 2, as well as in the material of the sleeper sole 1, whereby a particularly strong connection is formed. The arrangement thus formed Railway sleeper 2 and sleeper sole 1 lies with the outer surface 6 of the second elastic layer 4 on the, here in the form of a ballast bed formed underground 14. The railroad track, which, as is known, is supported by the upper edge of the railway sleeper 2, is not shown here.

Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of the trained in the form of a 3-D grid connection layer 7 of the embodiment. Fig. 4. The grid of the connecting layer 7 consists of spatially ent together running threads 9 or cords, which preferably consist of a plastic, such as PP (polypropylene), PA (polyamide) or PE (polyethylene) and have a certain elasticity , Such gratings are used, for example, as drainage grid or geogrid and are also commercially available under these names. Important is the spatial extent and the formation of gaps 8 in order to enable a positive or material connection with the Materia) of the railway sleeper 2 and with the first elastic layer 3.

FIG. 5 shows a preferred production method for a threshold sole 1 according to the invention. As a first step, first the reinforcing layer 5, z. B. by rolling from a delivery roller 21, on a pad 15, preferably spread flat. The pad 15 is preferably formed by a conveyor belt or the like, which further conveys the reinforcing layer 5 to the nozzle 17 and in this direction. From the nozzle 17, a reaction mixture 16 is applied to the reinforcing layer 5, preferably over the entire surface. The reaction mixture 16 resting on the reinforcing layer 5 begins to react or continues its previously initiated reaction. During this reaction period, the reinforcing layer 5 increases in the reaction mixture 16. During the reaction also takes place conveniently, for. B. by foaming, and an increase in volume of the reaction mixture. For embedding the bonding layer 7, the indenting roller 19 is provided in the embodiment shown here. Via these, the connecting layer 7 is supplied and pressed into the not yet fully reacted reaction mixture 16, whereby the embedding of the bonding layer 7 takes place in the first elastic layer 3. The penetration depth of the connecting layer 7 is set by way of the distances between the axis of rotation 20 of the indenting roller 19 and the lower surface of the indenting roller 19 with respect to the base 15. Following the supply of the connecting layer, the reaction of the reaction mixture is concluded, wherein the connecting layer 7 can also be used to prevent further floating of the reinforcing layer 5 in the reaction mixture or to press the reinforcing layer 5 in the direction of the base 15, so that the desired arrangement in the final product is achieved. At the end of the reaction process, the first elastic layer 3 and the second elastic layer 4 have been formed from the reaction mixture 16 to the desired thickness. The reinforcing layer 5 is embedded between them at the desired depth. The same applies to the connection layer 7. 6 shows a diagram in which the thickness D of the reaction mixture is plotted against the reaction time t. The so-called foam phase 18 can be seen, in which a particularly strong volume increase but also viscosity change takes place in the reaction mixture the nozzle 17 and the impression roller 19 may be selected such that, depending on the reaction rate of the reaction mixture 16, the impression of the connection layer 7 takes place during the foam phase 18 or rise phase shown in FIG

L e g e to the reference numbers

1 threshold sole

2 railway threshold

3 first elastic layer

4 second elastic layer

5 reinforcing layer

6 outer surface

7 connection layer

8 spaces

9 threads

10 thickness

11 fiber thread

12 crossing point

13 opening

14 underground

15 base

16 reaction mixture

17 nozzle

18 foam phase

19 impression roller

20 axis

21 dispensing roll

22 thickness

23 thickness

Claims

claims 1. sill (1) for a railway sleeper (2) with at least a first elastic, preferably elastomeric layer (3) and at least a second elastic, preferably elastomeric, layer (4), wherein between the first elastic see layer (3) and the second elastic layer (4) has a reinforcing layer (5) is embedded, characterized in that the second elastic layer (4) forms an outer surface (ό) of the threshold sole (1) and the reinforcing layer (5) comprises fiber material. 2. Schwellensohle (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the second Layer (4) opposite the outer surface of the Schwellensohle (1) has a connecting layer (7) with at least one solid material which between the solid material outwardly open spaces (8) for receiving foreign material, preferably for receiving concrete of the railway sleeper (2), having. 3. sill (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the solid material of the connecting layer (7) has a spatially extended grid of threads (9), wherein a thickness (10) of the grid and / or a depth of the outwardly of- The intermediate spaces (8) are at least 3 times, preferably at least 10 times, the thickness of one of the threads (9), wherein preferably the threads (9) of the grid are arranged in a confused manner and / or partially connected to one another and / or in Form of loops of the first elastic layer (3) protrude. 4. sill (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the connecting layer (7) or the grid, preferably at least 20% or at least 40% of its thickness (10), in the first elastic layer (3) is embedded. 5. sill (1) according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the threads (9) comprise a plastic, preferably polypropylene or polyamide or polyethylene, or consist thereof. 6. sill sole (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first elastic layer (3) and / or the second elastic layer (4) comprises a foamed, preferably closed-pore, elastomer (have) or consists thereof ( consist) and / or the first elastic layer (3) and / or the second elastic layer (4) as an elastomer polyurethane or a rubber elastomer. 7. sill (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first elastic layer (3) and the second elastic layer (4) have the same material or consist of the same material. 8. sill (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fiber material of the reinforcing layer (5) fiber threads (11), which in addition to the connection by the embedding between the first elastic layer (3) and the second elastic Layer (4) by at least one additional measure, preferably by knotting or weaving or gluing or welding, are connected together. 9. sill sole (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fibrous material of the reinforcing layer (5) has at least one fabric or at least one knit fabric, preferably a knitted fabric, or at least one net or consists thereof. 10. sill (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fiber material of the reinforcing layer (5) glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or a plastic, preferably polypropylene or polyamide or polyethylene, comprises or consists thereof and / or the reinforcing layer (5) Having openings (13) which has an opening width of not more than 2 mm, preferably of at most 1 mm. 1 1. Arrangement of a railway sleeper (2) and a Schwellensohle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the Schwellensohle (1) at least at one in the operating position the ground (14) facing underside of the railway sleeper ( 2), wherein preferably the second layer (4) opposite the outer surface of the Schwellensohle (1) has a connecting layer (7) with at least one solid material, which see between the solid materia I outwardly open spaces (8), wherein for connection of the railway sleeper (2) with the sill sole (1) material, preferably concrete, the railway sleeper (2) has penetrated into the intermediate spaces (8) of the connecting layer (7). 12. A method for producing a Schwellensohle (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (5) on a pad (15) is placed and then a reaction mixture (16) of a material of the first elastic layer (3) and the second elastic layer (4), preferably from that of the pad (15) facing away from and / or over the entire surface, is applied to the reinforcing layer (5) and the reinforcing layer (5) then by floating in the reaction mixture (16) during the reaction of the reaction mixture (16) between the first elastic layer (3) and the second elastic layer (4) is arranged. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that during the reaction of the reaction mixture (16), preferably in a foam phase (18) or rising phase of the reaction mixture (16), the connecting layer (7), preferably from the of the pad (15) forth side facing away, in the reaction mixture (16), preferably at least 20% or at least 40% of the thickness (10) of the connecting layer (7), is pressed. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that by pressing the connecting layer (7) in the reaction mixture (16), the reinforcing layer (5) in the direction of the pad (15) pressed or the floating of the reinforcing layer (7) is limited , 15. A method for producing a Schwellensohle according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that first the first elastic layer (3), optionally with a connecting layer arranged thereon (7), is prepared as a precursor and then the reinforcing layer (5) the first elastic layer (3) is applied and then or at the same time the second elastic layer (4), preferably as a reaction mixture, is applied.