WO2009107601A1 - アレーアンテナ、タグ通信装置、タグ通信システム及びアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法 - Google Patents
アレーアンテナ、タグ通信装置、タグ通信システム及びアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009107601A1 WO2009107601A1 PCT/JP2009/053261 JP2009053261W WO2009107601A1 WO 2009107601 A1 WO2009107601 A1 WO 2009107601A1 JP 2009053261 W JP2009053261 W JP 2009053261W WO 2009107601 A1 WO2009107601 A1 WO 2009107601A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
- H01Q3/38—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters the phase-shifters being digital
- H01Q3/385—Scan control logics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
- H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an array antenna capable of changing the direction of a radio wave beam, a tag communication apparatus and tag communication system having the array antenna, and an array antenna beam control method.
- an array antenna as one of directional antennas.
- a plurality of antenna elements are arranged (array), and the directivity direction of the radio wave beam can be electronically changed while controlling the phase of the signal flowing through each antenna element. Since the directivity direction of the radio wave beam can be changed by changing the feeding phase of each antenna element, for example, by scanning the radio wave beam as in the tag communication antenna described in Patent Document 1, the communication area It can be used for detecting the moving direction of the tag as in the tag moving direction detecting system described in Patent Document 2.
- the angle is displayed in degrees (° or deg) or in radians, but there is a portion in the formula where the angle is expressed in degrees. Sometimes, the formula interprets the angle as a unit of degrees. Further, when there is a portion in which an angle is expressed in radians as a unit in the mathematical expression, the mathematical expression is interpreted as handling the angle in radians.
- the scan angle ⁇ side does not communicate with the RFID tag attached to the package (not shown) on the scan angle ⁇ side. Only communicate.
- the scan angle is not communicated with the RFID tag attached to the package (not shown) on the scan angle ⁇ side. Communicate only on the ⁇ side.
- the vertical and horizontal directions are the same. Sex is desirable. Then, the vertical and horizontal (vertical horizontal direction) directivities are good, and the minimum array antenna has two elements in the horizontal direction (X axis) and 2 in the vertical direction (Y axis) as shown in FIG.
- the new problem is that of side lobes and grating lobes. That is, as shown in FIG. 8B, when switching to the main lobe ML ⁇ , the side lobe SL ⁇ becomes too large (similarly, when switching to the main lobe ML ⁇ , the side lobe SL ⁇ becomes too large) There was a problem that the detection accuracy of the moving direction was lowered. If the side lobe becomes too large in this way, as shown in FIG.
- the main lobe ML ⁇ is generated on the + side when switching to the scan angle ⁇ , and at the same time, the side lobe SL ⁇ ( Similarly, when switching to the scan angle ⁇ , the main lobe ML ⁇ is generated on the ⁇ side and the side lobe SL ⁇ generated on the + side simultaneously with the RFID tag (not shown).
- the main lobe ML ⁇ is generated on the + side and the side lobe SL ⁇ generated on the + side simultaneously with the RFID tag (not shown).
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the side lobe and the grating lobe while reducing the size of the array antenna itself, and tag communication having this array antenna.
- An apparatus, a tag communication system, and an array antenna beam control method are provided.
- the present invention provides an array antenna capable of electrically controlling the directivity direction of a radio wave beam, the second antenna element being spaced apart on the first virtual straight line, and A third antenna element, and a first antenna element and a fourth antenna element that are spaced apart so as to sandwich the first virtual line on a second virtual line orthogonal to the first virtual line; A variable phase shifter that variably sets a feeding phase of each antenna element; and a control unit that controls the variable phase shifter so that the directivity direction of the radio wave beam is changed along the first virtual straight line. It is characterized by.
- each antenna element is ⁇ 2, the second antenna element is ⁇ 2, the third antenna element is ⁇ 3, the first antenna element is ⁇ 1, the fourth antenna element is ⁇ 4, and the first virtual straight line is X XY coordinates of each antenna element when the Y axis is the axis, the second virtual straight line is the Y axis, the intersection of the X axis and the Y axis is the origin (0,0), and the axis passing through the origin and orthogonal to the XY plane is the Z axis , First antenna element (0, Y1), second antenna element ( ⁇ X1, 0), third antenna element (X2, 0), fourth antenna element (0, ⁇ Y2), wavelength, respectively
- the present invention is also an array antenna capable of electrically controlling the directivity direction of a radio wave beam, the second antenna element and the third antenna element being spaced apart from each other on the first virtual line.
- the first antenna element and the fourth antenna element that are spaced apart from each other on the second virtual line that is orthogonal to the first virtual line, and the feeding phase of each antenna element
- each antenna element is ⁇ 2, the second antenna element is ⁇ 2, the third antenna element is ⁇ 3, the first antenna element is ⁇ 1, the fourth antenna element is ⁇ 4, and the first virtual straight line is X XY coordinates of each antenna element when the Y axis is the axis, the second virtual straight line is the Y axis, the intersection of the X axis and the Y axis is the origin (0,0), and the axis passing through the origin and orthogonal to the XY plane is the Z axis , First antenna element (0, Y1), second antenna element ( ⁇ X1, 0), third antenna element (X2, 0), fourth antenna element (0, ⁇ Y2), wavelength, respectively
- the numbers in the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element are given to have four antenna elements and to clarify the relationship between them. Therefore, the relationship between the respective arrangement relations and the conditional expressions is an important element in the present invention.
- first virtual line and the second virtual line are lines that are virtually used to clarify the arrangement relationship of the first to fourth antenna elements, and are not solid lines.
- being arranged on the first virtual line or the second virtual line means that the center points of the first to fourth antenna elements are arranged on the respective virtual lines.
- the central portion is strictly positioned on each virtual line, and it is only necessary that the center is positioned on the substantially virtual line.
- a square shape may be formed by each of the first to fourth antenna elements, but it need not be a square shape, for example, may be a rhombus shape, and each side (antenna that forms a square) The spacing between elements need not be the same.
- the first antenna element, the second antenna element, the third antenna element, and the fourth antenna element may be composed of patch antennas. If a plurality of antenna elements are configured from a patch antenna, it is preferable because the scan antenna can be manufactured thin and the manufacturing cost can be kept low.
- the tag communication device of the present invention is connected to the array antenna and performs wireless communication with the RFID tag via the array antenna.
- the tag communication device means a reader, a writer or a reader / writer.
- the tag communication system of the present invention transmits a directivity angle command signal for determining a directivity direction of a radio wave beam from the tag communication device or the terminal device to the array antenna, so that the radio wave beam directivity direction is obtained. Is repeatedly variable at a predetermined pitch.
- the directivity angle command signal is a signal for determining the direction of the radio wave beam.
- the directivity angle command signal may be directly transmitted from the tag communication device. Moreover, you may make it transmit via a tag communication apparatus from terminal devices, such as PC (personal computer) connected to this tag communication apparatus. Further, it may be transmitted directly from the terminal device without going through the tag communication device.
- the array antenna beam control method of the present invention includes a second antenna element and a third antenna element that are spaced apart from each other on the first imaginary straight line, and a second orthogonal to the first imaginary straight line.
- a first antenna element and a fourth antenna element that are spaced apart from each other so as to sandwich the first virtual line on the virtual line; and a variable phase shifter that variably sets the feeding phase of each antenna element.
- An array antenna beam control method capable of electrically controlling the directivity direction of a radio wave beam, wherein a variable phase shifter is provided so that the directivity direction of the radio wave beam is changed along a first virtual straight line. It is characterized by controlling.
- the feeding phase of each antenna element is set as follows: ⁇ 2 for the second antenna element, ⁇ 3 for the third antenna element, ⁇ 1 for the first antenna element, and ⁇ 4 for the fourth antenna element.
- the first virtual straight line is the X axis
- the second virtual straight line is the Y axis
- the intersection of the X axis and the Y axis is the origin (0, 0)
- the axis passing through the origin and orthogonal to the XY plane is the Z axis.
- the XY coordinates of each antenna element at the time are respectively the first antenna element (0, Y1), the second antenna element ( ⁇ X1, 0), the third antenna element (X2, 0), and the fourth antenna.
- the array antenna beam control method of the present invention includes a second antenna element and a third antenna element that are spaced apart from each other on the first imaginary straight line, and a second orthogonal to the first imaginary straight line.
- a first antenna element and a fourth antenna element that are spaced apart from each other so as to sandwich the first virtual line on the virtual line; and a variable phase shifter that variably sets the feeding phase of each antenna element.
- an array antenna beam control method capable of electrically controlling the directivity direction of the radio wave beam, wherein the directivity direction of the radio wave beam can be selected along the first virtual line or the second virtual line
- the variable phase shifter is controlled to be changed.
- the feeding phase of each antenna element is set as follows: ⁇ 2 for the second antenna element, ⁇ 3 for the third antenna element, ⁇ 1 for the first antenna element, and ⁇ 4 for the fourth antenna element.
- the first virtual straight line is the X axis
- the second virtual straight line is the Y axis
- the intersection of the X axis and the Y axis is the origin (0, 0)
- the axis passing through the origin and orthogonal to the XY plane is the Z axis.
- the XY coordinates of each antenna element at the time are respectively the first antenna element (0, Y1), the second antenna element ( ⁇ X1, 0), the third antenna element (X2, 0), and the fourth antenna.
- Each feed phase is set to satisfy all ,
- Each feeding phase may be set so as to satisfy all sin ( ⁇ ) / ⁇ , and the directivity direction of the radio wave beam may be directed from the Z axis on the YZ plane to the ⁇ direction.
- the second and third antenna elements spaced apart on the first virtual line, and the second virtual line orthogonal to the first virtual line.
- a first antenna element and a fourth antenna element that are spaced apart from each other so as to sandwich the first virtual line, and a variable phase shifter that variably sets the feeding phase of each antenna element.
- the variable phase shifter is controlled so that the directivity direction of the radio wave beam is changed along the first virtual straight line.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the tag communication system of the present invention
- FIG. 2A is a plan view of the schematic configuration of the array antenna of the present invention viewed from the back side
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the directivity direction of the array antenna of the present invention
- FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams showing the principle of the feeding phase to each antenna element of the array antenna of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of the feeding phase to each antenna element of the array antenna of the present invention
- FIG. 6 shows the side lobe reduction effect in the array antenna of the present invention. Each graph is shown.
- a tag communication system 10 includes an array antenna 20, a reader / writer 30 connected to the array antenna 20, and a personal computer (hereinafter referred to as “PC”) connected to the reader / writer 30. 40.
- PC personal computer
- the array antenna 20 includes four antenna elements 21a to 21d, variable phase shifters 22a to 22d connected to the respective antenna elements 21a to 21d, and a controller 25 connected to each of the variable phase shifters 22a to 22d.
- Control board 24 is connected to each of the variable phase shifters 22a to 22d.
- the four antenna elements 21a to 21d are circular patch antennas, that is, thin flat surfaces in which a conductor plate made of copper or the like is used as a ground plane, a dielectric is laminated thereon, and a circular conductor is laminated thereon. It is an antenna.
- a circular patch antenna is used as an antenna element.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a rectangular patch antenna or a dipole antenna can be applied.
- the antenna element 21b and the antenna element 21c are arranged on the virtual straight line L1, and the antenna element 21a and the antenna element 21d are arranged on the virtual straight line L2, respectively.
- the imaginary straight line L1 and the imaginary straight line L2 are arranged such that the antenna elements 21a to 21d are arranged on the respective axes when the horizontal direction is the X axis and the vertical direction is the Y axis as shown in FIG. This is a virtual line used to explain the fact that it is present, not a solid line.
- the antenna element 21b and the antenna element 21c are arranged on the virtual straight line L1 (the antenna element 21a and the antenna element 21d are on the virtual straight line L2)” means that the centers of the antenna elements 21a to 21d are the respective virtual straight lines. Although it means that it is located at L1, L2, it does not require that the central portion is strictly located on the respective virtual straight lines L1, L2, and it is only required to be located on the virtual straight lines L1, L2. .
- the horizontal direction (X-axis) and the vertical direction (Y-axis) mentioned here are directions and axes when scanning a main beam described later.
- a square shape is formed by the antenna elements 21a to 21d.
- the spacing d) need not be the same.
- variable phase shifters 22a to 22d are elements that function to change the feeding phase to each antenna element, and various variable phase shifters can be applied.
- this variable phase shifter there is a variable phase shifter configured by inserting a liquid crystal between a conductor line and ground. When a control signal is applied between the conductor line and the ground, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal changes, and as a result, the propagation speed of the microwave traveling through the transmission line changes.
- the controller 25 functions to control the DC voltage to each of the variable phase shifters 22a to 22d in accordance with the angle command signal transmitted from the reader / writer 30, and internally shown in FIG. 2 (b).
- An internal table TB is stored.
- the angle command signal is a signal for instructing an angle ⁇ that determines the directing direction of a radio wave beam (main lobe) emitted from the array antenna 20.
- the feeding phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 to the antenna elements 21a to 21d are stored in association with the DC voltage for each directivity direction ⁇ .
- the reader / writer 30 functions under the control of the PC 40 to transmit an angle command signal to the controller 25 and to transmit an RF (Radio Frequency) signal to each of the antenna elements 21a to 21d.
- the RF signal is distributed to the antenna elements 21a and 21b and the antenna elements 21c and 21d by the distributor 23b, and further, the distributed RF signal is distributed to the antenna elements 21a and 21b by the distributor 23a.
- the signal is distributed to the antenna elements 21c and 21d by the distributor 23c.
- the angle command signal or the RF signal is transmitted under the control of the PC 40.
- a configuration in which the control function of the PC 40 is incorporated in the reader / writer 30 and the PC 40 is not required is also applicable.
- the controller 25 is mounted on the array antenna 20, but the controller 25 is provided outside and the array antenna 20 is configured not to be mounted with the controller 25, or the reader / writer 30 incorporates the function. Configurations are also applicable.
- the arrangement configuration of the antenna elements 21a to 21d and the feeding phase to each of the antenna elements 21a to 21d are set so as to satisfy the following formula, and other configurations are various. The configuration of can be applied.
- the antenna elements 21a to 21d of the array antenna 20 are arranged as described above, that is, when the horizontal direction is the X axis, the vertical direction is the Y axis, and the axis orthogonal to the XY plane is the Z axis.
- each antenna element is the antenna element 21a (0, Y1), antenna element 21b (-X1, 0), antenna element 21c (X2, 0), antenna element 21d (0, -Y2), and the wavelengths ⁇ and
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining the principle of directivity control in the array antenna. Specifically, in the case where there are the antenna element 21a and the antenna element 21b arranged at a distance d in parallel, assuming that the respective feeding phases are ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2, the directivity direction of the radio wave beam is ⁇ relative to the broadside direction. A state tilted in the direction is shown.
- the array antenna 20 is viewed in the horizontal direction, it appears as if the antenna element 21e exists at the origin O (0, 0), and when viewed in the horizontal direction, the three antenna elements 21b, 21e, 21c are spaced apart. It is equivalent to being arranged on the X axis via d ′.
- ⁇ 45 °, It becomes.
- the antenna elements 21a to 21d are numbered 1 to 4 as shown in FIG. 5, the feeding phases to the antenna elements 21a to 21d are ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4, and the X and Y axes are taken as shown in the figure.
- the XY coordinates of the antenna elements 21a to 21d are the antenna elements 21a (0, Y1), 21b ( ⁇ X2, 0), 21c (X2, 0), and 21d (0, ⁇ Y2), respectively.
- the phase difference in the array antenna 20 of the present invention configured as described above and the phase difference in the array antenna 201 (hereinafter referred to as “conventional array antenna”) configured as shown in FIG. It is as follows when putting in numerical values and comparing.
- the antenna element interval d shown in FIG. 4 (a) is set to 150 mm (0.15 m), and the antenna elements 21a to 21d are formed as a square array antenna 20 with one side of 150 mm, and the operating frequency is 950 MHz.
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 99 ° from the above equation (1).
- FIG. 6 shows a side lobe generation state in a case where the directivity direction is set to ⁇ 35 ° in comparison with a normal array antenna.
- the vertical axis represents gain [dBi]
- the horizontal axis represents ⁇ [deg]
- the solid line represents the array antenna shown in FIG. 8A
- the dotted line represents the case where the array antenna of the present invention is used.
- the crest indicates the gain of the main lobe
- the second crest on the right side indicates the gain of the side lobe in each array antenna.
- the side lobes are dramatically reduced as compared with the conventional ordinary array antenna.
- the antenna elements 21a to 21d are arranged as shown in FIGS. 2A and 5, and the feeding phases ⁇ 1 to ⁇ 4 to the antenna elements 21a to 21d are expressed by the above conditional expressions.
- the array antenna itself can be reduced in size while reducing the side lobes. If this downsized array antenna is used for detecting the moving direction of a moving object such as a luggage as described above, the size of the array antenna itself can be reduced, and the accuracy of detecting the moving object does not decrease.
- the block diagram which shows typically schematic structure of the tag communication system of this invention.
- (A) is a top view which shows schematic structure of the array antenna of this invention,
- (b) is the internal table memorize
- (A) And (b) is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the principle of the electric power feeding phase to each antenna element of the array antenna of this invention.
- the graph which shows the reduction effect of the side lobe in the array antenna of this invention.
- (A) is a top view which shows schematic structure of the conventional array antenna
- (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the state of a scan
- (c) is a graph which shows the principle of a moving direction detection.
- (A) is a top view which shows schematic structure of the conventional array antenna
- (b) is a schematic diagram which shows the state of a scan
- (c) is a graph which shows the principle of a moving direction detection.
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Abstract
Description
<数1>
φ1=φ4
φ2=2π・X1・sin(θ)/λ+φ1
φ3=φ1-2π・X2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定することにより、電波のビームの指向方向をXZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けることができる。以下この原理について図3~5を参照して説明する。
<数2>
d・sin(θ)=(φ1-φ2)・λ/2π・・・(1) となる。
<数3>
d´=d・cos(Θ)・・・(2)
となる。このアレーアンテナ20を水平方向で見てみると、あたかも原点O(0,0)にアンテナ素子21eが存在するかのように見え、水平方向で見れば3つのアンテナ素子21b、21e、21cが間隔d´を介してX軸上に配置されているのと等価である。なお、ここでは、正方形状であるので、Θ=45°となり、
となる。
<数4>
φ1=φ4・・・(3)
φ2=2π・X1・sin(θ)/λ+φ1・・・(4)
φ3=φ1-2π・X2・sin(θ)/λ・・・(5)
<数5>
φ2=φ3
φ1=2π・Y1・sin(θ)/λ+φ2
φ4=φ2-2π・Y2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相φ1~φ4を設定することにより、電波のビームの指向方向をYZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けることができる。なお、コントローラ25により、電波のビームの指向方向を、水平方向あるいは垂直方向に沿って選択可能にしておくことも可能である。
20 アレーアンテナ
21a、21b、21c、21d アンテナ素子
22a、22b、22c、22d 可変移相器
23a、23b、23c 分配器
24 制御ボード
25 コントローラ
30 リーダライタ(タグ通信装置)
40 パーソナルコンピュータ
L1 第1の仮想直線
L2 第2の仮想直線
TB 内部テーブル
φ1、φ2、φ3、φ4 給電位相
θ アレーアンテナの指向方向を示す角度
Claims (11)
- 電波のビームの指向方向を電気的に制御可能なアレーアンテナであって、
第1の仮想直線上に離間して配置された第2のアンテナ素子及び第3のアンテナ素子と、第1の仮想直線と直交する第2の仮想直線上に第1の仮想直線を挟むように離間して配置された第1のアンテナ素子及び第4のアンテナ素子と、
各アンテナ素子の給電位相を可変に設定する可変移相器と、
電波のビームの指向方向が第1の仮想直線に沿って変更されるよう可変移相器を制御する制御手段と、を備えること
を特徴とするアレーアンテナ。 - 各アンテナ素子の給電位相を、第2のアンテナ素子はφ2、第3のアンテナ素子はφ3、第1のアンテナ素子はφ1、第4のアンテナ素子はφ4とし、第1の仮想直線をX軸、第2の仮想直線をY軸、X軸とY軸の交点を原点(0,0)及び原点を通過しXY平面と直交する軸をZ軸とした際における各アンテナ素子のXY座標を、それぞれ、第1のアンテナ素子(0,Y1)、第2のアンテナ素子(-X1,0)、第3のアンテナ素子(X2,0)、第4のアンテナ素子(0,-Y2)、波長λ及び指向方向θとした場合に、
制御手段は、可変移相器に対し、次の条件式
φ1=φ4
φ2=2π・X1・sin(θ)/λ+φ1
φ3=φ1-2π・X2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定させることにより、電波のビームの指向方向をXZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けさせること
を特徴とする請求項1に記載のアレーアンテナ。 - 電波のビームの指向方向を電気的に制御可能なアレーアンテナであって、
第1の仮想直線上に離間して配置された第2のアンテナ素子及び第3のアンテナ素子と、第1の仮想直線と直交する第2の仮想直線上に第1の仮想直線を挟むように離間して配置された第1のアンテナ素子及び第4のアンテナ素子と、
各アンテナ素子の給電位相を可変に設定する可変移相器と、
電波のビームの指向方向が第1の仮想直線あるいは第2の仮想直線に沿って選択可能に変更されるよう可変移相器を制御する制御手段と、を備えること
を特徴とするアレーアンテナ。 - 各アンテナ素子の給電位相を、第2のアンテナ素子はφ2、第3のアンテナ素子はφ3、第1のアンテナ素子はφ1、第4のアンテナ素子はφ4とし、第1の仮想直線をX軸、第2の仮想直線をY軸、X軸とY軸の交点を原点(0,0)及び原点を通過しXY平面と直交する軸をZ軸とした際における各アンテナ素子のXY座標を、それぞれ、第1のアンテナ素子(0,Y1)、第2のアンテナ素子(-X1,0)、第3のアンテナ素子(X2,0)、第4のアンテナ素子(0,-Y2)、波長λ及び指向方向θとした場合に、
制御手段は、可変移相器に対し、次の条件式
φ1=φ4
φ2=2π・X1・sin(θ)/λ+φ1
φ3=φ1-2π・X2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定させることにより、電波のビームの指向方向をXZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けることができ、
一方、次の条件式
φ2=φ3
φ1=2π・Y1・sin(θ)/λ+φ2
φ4=φ2-2π・Y2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定させることにより、電波のビームの指向方向をYZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けさせること
を特徴とする請求項3に記載のアレーアンテナ。 - 上記第1のアンテナ素子、第2のアンテナ素子、第3のアンテナ素子及び第4のアンテナ素子は、パッチアンテナからなることを特徴する請求項1~4いずれか1項に記載のアレーアンテナ。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のアレーアンテナに接続されるとともに、このアレーアンテナを介してRFIDタグと無線通信を行うことを特徴とするタグ通信装置。
- 電波のビームの指向方向を決定する指向角度指令信号を、上記請求項6に記載のタグ通信装置あるいは端末装置から上記アレーアンテナに対し発信することにより、上記電波のビームの指向方向を所定のピッチで繰り返し可変可能であることを特徴とするタグ通信システム。
- 第1の仮想直線上に離間して配置された第2のアンテナ素子及び第3のアンテナ素子と、第1の仮想直線と直交する第2の仮想直線上に第1の仮想直線を挟むように離間して配置された第1のアンテナ素子及び第4のアンテナ素子と、各アンテナ素子の給電位相を可変に設定する可変移相器と、を有するとともに、電波のビームの指向方向を電気的に制御可能なアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法であって、
電波のビームの指向方向が第1の仮想直線に沿って変更されるよう可変移相器を制御すること
を特徴とするアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法。 - 各アンテナ素子の給電位相を、第2のアンテナ素子はφ2、第3のアンテナ素子はφ3、第1のアンテナ素子はφ1、第4のアンテナ素子はφ4とし、第1の仮想直線をX軸、第2の仮想直線をY軸、X軸とY軸の交点を原点(0,0)及び原点を通過しXY平面と直交する軸をZ軸とした際における各アンテナ素子のXY座標を、それぞれ、第1のアンテナ素子(0,Y1)、第2のアンテナ素子(-X1,0)、第3のアンテナ素子(X2,0)、第4のアンテナ素子(0,-Y2)、波長λ及び指向方向θとした場合に、
可変移相器に対し、次の条件式
φ1=φ4
φ2=2π・X1・sin(θ)/λ+φ1
φ3=φ1-2π・X2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定させ、電波のビームの指向方向をXZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けさせること
を特徴とする請求項8に記載のアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法。 - 第1の仮想直線上に離間して配置された第2のアンテナ素子及び第3のアンテナ素子と、第1の仮想直線と直交する第2の仮想直線上に第1の仮想直線を挟むように離間して配置された第1のアンテナ素子及び第4のアンテナ素子と、各アンテナ素子の給電位相を可変に設定する可変移相器と、を有するとともに、電波のビームの指向方向を電気的に制御可能なアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法であって、
電波のビームの指向方向が第1の仮想直線あるいは第2の仮想直線に沿って選択可能に変更されるよう可変移相器を制御すること
を特徴とするアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法。 - 各アンテナ素子の給電位相を、第2のアンテナ素子はφ2、第3のアンテナ素子はφ3、第1のアンテナ素子はφ1、第4のアンテナ素子はφ4とし、第1の仮想直線をX軸、第2の仮想直線をY軸、X軸とY軸の交点を原点(0,0)及び原点を通過しXY平面と直交する軸をZ軸とした際における各アンテナ素子のXY座標を、それぞれ、第1のアンテナ素子(0,Y1)、第2のアンテナ素子(-X1,0)、第3のアンテナ素子(X2,0)、第4のアンテナ素子(0,-Y2)、波長λ及び指向方向θとした場合に、
可変移相器に対し、次の条件式
φ1=φ4
φ2=2π・X1・sin(θ)/λ+φ1
φ3=φ1-2π・X2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定させ、電波のビームの指向方向をXZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けさせ、
一方、次の条件式
φ2=φ3
φ1=2π・Y1・sin(θ)/λ+φ2
φ4=φ2-2π・Y2・sin(θ)/λ
を全て満たすように各給電位相を設定させ、電波のビームの指向方向をYZ平面上Z軸からθ方向に向けさせること
を特徴とする請求項10に記載のアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法。
Priority Applications (4)
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| EP09714896.9A EP2246934B1 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-24 | Array antenna, tag communication device, tag communication system, and beam control method for array antenna |
| US12/744,299 US8362954B2 (en) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-24 | Array antenna, tag communication device, tag communication system, and beam control method for array antenna |
| CN200980102618.6A CN101919116B (zh) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-24 | 阵列天线、标签通信装置、标签通信系统、及阵列天线的波束控制方法 |
| JP2010500688A JP5234372B2 (ja) | 2008-02-29 | 2009-02-24 | アレーアンテナ、タグ通信装置、タグ通信システム及びアレーアンテナのビーム制御方法 |
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| US (1) | US8362954B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2246934B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5234372B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101919116B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009107601A1 (ja) |
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| JP2016208223A (ja) * | 2015-04-21 | 2016-12-08 | 株式会社日立産機システム | アンテナ装置及び測位信号の送信機 |
| KR102018083B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-09-04 | 성균관대학교산학협력단 | 광대역 패치 어레이 안테나 장치 |
| US10693227B2 (en) | 2015-10-14 | 2020-06-23 | Nec Corporation | Patch array antenna, directivity control method therefor and wireless device using patch array antenna |
| US12388165B2 (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2025-08-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Antenna apparatus, communication apparatus, and image capturing system |
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| TWI667842B (zh) * | 2016-04-15 | 2019-08-01 | 和碩聯合科技股份有限公司 | 天線系統及控制方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101919116A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
| EP2246934A1 (en) | 2010-11-03 |
| JPWO2009107601A1 (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
| JP5234372B2 (ja) | 2013-07-10 |
| US8362954B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 |
| EP2246934B1 (en) | 2019-04-24 |
| US20100295729A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| CN101919116B (zh) | 2014-12-17 |
| EP2246934A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
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