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WO2009100479A1 - Dérive pour planche de surf - Google Patents

Dérive pour planche de surf Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009100479A1
WO2009100479A1 PCT/AU2009/000147 AU2009000147W WO2009100479A1 WO 2009100479 A1 WO2009100479 A1 WO 2009100479A1 AU 2009000147 W AU2009000147 W AU 2009000147W WO 2009100479 A1 WO2009100479 A1 WO 2009100479A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
foil
fin
watercraft
leading
surfboard
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2009/000147
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Courtney James Potter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2008900625A external-priority patent/AU2008900625A0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2009214814A priority Critical patent/AU2009214814A1/en
Publication of WO2009100479A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009100479A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
    • B63B32/60—Board appendages, e.g. fins, hydrofoils or centre boards

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fin for a watercraft, particularly, although not exclusively, a surfboard.
  • Surfboards have been used as a recreational pastime and sport for some decades. Surfboards comprise an elongate deck made of materials such as polyurethane or polystyrene with a pointed or rounded front end or 'nose' and a back end or 'tail'. The edges of the surfboard are called the 'rail'.
  • the underside of the surfboard is called the bottom and this rests on the water when in use.
  • one or more fins are provided on the bottom of the surfboard towards the tail of the surfboard. Fins provide stability for the surfboard, reducing the tendency for the surfboard to slide sideways on the water. Single or multiple fin arrangements are known.
  • Fins extend substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the surfboard and are generally constructed to have a curved cross-sectional profile with at least one curved face.
  • Surfers stand on the deck of the surfboard and ride breaking waves. Surfers are able to manoeuvre the surfboard by leaning their bodies at different angles. Particularly, the surfer will lean so as to dip the left or right rails into the wave to enable the surfboard to turn when riding the wave.
  • the rail can have a rounded or squared cross-section, and the shape will also have an effect upon the way in which the surfboard rides across the surface of the water, and the wave face. It is the combination of the hydrodynamic effects of the curvature of the rail, the orientation and construction of the fin(s) and any curvature of the bottom of the surfboard that contribute to the dynamics and manoeuvrability of the surfboard.
  • the effect of the curved surfaces on the velocity of water travelling over the surfaces of the rail and fin and velocity and pressure differentials arising therefrom, as well as the Coanda effect influence the manoeuvrability of the surfboard.
  • a watercraft fin comprising a leading foil, an inner foil and an outer foil, the leading foil, the inner foil and the outer foil having proximal ends for attachment to a watercraft and distal ends, the inner foil and the outer foil being integrally formed at the distal ends to define a curved outer portion, and the leading foil being integrally formed with the curved outer portion at its distal end.
  • the inner foil and the outer foil have a curvi-linear cross-sectional profile.
  • the inner foil and the outer foil have a cross-sectional profile in which both faces are curved.
  • the leading foil has a cross-sectional profile in which both faces are curved, a first face being concave and a second face being convex.
  • the leading foil has a cross-sectional profile in which first and second faces are convex.
  • the leading foil extends from the curved portion with a lateral curve therein.
  • the leading foil is arranged forward of the inner foil and the outer foil.
  • the inner foil is mounted forward of the outer foil.
  • the leading foil, inner foil and outer foil have splayed proximal ends.
  • a watercraft comprising a board comprising a deck, a bottom, and at least two edges and at least one fin provided at the bottom, the at least one fin comprising a leading foil, an inner foil and an outer foil, the leading foil, the inner foil and the outer foil having proximal ends for attachment to the bottom and distal ends, the inner foil and the outer foil being integrally formed at the distal ends to define a curved outer portion, and the leading foil being integrally formed with the curved outer portion at its distal end.
  • the inner foil and the outer foil have a curvi-linear cross-sectional profile.
  • the inner foil and the outer foil have a cross-sectional profile in which both faces are curved.
  • the leading foil has a cross-sectional profile in which both faces are curved, a first face being concave and a second face being convex.
  • the leading foil has a cross-sectional profile in which first and second faces are convex.
  • the leading foil extends from the curved portion with a lateral curve therein.
  • the watercraft comprises at least two fins, one fin adjacent each of the edges of the watercraft.
  • the watercraft comprises a third fin located substantially centrally of the width of the watercraft.
  • the present invention has the advantage that the cross-sectional profile and the arrangement of the leading, inner and outer foils may combine the Coanda effect with other hydrodynamic effects to generate improved stability and manoeuvrability than known surfboards.
  • the present invention may also be structurally stronger than traditional fins.
  • the provision of the curved top surface of the fins may also provide a protective element as its curved profile may be blunt rather than sharp with traditional surfboard fins.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic, perspective drawing of a surfboard incorporating two fins in accordance with an aspect of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an underside view of the rear section of the surfboard of Figure 1 , as viewed in the direction of arrow Il in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a rear view of the tail of the surfboard of Figure 1 , as viewed in the direction of arrow III in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a side perspective view of a first outside fin for mounting on the surfboard of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 is a front perspective view of the first outside fin of Figure 4, as viewed in the direction of arrow V in Figure 4;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of a first outside fin for mounting on the surfboard of Figure 1;
  • Figure 7A is a front view of the first outside fin of Figure 6, as viewed in the direction of arrow VII in Figure 6;
  • Figure 7B is a front view of a second outside fin for mounting on the surfboard of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 8A is a rear view of the first outside fin of Figure 6, as viewed in the direction of arrow VIII in Figure 6;
  • Figure 8B is a front view of a second outside fin for mounting on the surfboard of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 9 is a schematic cross section of the first outside fin of Figure 6, as viewed along the plane IX-IX' in Figure 4, illustrating water flow around the foils of the fin during travel of the fin through water;
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a central fin for mounting on the surfboard of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 11 is a front view of the central fin of Figure 11 , as viewed in the direction of arrow Xl in Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a schematic partial cross-section of the rail edge of the surfboard of Figure 1 illustrating the travel of the surfboard through a wave;
  • Figure 13 schematically illustrates how the fins and rail of the surfboard of Figure 1 assist the travel of the surfboard through a wave;
  • Figure 14A is a schematic plan view of a surfboard with the central fin of Figure 10 mounted thereon;
  • Figure 14B is a schematic side view along the direction of arrow XIV of the surfboard illustrated in Figure 14A;
  • Figure 15 illustrates the fluid flow around the central fin of Figure 10
  • Figure 16A is a schematic plan view of a surfboard with the central fin of Figure 10 mounted thereon with two conventional outer fins;
  • Figure 16B is a schematic side view along the direction of arrow XVI of the surfboard illustrated in Figure 16A.
  • a surfboard 1 has a deck 2, a bottom 3, a nose 4 and a tail 5.
  • the rails 6a, 6b or edges of the surfboard 1 run from the nose 4 to the tail 5.
  • the rails 6a, 6b have a curved edge, although other constructions can be used.
  • This curved cross section is illustrated schematically in Figure 12.
  • the straight profile of the bottom 3 and the curved profile of the deck 2 provide for high pressure and low pressure areas adjacent the bottom 3 and deck 2 respectively. This, along with the downward force of the surfer standing on the surfboard 1 allows the surfboard 1 to ride the wave: the face 26 of the wave being illustrated in Figure 12.
  • the three fins 7, 8a, 8b extend substantially vertically from the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1 parallel to the longitudinal axis 9 of the surfboard 1.
  • the central fin 7 is located substantially centrally of the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1 along the longitudinal axis 9 and adjacent the tail 5.
  • the outer fins 8a, 8b are located towards the rail 6a, 6b, respectively, forward of the central fin 7 and substantially equal distances from the longitudinal axis 9.
  • the central fin 7 is a conventional fin and need not be described in any further detail herein.
  • the outer fins 8a, 8b will now be described in further detail.
  • the two outer fins 8a, 8b are substantially identical, except that one is a mirror image of the other.
  • the first outer fin 8a which is designed to be located towards the first rail 6a. In this embodiment, this would be the left-hand rail 6a as determined by a surfer standing on the deck 2 of the surfboard 1.
  • the first outer fin 8a comprises three separate foil sections 10, 11 , 12 joined together to form an integral unit, as will be described in more detail below.
  • the first outer fin 8a is illustrated in more detail in Figures 4 to 6.
  • the three foils are an inner foil 10, an outer foil 11 , and a leading foil 12.
  • Each foil 10, 11 , 12 has a proximate end 10a, 11a, 12a for attaching to the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1 , and distal ends 10b, 11b, 12b.
  • the distal ends 10b, 11b, 12b are joined together to form the integral fin unit.
  • the distal end 10b of the inner foil 10 and the distal end 11 b of the outer foil 11 are joined together in a curved configuration to define a substantially U-shaped curved outer portion or arch 14 of the first outer fin 8a. This can be seen clearly in Figure 4.
  • the distal end 12b of the leading foil 12 is also joined to the curved outer portion or arch 14 so as to be integrally formed with therewith.
  • the leading foil 12 extends from the arch 14 at an angle to the vertical so that the proximate ends 10a, 11a, 12a of the respective foils 10, 11, 12 have a generally triangular configuration in relation to each other when mounted on the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1.
  • the leading foil 12, the inner foil 10, and the outer foil 11 extend from the arch 14 at an orientation so that when the first outside fin 8a is mounted on the surfboard
  • the leading foil 12 is mounted forward of both the inner foil 10, and the outer foil
  • the outer foil 11 and the inner foil 10 extend so that, when the first outer fin 8a is mounted on the surfboard 1 , the outer foil 11 is located towards the first rail 6a (i.e. 'railside') of the surfboard 1 while the inner foil 10 is located towards the central longitudinal axis 9 of the surfboard 1.
  • the inner foil 10 is mounted slightly forward of the outer foil 11. This can be seen in Figures 3 and 6.
  • the staggered arrangement allows the water to move freely around the foils 10, 11 , 12 during manoeuvres.
  • the leading foil 12 extends with a slight lateral curve so that, when it is mounted on the surfboard 1 , the leading foil 12 curves towards the longitudinal axis 9 of the surfboard 1. This can be seen in Figures 3 and 6. This lateral curve is important as it enhances the Coanda effect - which is discussed in more detail below.
  • the curve assists the water flow to the inner foil 10 which increases the velocity of the water flow. However, in an alternative embodiment, there can be no curve.
  • the arch 14 of the first outer fin 8a defines a curved outer surface 17 which acts similar to the rails 6a, 6b - that is that water will tend to flow along the curved surface 17 in accordance with the Coanda effect, thus providing release and hold in the same way as the rail 6a, 6b functions when the surfboard 1 travel across the water and in the face 26 of a wave.
  • This is illustrated schematically in Figure 13, with high pressure developed under the surfboard 1 and the weight of the surfer acting downwards on the surfboard 1 as discussed above.
  • leading foil 12, the inner foil 10 and the outer foil 10 have specific horizontal cross -sectional profiles to provide the required functionality and advantages over known surfboard fins. These are illustrated in Figure 9.
  • the inner and outer foils 10, 11 have a horizontal cross-sectional profile in which each has a curved upper face 13 that faces the first rail 6a, while the opposing inner face 14 of each of the inner and outer foils 10, 11 is substantially planar with a slightly foiled edge that allows for the Coanda effect to work - see Figure 9. That is the inner and outer foils 10, 11 have a curvi-linear cross-sectional profile.
  • the leading foil 12 has both faces 15, 16 that are curved - again towards the first rail 6a.
  • the leading foil upper face 15 is curved towards the first rail 6a in the same way as the curved upper faces 13 for the inner and outer foil 10, 11 i.e. a convex curve.
  • the lower curved face 16 is curved inwardly (or concave in profile).
  • the inner foil 10, the outer foil 11 , and the leading foil 12 have splayed proximate ends 10a, 11a, and 12a.
  • the profiles and curvature of the foils 10, 11 , 12 may be altered to meet the requirements of the performance of the surfboard 1.
  • the arch 14 may be made tighter or larger in size for use in large waves, while the arch 14 can be wider or smaller for use in smaller waves or for other surf craft. Variations to the size and relative dimensions and shape can be made, providing the dynamics of the water flow are maintained.
  • the other second outer fin 8b is the same as the first outer fin 8a described above, except that it is a mirror image.
  • the curved faces 13 of the inner and outer foils 10, 11 also face the rail 6b when the second outer fin 8b is mounted on the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1.
  • Figures 7A and 8A provide front and rear views of the second outer fin 8b - as compared to the front and rear view of the first outer fin 8a illustrated in Figures 7B and 8B.
  • the sizes and dimensions of the outer fins 8a, 8b depend to some extent upon the performance required of the surfboard 1. As an example, the dimensions described below are used. There are a number of different aspects to the shape and size of the outer fins 8a, 8b, as will be described in more detail below:
  • Base This is the length of the outer fin 8a, 8b where it meets the surfboard 1.
  • the base primarily affects the amount of drive the surfboard 1 will have. Generally the more base the more area the outer fin 8a, 8b has to push against the water and therefore the more drive. The less base the shorter the turning arc.
  • the base sizes for the outer fins 8a, 8b are as follows: leading foil 12 - 80-105mm, inner foil 10 - 80-95mm, and outer foil 11 - 70mm. The length from the tip of leading foil 12 to the back of the outer foil 11 is 220mm.
  • Height (Depth) The height of the fin determines the distance/depth that the outer fin 8a, 8b penetrates into the water. It affects the hold and control the outer fin 8a,
  • (depth) of the outer fins 8a, 8b from base to highest point is between 112mm and 125mm.
  • Sweep The sweep is the angle measured between the vertical line from the midpoint of the base to the highest point on the fin. Put simply, this is the extent to which the outline shape is curved backwards. The more sweep, the longer the turning arc, whilst the less sweep, the tighter the turning arc. In this embodiment, the sweep of the leading foil 12 is 55 degrees.
  • the inner and outer foils 10, 11 have a sweep of 100 degrees.
  • the toe angle is the angle the outer fin subtends to the centre line (sometimes called a 'stringer") of the surfboard 1.
  • the optimum toe angle for the outer fins 8a, 8b is 5 to 6 degrees
  • the cant is the angle of the outer fin 8a, 8b leaning out from the bottom surface 3 of the surfboard 1.
  • the cant for the leading foil 12 is 84 to 94 degrees.
  • Fin distance from tail of board The placement of fins in relation to how far back towards the tail 5 of the surfboard 1 affects the looseness of the surfboard 1. The further back the fin towards the tail 5 the stiffer the surfboard 1 feels during manoeuvres and the further forward to wards the nose 4 the looser the feel of the surfboard 1.
  • the distance of the outer foil 11 to the tail 5 is 254mm, and can be adjusted depending on desired performance.
  • the inner and outer foils 10, 11 and the leading foil12 generate more lift for less drag - therefore are more efficient, faster, can push them harder, are smoother and offer more controlled maneuvers.
  • the surfboard 1 When in the water, the surfboard 1 will be travelling in the direction of arrow A (as shown in Figure 9).
  • the flow of the water around the first outer fin 8a, and the inner foil 10, the outer foil 11 and the leading foil 12 can be seen.
  • the Venturi effect provides pressure variations (due to velocity variations in the fluid flow) with low pressure regions within the central region 19 of the first outer fin 8a, while the two curved faces of the leading foil 12 result in the Coanda effect providing improved water flow around the leading foil 12.
  • the synergistic effects of the three foils 10, 11 , 12 and in particular the Coanda effect of the leading foil 12, and the Venturi effect providing low and high pressure regions around the three foils 10, 11, 12 provide for reduced drag and turbulence in the water flow in and around the fin 8a and thus enhanced stability and manoeuvrability of the surfboard 1.
  • the joining of the three foils 10, 11 , 12 and the resultant curved outer surface 17 of the arch 14 increase cohesion of the surfboard 1 to the wave face when turning while reducing drag. This also helps water flow around the inner foil 10, and the outer foil 11.
  • the central fin 20 can also have a three- foil construction. This is illustrated schematically in Figures 10 and 11.
  • the central fin 20 in this embodiment comprises first and second rear foils 21 , 22, and a central forward foil 23 joined together to form an integral unit. As with the first and second outer fins 8a, 8b, this central fin 20 forms a central fin arch 24 or outer curved portion provided by the joining of distal ends 21 a, 21 b of the first and second rear foils 21 , 22.
  • the central forward foil 23 also extends from the central fin arch 24. In this embodiment, all first and second rear foils 21 , 22 and the central forward foil 23 have curved faces 25, rather than one curved face and one planar face.
  • Figures 14A and 14B are partial plan and side views of a surfboard 1 with a central fin 20 fixed thereon.
  • Base central forward foil 23 - 80mm, first and second rear foils 21 , 22 - 75 mm. The length from tip of central forward foil 23 to the back of the rear foils 21 , 22 - 111mm.
  • the surfboard 1 can be any suitable surfboard and, as such, need not be described in any further detail herein.
  • the fin is manufactured from resin or any other suitable material such as fibre glass, plastic, epoxy, wood, aluminium or other strong lightweight material. Any suitable manufacturing technique can be used.
  • the foils can be permanently and integrally formed with the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1.
  • the fins 7, 8a, 8b can be detachably mounted on to the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1 using any suitable fixing, for example using available fin attachment systems, bolts or screws.
  • the use of three foils in particular provides extra contact points with the bottom 3 of the surfboard 1. This provides the more robust attachment to the surfboard 1 referred to above, and also makes the surfboard 1 go faster in powerful sections of waves and provides increased 'hold' of the waves. While the embodiment described herein describes the use of two outer fins 8a, 8b used with either a conventional central fin 3 or a three-foiled central fin 20.
  • the surfboard 1 could be used without a central fin, or could be used with a three- foiled central fin 20 but without the two first and second outer fins 8a, 8b - as illustrated in Figures 14A and 14B.
  • the central fin 20 could be used with conventional fins on the outside - see Figures 16A and 16B.
  • the three foiled fin can be used in any known surfboard configuration.
  • embodiments of the fin according to the invention may be used with watercraft other than surfboards that would benefit from their use including, for example, body-boards and sail boards.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une dérive pour une planche de surf, laquelle dérive comprend trois ailes – une aile avant, une aile interne et une aile externe. Les trois ailes sont réunies ensemble pour former une unité d'un seul tenant avec une extrémité distale incurvée. Les trois ailes sont agencées dans une relation espacée par rapport à la dérive avant devant les ailes interne et externe. Les ailes peuvent avoir des sections transversales incurvées ou curvilignes. La dérive peut être utilisée avec une dérive centrale classique ou avec une dérive analogue à la dérive centrale. La dérive utilise l'effet de Coanda pour améliorer les performances de la planche de surf.
PCT/AU2009/000147 2008-02-11 2009-02-10 Dérive pour planche de surf Ceased WO2009100479A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2009214814A AU2009214814A1 (en) 2008-02-11 2009-02-10 Surfboard fin

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2008900625A AU2008900625A0 (en) 2008-02-11 Coanda tri foil
AU2008900625 2008-02-11

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009100479A1 true WO2009100479A1 (fr) 2009-08-20

Family

ID=40956546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2009/000147 Ceased WO2009100479A1 (fr) 2008-02-11 2009-02-10 Dérive pour planche de surf

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2009214814A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009100479A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014120701A1 (fr) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Ladifin Llc. Structure de dérive pour un navire
US9688365B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2017-06-27 Fin Control Systems Pty Limited Fin plug for water craft
US9957021B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2018-05-01 Fin Control Systems Pty. Limited Fin plug for a water craft
US10279874B1 (en) 2017-11-01 2019-05-07 John Field Quick-connect fin retention system for a water craft
WO2025029875A3 (fr) * 2023-07-31 2025-04-17 Todos Santos Surf, Inc. Ailette de surf ayant des saillies en ligne doubles avec bord d'attaque continu

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2177353A (en) * 1985-07-09 1987-01-21 Basil Cameron Rennie Boat keel
WO2001060690A1 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2001-08-23 Steve Daniel Burns Dispositif hydrodynamique
US6322413B1 (en) * 1998-03-02 2001-11-27 Gregory M. Webber Fin
WO2003086851A1 (fr) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-23 Don Andrew Smith Dispositif de stabilisation
US6811456B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2004-11-02 Motion Water Sports, Inc. Wakeboard and kiteboard with curved fins and methods of use

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2177353A (en) * 1985-07-09 1987-01-21 Basil Cameron Rennie Boat keel
US6322413B1 (en) * 1998-03-02 2001-11-27 Gregory M. Webber Fin
WO2001060690A1 (fr) * 2000-02-18 2001-08-23 Steve Daniel Burns Dispositif hydrodynamique
US6811456B2 (en) * 2001-09-21 2004-11-02 Motion Water Sports, Inc. Wakeboard and kiteboard with curved fins and methods of use
WO2003086851A1 (fr) * 2002-04-11 2003-10-23 Don Andrew Smith Dispositif de stabilisation

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9688365B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2017-06-27 Fin Control Systems Pty Limited Fin plug for water craft
US9862467B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2018-01-09 Fin Control Systems Pty Limited Securing mechanism for water craft fin
US10377452B2 (en) 2012-07-09 2019-08-13 Fin Control Systems Pty Limited Fin plug for water craft
US9957021B2 (en) 2012-11-14 2018-05-01 Fin Control Systems Pty. Limited Fin plug for a water craft
WO2014120701A1 (fr) * 2013-01-30 2014-08-07 Ladifin Llc. Structure de dérive pour un navire
US9205898B2 (en) 2013-01-30 2015-12-08 Vlado Schweiger Fin structure for watercraft
US10279874B1 (en) 2017-11-01 2019-05-07 John Field Quick-connect fin retention system for a water craft
WO2025029875A3 (fr) * 2023-07-31 2025-04-17 Todos Santos Surf, Inc. Ailette de surf ayant des saillies en ligne doubles avec bord d'attaque continu

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