WO2009154208A1 - 液晶配向処理剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子、並びに新規なジアミン - Google Patents
液晶配向処理剤及びそれを用いた液晶表示素子、並びに新規なジアミン Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009154208A1 WO2009154208A1 PCT/JP2009/060964 JP2009060964W WO2009154208A1 WO 2009154208 A1 WO2009154208 A1 WO 2009154208A1 JP 2009060964 W JP2009060964 W JP 2009060964W WO 2009154208 A1 WO2009154208 A1 WO 2009154208A1
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- liquid crystal
- diamine
- polyamic acid
- polyimide
- formula
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- 0 CC(C(C=C(C1)N)N)C1(C)C(OC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1*=CC)=O Chemical compound CC(C(C=C(C1)N)N)C1(C)C(OC(CC1)CCC1C(CC1)CCC1*=CC)=O 0.000 description 3
- MMWRGWQTAMNAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1NC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1NC=CC=C1 MMWRGWQTAMNAFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMAVOYDDVIXMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(OCc1cc(N)cc(N)c1)=O Chemical compound CC(OCc1cc(N)cc(N)c1)=O DMAVOYDDVIXMOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTPSKRRDCIQEAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(OCc1cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc([N+]([O-])=O)c1)=O Chemical compound CC(OCc1cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc([N+]([O-])=O)c1)=O WTPSKRRDCIQEAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPHYIQCSMDYRGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+](c1cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc(CO)c1)=O Chemical compound [O-][N+](c1cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc(CO)c1)=O GPHYIQCSMDYRGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C219/00—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton
- C07C219/32—Compounds containing amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings and esterified hydroxy groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms or to carbon atoms of rings other than six-membered aromatic rings of the same carbon skeleton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
- C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent and a liquid crystal alignment film used for a liquid crystal display device, and further relates to a novel diamine useful as a raw material for polyamic acid or polyimide used for the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent.
- a so-called polyimide type liquid crystal alignment treatment agent (also referred to as a liquid crystal alignment agent) mainly composed of a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid or a solution of soluble polyimide is applied and baked.
- a liquid crystal alignment film is mainly used.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is used for the purpose of controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal alignment film used has a high voltage holding ratio from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in contrast of the liquid crystal display element and reducing the afterimage phenomenon.
- a characteristic that accumulation of accumulated charges (RDC) is small or that charges accumulated by a DC voltage are quickly relaxed is important.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a tertiary amine having a specific structure in addition to polyamic acid or imide group-containing polyamic acid was used as a short time until the afterimage generated by direct current voltage disappeared.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a soluble polyimide using a specific diamine having a pyridine skeleton as a raw material for example, see Patent Document 1.
- the present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent capable of obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film that has a high voltage holding ratio and is unlikely to cause initial charge accumulation even when a DC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell.
- An object is to provide a diamine, a polyamic acid, and a polyimide useful for obtaining such a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the present invention has the following gist. 1.
- R represents a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of said 1 containing the diamine represented by following formula [2] in the diamine component made to react with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component.
- R 3 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms containing at least one ring structure.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention can provide a liquid crystal alignment film that has a high voltage holding ratio and is less likely to accumulate charges even when a DC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal alignment film that has a high voltage holding ratio and is less likely to accumulate charges even when a DC voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell.
- a liquid crystal panel with favorable characteristics can be manufactured.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is less likely to cause defects such as scraping and scratches even in the rubbing process.
- the novel diamine of the present invention is easy to synthesize, and by using it as a raw material for polyamic acid, polyimide, etc., the solubility of the resulting polyamic acid or polyimide in a solvent can be enhanced. Since the polyamic acid or polyimide of the present invention is excellent in solubility in a solvent, a uniform coating film can be obtained.
- the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention contains the polyamic acid obtained by making a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component react, or the polyimide which imidized the amic acid, In this diamine component, a formula It is a liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing the diamine represented by [1].
- the obtained liquid crystal alignment film has a high voltage holding ratio, and even if a direct current voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell, it is possible to make it difficult for charges to accumulate.
- ⁇ Diamine of Formula [1]> In the diamine represented by the formula [1], the position of each substituent on the benzene ring is not particularly limited.
- the positional relationship between the two amino groups is preferably meta or para, and from the viewpoint of increasing the solvent solubility of polyamic acid or polyimide, meta is more preferable.
- the position of the methylene ester is preferably 4 or 5, and in particular, the effect of increasing the nucleophilicity of the amino group From the viewpoint of easy synthesis, the position of 5 is more preferable.
- R is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms.
- This saturated hydrocarbon group may be a linear or branched alkyl group and may contain a ring structure. Specific examples of such saturated hydrocarbon groups include methyl groups, ethyl groups, linear alkyl groups from n-propyl groups to n-pentacosyl groups; iso-propyl groups, sec-butyl groups, tert-butyl groups.
- Iso-butyl group 1-ethylpropyl group, 1,1-dimethylpropyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 3-methylbutyl group, 1,1-dimethylbutyl group, 3,3-dimethylbutyl group
- a branched alkyl group having up to 25 carbon atoms and branched at any position a cycloalkyl group typified by a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, etc .
- R accumulated charge
- R preferably has 1 to 17 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R is preferably a linear alkyl group having a smaller molecular weight.
- specific examples of R that are preferable from the viewpoints of liquid crystal orientation, rubbing resistance, accumulated charge (RDC) accumulation, etc. are methyl, ethyl, and propyl groups.
- a butyl group, and a pentyl group are relatively low molecular weight alkyl groups.
- R has a ring structure such as a cycloalkyl group
- R storage property of stored charge (RDC) when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, and the like can be given.
- the method for synthesizing the diamine represented by the formula [1] is not particularly limited.
- a dinitro compound represented by the following formula [3] is synthesized, and the nitro group is reduced by a usual method. It can be synthesized by a method of converting to an amino group.
- Examples of the dinitrobenzyl alcohol corresponding to the preferred substituent position of the diamine of the formula [1] include 2,4-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, 3,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol, and 2,5-dinitrobenzyl alcohol.
- the diamine of the following formula [1-1] or the diamine of the following formula [1-2] is a novel diamine particularly useful for the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention. It is.
- R 3 is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 4 is a saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms containing at least one ring structure.
- the diamine of the above formula [1-1] or [1-2] can be synthesized by the method described above in the same manner as the other diamines represented by the formula [1].
- the positional relationship between the two amino groups is preferably meta or para, and from the viewpoint of increasing the solvent solubility of polyamic acid or polyimide, meta is more preferred. preferable.
- the diamines of the above formulas [4] to [18] can be classified into the following forms [a], [b], and [c] depending on the position of the substituent on the benzene ring.
- the diamine of formula [5], formula [8], formula [11], formula [14], or formula [17] is particularly preferred.
- the diamine represented by the formula [1] can be reacted with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride to obtain a polyamic acid, and imidized with the polyamic acid to be a polyimide.
- the diamine component used when synthesizing the polyamic acid may be only the diamine represented by the formula [1], or may be a combination of one or more selected from other diamines.
- the diamine represented by the formula [1] As the diamine component, the solvent solubility of the resulting polyamic acid and a polyimide obtained by imidizing this polyamic acid can be enhanced. Furthermore, the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent containing this polyamic acid or polyimide has a high voltage holding ratio, and even if a direct current voltage is applied to a liquid crystal cell, it becomes difficult to accumulate an electric charge.
- the diamine represented by the formula [1] is preferably 20 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol% of the total diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid. In particular, it is 50 to 100 mol%.
- the diamine used in combination with the diamine represented by the formula [1] is not particularly limited. Specific examples of such diamines are as follows.
- alicyclic diamines examples include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4′-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4′-diamino-3,3′-dimethyldicyclohexylamine, isophorone diamine Etc.
- aromatic diamines examples include o-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 3,5-diaminotoluene, 1,4-diamino- 2-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diamino-p-xylene, 1,3-diamino-4-chlorobenzene, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 1,4-diamino-2,5-dichlorobenzene, 4,4 ′ -Diamino-1,2-diphenylethane, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbibenzyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-dia
- heterocyclic diamines examples include 2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine, 2,7-diaminodibenzofuran, 3,6-diaminocarbazole 2,4-diamino-6-isopropyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,5-bis (4-aminophenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole and the like.
- aliphatic diamines examples include 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane, 1,6-diamino-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,7- Diamino-2,5-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-4,4-dimethylheptane, 1,7-diamino-3-methylheptane, 1,9-diamino-5-methylheptane, 1,12-diaminododecane 1,18-diaminooctadecan
- aromatic-aliphatic diamines examples include diamines represented by the following formula [2].
- Ar in the formula represents a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring
- R 1 represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Ar is preferably a benzene ring and R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom.
- diamine represented by the formula [2] examples include 3-aminobenzylamine, 4-aminobenzylamine, 3-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 4-amino-N-methylbenzylamine, 3-amino Phenethylamine, 4-aminophenethylamine, 3-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 4-amino-N-methylphenethylamine, 3- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 4- (3-aminopropyl) aniline, 3- (3- Methylaminopropyl) aniline, 4- (3-methylaminopropyl) aniline, 3- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-aminobutyl) aniline, 3- (4-methylaminobutyl) aniline, 4- (4-Methylaminobutyl) aniline, 3- (5-aminopentyl) aniline, 4- (5-amino) Nthyl) aniline, 3- (5-methyl)
- the solubility of the resulting polymer in an organic solvent is further improved, and when used as a liquid crystal alignment film. It is preferable because of excellent liquid crystal alignment. Further, such a combination can enhance the effect of increasing the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal by diamine, which will be described later, so that the amount of use can be reduced when obtaining the same pretilt angle. Since the diamine capable of increasing the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal tends to deteriorate the printability of the liquid crystal aligning agent when the amount of use increases, if the amount of the diamine used can be reduced, Improvement in printability is expected.
- the preferable content of the diamine represented by the formula [2] is 10 to 50 mol%, more preferably 20 to 40 mol% of the entire diamine component.
- the preferable content of the diamine represented by the formula [1] is 20 to 90 mol%, more preferably 30 to 80 mol% of the entire diamine component.
- diamine that can increase the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal when it is used as a liquid crystal alignment film by including it in a diamine component when synthesizing a polyamic acid, a long chain alkyl group, a perfluoroalkyl group, an aromatic cyclic group, Diamines having an aliphatic cyclic group, a combination of these, a steroid skeleton group, and the like are known. These diamines can also be used in the present invention in combination with the diamine represented by the formula [1]. Although the specific example of the diamine which has such a substituent is given to the following, this invention is not limited to these. In the structures exemplified below, j represents an integer of 5 to 20, and k represents an integer of 1 to 20.
- the diamine of the formula [19] is preferable because of excellent liquid crystal alignment.
- the diamines represented by the formulas [26] to [33] have a very high pretilt angle developing ability, they are OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) liquid crystal alignment films (hereinafter referred to as OCB alignment films) and vertical alignment mode liquid crystal alignments. It is suitably used for a film (hereinafter referred to as an alignment film for VA).
- the content of the diamine of formula [19] is 10 to 30 mol% of the total diamine component
- the diamine content of the formulas [26] to [33] may be 5 to 40 mol% of the total diamine component, but is not limited thereto.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to be reacted with the diamine component described above is not particularly limited, and may be one type of tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or two or more types. These tetracarboxylic dianhydrides may be used in combination.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride to be reacted with the diamine component is used as a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride to be reacted with the diamine component in order to further improve the voltage holding ratio of the liquid crystal cell. It is preferable to use a carboxylic dianhydride.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic Acid dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1-cyclohexylsuccinic dianhydride, 3,4-dicarboxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene succinic dianhydride, [4 (2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl) -1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride], 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarbox
- Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid Dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,3 ′, 4-benzophenonetetra Carboxylic dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dian
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an alicyclic structure or an aliphatic structure is considered in consideration of the balance of each characteristic such as solubility of the obtained polyamic acid or polyimide, orientation of liquid crystal, voltage holding ratio, accumulated charge, etc.
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is used in a molar ratio of the former / the latter of preferably 90/10 to 50/50, more preferably 80/20 to 60/40.
- the polymerization reaction method of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component is not particularly limited. Generally, by mixing in an organic solvent, a polymerization reaction can be performed to obtain a polyamic acid, and a polyimide can be obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing this polyamic acid.
- a solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is or in an organic solvent.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in a solvent a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component. The method of adding alternately etc. are mentioned.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component or the diamine component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds
- the plurality of types of components may be preliminarily mixed or may be individually polymerized sequentially.
- the temperature for the polymerization reaction of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component in an organic solvent is usually 0 to 150 ° C, preferably 5 to 100 ° C, more preferably 10 to 80 ° C. When the temperature is higher, the polymerization reaction is completed earlier, but when it is too high, a high molecular weight polymer may not be obtained.
- the polymerization reaction can be performed at any concentration, but if the total concentration of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component is too low, it becomes difficult to obtain a high molecular weight polymer, and if the concentration is too high, Since the viscosity of the reaction solution becomes too high and uniform stirring becomes difficult, it is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass.
- the initial stage of the polymerization reaction may be performed at a high concentration, and then an organic solvent may be added.
- the organic solvent used in the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid can be dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethyl sulfoxide, Examples include tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethylsulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone. These may be used alone or in combination.
- the solvent does not dissolve the polyamic acid, it may be used by mixing with the above solvent as long as the produced polyamic acid does not precipitate.
- water in the organic solvent inhibits the polymerization reaction and further causes hydrolysis of the generated polyamic acid, it is preferable to use a dehydrated and dried organic solvent as much as possible.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component used for the polymerization reaction of the polyamic acid is preferably 1: 0.8 to 1: 1.2 in molar ratio, and this molar ratio is close to 1: 1.
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid obtained increases. By controlling the molecular weight of this polyamic acid, the molecular weight of the polyimide obtained after imidation can be adjusted.
- the molecular weight of the polyamic acid or polyimide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but when included in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, from the viewpoint of the strength of the resulting coating film and ease of handling as the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the weight average The molecular weight is preferably 2,000 to 200,000, more preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
- the polyimide of the present invention is a polyimide obtained by imidizing the above polyamic acid.
- the imidization of the polyamic acid can be performed by stirring in an organic solvent for 1 to 100 hours in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, acetic anhydride is preferable because the obtained polyimide can be easily purified after imidization.
- an organic solvent the solvent used at the time of the polyamic acid polymerization reaction mentioned above can be used.
- the imidation ratio of polyimide can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the amount of the basic catalyst at this time is preferably 0.2 to 10 times mol, more preferably 0.5 to 5 times mol of the amic acid group.
- the amount of the acid anhydride is preferably 1 to 30 times mol, more preferably 1 to 10 times mol of the amic acid group.
- the reaction temperature is preferably ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the imidation rate of the polyimide of the present invention is not particularly limited, the imidation rate is 40% or more when contained in the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent because a liquid crystal alignment film having a higher voltage holding ratio is obtained. It is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 80% or more. Since the added catalyst or the like remains in the polyimide solution thus obtained, when used as a liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, it is preferable to recover and wash the polyimide before use.
- the polyimide can be recovered by putting the solution after imidization into a poor solvent that is being stirred and precipitating the polyimide, followed by filtration.
- the poor solvent at this time include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, and benzene.
- the recovered polyimide can also be washed with this poor solvent.
- the polyimide recovered and washed in this way can be powdered by drying at normal temperature or under reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating. Such an operation can also be performed on the polyamic acid.
- the above precipitation recovery and purification are performed. Just do it.
- the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention is a coating liquid containing at least 1 type of the polymer chosen from the polyamic acid and polyimide which were obtained as mentioned above.
- the reaction solution of the polyamic acid or polyimide described above may be used as it is or diluted, and the precipitate recovered from the reaction solution may be redissolved in an organic solvent.
- adjustment of the solvent composition for controlling the coating property to the substrate, addition of an additive for improving the properties of the coating film, and the like can be performed.
- the organic solvent used in the above-described dilution and re-dissolution process is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the contained polymer.
- Specific examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 2-pyrrolidone.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferably used. You may use these 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- Solvents added to control the coating property of the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1 -Ethoxy-2-propanol, 1-butoxy-2-propanol, 1-phenoxy-2-propanol, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol diacetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol-1-monomethyl ether -2-acetate, propylene glycol-1-monoethyl ether-2-acetate, dipropylene glycol, 2- (2-ethoxypropoxy) propanol, Acid methyl ester, lactic acid ethyl ester, lactic acid n- propyl ester, lactate n- butyl
- solvents include solvents that cannot dissolve polyamic acid or polyimide alone, but can be mixed with the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention as long as the resin does not precipitate.
- the coating film uniformity is improved upon application to a substrate by appropriately mixing a solvent having a low surface tension, and it is also suitably used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention.
- butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, or diethylene glycol diethyl ether is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of solubility of polyimide.
- Additives for improving the properties of the coating include 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, (aminoethylaminomethyl) phenethyltrimethoxysilane And silane coupling agents such as By adding these silane coupling agents, it is possible to improve the adhesion of the coating film to the substrate, but adding too much may cause aggregation of resin components such as polyamic acid and polyimide.
- the silane coupling agent is preferably added in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by mass, more preferably 1 to 5% by mass with respect to a resin component such as polyimide.
- the solid content concentration of the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent of the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film to be formed, but is preferably 1 to 10% by mass. If it is less than 1% by mass, it is difficult to form a uniform and defect-free coating film, and if it exceeds 10% by mass, the storage stability of the solution may be deteriorated. Further, the concentration of the polyamic acid or polyimide of the present invention in this solid content is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more from the viewpoint of the characteristics of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film. In particular, it is 5% by mass or more.
- the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent obtained as described above is preferably filtered before being applied to the substrate.
- the liquid-crystal aligning agent of this invention can be used as a liquid-crystal aligning film for rubbing by apply
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a glass substrate, an acrylic substrate, a plastic substrate such as a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can be used, and an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed. It is preferable to use a new substrate from the viewpoint of simplification of the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used.
- Examples of the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent include spin coating, printing, and ink-jet methods. From the viewpoint of productivity, the flexographic printing method is widely used industrially, and the liquid crystal aligning treatment of the present invention. It is also preferably used in agents.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, the drying process is performed. It is preferable to include.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is evaporated to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- a specific example is a method of drying on a hot plate at 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 80 to 120 ° C. for 0.5 to 30 minutes, preferably 1 to 5 minutes.
- the substrate coated with the liquid crystal aligning agent can be baked at an arbitrary temperature of 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 150 to 300 ° C., more preferably 180 to 250 ° C.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention does not necessarily need to be 100% imidized.
- the thickness of the coating film after baking is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, so it is preferably 10 to 200 nm, more preferably 50 to 100 nm.
- An existing rubbing apparatus can be used for rubbing the coating surface formed on the substrate as described above. Examples of the material of the rubbing cloth at this time include cotton, rayon, and nylon.
- a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the above method can be used as a liquid crystal display element by preparing a liquid crystal cell by a known method.
- a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is preferably an arbitrary rubbing direction of 0 to 270 ° with a spacer of preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- a method is generally used in which the angle is set to be fixed, the periphery is fixed with a sealant, and liquid crystal is injected and sealed.
- the method for enclosing the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method of injecting liquid crystal after reducing the pressure inside the produced liquid crystal cell, and a dropping method of sealing after dropping the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display elements thus obtained include various types such as TN liquid crystal display elements, STN liquid crystal display elements, TFT liquid crystal display elements, OCB liquid crystal display elements, lateral electric field type liquid crystal display elements, and VA liquid crystal display elements. It is suitably used for a display element by the above method.
- 1H-NMR means a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of an intramolecular hydrogen atom.
- 20.0 g (0.083 mol) of the compound of formula [ii] was dissolved in 200 ml of 1,4-dioxane, sufficiently degassed and purged with nitrogen, added with 2.0 g of platinum oxide, and again sufficiently degassed. A hydrogen gas atmosphere was used and the reaction was allowed to proceed for 24 hours at room temperature.
- DABAc 3,5-diaminobenzyl acetate
- DABBu 3,5-diaminobenzyl butyrate
- DABCPr 3,5-diaminobenzyl cyclopropanecarboxylate
- DABCPE 3,5-diaminobenzyl cyclopentanecarboxylate
- DABCPP 3,5-diaminobenzyl 3-cyclopentylpropanoate
- DABCHx 3,5-diaminobenzyl cyclohexanecarboxylate
- C14DAB 4-tetradecyloxy-1,3-diaminobenzene 3-ABA: 3-aminobenzylamine ⁇ organic solvent>
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone ⁇ -BL: ⁇ -butyrolactone
- GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr • H2O) is 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) is 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran (THF ) Is 10ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and polyethylene glycol (molecular weight: about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000) manufactured by Polymer Laboratories .
- TSK standard polyethylene oxide molecular weight: about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000
- polyethylene glycol molecular weight: about 12,000,
- the imidation ratio of the polyimide obtained by the polymerization reaction was determined by dissolving the polyimide in d6-DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide-d6), measuring 1H-NMR, and measuring the ratio of amidic acid groups remaining without imidization. was calculated from the ratio of the integrated values of proton peaks.
- liquid crystal cells were produced as follows. did. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent is spin-coated on a glass substrate with a transparent electrode, dried on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 5 minutes, and then baked on a 210 ° C. hot plate for 10 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 70 nm. I let you.
- This coating film surface was rubbed with a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm using a rayon cloth under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- a rubbing apparatus having a roll diameter of 120 mm using a rayon cloth under the conditions of a roll rotation speed of 1000 rpm, a roll traveling speed of 50 mm / sec, and an indentation amount of 0.3 mm to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Tables 1 and 2 summarize the results of the composition of each liquid crystal alignment treatment agent in Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, measurement of physical properties of each liquid crystal alignment film, and evaluation of characteristics. Indicated. Tables 3 and 4 collectively show the results of the composition of each liquid crystal alignment treatment agent, the measurement of physical properties of each liquid crystal alignment film, and the evaluation of characteristics in Examples 13 to 24.
- ⁇ Rubbing resistance evaluation> As a rubbing resistance verification test, rubbing was performed under the condition that the indentation amount was changed to 0.5 mm, and the film surface was observed with a high-focus laser microscope. Evaluation was performed as follows. ⁇ : Scraping and rubbing scratches are not observed. ⁇ : Scraping and rubbing scratches are observed. X: A film
- the voltage holding ratio of the manufactured twisted nematic liquid crystal cell is measured by applying a voltage of 4 V for 60 ⁇ s at a temperature of 90 ° C., measuring the voltage after 16.67 ms, and determining how much the voltage can be held. As calculated.
- the voltage holding ratio was measured using a VHR-1 voltage holding ratio measuring device manufactured by Toyo Technica.
- ⁇ Estimation of accumulated charge (RDC)> A direct current voltage was applied from 0 V to 1.0 V at a 0.1 V interval at a temperature of 23 ° C. to the produced twisted nematic liquid crystal cell, and a flicker amplitude level at each voltage was measured to prepare a calibration curve. After grounding for 5 minutes, an AC voltage of 3.0 V and a DC voltage of 5.0 V were applied, the flicker amplitude level after 1 hour was measured, and RDC was estimated by comparing with a calibration curve prepared in advance. (This RDC estimation method is called a flicker reference method.)
- Example 2 Using 5.00 g (0.025 mol) of CBDA as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and 4.69 g (0.026 mol) of DABAc as the diamine component, the polyamic acid was reacted in NMP 38.73 g at room temperature for 16 hours. A solution (PAA-1) was obtained. 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-1) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution having a solid content of 6% by mass, NMP of 64% by mass, and BC of 30% by mass. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was prepared according to the procedure described above, and the physical properties were measured and the characteristics were evaluated as described above.
- Example 3 To 20 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-1), 46.67 g of NMP was added for dilution, and 3.29 g of acetic anhydride and 1.40 g of pyridine were added and reacted at 40 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize. The reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 250 ml of methanol to recover the precipitated solid. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white powder of polyimide (SPI-1). The number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 12,259, and the weight average molecular weight was 35,793. The imidation ratio was 80%.
- SPI-1 white powder of polyimide
- Example 4 As tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 6.09 g (0.031 mol) of CBDA, 4.00 g (0.022 mol) of DABAc and 3.04 g (0.01 mol) of C14DAB as diamine components, 74.5 g of NMP The mixture was reacted at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-2). 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution having a solid content of 6% by mass, NMP of 64% by mass, and BC of 30% by mass. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 5 116.67 g of NMP was added to 50 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-2) for dilution, and 7.39 g of acetic anhydride and 3.15 g of pyridine were added and reacted at 50 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 1.25 L of methanol to recover the precipitated solid.
- the solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white powder of polyimide (SPI-2).
- SPI-2 white powder of polyimide
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 16,321, and the weight average molecular weight was 39,857.
- the imidation ratio was 85%.
- Example 6 As a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 13.53 g (0.073 mol) of CBDA, as a diamine component, 4.00 g (0.022 mol) of DABAc, 3.67 g (0.030 mol) of 3-ABA, and C14DAB 7.12 g (0.022 mol) was used and reacted in NMP 116.0 g at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-3). 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-3) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution having a solid content of 6% by mass, NMP of 64% by mass and BC of 30% by mass. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 7 To 100 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-3), 233.33 g of NMP was added for dilution, 15.66 g of acetic anhydride and 6.67 g of pyridine were added, and the mixture was reacted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize. The reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 1.25 L of methanol to recover the precipitated solid. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a light brown powder of polyimide (SPI-3). The number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 18,649, and the weight average molecular weight was 41,774. The imidation ratio was 94%.
- SPI-3 light brown powder of polyimide
- the solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white powder of polyimide (SPI-4).
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 16,338, and the weight average molecular weight was 39,865.
- the imidation ratio was 80%.
- 9 g of ⁇ -BL was added to 1 g of polyimide (SPI-4) and stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring.
- 4.0 g of ⁇ -BL, 3.0 g of BC, and 3.0 g of DPM were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the polyimide was 5 mass%, ⁇ -BL was 65 mass%, DPM was 15 mass%, and BC was The liquid crystal aligning agent used as a comparison object was obtained as a 15% by mass solution. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 13 7.64 g (0.039 mol) of CBDA as a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 2.50 g (0.012 mol) of DABBu, 1.95 g (0.016 mol) of 3-ABA, and 3.14 g of C14DAB as a diamine component.
- the reaction was allowed to proceed in 63.79 g of NMP at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-5).
- Example 14 116.67 g of NMP was added to 50 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-5) for dilution, 7.83 g of acetic anhydride and 3.33 g of pyridine were added, and the mixture was reacted at 70 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 1.25 L of methanol to recover the precipitated solid.
- the solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a light brown powder of polyimide (SPI-5).
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 16,358, and the weight average molecular weight was 38,735.
- the imidation ratio was 90%.
- Example 15 Using 5.00 g (0.025 mol) of CBDA as the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and 5.32 g (0.026 mol) of DABCPr as the diamine component, the polyamic acid was reacted in NMP 41.32 g at room temperature for 16 hours. A solution (PAA-6) was obtained. 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-6) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution containing 6% by mass of polyamic acid, 64% by mass of NMP and 30% by mass of BC. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 16 To 20 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-6), 46.67 g of NMP was added for dilution, 3.06 g of acetic anhydride and 1.31 g of pyridine were added, and the mixture was reacted at 40 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize. The reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 250 ml of methanol to recover the precipitated solid. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white powder of polyimide (SPI-6). The number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 13,329, and the weight average molecular weight was 33,233. The imidation ratio was 81%.
- SPI-6 white powder of polyimide
- Example 17 As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 5.52 g (0.028 mol) of CBDA, as the diamine component, 1.79 g (0.009 mol) of DABCPr, 1.42 g (0.011 mol) of 3-ABA, and C14DAB Using 2.79 g (0.009 mol), the reaction was conducted in 46.1 g of NMP at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-7). A polyamic acid solution (PAA-7) 10.0 g was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution containing 6% by mass of polyamic acid, 64% by mass of NMP and 30% by mass of BC. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 18 90.0 g of NMP was added to 40.0 g of a polyamic acid solution (PAA-7) for dilution, 6.02 g of acetic anhydride and 2.49 g of pyridine were added, and the mixture was reacted at 60 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 500 ml of methanol, and the precipitated solid was recovered. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white brown powder of polyimide (SPI-7).
- SPI-7 white brown powder of polyimide
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 17,430, and the weight average molecular weight was 48,532.
- the imidation ratio was 90%. 12.00 g of ⁇ -BL was added to 2.00 g of this polyimide (SPI-7), and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours. The polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring. Further, ⁇ -BL 8.00 g, BC 6.00 g, and DPM 6.00 g were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours. Polyimide was 5 mass%, ⁇ -BL was 65 mass%, DPM was 15 mass%, and BC was The liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention was obtained in a 15% by mass solution. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 19 As a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 5.71 g (0.029 mol) of CBDA, 2.11 g (0.009 mol) of DABCPE, 1.47 g (0.012 mol) of 3-ABA, and C14DAB as a diamine component Using 2.88 g (0.009 mol), the reaction was conducted in 48.7 g of NMP at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-8). 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-8) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution containing 6% by mass of polyamic acid, 64% by mass of NMP and 30% by mass of BC. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 20 90.0 g of NMP was added to 40.0 g of a polyamic acid solution (PAA-8) for dilution, and 5.98 g of acetic anhydride and 2.57 g of pyridine were added and reacted at 60 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 500 ml of methanol, and the precipitated solid was recovered. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white brown powder of polyimide (SPI-8).
- SPI-8 white brown powder of polyimide
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 14,757, and the weight average molecular weight was 36,865.
- the imidation ratio was 90%.
- SPI-8 polyimide
- 18.0 g of ⁇ -BL was added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring.
- ⁇ -BL 8.00 g, BC 6.00 g, and DPM 6.00 g were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- Polyimide was 5 mass%
- ⁇ -BL was 65 mass%
- DPM was 15 mass%
- BC was The liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention was obtained in a 15% by mass solution. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 21 As tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 5.71 g (0.029 mol) of CBDA, 2.36 g (0.009 mol) of DABCPP, 1.47 g (0.012 mol) of 3-ABA, and C14DAB as diamine components Using 2.88 g (0.009 mol), the reaction was conducted in 48.7 g of NMP at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-9). 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-9) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution containing 6% by mass of polyamic acid, 64% by mass of NMP and 30% by mass of BC. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 22 90.0 g of NMP was added to 40.0 g of a polyamic acid solution (PAA-9) for dilution, and 5.86 g of acetic anhydride and 2.51 g of pyridine were added and reacted at 60 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 500 ml of methanol, and the precipitated solid was recovered. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white brown powder of polyimide (SPI-9).
- SPI-9 white brown powder of polyimide
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 14,900, and the weight average molecular weight was 35,161.
- the imidation ratio was 91%.
- SPI-9 polyimide
- 18.0 g of ⁇ -BL was added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring.
- ⁇ -BL 8.00 g, BC 6.00 g, and DPM 6.00 g were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- Polyimide was 5 mass%
- ⁇ -BL was 65 mass%
- DPM was 15 mass%
- BC was The liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention was obtained in a 15% by mass solution. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 23 As a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, 5.71 g (0.029 mol) of CBDA, as a diamine component, 2.23 g (0.009 mol) of DABCHx, 1.47 g (0.012 mol) of 3-ABA, and C14DAB 2.88 g (0.009 mol) was used and reacted in 49.2 g of NMP at room temperature for 16 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution (PAA-10). 10.0 g of polyamic acid solution (PAA-10) was diluted with 23.3 g of NMP and 10.0 g of BC to obtain a solution containing 6% by mass of polyamic acid, 64% by mass of NMP and 30% by mass of BC. A liquid crystal alignment treatment agent was obtained. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- Example 24 90.0 g of NMP was added to 40.0 g of a polyamic acid solution (PAA-10) for dilution, and 5.92 g of acetic anhydride and 2.54 g of pyridine were added and reacted at 60 ° C. for 3 hours to imidize.
- the reaction solution was cooled to about room temperature and then poured into 500 ml of methanol, and the precipitated solid was recovered. The solid was washed several times with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at 100 ° C. to obtain a white brown powder of polyimide (SPI-10).
- SPI-10 white brown powder of polyimide
- the number average molecular weight of this polyimide was 15,864, and the weight average molecular weight was 41,355.
- the imidation ratio was 88%.
- SPI-10 polyimide
- 18.0 g of ⁇ -BL was added and stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the polyimide was completely dissolved at the end of stirring.
- ⁇ -BL 8.00 g, BC 6.00 g, and DPM 6.00 g were added to this solution, and the mixture was stirred at 50 ° C. for 20 hours.
- Polyimide was 5 mass%
- ⁇ -BL was 65 mass%
- DPM was 15 mass%
- BC was The liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention was obtained in a 15% by mass solution. Using this coating solution, a liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, and physical properties were measured and characteristics were evaluated.
- the liquid crystal display element produced using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be a highly reliable liquid crystal display device, and includes a TN liquid crystal display element, an STN liquid crystal display element, a TFT liquid crystal display element, and a VA liquid crystal display. It is suitably used for display elements by various methods such as an element, an IPS liquid crystal display element, and an OCB liquid crystal display element.
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Abstract
Description
1. 下記式[1]のジアミンを含むジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸、又は該ポリアミック酸をイミド化したポリイミド、の少なくとも一方を含有する液晶配向処理剤。
2. 式[1]で表されるジアミンが、ポリアミック酸の合成に使用する全ジアミン成分の20~100mol%である、上記1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
3. 式[1]で表されるジアミンが、2つのアミノ基をメタまたはパラの位置に有するジアミンである、上記1又は2に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
4. 下記式[2]で表されるジアミンを、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分と反応させるジアミン成分に含む、上記1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
5. テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分が、脂環式構造又は脂肪族構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分である、上記1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤。
6. 上記1~5のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
7. 上記6に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
8. 下記式[1-1]のジアミン。
<式[1]のジアミン>
式[1]で表されるジアミンにおいて、ベンゼン環上の各置換基の位置は特に限定されない。液晶配向膜とした時の液晶の配向性の観点からは、2つのアミノ基の位置関係はメタまたはパラが好ましく、また、ポリアミック酸やポリイミドの溶媒溶解性を高めるという観点では、メタがより好ましい。2つのアミノ基の位置関係がメタの場合、即ち1,3-ジアミノベンゼン構造の場合に、メチレンエステルの位置は、4又は5の位置が好ましく、特に、アミノ基の求核性を高める効果や容易に合成できる点から、5の位置がより好ましい。
式[3]で表されるジニトロ化合物は、下記反応式のように、ピリジンやトリエチルアミンなどの塩基存在下で、目的のジアミンの置換基の位置に対応するジニトロベンジルアルコールに、目的のジアミンのRに対応するカルボン酸クロリドまたは酸二無水物を反応させることにより合成することができる。
前記した式[1]のジアミンの好ましい置換基の位置に対応するジニトロベンジルアルコールとしては、2,4-ジニトロベンジルアルコール、3,5-ジニトロベンジルアルコール、2,5-ジニトロベンジルアルコール等がある。
上記式[1-1]又は[1-2]のジアミンは、その他の式[1]で表されるジアミンと同様に前記した方法によって合成することができる。
上記式[1-1]又は[1-2]のジアミンにおいて、2つのアミノ基の位置関係はメタまたはパラが好ましく、また、ポリアミック酸やポリイミドの溶媒溶解性を高めるという観点では、メタがより好ましい。
以下に、式[1-2]で表されるジアミンの中でも特に好ましいものとして、上記[b]の形態である具体例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
上記した式[1]で表されるジアミンは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物と反応させることで、ポリアミック酸を得ることができ、このポリアミック酸をイミド化することでポリイミドとすることができる。
本発明において、ポリアミック酸を合成する際に用いるジアミン成分は、式[1]で表されるジアミンのみであってもよく、その他のジアミンから選ばれる1種または2種以上を組み合わせてもよい。
式[2]で表されるジアミンにおいて、Arがベンゼン環であり、R2が水素原子であるのが好ましい。
例えば、TN液晶用配向膜(プレチルト角が3~5°)では式[19]のジアミンの含有量をジアミン成分全体の10~30mol%とし、OCB用配向膜、あるいはVA用配向膜(プレチルト角が10~90°)では、式[26]~[33]のジアミンの含有量をジアミン成分全体の5~40mol%とするとよいが、これに限定されない。
本発明のポリアミック酸またはポリイミドにおいて、上記したジアミン成分と反応させるテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分は、特に限定されず、また、1種類のテトラカルボン酸二無水物であってもよく、2種類以上のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を併用してもよい。
本発明において、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分の重合反応方法は特に限定されない。一般的には、有機溶剤中で混合することにより重合反応してポリアミック酸とすることができ、このポリアミック酸を脱水閉環させることによりポリイミドとすることができる。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分を有機溶剤中で重合反応させる際の温度は、通常0~150℃、好ましくは5~100℃、より好ましくは10~80℃である。温度が高い方が重合反応は早く終了するが、高すぎると高分子量の重合体が得られない場合がある。
本発明のポリイミドは、上記したポリアミック酸をイミド化したポリイミドである。ポリアミック酸のイミド化は、有機溶媒中において、塩基性触媒と酸無水物の存在下で1~100時間攪拌することにより可能である。
塩基性触媒としてはピリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミン等を挙げることができる。中でもピリジンは、反応を進行させるのに適度な塩基性を持つので好ましい。また、酸無水物としては無水酢酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸などを挙げることができる。中でも無水酢酸は、イミド化終了後に、得られたポリイミドの精製が容易となるので好ましい。有機溶媒としては前述したポリアミック酸重合反応時に用いる溶媒を使用することができる。
このようにして得られたポリイミドの溶液には、添加した触媒などが残存しているので、液晶配向処理剤に用いる場合には、ポリイミドを回収・洗浄してから使用することが好ましい。
このような操作は、前記のポリアミック酸に対しても行うことができる。例えば、ポリアミック酸の重合に用いた溶媒を液晶配向処理剤中に含有させたくない場合や、反応溶液中の未反応のモノマー成分や不純物を除きたい場合には、上記の沈殿回収及び精製を行えばよい。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、上記のようにして得られたポリアミック酸及びポリイミドから選ばれた重合体の少なくとも一種を含有する塗布液である。
その製造例を挙げると、前記したポリアミック酸又はポリイミドの反応溶液をそのまま、または希釈したものでもよく、反応液から沈殿回収したものを有機溶媒に再溶解してもよい。また、希釈や再溶解の工程においては、基板への塗布性を制御するための溶媒組成の調整や、塗膜の特性を改善するための添加物の追加などを行うことができる。更には、上記とは異なる構造のポリイミドの溶液や、ポリアミック酸の溶液と混合したり、他の樹脂成分を添加してもよい。
以上のようにして得られた液晶配向処理剤は、基板に塗布する前に濾過することが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向処理剤は、基板に塗布し、乾燥、焼成することで塗膜とすることができ、この塗膜面をラビング処理することにより、ラビング用の液晶配向膜として使用される。またラビング処理をしないVA用液晶配向膜、光配向膜としても使用される。
この際、用いる基板としては透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス基板、アクリル基板若しくはポリカーボネート基板などのプラスチック基板などを用いることができ、液晶駆動のためのITO電極などが形成された基板を用いることがプロセスの簡素化の観点から好ましい。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極はアルミ等の光を反射する材料も使用できる。
液晶配向処理剤を塗布した後の乾燥の工程は、必ずしも必要とされないが、塗布後から焼成までの時間が基板ごとに一定していない場合や、塗布後ただちに焼成されない場合には、乾燥工程を含むのが好ましい。乾燥は、基板の搬送等により塗膜形状が変形しない程度に溶媒が蒸発していればよく、その乾燥手段については特に限定されない。具体例を挙げるならば、50~150℃、好ましくは80~120℃のホットプレート上で、0.5~30分、好ましくは1~5分乾燥させる方法である。
焼成後の塗膜の厚みは、厚すぎると液晶表示素子の消費電力の面で不利となり、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、好ましくは10~200nm、より好ましくは50~100nmである。
上記のようにして基板上に形成された塗膜面のラビング処理は、既存のラビング装置を使用することができる。この際のラビング布の材質としては、コットン、レーヨン、ナイロンなどが挙げられる。
このようにして得られた液晶表示素子は、TN液晶表示素子、STN液晶表示素子、TFT液晶表示素子、OCB液晶表示素子、更には、横電界型の液晶表示素子、VA液晶表示素子など、種々の方式による表示素子に好適に用いられる。
(実施例1)
3,5-ジアミノベンジル アセテートの合成;
1H-NMR(d-DMSO,δppm):8.80(1H,t),8.67(2H,d),5.33(2H,s),2.13(3H,s)
なお、1H-NMRとは、分子内水素原子の核磁気共鳴スペクトルを意味する。
式[ii]の化合物20.0g(0.083mol)を1,4-ジオキサン200mlに溶解させ、十分脱気と窒素置換を行い、酸化白金2.0gを加え、再び十分脱気を行った上水素ガス雰囲気にし、室温で24時間反応させた。反応終了後、セライトにて酸化白金を取り除き、溶媒除去を行った後、メタノールにて溶解させ、活性炭処理と再結晶(溶媒:エタノール)を行い、乳白色の固体(式[iii]の化合物12g(0.067mol)、収率81%)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):6.11(2H,d),5.98(1H,t),4.92(2H,s),3.60(4H,Br),2.13(3H,s)
ポリアミック酸、およびポリイミドの合成などに使用した化合物の略号は、以下のとおりである。
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
<ジアミン>
DABAc:3,5-ジアミノベンジル アセテート
DABBu:3,5-ジアミノベンジル ブチレート
DABCPr:3,5-ジアミノベンジル シクロプロパンカルボキシレート
DABCPe:3,5-ジアミノベンジル シクロペンタンカルボキシレート
DABCPP:3,5-ジアミノベンジル 3-シクロペンチルプロパノエート
DABCHx:3,5-ジアミノベンジル シクロヘキサンカルボキシレート
C14DAB:4-テトラデシルオキシ-1,3-ジアミノベンゼン
3-ABA:3-アミノベンジルアミン
<有機溶媒>
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
γ-BL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BC:ブチルセロソルブ
DPM:ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
<分子量の測定>
重合反応により得られたポリイミドの分子量は、該ポリイミドをGPC(常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー)装置によって測定し、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド換算値として数平均分子量と重量平均分子量を算出した。
GPC装置:Shodex社製 (GPC-101)
カラム:Shodex社製 (KD803、KD805の直列)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量 約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
重合反応により得られたポリイミドのイミド化率は、該ポリイミドをd6-DMSO(ジメチルスルホキシド-d6)に溶解させ、1H-NMRを測定し、イミド化せずに残存しているアミド酸基の比率をプロトンピークの積算値の比から求め算出した。
実施例2~7で調製した液晶配向処理剤、実施例13~24で調製した液晶配向処理剤、および比較例1~2で調製した液晶配向処理剤について、以下のようにして液晶セルを作製した。
液晶配向処理剤を透明電極付きガラス基板にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で5分間乾燥させた後、210℃のホットプレート上で10分間焼成を行い、膜厚70nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面をロール径120mmのラビング装置でレーヨン布を用いて、ロール回転数1000rpm、ロール進行速度50mm/sec、押し込み量0.3mmの条件でラビングし、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。液晶配向膜付き基板を2枚用意し、その1枚の液晶配向膜面上に6μmのスペーサーを散布した後、その上からシール剤を印刷し、もう1枚の基板を液晶配向膜面が向き合いラビング方向が直行するようにして張り合わせた後、シール剤を硬化させて空セルを作製した。この空セルに減圧注入法によって、液晶MLC-2003(メルク・ジャパン社製)を注入し、注入口を封止して、ツイストネマティック液晶セルを得た。
なお、実施例2~7、および比較例1~2における各液晶配向処理剤の組成、各液晶配向膜についての物性の測定、および特性の評価等の結果は、表1、表2にまとめて示した。また、実施例13~24における各液晶配向処理剤の組成、各液晶配向膜についての物性の測定、および特性の評価等の結果は、表3、表4にまとめて示した。
ラビング耐性の検証試験として押し込み量を0.5mmに変えた条件でラビングし、膜表面を強焦点レーザー顕微鏡にて観察した。評価は以下のように行った。
○:削れカスやラビング傷が観察されない。
△:削れカスやラビング傷が観察される。
×:膜が剥離する又は目視でラビング傷が観察される。
<プレチルト角測定>
作製したツイストネマティック液晶セルを105℃で5分間加熱した後、プレチルト角の測定と電圧保持率の測定を行った。プレチルト角はクリスタルローテーション法を用いて測定した。
<電圧保持率の測定>
作製したツイストネマティック液晶セルの電圧保持率の測定は、90℃の温度下で4Vの電圧を60μs間印加し、16.67ms後の電圧を測定し、電圧がどのくらい保持できているかを電圧保持率として計算した。なお、電圧保持率の測定には東陽テクニカ社製のVHR-1電圧保持率測定装置を使用した。
作製したツイストネマティック液晶セルに、23℃の温度下で直流電圧を0Vから0.1V間隔で1.0Vまで印加し、各電圧でのフリッカー振幅レベルを測定し、検量線を作成した。5分間アースした後、交流電圧3.0V、直流電圧5.0Vを印加し、1時間後のフリッカー振幅レベルを測定し、予め作製した検量線と照らし合わせる事によりRDCを見積もった。
(このRDCの見積もり方法は、フリッカー参照法という。)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを5.00g(0.025mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABAcを4.69g(0.026mol)を用い、NMP38.73g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、固形分が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて上記の手順で液晶セルを作製し、上記のような物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-1)20gに、NMPを46.67g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸3.29gとピリジン1.40gを加え、40℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール250ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-1)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は12,259、重量平均分子量は35,793であった。また、イミド化率は80%であった。
得られたポリイミド(SPI-1)2gに、NMP18gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にNMP8.0g、BC12.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、NMPが65質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを6.09g(0.031mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABAcを4.00g(0.022mol)、C14DABを3.04g(0.01mol)用い、NMP74.5g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、固形分が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-2)50gに、NMPを116.67g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸7.39gとピリジン3.15gを加え、50℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール1.25L中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-2)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は16,321、重量平均分子量は39,857であった。また、イミド化率は85%であった。
ポリイミド(SPI-2)2gに、γ-BL18gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.0g、BC6.0g、DPM6.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを13.53g(0.073mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABAcを4.00g(0.022mol)、3-ABAを3.67g(0.030mol)、C14DABを7.12g(0.022mol)用い、NMP116.0g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-3)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-3)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、固形分が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-3)100gに、NMPを233.33g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸15.66gとピリジン6.67gを加え、70℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール1.25L中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-3)の薄茶色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は18,649、重量平均分子量は41,774であった。また、イミド化率は94%であった。
ポリイミド(SPI-3)2gに、γ-BL18gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.0g、BC6.0g、DPM6.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを12.5g(0.064mol)、ジアミン成分として、3-ABAを5.56g(0.046mol)、C14DABを6.25g(0.020mol)用い、NMP97.20g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た(PAA-4)。
ポリアミック酸(PAA-4)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、固形分が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、比較対象とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-4)50gに、NMPを116.67g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸7.39gとピリジン3.15gを加え、70℃で3時間反応させてイミド化を行ったが、反応中にゲル化してしまった。
再度、ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-4)50gに、NMPを116.67g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸7.39gとピリジン3.15gを加え、イミド化の反応温度を50℃にして行った。
この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール250ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-4)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は16,338、重量平均分子量は39,865であった。またイミド化率は80%であった。
ポリイミド(SPI-4)1gに、γ-BL9gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL4.0g、BC3.0g、DPM3.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、比較対象とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
3,5-ジアミノベンジル ブチレートの合成;
TLCで原料スポットが消失したのを確認し、反応溶液を冷やした純水中に注ぎ、析出した固体をろ過し、メタノールと水で洗浄を行った。その後、エタノールとイソプロピルアルコールの混合溶媒を用いて再結晶を行い、乳白色の結晶(式[iv]の化合物24g(0.082mol)、収率82%)を得た。
1H-NMR(d-DMSO,δppm):8.80(t,1H),8.67(d,2H),5.35(s,2H),2.45(m,2H),1.65(m,2H),0.93-0.89(m,3H)
式[iv]の化合物24.0g(0.082mol)を1,4-ジオキサン200mlに溶解させ、十分脱気と窒素置換を行い、白金/カーボン2.4gを加え、再び十分脱気を行った上で水素ガス雰囲気にし、室温で24時間反応させた。反応終了後、白金/カーボンをセライトろ過で取り除き、更に活性炭処理をした上で溶媒除去を行い、茶色の粘体(式[v]の化合物12g(0.058mol)、収率71%)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):6.11(d,2H),5.99(t,1H),4.94(s,2H),3.62(br,4H),2.30-1.98(m,2H),1.61-1.50(m,2H),0.91-0.86(m,3H)
3,5-ジアミノベンジル シクロプロパンカルボキシレートの合成;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.80(t,1H),8.67(d,2H),5.33(s,2H),1.80-1.73 (m,1H),0.98-0.92(m,4H)
式[vi]の化合物20.0g(0.075mol)、酸化白金2.0gを、1.4-ジオキサン250mlに加え、水素雰囲気下室温で攪拌した。反応終了後、酸化白金をセライトろ過で取り除き、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒留去を行った。溶媒留去後の残渣をメタノール200mlに溶解させ、活性炭を2.0g加え室温で攪拌した。活性炭をセライトろ過により除去し、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒を留去し、残渣を酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=1/5を用いて再結晶し、乳白色固体(式[vii]の化合物12.0g(0.582mol)、収率78%)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):6.11(d,2H),5.98(t,1H),4.92(s,2H),3.60(br,4H),1.78-1.65 (m,1H),0.98-0.92(m,4H)
3,5-ジアミノベンジル シクロペンタンカルボキシレートの合成;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):9.01(t,1H),8.56-8.54(m,2H),5.30(d,2H),2.91-2.83(m,1H),2.03-1.58(m,8H)
式[viii]の化合物24.0g(0.082mol)、白金/カーボン2.5gを、メタノール250mlに加え、水素雰囲気下室温で攪拌した。反応終了後、白金/カーボンをセライトろ過で取り除き、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒留去を行った。溶媒留去後の残渣をメタノール200mlに溶解させ、活性炭を2.0g加え室温で攪拌した。活性炭をセライトろ過により除去し、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒を留去し、更に減圧下乾燥して、褐色液体(式[ix]の化合物19.3g(0.082mol)、収率96%)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):6.10(d,2H),5.97(t,1H),4.92(s,2H),3.52(br,4H),2.77(m,1H),1.95-1.51(m,8H)
3,5-ジアミノベンジル 3-シクロペンチルプロパノエートの合成;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm): 9.02(t,1H),8.57-8.54(m,2H),5.30(s,2H),2.49-2.43(m,2H),1.83-1.45(m,9H),1.18-1.04(m,2H)
式[x]の化合物29.8g(0.092mol)、白金/カーボン3.1を、メタノール300mlに加え、水素雰囲気下室温で攪拌した。反応終了後、白金/カーボンをセライトろ過で取り除き、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒留去を行った。溶媒留去後の残渣を酢酸エチル/ヘキサン=1/6を用いて再結晶し、薄茶色固体(式[xi]の化合物21.6g(0.082mol)、収率89%)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):6.11(d,2H),5.99(t,1H),4.92(s,2H),3.60(br,4H),2.39-2.34(m,2H),1.81-1.45(m,9H),1.17-1.20(m,2H)
3,5-ジアミノベンジル シクロヘキサンカルボキシレートの合成;
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):9.01(t,1H),8.55-8.53(m,2H),5.30(d,2H),2.44(tt,1H),2.02-1.92(m,2H),1.83-1.64(m,3H),1.55-1.18(m,5H)
式[xii]の化合物24.8g(0.081mol)、白金/カーボン2.5gを、メタノール250mlに加え、水素雰囲気下室温で攪拌した。反応終了後、白金/カーボンをセライトろ過で取り除き、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒留去を行った。溶媒留去後の残渣をメタノール200mlに溶解させ、活性炭を2.0g加え室温で攪拌した。活性炭をセライトろ過により除去し、ロータリーエバポレーターを用いて溶媒を留去し、更に減圧下乾燥して、褐色液体(式[xiii]の化合物19.3g(0.078mol)、収率96%)を得た。
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):6.10(d,2H),5.98(t,1H),4.92(s,2H),3.61(br,4H),2.34(tt,1H),1.98-1.89(m,2H),1.81-1.14(m,8H)
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを7.64g(0.039mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABBu2.50g(0.012mol)、3-ABAを1.95g(0.016mol)、C14DABを3.84g(0.012mol)用い、NMP63.79g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-5)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-5)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-5)50gに、NMPを116.67g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸7.83gとピリジン3.33gを加え、70℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール1.25L中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-5)の薄茶色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は16,358、重量平均分子量は38,735であった。また、イミド化率は90%であった。
ポリイミド(SPI-5)2gに、γ-BL18gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.0g、BC6.0g、DPM6.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを5.00g(0.025mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABCPrを5.32g(0.026mol)を用い、NMP41.32g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-6)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-6)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-6)20gに、NMPを46.67g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸3.06gとピリジン1.31gを加え、40℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール250ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-6)の白色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は13,329、重量平均分子量は33,233であった。また、イミド化率は81%であった。
得られたポリイミド(SPI-6)2.00gに、γ-BL18.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.0g、BC6.00g、DPM6.00gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを5.52g(0.028mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABCPrを1.79g(0.009mol)、3-ABAを1.42g(0.011mol)、C14DABを2.79g(0.009mol)用い、NMP46.1g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-7)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-7)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-7)40.0gに、NMPを93.3g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸6.02gとピリジン2.49gを加え、60℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール500ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-7)の白茶色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は17,430、重量平均分子量は48,532であった。また、イミド化率は90%であった。
このポリイミド(SPI-7)2.00gに、γ-BL18.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.00g、BC6.00g、DPM6.00gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを5.71g(0.029mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABCPeを2.11g(0.009mol)、3-ABAを1.47g(0.012mol)、C14DABを2.88g(0.009mol)用い、NMP48.7g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-8)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-8)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-8)40.0gに、NMPを93.3g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸5.98gとピリジン2.57gを加え、60℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール500ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-8)の白茶色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は14,757、重量平均分子量は36,865であった。また、イミド化率は90%であった。
このポリイミド(SPI-8)2.00gに、γ-BL18.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.00g、BC6.00g、DPM6.00gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを5.71g(0.029mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABCPPを2.36g(0.009mol)、3-ABAを1.47g(0.012mol)、C14DABを2.88g(0.009mol)用い、NMP48.7g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-9)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-9)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-9)40.0gに、NMPを93.3g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸5.86gとピリジン2.51gを加え、60℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール500ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-9)の白茶色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は14,900、重量平均分子量は35,161であった。また、イミド化率は91%であった。
このポリイミド(SPI-9)2.00gに、γ-BL18.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.00g、BC6.00g、DPM6.00gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分として、CBDAを5.71g(0.029mol)、ジアミン成分として、DABCHxを2.23g(0.009mol)、3-ABAを1.47g(0.012mol)、C14DABを2.88g(0.009mol)用い、NMP49.2g中、室温で16時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-10)を得た。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-10)10.0gをNMP23.3g、BC10.0gを用いて希釈し、ポリアミック酸が6質量%、NMPが64質量%、BCが30質量%の溶液とし、本発明とする液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
ポリアミック酸溶液(PAA-10)40.0gに、NMPを93.3g加えて希釈し、無水酢酸5.92gとピリジン2.54gを加え、60℃で3時間反応させてイミド化した。この反応溶液を室温程度まで冷却後、メタノール500ml中に投入し、沈殿した固形物を回収した。さらに、この固形物をメタノールで数回洗浄した後、100℃で減圧乾燥して、ポリイミド(SPI-10)の白茶色粉末を得た。このポリイミドの数平均分子量は15,864、重量平均分子量は41,355であった。また、イミド化率は88%であった。
このポリイミド(SPI-10)2.00gに、γ-BL18.0gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌した。攪拌終了時点でポリイミドは完全に溶解していた。さらにこの溶液にγ-BL8.00g、BC6.00g、DPM6.00gを加え、50℃で20時間攪拌し、ポリイミドが5質量%、γ-BLが65質量%、DPMが15質量%、BCが15質量%の溶液とし、本発明の液晶配向処理剤を得た。この塗布液を用いて実施例2と同様に、液晶セルを作製し、物性の測定、特性の評価を行なった。
なお、2008年6月17日に出願された日本特許出願2008-158456号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (11)
- 式[1]で表されるジアミンが、ポリアミック酸の合成に使用する全ジアミン成分の20~100mol%である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 式[1]で表されるジアミンが、2つのアミノ基をメタまたはパラの位置に有するジアミンである、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分が、脂環式構造又は脂肪族構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の液晶配向処理剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項6に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 請求項8又は9に記載のジアミンを含むジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸。
- 請求項10に記載のポリアミック酸をイミド化したポリイミド。
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| KR1020157025673A KR101704332B1 (ko) | 2008-06-17 | 2009-06-16 | 액정 배향 처리제 및 그것을 사용한 액정 표시 소자, 그리고 신규한 디아민 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| TWI485181B (zh) | 2015-05-21 |
| JP5594136B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
| KR101704332B1 (ko) | 2017-02-07 |
| TWI510455B (zh) | 2015-12-01 |
| KR20150111376A (ko) | 2015-10-05 |
| CN102067024A (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
| KR20110017908A (ko) | 2011-02-22 |
| TW201005007A (en) | 2010-02-01 |
| JPWO2009154208A1 (ja) | 2011-12-01 |
| JP2014097986A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
| CN102067024B (zh) | 2013-08-07 |
| TW201434803A (zh) | 2014-09-16 |
| JP5729458B2 (ja) | 2015-06-03 |
| KR101616143B1 (ko) | 2016-04-27 |
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