WO2009150903A1 - 炭素膜及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
炭素膜及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009150903A1 WO2009150903A1 PCT/JP2009/058075 JP2009058075W WO2009150903A1 WO 2009150903 A1 WO2009150903 A1 WO 2009150903A1 JP 2009058075 W JP2009058075 W JP 2009058075W WO 2009150903 A1 WO2009150903 A1 WO 2009150903A1
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- carbon film
- carbon
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- alcohol
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0067—Inorganic membrane manufacture by carbonisation or pyrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/362—Pervaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/06—Tubular membrane modules
- B01D63/066—Tubular membrane modules with a porous block having membrane coated passages
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0088—Physical treatment with compounds, e.g. swelling, coating or impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0095—Drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/028—Molecular sieves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/28—Degradation or stability over time
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon membrane and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to a carbon membrane having high separation performance and little change in the separation performance with time, and a method for producing a carbon membrane capable of obtaining such a carbon membrane.
- Patent Document 1 tries to prevent adsorption of water molecules and prevent deterioration in permeation performance by applying silylation treatment to the surface of the carbon film and imparting hydrophobicity to the carbon film. It is what.
- the invention described in Patent Document 1 was able to effectively prevent water molecules from adsorbing on the surface of the carbon membrane, but the permeation rate was lowered as a result of the pore size of the carbon membrane being reduced by silylation. Therefore, there was room for further study.
- the hydrophilicity of the membrane is improved by immersing the carbon membrane in an acidic aqueous solution and adsorbing the molecules of the acidic substance, thereby separating water from an organic solvent such as alcohol.
- Water selectivity is improved. This is particularly effective when the object to be separated is an organic solvent containing water, but its effect on organic solvent mixtures and gases is unknown, and acidic substances such as acetic acid and hydrochloric acid are not known. Because of the use, there were problems such as odor and safety.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and provides a carbon membrane having high permeation performance and separation performance and little change in separation performance with time, and a method for producing such a carbon membrane.
- the present invention provides the following carbon film and method for producing the same.
- the water permeation flux is 200% or less before the heat treatment
- the ethanol permeation flux is 200% or more before the heat treatment.
- the carbon film according to any one of [1] to [9].
- a carbon film is formed on the surface of a hollow fiber-like or porous substrate to produce a pre-treatment carbon film, and water, alcohol, ether, or ketone is allowed to permeate the pre-treatment carbon film, or the pre-treatment carbon
- the pre-treatment carbon film is immersed in water, alcohol, ether, or ketone at 50-100 ° C. for 1 minute-24 hours, and then heated and dried at 50-200 ° C. 1-10 times.
- a carbon film precursor is disposed on the surface of the porous substrate to form a precursor, the precursor is heat-treated at 400 to 1200 ° C., and the precursor is carbonized to pre-process the carbon film.
- the method for producing a carbon film according to any one of [12] to [16].
- the pores of the carbon membrane are easy to permeate desired molecules and difficult to permeate other molecules.
- the structure has both high selectivity and permeability.
- the water, alcohol and the like are previously supported in the pores, it is possible to prevent further adsorption of water molecules in the air. The blockage can be prevented and the change in separation performance with time is small.
- the carbon film before treatment is immersed in water, alcohol, ether, or ketone, and then heated and dried at 50 to 200 ° C., whereby water, By loading alcohol, ether, or ketone, the carbon film of the present invention can be efficiently produced.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state in which a supported component is supported in a part of a slit-shaped pore formed in the carbon film of the present invention.
- One embodiment of the carbon membrane of the present invention is a porous carbon membrane in which water, alcohol, ether, or ketone is supported as a supporting component on the surface, in the pores, or in both the surface and the pores.
- the porous carbon film of the present invention is a molecular sieving carbon film, and the molecular sieving carbon film is made to pass through a specific molecule from a mixture containing the specific molecule by permeating or not permeating the specific molecule. It is a carbon film having the property of separating the molecules.
- the pore shape of the carbon film is generally considered to be a slit shape as shown in FIG. 1A.
- the inventors have found that selectivity is improved by first loading water, alcohol, ether, or ketone on a carbon membrane. Furthermore, from the various findings obtained in these experiments, the reason why the selectivity is improved by loading water, alcohol, ether, or ketone on the carbon membrane is that these components are adsorbed in the slit-like pores 1. Alternatively, by being supported by an addition reaction or the like, a wedge-shaped steric hindrance (supported component 2) is formed in the slit-shaped pore 1 as shown in FIG. 1B, thereby a component having a large molecular diameter, particularly a linear shape.
- the supporting component 2 is preferably a linear alcohol or a linear ether, and at least one selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol is more preferable. It has also been found that a carbon membrane having both high selectivity and permeability can be obtained by using the supported component.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a part of the slit-shaped pores formed in the carbon film of the present invention and a state before the supporting component is supported in the pores.
- FIG. 1B is a perspective view showing a part of the slit-like pores formed in the carbon film of the present invention and a carrier component supported in the pores. In FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the slit-shaped pore 1 shows the pore space, and the carbon film itself (the wall of the carbon membrane) does not appear.
- the molecular weight of the supported component is preferably 100 or less, more preferably 30 to 100, and particularly preferably 40 to 100. If the molecular weight of the supported component exceeds 100, the pores may be blocked and the permeation amount of the target substance may be reduced. Moreover, the effect as a steric hindrance may fall that molecular weight is less than 30.
- the mass of the supported component with respect to the mass of the film is preferably 100 ppm or more. If it is less than 100 ppm, the effect of improving selectivity may be reduced. Moreover, it is preferable that the mass of the carrying
- the carbon film of this embodiment preferably has an average pore diameter of 0.2 to 1.0 nm.
- the supported component may block the pores and the permeation amount of the target substance may be reduced, and when it exceeds 1.0 nm, the effect of improving the selectivity may be reduced. .
- the thickness of the carbon film of the present embodiment is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m. If it is thinner than 0.01 ⁇ m, the selectivity may be lowered and the strength may be lowered. If it is thicker than 10 ⁇ m, the fluid permeability may decrease.
- the carbon film of the present embodiment is preferably formed on the surface of the porous substrate. Thereby, the strength and durability of the carbon film can be improved.
- the porous substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably a ceramic porous body having an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m and a porosity of 30 to 70%. When the average pore diameter is smaller than 0.01 ⁇ m, the pressure loss may be increased. When the average pore diameter is larger than 10 ⁇ m, the strength of the porous substrate may be decreased. Moreover, if the porosity is less than 30%, the permeability of the component to be separated may be reduced, and if it is more than 70%, the strength of the porous substrate may be reduced.
- the material for the porous substrate examples include alumina, silica, cordierite, and the like.
- the shape of the porous substrate is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of use of the carbon film, such as a monolith shape, a honeycomb shape, a disc shape, a polygonal plate shape, a cylinder, a square tube, etc.
- the columnar shape examples include a cylindrical shape, a cylindrical shape, and a rectangular shape. Since the ratio of the membrane area to the volume and weight is large, a monolith shape or a honeycomb shape is particularly desirable.
- the size of the porous substrate is not particularly limited, and the size can be determined according to the purpose within a range that satisfies the strength required for the support and does not impair the permeability of the gas to be separated. .
- the carbon membrane of the present embodiment removes the supported component by heat treatment at 300 ° C. for 1 hour, so that “the water permeation flux becomes 200% or less before the heat treatment, and the ethanol permeation flux becomes the heat treatment. It is preferable that it becomes “200% or more before”. By satisfying such conditions, desired components can be efficiently separated from each other.
- a carbon membrane is formed on the surface of a hollow fiber-like or porous substrate to produce a pre-treatment carbon membrane, and water, alcohol, ether, or Permeate the ketone, or immerse the carbon film before treatment in water, alcohol, ether, or ketone, and then heat dry at 50 to 200 ° C. to allow various components to enter the surface, in the pores, or in both the surface and the pores. It is to be carried.
- each step will be described.
- the method for producing the pre-treatment carbon film is not particularly limited.
- the carbon film can be obtained by forming a porous carbon film on the surface of the porous substrate.
- it can form as a single film
- a method for forming a porous carbon film on the surface of the porous substrate is as follows.
- the porous substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably the same as the porous substrate used in the carbon membrane of the present invention.
- the carbon film disposed on the surface of the porous substrate for example, polyimide resin, lignin, phenol resin, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile, polyfurfuryl alcohol, polyphenylene oxide, cellulose and the like are preferably used. it can.
- the precursor of the carbon film is not particularly limited as long as it can be a carbon film.
- the method of disposing the polyimide resin and the phenol resin precursor on the surface of the porous substrate will be described in more detail.
- the polyamic acid that is the precursor of the polyimide resin or the solution of the phenol resin is applied to the surface of the porous substrate. It is preferable to apply and arrange by spin coating method, dipping method or the like.
- the surface of the porous substrate coated with polyamic acid or phenol resin is heat-treated at 90 to 300 ° C. for 0.5 to 60 hours to obtain a polyimide resin or phenol as a carbon film precursor.
- positioned resin on the surface is obtained.
- the thickness of the carbon film precursor is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the carbon film precursor is carbonized by heat treatment under predetermined conditions to obtain a pre-treatment carbon film in which the carbon film is disposed on the surface of the porous substrate.
- the atmosphere when heat-treating the precursor is preferably a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
- the non-oxidizing atmosphere refers to an atmosphere in which the precursor of the carbon film is not oxidized even when heated in the temperature range during the heat treatment. Specifically, the atmosphere in an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon or in a vacuum is used.
- the temperature when the carbon film precursor is heat-treated is preferably 400 to 1200 ° C., and more preferably 600 to 900 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 400 ° C., carbonization is insufficient and pores are not formed, and separation performance may not be exhibited.
- the temperature is higher than 1200 ° C., strength decreases, or separation performance decreases due to excessive densification of the membrane. There is.
- the thickness of the pre-treatment carbon film is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a hollow fiber is prepared by a method such as preparing a solution of polyamic acid or phenol resin which is a precursor of a polyimide resin which is a raw material of a carbon film, extruding it from a spinning nozzle into a hollow fiber shape, and dipping it in a coagulation solvent to solidify it.
- a film is formed. Then, it carbonizes by heat-processing on a predetermined condition, and obtains the carbon film before a process.
- high selectivity and permeability can be obtained by using at least one selected from linear alcohols or linear ethers, particularly preferably methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol as the supporting component. Can be obtained.
- permeating substance water, alcohol, ether, or ketone (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “permeating substance”) to permeate through the pre-treatment carbon membrane are as follows: permeation flux 0.01 to 10 kg / m 2 ⁇ hour, temperature 0 to It is preferably 200 ° C. and a permeation time of 1 second to 5 hours, more preferably a permeation flux of 0.1 to 1 kg / m 2 ⁇ hour, a temperature of 20 to 100 ° C., and a permeation time of 10 seconds to 1 hour.
- the treatment time may be long, and if it is greater than 10 kg / m 2 ⁇ hour, a large amount of material to be permeated is required.
- the temperature of the substance to be permeated is lower than 0 ° C., the permeation flux may not be obtained, and if it is higher than 200 ° C., the risk of igniting the permeate increases.
- the permeation time is shorter than 1 second, the supported component may be difficult to adsorb in the pores of the carbon film, and if it is longer than 5 hours, it may take an unnecessarily long time.
- the temperature is 50 to 100 ° C. and the immersion time is 1 minute to 24 hours.
- the temperature at the time of immersion is lower than 50 ° C., the supported component may be difficult to be supported, and when it is higher than 100 ° C., the risk of igniting the supported component may be increased.
- the immersion time is shorter than 1 minute, the supported component may be difficult to adsorb in the pores of the carbon film, and if longer than 24 hours, it may take an unnecessarily long time.
- the supporting component is adsorbed in the pores of the pre-treatment carbon film, the supporting component is bonded more firmly by heating to obtain a carbon film.
- the heating temperature is 50 to 200 ° C. If it is lower than 50 ° C., the supported component may be difficult to bind to the carbon film. Also, a high temperature condition higher than 200 ° C. is not necessary.
- the average pore diameter of the carbon membrane is preferably 0.2 to 1.0 nm.
- permeation support operation an operation of drying with heating at 1 to 10 times (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “permeation support operation”). If the number of the permeation support operations is more than 10 times, an unnecessarily many operations may be performed.
- an operation of immersing the pre-treatment carbon film in water, alcohol, ether or ketone at 50 to 100 ° C. for 1 minute to 24 hours and then heating and drying at 50 to 200 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as “immersion carrying operation”) It is preferable to obtain a carbon film by performing 1 to 10 times. If the number of the immersion supporting operations is more than 10 times, an unnecessarily many operations may be performed.
- the supporting component When the above-mentioned supporting component is supported in the pores of the carbon membrane, it is preferable that the supporting amount reaches saturation and is not supported any more. Thereby, when a carbon membrane is stored or used, high separation performance can be maintained more stably.
- the supported component alcohol is preferably at least one selected from methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol.
- the thickness of the obtained carbon film is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5 ⁇ m. If it is thinner than 0.01 ⁇ m, the strength and durability may be lowered, and if it is thicker than 10 ⁇ m, the pressure loss when the substance to be separated permeates may increase.
- a carbon film was formed on the surface of the porous substrate by the following method.
- a commercially available polyimide resin precursor varnish (U-Vanice A manufactured by Ube Industries) or a phenol resin (Bellpearl S899 manufactured by Air Water) was diluted or dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to prepare a concentration of 10% by mass.
- These solutions were dip-coated on a monolithic alumina porous substrate having an average surface pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m and dried to obtain carbon membrane precursors made of the respective resins.
- These precursors were heat-treated at 500 to 1200 ° C. for 1 hour under vacuum or nitrogen atmosphere to obtain carbon films 1 to 31.
- Table 1 shows the precursor, carbonization atmosphere, and carbonization temperature.
- the obtained carbon film has a structure in which carbon films are formed on the wall surfaces of a plurality of flow paths of a monolithic porous substrate.
- the supporting treatment described in the next section was performed on the carbon films 1 to 26.
- the carbon films 27 to 31 were not subjected to a supporting treatment and were regarded as Comparative Examples 1 to 5.
- each carbon membrane was permeated for 5 minutes with each supported component shown in Table 1 (water, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, n-butanol, n-octanol, diethyl ether, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone). And then heated at 100 ° C. for 64 hours.
- the permeation treatment refers to a treatment method in which one surface of the carbon membrane is filled with various liquids or their vapors in an atmospheric pressure or pressurized state, and the other is decompressed to forcibly pass each component through the membrane.
- the above loading treatment operation was performed 3 times for Example 3, 5 times for Example 14, and 1 time for others, and carbon films carrying various components were obtained (Examples 1 to 26). Two carbon membranes were prepared for analysis of carrier component concentration and for evaluation of separation performance and durability performance.
- the permeation flux (Flux) of each carbon membrane with respect to water and ethanol is measured at a feed liquid temperature of 70 ° C. and a permeate pressure of 50 Torr (before heat treatment), and then heated at 300 ° C. in the atmosphere for 1 hour to remove the support material. Then, the permeation flux (Flux) was again measured (after heat treatment) in the same manner as before heating, and the amount of change in permeation flux (Flux) was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the carbon film according to the present invention can be widely used for a filter application for selectively separating a specific substance (gas, liquid) from a mixture of a plurality of substances (gas, liquid).
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Abstract
Description
処理前炭素膜の作製方法は特に限定されないが、例えば、多孔質基材の表面に、多孔質の炭素膜を形成して得ることができる。また、多孔質基材を用いずに、中空糸膜を製膜する等の方法により単独の膜として形成することができる。多孔質基材の表面に、多孔質の炭素膜を形成する方法は以下の通りである。
次に、得られた処理前炭素膜に、水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンを透過させるか、又は、炭素膜を水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンに浸漬する。これにより、炭素膜の細孔内に、上記水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトン(以下、これらの成分を「担持成分」ということがある)を担持させる。これにより、各種混合ガスや混合液を分離する際、所望の成分の選択性を向上させることができる。また、得られた炭素膜を保管するとき、及び炭素膜を分離対象物質の分離に使用するときに、保管雰囲気中の水分や、分離対象物質中の各種成分等が、更に細孔内に吸着して細孔を閉塞することを防止することができ、高い透過性能を安定して維持することができる。また、担持成分を直鎖状のアルコール、または直鎖状のエーテル、特に好ましくはメタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、n-ブタノールから選ばれるうちの少なくとも一つとすることで、高い選択性と透過性を併せ持つ炭素膜を得ることができる。
以下の方法により、多孔質基材表面に炭素膜を形成した。市販のポリイミド樹脂前駆体ワニス(宇部興産製U-ワニスA)、又はフェノール樹脂(エア・ウォーター製ベルパールS899)をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに希釈または溶解させて濃度10質量%に調製した。これらの溶液を表面の平均細孔径が0.1μmのモノリス形状アルミナ多孔質基材にディップコートし乾燥させて、それぞれの樹脂から成る炭素膜前駆体を得た。これら前駆体を真空または窒素雰囲気下で500~1200℃にて1時間熱処理し、炭素膜1~31を得た。前駆体、炭化雰囲気及び炭化温度を表1に示す。得られた炭素膜は、モノリス形状の多孔質基材の複数の流路の壁面に炭素膜が形成された構造である。このうち炭素膜1~26に対して次項で述べる担持処理を行った。炭素膜27~31については担持処理を行わず、比較例1~5とした。
それぞれの炭素膜を、表1に示すそれぞれの担持成分(水、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、i-プロパノール、n-ブタノール、n-オクタノール、ジエチルエーテル、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン)で5分間の浸透処理を行い、その後100℃で64時間加熱した。ここで浸透処理とは炭素膜の一方の表面を大気圧または加圧状態の各種液体またはそれらの蒸気で満たし、他方を減圧して強制的に各成分を膜に通過させる処理方法を指す。以上の担持処理操作を実施例3については3回、実施例14では5回、それ以外では1回行い、各種成分を担持させた炭素膜を得た(実施例1~26)。炭素膜はそれぞれ担持成分濃度分析用、および分離性能・耐久性能評価用に二個ずつ作製した。
これらの炭素膜から基材上に形成された膜部分のみを削り取り、粉末状の分析用試料を作製した。各試料を精秤し、熱脱離用ガラス管に入れた後、両端にガラスウールで栓をしたものを試料とした。80℃で5分間予備乾燥後、280℃まで5分間で昇温し脱離したガスをGC-FIDにより分析した。一方でCHN分析を行って試料中のCHN量を測定し、これらの総量に対する担持成分の濃度を算出した。担持処理回数及び担持成分濃度を表1に示す。
上記の方法で得られた実施例1~26、比較例1~5の炭素膜について、水/エタノール浸透気化分離(供給液組成水/エタノール=10/90質量%、供給液温度70℃、透過側圧力50Torr)を行い、分離係数α及び透過流束(Flux)(kg/m2h)を求めた。更に、上記炭素膜について、単成分ガスの透過係数(加圧0.1MPa)(ガス透過係数(nmol/Pa・m2・s))を求めた。「nmol」は、「10-9mol」を示す。また、それぞれの炭素膜を大気中で3日間放置した後、再度、単成分ガスのうちHe、O2、CH4のガス透過係数を測定することで、膜の耐久性能を評価した(大気放置後(nmol/Pa・m2・s))。結果を表2に示す。また、比較例2、および実施例5~12については、水/酢酸浸透気化分離(供給液組成水/酢酸=30/70質量%、供給液温度70℃、透過側圧力50Torr)を行い、分離係数α及び透過流束(Flux)(kg/m2h)を求めた。更に、比較例2、および実施例5~12については、水/i-プロパノール浸透気化分離(供給液組成水/i-プロパノール=10/90質量%、供給液温度70℃、透過側圧力50Torr)を行い、分離係数α及び透過流束(Flux)(kg/m2h)を求めた。結果を表3に示す。
各炭素膜の水、エタノールそれぞれに対する透過流束(Flux)を供給液温度70℃、透過側圧力50Torrで測定(加熱処理前)した後、大気中300℃で1時間加熱し、担持物質を除去した後に再び加熱前と同様に透過流束(Flux)を測定(加熱処理後)し、透過流束(Flux)の変化量を評価した。結果を表4に示す。
Claims (17)
- 表面、細孔内、又は表面及び細孔内の両方に、水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンが担持成分として担持された多孔質性の炭素膜。
- 前記担持成分の分子量が100以下である請求項1に記載の炭素膜。
- 前記担持成分が直鎖状のアルコール、または直鎖状のエーテルである請求項1又は2に記載の炭素膜。
- 前記担持成分がメタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、n-ブタノールから選ばれる少なくとも一つである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 膜の質量に対する担持成分の質量が100ppm以上である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 膜の質量に対する担持成分の質量が5000ppm以下である請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 平均細孔径が0.2~1.0nmである請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 多孔質基材の表面に形成された請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 前記多孔質基材が、平均細孔径0.01~10μm、気孔率30~70%のセラミック多孔質体である請求項8に記載の炭素膜。
- 300℃、1時間の加熱処理によって前記担持成分を除去することで、水の透過流束が加熱処理前の200%以下となり、かつエタノールの透過流束が加熱処理前の200%以上となる請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 厚さが、0.01~10μmである請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の炭素膜。
- 中空糸状または多孔質基材の表面に炭素膜を形成して処理前炭素膜を作製し、
前記処理前炭素膜に水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンを透過させ、又は前記処理前炭素膜を水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンに浸漬し、
その後50~200℃で加熱乾燥させて各種成分を表面、細孔内、又は表面及び細孔内の両方に担持させる炭素膜の製造方法。 - 前記処理前炭素膜に水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンを、透過流束0.01~10kg/m2・時間、0~200℃で、1秒~5時間透過させ、その後50~200℃で加熱乾燥させる操作を、1~10回行って炭素膜を得る請求項12に記載の炭素膜の製造方法。
- 前記処理前炭素膜を水、アルコール、エーテル、またはケトンに、50~100℃で、1分~24時間浸漬させ、その後50~200℃で加熱乾燥させる操作を1~10回行って炭素膜を得る請求項12に記載の炭素膜の製造方法。
- 前記炭素膜の厚さが、0.01~10μmである請求項12~14のいずれかに記載の炭素膜の製造方法。
- 前記多孔質基材が、平均細孔径0.01~10μm、気孔率30~70%のセラミック多孔質体である請求項12~15のいずれかに記載の炭素膜の製造方法。
- 前記多孔質基材の表面に炭素膜の前駆体を配設して前駆体を形成し、
前記前駆体を400~1200℃で熱処理し、前記前駆体を炭化して処理前炭素膜を作製する請求項12~16のいずれかに記載の炭素膜の製造方法。
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| JP2011201753A (ja) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-10-13 | Ngk Insulators Ltd | 炭素膜の製造方法 |
| WO2013145863A1 (ja) | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 炭素膜、炭素膜の製造方法、及び炭素膜フィルタ |
| JP2014113558A (ja) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-26 | Toagosei Co Ltd | 有機溶剤水溶液からイソプロピルアルコールを回収する方法 |
| JP2023512142A (ja) * | 2019-12-11 | 2023-03-24 | ファンダシオン テクナリア リサーチ アンド イノベイション | 分子ふるい炭素膜及び分離プロセスにおけるその使用 |
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| CN101801509A (zh) | 2010-08-11 |
| EP2298437A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
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| JPWO2009150903A1 (ja) | 2011-11-10 |
| EP2298437B1 (en) | 2020-04-08 |
| EP2298437A4 (en) | 2013-12-04 |
| US20100083837A1 (en) | 2010-04-08 |
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| JP5595044B2 (ja) | 2014-09-24 |
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| CA2691305A1 (en) | 2009-12-17 |
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