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WO2009147123A1 - Moyen anti-statique contenant du sulfate d'éther d'alcool gras et des esters d'acide gras de polyéthylène glycol - Google Patents

Moyen anti-statique contenant du sulfate d'éther d'alcool gras et des esters d'acide gras de polyéthylène glycol Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009147123A1
WO2009147123A1 PCT/EP2009/056719 EP2009056719W WO2009147123A1 WO 2009147123 A1 WO2009147123 A1 WO 2009147123A1 EP 2009056719 W EP2009056719 W EP 2009056719W WO 2009147123 A1 WO2009147123 A1 WO 2009147123A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
fatty alcohol
polymer
polymer composition
alcohol ether
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/056719
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Daute
Bernhard Bartnick
Alfred Westfechtel
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Emery Oleochemicals GmbH
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Emery Oleochemicals GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emery Oleochemicals GmbH filed Critical Emery Oleochemicals GmbH
Publication of WO2009147123A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009147123A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/41—Compounds containing sulfur bound to oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a polymer composition comprising from 20 to 99.95% by weight, based on the polymer composition, of at least one polymer; and at least one fatty alcohol ether sulfate of a fatty alcohol having 6 to 22 C atoms.
  • the invention also relates to molded articles, antistatic agents and their preparation and use.
  • Plastics such as PVC, PET or PLA are non-conductors, ie electrical insulators. This property causes an electrical charge of the surface takes place and due to the associated Staubanziehung moldings quickly pollute and unsightly. These adverse properties can be largely prevented by antistatic agents (Becker / Braun Kunststoff Handbook Vol. 2/1, Carl Hanser Verlag 1986, p. 729-732).
  • Antistatic agents are divided into external (external) and internal (internal) antistatic agents.
  • External antistatic agents are applied to moldings in a thin layer on the surface and optionally bonded to the surface.
  • the disadvantage of this surface application is the low resistance of the antistatic effect, so that the protective effect decreases over time and, especially after rinsing and washing, a post-treatment is required.
  • Internal antistatics are part of the molding and are added to the corresponding polymer compositions along with other additives.
  • the decisive advantage of the internal antistatics is the lasting effect that can be achieved through them.
  • Internal antistatic agents are usually surface-active. They are generally surfactants and composed of a hydrophobic nonpolar moiety (eg a long chain alkyl moiety) and a hydrophilic polar moiety. For example, alkylsulfonates or quaternary ammonium compounds are incorporated in polystyrene.
  • internal antistatic agents partially migrate to the surface of the plastic. There, the surface-active molecules orient themselves so that the hydrophilic groups protrude from the polymer. By taking up water from the air, a conductive layer builds up, whereby the polar groups of the antistatic agent increase the wettability and usually have a hygroscopic effect.
  • Internal antistatic agents have the advantage over external ones that the reduction of surface resistance is mostly permanent. At normal humidity, the conductivity is usually sufficient to prevent, for example, dusting by electrostatic attraction.
  • EP 0 300 951 B1 discloses antistatics for plastics based on fatty acid esters of ethoxylated alcohols.
  • antistatic thermoplastics The production of antistatic thermoplastics is also described in the published patent application DE 23 24 888. As antistatic agents fatty acid esters of polyalcohols are used.
  • antistatic agents which can be used for various polymers such as PVC, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polylactate and polycarbonate.
  • the objects according to the invention consist in alleviating or even eliminating the disadvantages resulting from the prior art.
  • the invention is also based on the object to provide improved internal antistatic agents that meet the needs described.
  • the antistatic agents should be particularly suitable for thermoplastics such as PVC.
  • the electrical charge of the surface should be reduced and the surface resistance (volume resistivity) should be reduced.
  • the invention is also based on the object to provide antistatic agents that can be used for various polymers.
  • a contribution to the solution of at least one of the above objects is afforded by a method for the production of a shaped body, including the method steps: i) the provision of a thermoplastic
  • thermoplastic composition to the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer or to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer;
  • polymer composition is preparable by contacting at least the following composition components: Zl at least 20 wt .-%, based on the
  • Polymer composition at least one polymer; Z2 0.001 to 15 wt .-%, based on the polymer composition, a fatty alcohol ether sulfate of a fatty alcohol having 6 to 22 carbon atoms; and Z3 0 to 30 wt .-%, based on the
  • a polymer composition an additive other than the above composition ingredients; wherein the sum of the weight percentages of the composition components is 100, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polylactate, polycarbonate, polystyrenes, polyurethanes, polyethers, rubber, copolymers of at least two of the foregoing.
  • the fatty alcohols are primary alcohols or mixtures containing more than 50% by weight, based on the mixture, of at least one primary alcohol.
  • "fatty alcohol” refers to an alcohol which corresponds to a fatty acid and has a hydroxymethyl group instead of the carboxyl group It does not matter whether the fatty alcohol was obtained by hydrogenation of a fatty acid or by another chemical route such as the synthesis reaction
  • the fatty alcohol preferably has 6 to 22, in particular 8 to 20 and particularly preferably 10 to 14, carbon atoms, the fatty alcohol being in particular a linear alcohol In another embodiment of the invention, however, it is also possible to use mixtures of linear and branched fatty alcohols
  • the carbon chain of the fatty alcohol may be unsaturated or saturated ol (hexadecanol), myristyl alcohol (tetradecanol) or lauryl alcohol (dodecanol).
  • fatty alcohol ether sulfate means that the compound contains at least one ether group wherein the hydroxy group of a fatty alcohol has been converted to the ether group The ether group has been formed with a second alcohol The ether is additionally sulfated.
  • the fatty alcohol ether sulfate has a molecular weight of 200 to 3,000, in particular 300 to 2,500 and particularly preferably 400 to 2000 g / mol.
  • the fatty alcohol ether sulfate includes a linear hydroxy-terminated, hydroxy-terminated linear polyether of which the first of the two hydroxy end groups is etherified with the fatty alcohol and the second of the two hydroxy end groups is sulfated.
  • Polyethers which can be used according to the invention are, for example, polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol.
  • the linear polyethers may also have side chains, for example methyl groups. Such polyethers are obtained in the polymerization of 1,2-propanediol.
  • the fatty alcohol ether sulfate preferably has the general formula (I)
  • M is selected from the group of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, ammonium and ammonium compounds.
  • M is particularly preferably selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium or ammonium.
  • connection is a 70% solution under the trade name Disponil.RTM ® FES 70 from Cognis GmbH. This product is used according to the prior art as a surfactant, for example for detergents.
  • the polymer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polylactate (PLA), polycarbonate, polystyrenes, polyurethanes, polyethers, rubber, preferably polyisoprene, rubber , in particular NBR rubber, polybutadiene, copolymers of at least two of the foregoing, in particular polyethylene / polypropylene copolymers and mixtures of at least two thereof.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PP polypropylene
  • PE polyethylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PLA polylactate
  • PVC polycarbonate
  • polystyrenes polyurethanes
  • polyethers preferably polyisoprene, rubber , in particular NBR rubber, polybutadiene, copolymers of at least two of the foregoing, in particular polyethylene / polypropylene copolymers and
  • the polymeric composition is thermoplastic and does not melt below 80, preferably below 140 and preferably below Particularly 270 0 C. In most cases lie in the invention preferred thermoplastic polymer compositions at 350 ° or less than melt before.
  • inventive thermoplastic thermoplastic
  • Polymer compositions are more than 50 wt .-%, preferably more than 75 wt .-% and particularly preferably more than 90 wt .-%, each based on the polymer or polymers used in the thermoplastic composition, thermoplastic polymers with just such a melting behavior used.
  • the fatty alcohol ether sulfate is preferably present in an amount of 0.05 to 15 wt .-%, preferably between 0.1 and 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 7 wt .-%, based on the total polymer composition ,
  • the weight fraction of the fatty alcohol ether sulfate is preferably greater than 0.2; 0.5 or 1% by weight.
  • the polymer composition according to another aspect of the present invention includes as further composition component Z4 a polyether ester in an amount of 0.001 to 20 wt .-%, based on the polymer composition.
  • Suitable polyether esters are in principle all those known to those skilled in the art, these preferably having a molecular weight in the range from 100 to 6000, preferably from 150 to 5000, and particularly preferably from 200 to 4000 g / mol.
  • the polyetherester is a polyalkylene fatty acid ester.
  • Polyakylen decorateteil polyethylene and polypropylene glycol is preferred and polyethylene glycol is particularly preferred.
  • the polyalkylene fatty acid ester preferably has the general formula (II)
  • R ' is a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl radical having 6 to 22, preferably 8 to 18 and particularly preferably 10 to 14 C
  • composition component Z4 is a polyalkylene fatty acid monoester.
  • the composition components Z2: Z4 are in a ratio of 0.05: 1 to 0.5: 1, preferably of 0.1: 1 to 0.4: 1, and more preferably of 0.15: 1 to 0.3: 1 before.
  • composition components Z3 is selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, antiblocking agents, anti-impact agents, other antistatic agents, flame retardants, dyes, pigments, blowing agents, fillers, fats, oils and solvents or a mixture of at least two of them.
  • Another contribution to achieving at least one of the above objects is to provide a process for producing a polymer composition by contacting at least the following composition components
  • Zl at least 20, preferably at least 50 and more preferably at least 95 wt .-%, each based on the polymer composition, of at least one polymer;
  • a polyalkylene fatty acid ester in an amount of 0.001 to 20% by weight, based on the polymer composition is preferably used as further composition constituent Z4.
  • the polymer composition contains a polyalkylene fatty alcohol ether. This can be used in accordance with the composition component Z4 as a composition component Z5. Therefore, with respect to quantities, hybrids and the like, reference is made to the remarks on Z4.
  • the polyalkylene fatty alcohol alcohol ether preferably has the general formula (III)
  • M * is a cation or hydrogen
  • the polymer composition contains, as a constituent of the composition, further additives.
  • Fe selected from the group consisting of stabilizers, lubricants, plasticizers, antiblocking agents, anti-fogging agents, other antistatic agents, flame retardants, dyes, pigments, blowing agents, fillers, fats, oils, antioxidants and solvents or a mixture of at least two thereof. It is also possible to add further customary additives to plastics processing.
  • Stabilizers protect plastics such as PVC from decomposing or chemically altering at high temperatures. They thereby improve the weather resistance.
  • plastics such as PVC
  • PVC polyvinyl styrene
  • Stabilizers protect plastics such as PVC from decomposing or chemically altering at high temperatures. They thereby improve the weather resistance.
  • compounds based on lead, calcium, zinc, barium and tin are used.
  • Lubricants serve to facilitate the processing of polymers by reducing the friction between the polymer chains and reducing the wall adhesion of the melt.
  • metal soaps such as lead and calcium stearates and laurates, which also act as a co-stabilizer.
  • Plasticizers give the plastic suppleness and flexibility. Many plasticisers belong to the group of phthalates (DEHP, DINP and DIDP), as well as adipates and citrates.
  • Anti-fogging agents are used to prevent the formation of precipitates on the surface. Such anti-fogging agents are disclosed, for example, in DE 10 2004 038 980 A1 and Plastics Additives Handbook, 5th Edition, Hanser Verlag, pages 609 to 626, and can be obtained from Cognis Oleochemicals GmbH.
  • Anti-blocking agents are additives which prevent or reduce the sticking ("blocking") of coated surfaces to one another or to substrates (eg when stacking or packaging).
  • the selection must be made more suitable Release agents are made, which are usually added to the coating material and reach the surface during the drying phase.
  • Release agents are usually added to the coating material and reach the surface during the drying phase.
  • paraffin, polyethylene wax, wax esters, silicone oils, stearates, modified silicas and talcum are used for this purpose.
  • Fillers such as mineral such as chalk and talc, increase the strength and improve the insulation effect.
  • dyes and pigments are inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, and organic dyes.
  • the solvent there may be used water or organic solvents such as alcohols such as polyglycol, especially polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol or a mixture of the above.
  • both duroplastic and thermoplasitic polymers can be used in principle.
  • the polymer composition is preferably a thermoplastic or elastic polymer composition.
  • Thermoplastic polymer compositions are reversibly transformable from a certain temperature range.
  • the polymer composition is a non-crosslinked, optionally crosslinkable polymer composition, for example for the production of elastomers.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a polymer composition according to the invention, wherein the polymers are mixed with the fatty alcohol ether sulfate and optionally further additives.
  • Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of a shaped body, wherein a polymer composition according to the invention is processed into the shaped body.
  • the thermoplastic polymer compositions according to the invention can generally be processed into the shaped bodies according to the invention by known processes.
  • the polymer compositions can first be prepared by known methods, for example by the incorporation of additives or by the conversion of the polymer composition into a suitable form, such as granules, powders, pastes or solutions.
  • the polymer compositions are treated mechanically, ie dispersed, kneaded or granulated.
  • the processing into moldings takes place for example by injection molding or extrusion.
  • the moldings are post-processed, so formed, cut, surface treated or welded. Curable polymer compositions are cured after compression or deformation into moldings.
  • a "shaped article" in the sense of the invention is a polymer composition processed into a three-dimensional spatial form. It may be a mold obtainable by thermal deformation. Such shaped bodies are obtained, for example, by the processing of thermoplastics by known processes. However, the shaped body can also be a crosslinked or vulcanized molding. Such moldings are obtained, for example, in the processing of elastomers.
  • the molding according to the invention has antistatic properties.
  • the shaped body is in the form of a film, an outer lining, a container, a fiber or a packaging.
  • the moldings preferably serve as packaging materials, in particular in the form of films and outer linings.
  • thermoplastic polymer composition according to the invention
  • thermoplastic composition to the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer or to a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer;
  • thermoplastic composition according to the invention is first of all provided, this preparation preferably taking place by a process according to the first variant of the process according to the invention.
  • the thermoplastic composition is heated to the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer or at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer.
  • the heating of the thermoplastic composition to a temperature in a range of 5 degrees below the glass transition temperature (T g ) to 100 0 C above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer used, more preferably to a temperature in a range of 1 degree below the glass transition temperature (T g ) to 50 0 C above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer employed, and most preferably to a temperature in the range of 1 degree above the glass transition temperature (T g ) to 20 0 C is above the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer used, but here too the upper limit of the temperature range is essentially limited by the decomposition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer used.
  • the method steps I) and II) can be carried out simultaneously or in succession.
  • a simultaneous implementation of process steps I) and II) is useful, for example, if the thermoplastic composition is prepared by means of a melt mixing process. It may optionally be advantageous here to convert the composition produced by the melt-blending method directly into a shaped body.
  • a successive carrying out of process steps I) and II) is useful, for example, when the thermoplastic composition is prepared by a dry mixing process or if the thermoplastic composition is indeed produced by a melt mixing process, but not immediately after the preparation of the formation of a shaped body is subjected but rather, it is first cooled according to method step v).
  • a shaped body is produced from the heated, thermoplastic composition produced in process step II).
  • a method for producing a molded article in particular, the injection molding, the
  • Extrusion molding compression molding, sheet molding, lamination molding, shell molding, vacuum molding, and transfer molding, with injection molding being particularly preferred.
  • At least a portion of the shaped body obtained in process step III) is reduced in its mass cross-section compared to process step III).
  • the mass cross-section is the cross-section of a region of the shaped body that consists of the thermoplastic molding composition of the invention.
  • the mass cross-section represents the thickness of a wall of these containers or containers.
  • the mass cross-section represents the thickness of these threads or strands.
  • rather flat structures such as plates, layers, webs, films or Slides presents The mass cross section represents the strength of these flat structures.
  • all methods known and suitable to the person skilled in the art are suitable for reducing the mass cross section. This includes, for example, stretching in one or two directions, pulling in one or two directions, spinning or blowing, each preferably at elevated temperatures at which the thermoplastic composition of the invention is so soft or even liquid that stretching, pulling, spinning or Blisters can be done.
  • the partial region in which the cross-sectional reduction takes place preferably makes up at least 50% and particularly preferably at least 80% of the shaped article obtained in step III).
  • stretching or drawing takes place when a fiber is to be obtained from the shaped body obtained in step III).
  • drawing or stretching can take place in one or more dimensions.
  • the web running from an extruder can be drawn onto a roll at a speed which is higher than that at the exit speed from the extruder.
  • a container or container it is primarily the blowing in step IV) that is used, apart from stretching, pulling and spinning.
  • the mass cross-section reduction takes place by applying a gas pressure.
  • the gas pressure is generally chosen so that the thermoplastic composition of the shaped body obtained in step III), which is usually heated to at least the glass transition temperature, can be expanded.
  • the elongation is limited by the use of a mold having the final shape of the molded article. It is furthermore possible for two or more of the method steps I) to IV) to be supplemented by further method steps and / or to run at least overlapping in time. This applies in particular to process steps III) and IV).
  • Another object of the invention is a molding obtained by a process according to the invention.
  • Another object of the invention is a shaped body containing a polymer composition according to the invention.
  • the molding according to the invention has antistatic properties because of the incorporation of the fatty alcohol ether sulfate.
  • the volume resistivity is preferably ⁇ 1.5 * 10 11 , in particular ⁇ 1 * 10 11 or ⁇ 5 * 10 10 or in a range of 1 to 9 * 10 10 , preferably from 1.5 to 8 * 10 10 ohm * cm.
  • the molded article is selected from a group consisting of a container, a film, a fiber.
  • the polymer composition according to the invention and also the shaped articles according to the invention obtained therefrom comprise at least 50, preferably at least 70 and particularly preferably at least 90% by weight, in each case based on the polymer composition or the molding, of PVC.
  • An antistatic composition makes a further contribution to the solution of at least one object according to the invention.
  • Disese containing at least 70, preferably at least 80 and more preferably at least 90% by weight of a combination of a fatty alcohol ether sulfate with a polyether ester in a ratio of 0.05: 1 to 0.5: 1, preferably 0.1: 1 to 0.4: 1 and more preferably from 0.15: 1 to 0.3: 1.
  • a fatty alcohol ether sulfate and the polyether ester reference is made to the above embodiments in detail.
  • the invention relates to the use of a fatty alcohol ether sulfate as an antistatic agent for plastics. Furthermore, the invention relates to the use of a combination of a fatty alcohol ether sulfate with a polyether ester as an antistatic agent for plastics.
  • fatty alcohol ether sulfate polyether esters reference is made to the above statements in detail. In particular, use is made to reduce the specific transit Resistant plastic with fatty alcohol ether sulfate or with fatty alcohol ether sulfate and polyether ester compared to the plastic without these substances.
  • the molecular weights of fatty alcohol ether sulfate and polyether ester were determined by GPC, unless calculable by stoichiometry.
  • the volume resistivity is determined according to DIN 53482 / VDE 0303 part 3 (conditioning of the samples at 4 d at 42% RLF).
  • the surface resistivity was determined according to DIN 53482 / VDE 0303 Part 3 (conditioning of the samples 5 d at 50% RLF).
  • Rolled skins were made according to the recipe of Table 1. The preparation of the rolled sheets by the PVC powder and the said additives together and mixed on a laboratory roll mill (Bersttorff GmbH, Germany) for 5 minutes, homogenized at 180 0 C and plastif ⁇ participatede. From the approximately 0.5 mm thick rolled skins thus produced, test pieces (test specimens) of the size of 10 ⁇ 10 cm were cut out. Of the specimens, the spec. Surface resistances are determined and are given in Table 2.
  • Example B2 is according to the invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'un corps moulé, comprenant les opérations suivantes : I) mise à disposition d'une composition polymère thermoplastique; II) chauffage de la composition thermoplastique pour la porter à la température de transition vitreuse du polymère thermoplastique ou à une température supérieure à celle-ci; III) réalisation d'un corps moulé à partir de la composition thermoplastique chauffée produite en II), la composition polymère pouvant être produite par mise en contact d'au moins les constituants suivants : Z1 au moins 20 % en poids, rapportés à la composition polymère, d'au moins un polymère; Z2 0,001 à 15 % en poids, rapportés à la composition polymère, d'un sulfate d'éther d'un alcool gras comprenant de 6 à 22 atomes de C; et Z3 0 à 30 % en poids, rapportés à la composition polymère, d'un additif différent des constituants mentionnés précédemment, la somme des pourcentages pondéraux des constituants valant 100, le polymère étant choisi dans le groupe qui comprend le polychlorure de vinyle, le polypropylène, le polyéthylène, le polyéthylène téréphthalate, le polylactate, le polycarbonate, le polystyrène, les polyuréthanes, les polyéthers, le caoutchouc, les copolymères d'au moins deux des polymères mentionnés précédemment.
PCT/EP2009/056719 2008-06-02 2009-06-02 Moyen anti-statique contenant du sulfate d'éther d'alcool gras et des esters d'acide gras de polyéthylène glycol Ceased WO2009147123A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102008026264A DE102008026264A1 (de) 2008-06-02 2008-06-02 Antistatikmittel enthaltend Fettalkoholethersulfat und Polyethylenglycolfettsäureester
DE102008026264.1 2008-06-02

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WO2009147123A1 true WO2009147123A1 (fr) 2009-12-10

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CN115785651B (zh) * 2023-01-30 2023-06-06 中国万宝工程有限公司 一种具有防静电作用的橡胶组合物

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