WO2009033828A1 - Metering system for dispensing flowable or dispersible preparations - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a dispensing and metering system (1), particularly for laundry and cleaning agents containing preparations, comprising at least one container (3) for receiving at least one first flowable or dispersible product (4), a control device (2) that can be coupled to the dispensing opening (5) of the container (3) and controls a metering and release of at least the first flowable or dispersible product (4) from the container (3) into the environment, wherein at least one sensor (8) is suited for detecting a temperature T, the signal in the controller (9) generated by the temperature sensor (8) is converted into a temperature gradient ?T/?t representing the loading state of a washer or dishwasher, and the temperature gradient ?T/?t in the controller (9) is utilized for determining the metering amount Vdos of at least one first flowable or dispersible product (4) to be released.

Description

 Dosing system for dispensing flowable or spreadable preparations

The invention relates to a dispensing and dosing system for dispensing flowable or spreadable preparations, in particular preparations containing detergents or cleaners, in dishwashers, washing machines, dryers or the like, wherein the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t is used to determine the amount of detergent to be dispensed.

State of the art

The precise and appropriate dosage of active substances is relevant for a variety of applications. In particular, in the household sector, the dosage of active substances is of increasing importance, which is primarily based on the exact and demand-controlled dosage of the corresponding active ingredients, which on the one hand protects the environment by conserving resources and avoiding overdose and overdoses, on the other hand, the efficiency of the drugs so dosed is optimized.

Detergents for dishwashers are often used today in the form of detergent tablets. Although the application and dosage for the user is relatively simple and convenient, the drug release from the tablets is not optimized in terms of rinsing and drying cycles of the respective dishwasher.

Dosing devices for dispensing cleaning agents during the washing cycles of a dishwasher are known, for example, from WO2006 / 021764. The dispensing of cleaning agents is controlled by a bimetal that triggers a spring mechanism upon reaching a predetermined temperature, which causes the release of cleaning agents in the dishwasher.

A major disadvantage of this metering device is its complex mechanical structure, whereby the cost of their production are high. It is therefore regularly desirable to provide a metering device with the simplest possible mechanical configuration.

Furthermore, the device known from WO2006 / 021764 is not suitable for liberating liquid or gelatinous preparations. However, this would be particularly advantageous because usually in liquids or gels higher drug concentrations than in solid dosage forms such as powders or tablets can be realized.

In particular, by a single, surge-like dosage (often also referred to as "one-shot"), as is customary today, for example, largely by washing or cleaning tablets, it may happen that during the supply of such surfactant preparations, for example during a cleaning cycle of a dishwasher, The preparations are coated immediately after dosing in the dishwasher interior and the contact with water of gel layers, which then prevent a rapid dissolution of the gel layer enclosed by the formulation and the colder the water is, in which the preparation is to be dissolved.

This may result in retarded cooking residues left in the dishwasher or on the dishes at the end of the wash program, and insufficient surfactant may be released during the wash program to provide satisfactory cleaning performance of the formulation, particularly in low temperature wash and clean programs.

It is therefore further desirable to have a metering device which liberates surfactant mixtures which tend to gel in such a way that gelling is largely prevented or at least significantly reduced.

For this purpose, it is also necessary to effect the release of such preparations at a defined temperature, so that a rapid and complete dissolution of the preparations is achieved in warm rinse water.

An important parameter with regard to an appropriate dosage of cleaning substances in dishwashers is the loading state of the machine. It can be seen that a fully filled dishwasher requires in principle a larger amount of dishwashing detergent than an only partially filled dishwashing detergent. Therefore, a metering device is desirable, which provides a needs-based dosage of detergent depending on the loading state of the machine.

Furthermore, it would be advantageous that a corresponding metering device could in particular identify the program steps of a dishwasher in order to realize a dosage adapted and optimized to the corresponding program step. Aufqabe of the invention

The object of the invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art and to provide a dispensing and metering device that realizes a needs-based, load-dependent release of a metered amount of a flowable or spreadable product.

The object is achieved by a dispensing and metering device having the features of claim 1.

By determining the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t a conclusion on the loading condition of a dishwasher is possible. If a dishwasher is almost fully loaded then the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t is smaller than in a weakly loaded dishwasher. This can be explained by the different heat capacities that an almost fully loaded dishwasher has compared to a weakly loaded dishwasher inside the dishwasher. Due to the comparatively high heat capacity of a fully loaded dishwasher, it heats up more slowly than a dishwasher, which is only lightly loaded.

A comparatively low temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t thus suggests a high loading of the dishwasher and thus a high dirt load. Thus, the cleaning program must be provided a correspondingly high amount of detergent.

By contrast, a comparatively high temperature gradient ΔT / Δt is a parameter for a low loading of the dishwasher, so that a correspondingly low amount of dirt load and amount of necessary cleaning agent can be expected.

Such a determination according to the invention of the loading state of a dishwashing machine makes it possible to realize a demand-based, load-dependent metering of cleaning substances without the need for a connection between the metering device and the dishwasher.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first heating period of the dishwasher, in which a first water temperature T1 is less than a subsequently measured water temperature T2, is used to determine the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t. As a result, the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t is determined equal to the beginning of a cleaning program, so that in all subsequent program steps, especially in Hauptreinigungsgang, already a needs-based, the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t aligned metering of cleaning substances can be done. - A -

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the doses to be released V _{dos of} at least one first flowable or spreadable product is discharged into the dishwasher at at least two mutually different times. This has the advantage on the one hand that gelation, which can occur when dosing a comparatively large amount of surfactant-containing cleaning agent, can be avoided by sequential dosing of a plurality of smaller dosing portions.

It is furthermore preferred to realize the release of the metered dose V _dos completely or in portions into the pre-wash cycle, main cleaning cycle, intermediate wash cycle and / or final rinse cycle. Thus, it would be conceivable, for example, to effect a portion-by-portion delivery of the determined metered quantity V _dos into the main cleaning cycle and the rinse cycle through the loading state of the dishwasher determined in the prewash cycle via the temperature gradient.

In order to optimize in particular the portionwise delivery of the metered amount in terms of cleaning performance and economical use of detergents, it is advantageous that the dispensing and metering detects the operating condition or program flow of the dishwasher, in particular without being connected to the dishwasher.

For this purpose, at least one sound pressure sensor can be provided in the dispensing and metering system, which is suitable for detecting sound spectra or sound frequencies in the interior of a washing or dishwashing machine. In particular, the sound pressure sensor may be suitable for detecting sound spectra or sound frequencies emitted by sewage pumps, circulating pumps and / or valves in the interior of a washing machine or dishwashing machine. From the determined sound spectra and frequencies as well as their temporal occurrence can be concluded on the respective operating condition or on the program sequence of the machine. For this purpose, typical spectra, frequencies and their possible sequences are stored in the control unit, which are then compared with the measured values of the sound pressure sensor in order to determine the operating state or the respective program sequence.

It is further preferred that the dispensing and metering system according to the invention is mobile. Movable in the sense of this application means that the dispensing and dosing system is not permanently connected to a device such as a dishwasher, washing machine, laundry dryer or the like, but can be removed, for example, from a dishwasher or positioned in a dishwasher. In the metering device necessary for the operation of the metering energy source, a control unit, a sensor unit and at least actuator and dispenser is integrated. Preferably, the dosing device consists of a splash-proof housing, that the penetration of splashing water, as may occur, for example, when using the dosing device according to the invention in a dishwasher, prevents the interior of the dosing.

In order to ensure operation at elevated temperatures, such as occur, for example, in each washing cycles of a dishwasher, the metering device may be formed from materials that are dimensionally stable up to a temperature of 120 ⁰ C.

Since the preparations to be dosed may have a pH between 2 and 12, depending on the intended use, all components of the dosing device which come into contact with the preparations should have a corresponding acid and / or alkali resistance. Furthermore, these components should be largely chemically inert by a suitable choice of material, for example against nonionic surfactants, enzymes and / or fragrances.

It is particularly advantageous, in particular to shed the energy source, the control unit and the sensor unit in such a way that the metering device is substantially watertight, ie the metering device is able to function even when fully enclosed with liquid. As potting materials, for example, multicomponent epoxy, and acrylate potting compounds such as methacrylate esters, urethane-metha and cyanoacrylates or two-component materials can be used with polyurethanes, silicones, epoxy resins.

An alternative or supplement to encapsulation is the encapsulation of the components in a suitably designed, moisture-proof housing.

sensor

For the purposes of this application, a sensor is a measuring sensor or measuring sensor which can quantitatively record certain physical or chemical properties and / or the material quality of its environment qualitatively or as a measured variable.

The dosing unit has at least one sensor which is suitable for detecting a temperature T. The temperature sensor is designed in particular for detecting a water temperature. In a further development of the invention, the dosing unit has a sensor which can determine physical, chemical and / or mechanical parameters from the surroundings of the dosing unit. The sensor unit may comprise one or more active and / or passive sensors for the qualitative and / or quantitative detection of mechanical, electrical, physical and / or chemical variables, which are passed as control signals to the control unit.

In particular, the sensors of the sensor unit from the group of timers, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, brightness sensors, temperature sensors, motion sensors, strain sensors, speed sensors, proximity sensors, flow sensors, color sensors, gas sensors, vibration sensors, pressure sensors, conductivity sensors, turbidity sensors, Schallwechseleldrucksensoren, "Lab-on-a -Chip "- sensors, force sensors, acceleration sensors, inclination sensors, pH sensors, moisture sensors, magnetic field sensors, RFID sensors, magnetic field sensors, Hall sensors, biochips, odor sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors and / or MEMS sensors be selected.

Particularly in the case of preparations whose viscosity varies greatly depending on the temperature, it is advantageous for volume or mass control of the metered preparations to provide flow sensors in the metering device. Suitable flow sensors can be selected from the group of orifice flow sensors, electromagnetic flowmeters,

Mass flow measurement according to the Coriolis method, vortex meter flow measurement method, ultrasonic flow measurement method, variable area flow measurement, annular piston flow measurement, thermal mass flow measurement or differential pressure flow measurement.

It is also conceivable for a temperature-dependent viscosity curve of at least one preparation to be deposited in the control unit, wherein the dosage is adjusted by the control unit according to the temperature and thus the viscosity of the preparation.

In a further embodiment of the invention, an apparatus for direct determination of the viscosity of the preparation is provided.

The alternatives listed above for determining the metered quantity or the viscosity of a preparation serve to generate a control signal that is processed by the control unit in such a way for controlling a dispenser that essentially a constant metering of a preparation is effected. The data line between the sensor and the control unit can be realized via an electrically conductive cable or wirelessly.

A wirelessly formed data line is formed in particular by the transmission of electromagnetic waves. It is preferable to form a wireless data line according to standardized standards such as Bluetooth, IrDA, IEEE 802, GSM, UMTS, etc.

energy

For the purposes of this application is understood as an energy source, a component of the metering device, which is expedient to provide a self-sufficient operation of the metering suitable energy.

Preferably, the energy source provides electrical energy. The energy source may be, for example, a battery, a power supply, solar cells or the like.

It is particularly advantageous to make the energy source replaceable, for example in the form of a replaceable battery.

However, it is also conceivable to form mechanical energy sources consisting of one or more coil spring, torsion spring or torsion bar spring, spiral spring, air spring / gas spring and / or elastomer spring.

In particular, batteries and accumulators can be provided as the electrical energy source.

For example, a battery may be selected from the group consisting of alkaline manganese batteries, zinc carbon batteries, nickel oxyhydroxide batteries, lithium batteries, lithium iron sulfide batteries, zinc air batteries, zinc chloride batteries, Mercury oxide zinc batteries and / or silver oxide zinc batteries.

Lead accumulators (lead dioxide / lead), nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, lithium-polymer batteries, alkaline-manganese batteries, silver-zinc batteries, nickel Hydrogen batteries, zinc bromine batteries, sodium nickel chloride batteries and / or nickel-iron batteries. The accumulator may in particular be designed in such a way that it is by loading wide up lad bar.

Furthermore, means for energy conversion can be provided in or on the dosing unit, which generate a voltage by means of which the accumulator is charged. For example, these means may be designed as a dynamo, which is driven by the water flows during a rinse cycle in a dishwasher and emits the voltage thus generated to the accumulator.

control unit

A control unit in the sense of this application is a device that is suitable, the

Transporting material, energy and / or information to influence. For this purpose, the control unit influences actuators with the aid of information which it processes in the sense of the control target.

In particular, the control unit may be a programmable microprocessor. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, a plurality of dosing programs are stored on the microprocessor, which can be selected and executed according to the container coupled to the dosing device.

The control unit has, in a preferred embodiment, no connection to the possibly existing control of the household appliance. Accordingly, no information, in particular electrical or electromagnetic signals, is exchanged directly between the control unit and the control of the household appliance.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the control unit is coupled to the existing control of the household appliance. Preferably, this coupling is wireless. For example, it is possible to position a sensor on or in a dishwashing machine, preferably on or at the dosing chamber embedded in the door of the dishwasher, which wirelessly transmits a signal to the dosing unit when the control of the domestic appliance controls the dosing, for example, of a detergent from the dosing unit Dosing or rinse aid causes.

Frequently, such dosing chambers are actuated in dishwashers by magnetic actuators, so that the opening of the dosing chamber is to be detected, for example, by a Hall sensor. The control unit can store several programs for releasing different preparations or releasing products in different applications.

The call of the corresponding program is carried out, can be effected in a preferred embodiment of the invention by appropriate RFID label or molded on the container geometric information carrier. Thus, it is possible, for example, to use the same control unit for a plurality of applications, for example for metering detergent in dishwashers, for dispensing perfumes in room fragrancing, for applying cleaning substances to a toilet bowl, etc.

In a further preferred embodiment, the call of a dosing program by the assignment of a determined temperature gradient can be made to a corresponding metering program.

For dosing preparations which are in particular prone to gelling, the control unit can be configured in such a way that on the one hand the dosing takes place in a sufficiently short time to ensure a good cleaning result and on the other hand the dosing of the preparation does not occur so quickly. This can be realized for example by an interval-like release, wherein the individual dosing intervals are set so that the corresponding metered amount completely dissolve during a cleaning cycle.

dosing

In addition to the dispensing and dosing system according to the invention, the invention further comprises a method for dosing at least one first flowable or spreadable product, in particular for use in the dispensing and dosing system according to the invention.

The dosing process comprises the following steps:

i. Measurement of the temperature T, in particular the water temperature, inside a dishwasher, ii. Measurement of the time t at which one of the measured temperatures T is present iii. Forming a temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t from the recorded temperature and time data, which is suitable, the loading state of a washing or

To represent a dishwasher, iv. Assignment of the temperature gradient ΔT / Δt to a dosing program stored in the control unit (9), v. Generation of a control signal for the release of a metered dose V _dos at least one first flowable or spreadable product (4).

In a preferred embodiment of the metering method, at least one heating-up period in which a first temperature T1 is less than a subsequently measured temperature T2 is used to determine the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t. It is particularly preferred that the first heating-up period, in which a first temperature T1 is less than a subsequently measured temperature T2, be used to determine the temperature gradient ΔT / Δt.

According to a further embodiment, the metering process is carried out in such a way that the metered dose V _dos to be released is discharged into the dishwasher at least for the first flowable or spreadable product at at least two mutually different times.

actuator

For the purposes of this application, an actuator is a device which converts an input variable into a different output quantity and with which an object is moved or whose movement is generated, wherein the actuator is coupled to at least one dispenser such that the release of product from at least indirectly one of the containers can be effected.

The actuator may be driven by drives selected from the group of gravity drives, ion drives, electric drives, motor drives, hydraulic drives, pneumatic drives, gear drives, threaded spindle drives, ball screws, linear drives, roller screws, tooth worm drives, piezoelectric actuators, chain drives, and / or recoil drives.

In particular, the actuator may be formed of an electric motor coupled to a transmission that converts the rotational movement of the motor into a linear motion of a carriage coupled to the transmission. This is particularly advantageous for a slim, plate-shaped design of the dosing unit.

At least one magnet element may be arranged on the actuator such that, with an identically polarized magnet element on a dispenser, a product discharge from the container is effected as soon as the two magnet elements are positioned relative to one another in such a way that a causes magnetic repulsion of the Gleichpoligen magnetic elements and a non-contact release mechanism is realized.

The carriage described at the outset or else the magnetic element for actuating the dispenser is preferably arranged between the container openings in a configuration of the metering element with two containers in the rest or initial position. As a result, the operation of the dispenser can be realized solely by the change of the drive direction.

donor

For the purposes of this application, a dispenser is a component in which the actuator acts and, as a result of this action, causes the opening or the closure of the product discharge opening of the container.

For example, the dispenser may be valves that may be brought into a product dispensing position or closed position by the actuator.

Particularly preferred is the embodiment of the dispenser and the actuator in the form of a solenoid valve, wherein the dispenser are configured by the valve and the actuator by the electromagnetic or piezoelectric drive of the solenoid valve. In particular, when using a plurality of containers and thus to be metered substances, the amount and timing of the dosage can be controlled very accurately by the use of solenoid valves.

It is therefore advantageous to control the delivery of product from each product delivery port of a container to a solenoid valve by the solenoid valve directly or indirectly determining the release of product from the product delivery port.

indicator

An indicator in the sense of this application is an element arranged on the dosing device which is suitable for visually, acoustically and / or haptically indicating the reaching or leaving of certain physical, chemical, electrical or mechanical states in the dosing device or its surroundings to a user.

For example, an indicator in the form of a luminous means, such as an LED, or acoustic signal transmitter can be provided for monitoring the voltage of a battery. Furthermore, it is advantageous to provide an indicator for level monitoring of the container, in particular when the container is opaque.

The dispensing and metering device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in dishwashers. However, it is also conceivable to use the dispensing and dosing unit in any other applications in which a controlled release of active ingredient is desired, such as in washing machines, clothes dryers, fragrance dispensers, toilet cleaning and / or disinfecting devices or the like.

In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing illustrating only embodiments. In this case, particularly preferred embodiments and particularly preferred combinations of features are further described in detail. Show it:

Fig. 1 Schematic block diagram of the dispensing and metering device

Fig. 2 Schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing and metering device

Fig. 3 temperature profile in the interior of an unloaded dishwasher on the

Time Fig. 4 Temperature profile inside a loaded dishwasher over the

Time

REFERENCE CHARACTERS

1 dosing unit

2 control unit

3 containers

4 product

5 discharge opening

6 energy source

7 control element

8 sensor

9 control unit

10 actuator

11 indicator

12 donors

13 inlet opening

14 outlet opening

15 dosing chamber

16 engine

17 gears

18 sleds

19 pistons

20 spring element

21 sealing element

22 sealing element

23 magnetic element

24 magnetic element

25 wall

FIG. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the dosing unit 1. The dosing unit 1 comprises the control unit 2 and a container 3 which can be coupled to the control unit 2. Within the control unit 2 is at least one energy source 6, optionally one or more control elements 7, at least one sensor 8, a control unit 9, an actuator 10, optionally an indicator 11 and a dispenser 12 are arranged.

The control unit 2 is enclosed by a housing, so that the housing interior is protected from the entry of moisture.

The sensor 8 is connected to the control unit 9. It can, depending on the nature of the sensor 8, be fed from the energy source 6 with the energy possibly required to operate the sensor 8. The signals of the sensor 8 are transmitted to the control unit 9.

The control unit 9, which is preferably designed as a programmable microprocessor and may have various retrievable programs forms from the sensor information manipulated variables, which are forwarded to the actuator 10. The control unit 9 is powered by the power source 6, which is a battery or accumulator, with electrical voltage.

The actuator 10 actuated by the control unit 9 converts the control signals of the control unit 9 into a movement which causes actuation of the dispenser 12 to release product from the container 3 or to close the container 3. The eventual necessary energy receives the actuator 10 from the power source. 6

To control the operating state of the control unit 2, the actuator 10 and / or the control unit 9 may be connected to an indicator 11. The indicator 11 indicates operating states of the control unit 2 in a visual acoustic or other perceptible manner.

The control unit 2 can be operated or controlled by one or more control elements 7 by a user. The controls 7 may be formed, for example, program selector switch for selecting a corresponding control program in the control unit 9 or as an on-off switch for the control unit 2.

FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the dosing unit 1 consisting of the container 3 and the control unit 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the container 3 is constructed from two individual containers 3a and 3b. The inner of this container 3b is thereby from the outer container 3a enclosed. In the interior of the container 3b is a product 4b, which has a greater heat sensitivity than the product 4a in the outer container 3a.

With this configuration, the outer container 3a with the preparation 4a stored in the container 3a forms insulation which protects the inner container 3b from thermal influences. On the bottom side, both containers 3a and 3b each have an outlet opening 5a and 5b. By the bottom-side arrangement of the discharge opening 5a and 5b, a gravity-induced release of the products 4a and 4b from the containers 3a and 3b is possible.

The discharge ports 5a and 5b of the container 3 are coupled to the inlet ports 13a and 13b of the controller 2. The discharge opening 5a and 5b and the inlet opening 13a and 13b are configured in such a way that forms a liquid-tight connection between the openings, which prevents unintentional leakage of the products 4a and 4b from the container 3 coupled to the control unit 2.

Furthermore, the dispensing opening and the inlet opening 13 may provide means opening the first time the container 3 in the control unit 2 to the discharge openings 5a and 5b arranged tamper-evident closures (not shown). To secure the container 3 in the control unit 2 can further be formed snap, detent or plug connections.

Within the control unit 2 is a power source 6. The power source 6 may be formed in particular as an electrical energy source, for example as a battery or accumulator. The electrical energy source 6 is connected to the sensor 8, the control unit 9, and the actuator 10 and supplies these components with an electrical voltage. By the control element 7, the voltage supply of the battery can be interrupted to the electrical consumers down.

The sensor 8 is connected to the control unit 9, wherein the control unit 9 is in turn connected to the actuator 10. The actuator 10 in turn is connected to the two dispensers 12a and 12b. As shown in FIG. 2, the dispensers 12a and 12b can be designed as pumping elements, for example in the form of microdosing pumps or solenoid valves.

The product release from the containers 3a, 3b takes place through the dispensers 12a and 12b controlled by the control unit 9. The products 4a and 4b are discharged to the environment in the dispensing position of the dispensers 12a, 12b from the outlet openings 14a and 14b. Fig. 3 shows the temperature profile in the interior of an unloaded dishwasher over time. The temperature profile was recorded with a dishwashing machine of the company Siemens with the type designation SE20T294EU at the end of the program "Fast".

One recognizes the beginning of the main cleaning program at time t1, whose heating phase ends at time t2. It is particularly advantageous to determine the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t between the times t1 and t2. Similarly, a determination is also possible between the times t3 and t4, which limit the heating phase in the intermediate cleaning cycle, as well as between the times t5 and t6, which limit the heating phase in the final rinse cycle.

4 shows the temperature profile in the interior of a dishwasher loaded with 12 place settings over time. The temperature profile was recorded with a dishwashing machine of the company Siemens with the type designation SE20T294EU at the end of the program "Fast".

The heating phases of the respective cleaning cycles are limited analogously to the heating phases known from FIG. 3 by the time intervals t1-t2, t3-t4 and t5-t6.

It can be seen by the formation of the temperature gradient in the intervals t1-t2, t3-t4 and / or t5-t6 and their comparison between the loaded and unloaded state that the temperature gradient in the unloaded state is greater than the temperature gradient in the loaded state, so that the temperature gradient is a suitable parameter in order to be able to conclude on the loading condition of a dishwasher.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment. Further embodiments are possible without departing from the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

claims 1. dispensing and dosing system (1), in particular for washing and cleaning agent-containing preparations comprising D at least one container (3) for receiving at least one first flowable or spreadable product (4), D a with the discharge opening (5) of the container (3) couplable control device (2), which controls a dosage and release of at least the first flowable or spreadable product (4) from the container (3) in the environment comprises o quantitatively acquires at least one sensor (8) of the physical and / or chemical properties and / or the material nature of its environment qualitatively or as a measured variable, o a control unit (9) which converts the signals of the sensor (8) into at least one control signal usable for an actuator (10) by means of at least one control program stored in the control unit (9), o An actuator (10) which converts a control signal of the control unit (9) into a different output with which an object (12, 18, 24) moves or whose movement is generated, wherein the actuator (10) on at least one dispenser (12 ) acts directly or indirectly, o At least one dispenser (12), on which the actuator (10) acts directly or indirectly, as a result of this action, the opening or the closure of the discharge opening (5) of the container (3) is effected o at least one energy source (6) which supplies at least the control unit (9) and the actuator (10) with a suitable form of energy, characterized in that At least one sensor (8) is suitable for detecting a temperature T, The signal generated by the temperature sensor (8) is converted in the control unit (9) to a temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t representing the loading state of a washing machine or dishwasher, and ■ the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t in the control unit (9) is used to determine the doses to be released V _dos at least one first flowable or spreadable product (4). 2. dispensing and dosing system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one heating period in which a first temperature T1 is smaller than a subsequently measured temperature T2, for determining the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t is used. 3. dispensing and metering system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first heating period, in which a first temperature T1 is smaller than a subsequently measured temperature T2, for determining the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / At is used. 4. dispensing and dosing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the doses to be released V _dos at least the first flowable or spreadable product (4) is discharged to at least two mutually different times in the dishwasher 5. dispensing and metering system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the doses to be released dose V _{dos is delivered} completely or in portions in the pre-wash, main cleaning, intermediate rinse and / or rinse. 6. dispensing and metering system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further sensor is selected from the group of timers, temperature sensors, infrared sensors, brightness sensors, temperature sensors, motion sensors, strain sensors, speed sensors, proximity sensors, flow sensors, color sensors, gas sensors, Vibration sensors, pressure sensors, conductivity sensors, turbidity sensors, sound pressure sensors, "lab-on-a-chip" sensors, force sensors, acceleration sensors, inclination sensors, pH sensors, humidity sensors, magnetic field sensors, RFID sensors, magnetic field sensors, Hall sensors, bio-sensors Chips, odor sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors and / or MEMS sensors. 7. dispensing and dosing system according to claim 6, characterized in that at least one sensor is a sound pressure sensor which is suitable to detect sound spectra or sound frequencies inside a washing machine or dishwasher. 8. dispensing and metering system according to claim 7, characterized in that the sound pressure sensor is suitable to detect sewer pumps, circulating pumps and / or valves emitted sound spectra or sound frequencies inside a washing machine or dishwasher. 9. dispensing and metering system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the energy source (6) as an electrical energy source, in particular as a battery or accumulator is formed. 10. dispensing and dosing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit (9) comprises a programmable microprocessor. 11. dispensing and dosing system according to claim 10, characterized in that a plurality of dosing programs are stored on the microprocessor. 12. dispensing and dosing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t is used for selecting a dosing program stored on the microprocessor. 13. Dispensing and dosing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator (10) is designed as an electric motor, in particular as a bidirectionally rotating electric motor. 14. Dispensing and dosing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispenser (12) and the actuator (10) are designed as a solenoid valve. 15. Dispensing and dosing system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispensing and dosing system movable, i. not firmly connected to the washing machine or dishwasher. 16. A method of dosing at least one first flowable product (4), in particular for use in a dispensing and dosing system according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: vi. Measurement of the temperature T, in particular the water temperature, inside a dishwasher, vii. Measurement of the time t at which one of the measured temperature T is present viii. Forming a temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t from the detected temperature and time data, which is suitable to represent the loading state of a washing machine or dishwasher, ix. Assignment of the temperature gradient ΔT / Δt to a dosing program stored in the control unit (9), x. Generation of a control signal for the release of a metered dose V _dos at least one first flowable or spreadable product (4). 17. A method for dosing at least one first flowable or spreadable product according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one heating period in which a first temperature T1 is smaller than a subsequently measured temperature T2, is used to determine the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / .DELTA.t. 18. A method for dosing at least one first flowable or spreadable product according to claim 17, characterized in that the first heating period, in which a first temperature T1 is smaller than a subsequently measured temperature T2, for determining the temperature gradient .DELTA.T / At is used. 19. A method for dosing at least one first flowable or spreadable product according to any one of claims 16-18, characterized in that the doses to be released V _dos at least the first flowable or spreadable product (4) at least two mutually different times in the dishwasher is delivered