WO2009018896A1 - Internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle having a first and second exhaust gas turbocharger - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle having a first and second exhaust gas turbocharger Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009018896A1 WO2009018896A1 PCT/EP2008/005759 EP2008005759W WO2009018896A1 WO 2009018896 A1 WO2009018896 A1 WO 2009018896A1 EP 2008005759 W EP2008005759 W EP 2008005759W WO 2009018896 A1 WO2009018896 A1 WO 2009018896A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- gas turbocharger
- compressor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/013—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/004—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust drives arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/007—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust with exhaust-driven pumps arranged in parallel, e.g. at least one pump supplying alternatively
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
- F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
- F02B37/18—Control of the pumps by bypassing exhaust from the inlet to the outlet of turbine or to the atmosphere
- F02B37/183—Arrangements of bypass valves or actuators therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
- F02M26/02—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines
- F02M26/08—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines for engines having two or more intake charge compressors or exhaust gas turbines, e.g. a turbocharger combined with an additional compressor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline and / or a diesel engine, for a motor vehicle with a first and a second exhaust gas turbocharger specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such an internal combustion engine is for example already known from DE 10 2005 046 507 Al as known and comprises a first and a second exhaust gas turbocharger for pre-compression of a feasible through an intake tract of the internal combustion engine air flow.
- the running gear of the two exhaust gas turbochargers each comprises a compressor in the intake tract and a non-rotatably coupled to the respective compressor exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust gas tract of the internal combustion engine.
- the two exhaust gas turbochargers are connected in series, wherein the first, remote engine exhaust turbocharger is designed as a large-scale low-pressure stage and the second, close to the engine arranged exhaust gas turbocharger as a small-sized high-pressure stage.
- the compressor of the first of the compressor of the second is thus upstream in the intake of the compressor, whereas in the exhaust system, the exhaust gas turbine of the first of the exhaust gas turbine of the second exhaust gas turbocharger is downstream.
- the internal combustion engine additionally comprises an electronic charge pressure control. Object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned, which allows an improved overall efficiency.
- An internal combustion engine which allows an improved overall efficiency, according to the invention created by the fact that a switching device is provided in the intake tract, which between a
- Two-staged mode of operation in which the air flow is serially routable through the compressor of the first and the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger, and a register operating mode in which the air flow in parallel through the compressors of the first and the second exhaust gas turbocharger is to be switched.
- a switching device is provided, by means of which can be switched between serially connected compressors and compressors connected in parallel, so that the charging system of the internal combustion engine can be used either as a two-stage or as a register-charging system. This allows a significant improvement in the overall efficiency and significantly increased variability to increase the engine throughput capability of the two compressors.
- the register operating mode is advantageous, for example, in internal combustion engines designed as gasoline engines, since these enable comparatively high rotational speeds and require correspondingly high throughput spreads, which, however, in the case of one or two-stage supercharging systems only by concessions at the torque maximum of the internal combustion engine possible are.
- a two-stage charge in the two-speed operating mode is still possible, so that correspondingly high specific powers of the internal combustion engine can be achieved on account of the high charge pressures made possible thereby.
- the power supply characteristics of the internal combustion engine are significantly improved due to the optimal adaptability of the operating mode to the respective operating situation.
- the switching device for receiving control signals is coupled to an engine control device of the internal combustion engine and to be switched in dependence on the control signals. This allows an optimally adaptable to the respective operating condition of the internal combustion engine switching the switching device between the Zweistuftechniks- and the register operating mode, taking into account all relevant operating parameters of the internal combustion engine.
- the first exhaust gas turbocharger is designed as a low pressure stage and the second exhaust gas turbocharger as a high pressure stage. This makes it possible to minimize the so-called turbocharger, since the second, smaller exhaust gas turbocharger, due to its lower mass inertia, rotates up quickly and can therefore be used for low rotational speeds of the internal combustion engine.
- first exhaust gas turbocharger From a certain speed is also for the larger-building, first exhaust gas turbocharger enough air mass and pressure available, so that the required for higher speeds high air volume can be provided.
- the two exhaust gas turbochargers can thus be optimally adapted to different engine speed ranges.
- To avoid excessive boost pressures or rotational speeds of the exhaust gas turbocharger it is possible to provide corresponding charge pressure control systems known to the person skilled in the art.
- the exhaust gas turbine of the second exhaust gas turbocharger is arranged upstream of the exhaust gas turbine of the first exhaust gas turbocharger in the exhaust system.
- the exhaust gas under high pressure can be used to drive the smaller exhaust gas turbine of the second exhaust gas turbocharger, so that a spontaneous response of the internal combustion engine is ensured due to the low mass inertia of the power tool.
- a valve device is provided in the exhaust tract, by means of which a respective power consumption of the exhaust gas turbines of the first and second exhaust gas turbocharger is to be adjusted continuously. Since in the two-stage operating mode the narrowest cross-section of the compressors connected in series, but in the register operating mode the sum of the narrowest Cross sections of both compressors the maximum
- the switching device comprises a rotary slide device.
- Rotary slide devices represent a structurally simple and robust adjustment and offer various advantages such as small footprint, rapid closing and switching ability, low flow losses and a simple design as a multi-way cock.
- the rotary slide device via a first, the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger bridging line to the intake, via a second line to the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger, via a third line to the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger and a fourth, the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger bridging line is coupled to the intake manifold.
- the first line comprises a check valve by means of which a passage of the air flow through the first line against a predetermined flow direction of the intake tract is impossible.
- This check valve thus provides a structurally simple way to maintain the predetermined flow direction of an air filter to the engine.
- it can be ensured by means of the check valve that the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger is switched on only after reaching an operating state in which he the pressure level of the compressor of the first turbocharger can be supported automatically.
- the second line comprises a charge air cooler, by means of which a temperature of the pre-compressed by means of the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger air flow is to be lowered.
- Two-stage operation mode to be cooled before it is further pre-compressed by the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger.
- the resulting increased air mass allows the injection of a correspondingly larger amount of fuel in the internal combustion engine, whereby their performance is increased accordingly.
- the two exhaust gas turbochargers downstream intercooler may be provided in order to cool the compressed air from the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger advantageous.
- the first and the third line and the second and the fourth line are coupled together. This allows in combination with a
- Rotary shifter means a simultaneous opening and closing of the various lines, so that very fast switching times are ensured when switching between the Zweistuftechniksund the register operating mode.
- the rotary slide valve comprises three concentrically mounted rotary valve units, wherein by means of the first rotary valve unit, the second and third line, by means of the second rotary valve unit, the first and third line and by means of the third rotary valve unit, the second and the fourth Line can be coupled together. Due to the concentric mounting of the rotary valve units, the switching between the two-stage and the register operating mode can be performed by simply rotating the bearing axis.
- first rotary valve unit as a 180 ° valve and / or the second rotary valve unit is designed as a 90 ° valve and / or the third rotary valve unit is designed as a 90 ° valve or are.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a
- Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional side view of a rotary slide device of the SehaltVoroplasty shown in Figure 1;
- Fig. 3a is a schematic plan view of a first
- Rotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the sectional plane A-A shown in Figure 2, wherein the switching device is switched to a two-speed operation mode.
- Fig. 3b is a schematic plan view of a second
- Fig. 3c is a schematic plan view of a third
- Fig. 4a is a schematic plan view of the first
- Fig. 4b is a schematic plan view of the second
- Fig. 4c is a schematic plan view of the third
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a trained as Ottooder diesel engine internal combustion engine 10 for a motor vehicle - a commercial vehicle or a passenger car - with a first exhaust gas turbocharger 12 a and a second exhaust gas turbocharger 12 b for precompressing a feasible through an intake tract 14 of the internal combustion engine 10 air flow
- the first and the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, 12b each one Compressor 16a, 16b in the intake manifold 14 and a rotatably coupled to the respective compressor 16a, 16b exhaust gas turbine 18a, 18b in an exhaust tract 20 of the internal combustion engine 10 include.
- the compressors 16a, 16 are rotatably connected via respective shafts 22a, 22b with their associated exhaust gas turbines 18a, 18b and thus form the running gear of the exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, 12b.
- the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a is designed as a large-build low-pressure stage
- the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b is designed as a small-sized high-pressure stage.
- the exhaust tract 20 the exhaust gas coming from the internal combustion engine 10 thus first flows through the exhaust gas turbine 18b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b, is supplied to the exhaust gas turbine 18a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a after leaving the reduced pressure and drives it with the remaining energy potential. After complete expansion, the exhaust gas is finally discharged via an exhaust gas purification system 24.
- a bypass line 19 is provided, by means of which the air flow to the exhaust gas turbine 18b is to be passed to the exhaust gas turbine 18a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a.
- a switching device 26 is provided between the first and the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12 a, 12 b, which is arranged between a
- Two-speed operation mode and a register operating mode is to be switched and their structure and operation will be explained in more detail below.
- the air flow is first routed serially through the compressor 16a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a and then through the compressor 16b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b.
- register operation mode the air flow, however, in parallel through the compressor 16a, 16b of the first and second exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, 12b out.
- the switching device 26 is coupled to a motor control device 28 and is switched by the latter via corresponding control signals S between the two-state and the register operating mode.
- a check valve 30 of an exhaust gas recirculation device 32 can also be controlled in the present exemplary embodiment and engine operating points M of the internal combustion engine 10 and a boost pressure p in the intake tract 14 located downstream of the compressors 16a, 16b can be determined.
- the construction, the mode of operation and the achievable advantages of the valve device 34 can be found in DE 10 2005 046 507 A1, the disclosure of which is considered to be taken along.
- the switching device 26 comprises a rotary slide device 36, which is coupled via a first, the compressor 16a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a bridging line 38a with the intake manifold 14 upstream of the compressor 16a. Furthermore, the rotary slide device 36 via a second line 38b to the compressor 16a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, via a third line 38c to the compressor 16b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b and via a fourth, the compressor 16b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b bridging line 38d with the intake 14 downstream of the compressors 16a, 16b coupled.
- the first conduit 38a comprises a check valve 40, by means of which a passage of the air flow through the first conduit 38a against the predetermined direction of flow to the internal combustion engine 10 is impossible to.
- the check valve 40 also opens when switching the switching device 26 only when the compressor 16b has reached an operating state in which it can support the pressure level of the compressor 16a automatically or as soon as a flow of the compressor 16b adjusts to a pressure state in which the Pressure within line 38e exiting compressor 16b is equal to the pressure within line 38d.
- the second line 38b in turn comprises a first intercooler 42a, by means of which a temperature of the pre-compressed by means of the compressor 16a air flow is to be lowered independently of the respective operating mode of the switching device 26. Downstream is located in the intake 14 a larger-sized, second intercooler 42 b, by means of which both the pre-compressed air flow of the compressor 16 a and 16 b of the compressor to be cooled.
- a third charge air cooler 42 c is located within the exhaust gas recirculation device 32 and cools the hot exhaust gas from the exhaust tract 20.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic side sectional view of the rotary slide device 36 of the switching device 26 shown in FIG. 1, which comprises three concentrically mounted rotary valve units 44a-c which can be rotated about a common axis of rotation II.
- the first rotary valve unit 44a by means of the first rotary valve unit 44a, the second and the third line 38b, 38c, by means of the second rotary valve unit 44b the first and third line 38a, 38c and by means of the third rotary valve unit 44c, the second and the fourth line 38b, 38d coupled to each other.
- the three rotary valve units 44a-c are assigned by means of Piston rings 46 sealed against each other. It should be emphasized that, in practice, the dimensions of the individual rotary valve units 44a-c for realizing optimum flow ranges may differ significantly from one another.
- FIG. 3a to 3c which are explained in conjunction, respectively show schematic plan views of the rotary valve units 44a-c of the rotary slide device 36 along the respective, shown in Fig. 2 sectional planes A- A, BB and CC wherein the switching device 26 and the rotary slide device 36 present in the
- the first rotary valve unit 44a is designed as a 180 ° valve
- the second and third rotary valve units 44b, 44c are each designed as 90 ° valves.
- the air is supplied via the first compressor 16a through the second line 38b to the first charge air cooler 42a and cooled there.
- the air is passed serially through the first rotary valve unit 44a into the third passage 38c, the second compressor 16b and via the passage 38e to the second charge air cooler 42b and finally into the engine 10.
- An air passage through the first line 38 a against the flow direction is made impossible via the check valve 40.
- FIGS. 4 a to 4 c which are also explained in conjunction, respectively show schematic plan views of the rotary valve units 44 a - c of the rotary slide device 36 along the respective sectional planes A-A, BB and CC shown in FIG.
- the switching device 26 or the rotary slide device 36 is switched to the register operating mode by jointly rotating the rotary valve units 44 a - c about the axis of rotation II.
- the passage from the second to the third line 38b, 38c is blocked by means of the first rotary valve unit 44a.
- first and third lines 38a, 38c and the second and fourth lines 38b, 38d are coupled together by means of the rotary valve units 44b, 44c.
- the air is guided via the first compressor 16a and the second line 38b through the second rotary valve unit 44b into the fourth line 38d.
- the air is additionally fed via the first line 38a directly through the third rotary valve unit 44c and without flow of the first compressor 16a to the second compressor 16b, which thus sucks at the same inlet pressure level as the first compressor 16a.
- the compressed air is then passed to the second intercooler 42b, wherein the line 38e and the fourth line 38d with the air compressed by the first compressor 16a previously reunite.
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Abstract
Description
Brennkraftmaschine für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem ersten und einem zweiten AbgasturboladerInternal combustion engine for a motor vehicle with a first and a second exhaust gas turbocharger
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einen Otto- und/oder einen Dieselmotor, für ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Abgasturbolader der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline and / or a diesel engine, for a motor vehicle with a first and a second exhaust gas turbocharger specified in the preamble of claim 1. Art.
Eine derartige Brennkraftmaschine ist dabei beispielsweise bereits aus der DE 10 2005 046 507 Al als bekannt zu entnehmen und umfasst einen ersten und einen zweiten Abgasturbolader zum Vorverdichten eines durch einen Ansaugtrakt der Brennkraftmaschine führbaren Luftstroms. Das Laufzeug der beiden Abgasturbolader umfasst jeweils einen Verdichter im Ansaugtrakt sowie eine drehfest mit dem jeweiligen Verdichter gekoppelte Abgasturbine in einem Abgastrakt der Brennkraftmaschine. Die beiden Abgasturbolader sind in Reihe geschaltet, wobei der erste, motorfern angeordnete Abgasturbolader als groß bauende Niederdruckstufe und der zweite, motornah angeordnete Abgasturbolader als klein bauende Hochdruckstufe ausgebildet ist. In Strömungsrichtung gesehen ist damit im Ansaugtrakt der Verdichter des ersten dem Verdichter des zweiten vorgelagert, wohingegen im Abgastrakt die Abgasturbine des ersten der Abgasturbine des zweiten Abgasturboladers nachgelagert ist. Zur Begrenzung des Ladedrucks umfasst die Brennkraftmaschine zusätzlich eine elektronische Ladedruckregelung. Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Brennkraftmaschine der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, welche einen verbesserten Gesamtwirkungsgrad ermöglicht.Such an internal combustion engine is for example already known from DE 10 2005 046 507 Al as known and comprises a first and a second exhaust gas turbocharger for pre-compression of a feasible through an intake tract of the internal combustion engine air flow. The running gear of the two exhaust gas turbochargers each comprises a compressor in the intake tract and a non-rotatably coupled to the respective compressor exhaust gas turbine in an exhaust gas tract of the internal combustion engine. The two exhaust gas turbochargers are connected in series, wherein the first, remote engine exhaust turbocharger is designed as a large-scale low-pressure stage and the second, close to the engine arranged exhaust gas turbocharger as a small-sized high-pressure stage. Seen in the flow direction, the compressor of the first of the compressor of the second is thus upstream in the intake of the compressor, whereas in the exhaust system, the exhaust gas turbine of the first of the exhaust gas turbine of the second exhaust gas turbocharger is downstream. To limit the boost pressure, the internal combustion engine additionally comprises an electronic charge pressure control. Object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine of the type mentioned, which allows an improved overall efficiency.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Brennkraftmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen mit zweckmäßigen und nicht-trivialen Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.The object is achieved by an internal combustion engine with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments with expedient and non-trivial developments are specified in the subclaims.
Eine Brennkraftmaschine, welche einen verbesserten Gesamtwirkungsgrad ermöglicht, ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch geschaffen, dass im Ansaugtrakt eine Schaltvorrichtung vorgesehen ist, welche zwischen einemAn internal combustion engine, which allows an improved overall efficiency, according to the invention created by the fact that a switching device is provided in the intake tract, which between a
Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus, in welchem der Luftstrom seriell durch den Verdichter des ersten und den Verdichter des zweiten Abgasturboladers führbar ist, und einem Registerbetriebsmodus, in welchem der Luftstrom parallel durch die Verdichter des ersten und des zweiten Abgasturboladers führbar ist, zu schalten ist. Mit anderen Worten ist eine Schaltvorrichtung vorgesehen, mittels welcher zwischen seriell geschalteten Verdichtern und parallel geschalteten Verdichtern umgeschaltet werden kann, so dass das Aufladesystem der Brennkraftmaschine wahlweise als zweistufiges oder als Register-Aufladesystem genutzt werden kann. Dies ermöglicht eine signifikante Verbesserung des Gesamtwirkungsgrads sowie eine deutlich erhöhte Variabilität zur Steigerung der Motordurchsatzfähigkeit der beiden Verdichter. Der Registerbetriebsmodus ist beispielsweise bei als Ottomotor ausgebildeten Brennkraftmaschinen von Vorteil, da diese vergleichsweise hohe Drehzahlen ermöglichen und entsprechend hohe Durchsatzspreizungen erfordern, welche jedoch bei ein- oder zweistufigen Aufladesystemen nur durch Zugeständnisse beim Momentenmaximum der Brennkraftmaschine möglich sind. Umgekehrt ist im Bereich eines Momentenmaximums der Brennkraftmaschine weiterhin eine zweistufige Aufladung im Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus möglich, so dass aufgrund der dadurch ermöglichten hohen Ladedrücke entsprechend hohe spezifische Leistungen der Brennkraftmaschine erzielbar sind. Dies führt aufgrund des verbesserten Gesamtwirkungsgrads zu entsprechenden Senkungen des Kraftstoffverbrauchs sowie der Abgasemissionen der Brennkraftmaschine. Zudem werden die Leistungsbereitstellungseigenschaften der Brennkraftmaschine aufgrund der optimalen Anpassbarkeit des Betriebsmodus an die jeweilige Betriebssituation erheblich verbessert. Die mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Schaltvorrichtung erhöhte Variabilität der Motordurchsatzfähigkeit ermöglicht die genannten Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Gesamtwirkungsgrad, Kraftstoffverbrauch, Abgasemissionswerten und Ansprechverhalten bzw. Leistungsbereitstellung jedoch ebenso bei als Dieselmotor ausgebildeten Brennkraftmaschinen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich ist aufgrund der Effizienzsteigerung ein sogenanntes "Downsizing" der Brennkraftmaschine möglich, welche mit anderen Worten kleiner und leichter ausgebildet werden kann.Two-staged mode of operation in which the air flow is serially routable through the compressor of the first and the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger, and a register operating mode in which the air flow in parallel through the compressors of the first and the second exhaust gas turbocharger is to be switched. In other words, a switching device is provided, by means of which can be switched between serially connected compressors and compressors connected in parallel, so that the charging system of the internal combustion engine can be used either as a two-stage or as a register-charging system. This allows a significant improvement in the overall efficiency and significantly increased variability to increase the engine throughput capability of the two compressors. The register operating mode is advantageous, for example, in internal combustion engines designed as gasoline engines, since these enable comparatively high rotational speeds and require correspondingly high throughput spreads, which, however, in the case of one or two-stage supercharging systems only by concessions at the torque maximum of the internal combustion engine possible are. Conversely, in the region of a torque maximum of the internal combustion engine, a two-stage charge in the two-speed operating mode is still possible, so that correspondingly high specific powers of the internal combustion engine can be achieved on account of the high charge pressures made possible thereby. This leads due to the improved overall efficiency to corresponding reductions in fuel consumption and the exhaust emissions of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the power supply characteristics of the internal combustion engine are significantly improved due to the optimal adaptability of the operating mode to the respective operating situation. However, the variability of the engine throughput capability which is increased by means of the shifting device according to the invention makes it possible for the aforementioned improvements in terms of overall efficiency, fuel consumption, exhaust emission values and response or power supply to also be provided with internal combustion engines designed as a diesel engine. Alternatively or additionally, due to the increase in efficiency, a so-called "downsizing" of the internal combustion engine is possible, which in other words can be made smaller and lighter.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Schaltvorrichtung zum Empfangen von Steuersignalen mit einer Motorsteuerungseinrichtung der Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelt und in Abhängigkeit der Steuersignale zu schalten ist. Dies erlaubt ein optimal an den jeweiligen Betriebszustand der Brennkraftmaschine anpassbares Schalten der Schaltvorrichtung zwischen dem Zweistufigkeits- und dem Registerbetriebsmodus unter Berücksichtigung aller relevanten Betriebsparameterwerte der Brennkraftmaschine . In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der erste Abgasturbolader als Niederdruckstufe und der zweite Abgasturbolader als Hochdruckstufe ausgebildet ist. Dies ermöglicht eine Minimierung des sog. Turbolochs, da der zweite, kleiner bauende Abgasturbolader aufgrund seiner geringeren Massenträgheit schnell hochdreht und daher für niedrige Drehzahlen der Brennkraftmaschine verwendet werden kann. Ab einer bestimmten Drehzahl steht auch für den größer bauenden, ersten Abgasturbolader genügend Luftmasse und Druck zur Verfügung, so dass das für höhere Drehzahlen benötigte hohe Luftvolumen bereitgestellt werden kann. Die beiden Abgasturbolader können somit optimal auf unterschiedliche Drehzahlbereiche der Brennkraftmaschine abgestimmt werden. Zur Vermeidung von zu hohen Ladedrücken oder Drehzahlen der Abgasturbolader können entsprechende, dem Fachmann geläufige Ladedruckregelsysteme vorgesehen sein.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the switching device for receiving control signals is coupled to an engine control device of the internal combustion engine and to be switched in dependence on the control signals. This allows an optimally adaptable to the respective operating condition of the internal combustion engine switching the switching device between the Zweistufigkeits- and the register operating mode, taking into account all relevant operating parameters of the internal combustion engine. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first exhaust gas turbocharger is designed as a low pressure stage and the second exhaust gas turbocharger as a high pressure stage. This makes it possible to minimize the so-called turbocharger, since the second, smaller exhaust gas turbocharger, due to its lower mass inertia, rotates up quickly and can therefore be used for low rotational speeds of the internal combustion engine. From a certain speed is also for the larger-building, first exhaust gas turbocharger enough air mass and pressure available, so that the required for higher speeds high air volume can be provided. The two exhaust gas turbochargers can thus be optimally adapted to different engine speed ranges. To avoid excessive boost pressures or rotational speeds of the exhaust gas turbocharger, it is possible to provide corresponding charge pressure control systems known to the person skilled in the art.
Dabei hat es sich als vorteilhaft gezeigt, dass im Abgastrakt die Abgasturbine des zweiten Abgasturboladers stromauf der Abgasturbine des ersten Abgasturbolader angeordnet ist. Dadurch kann das unter hohem Druck stehende Abgas zum Antrieb der kleiner bauenden Abgasturbine des zweiten Abgasturboladers verwendet werden, so dass aufgrund der geringen Massenträgheit des Laufzeugs ein spontanes Ansprechverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine sichergestellt wird.It has proven to be advantageous that the exhaust gas turbine of the second exhaust gas turbocharger is arranged upstream of the exhaust gas turbine of the first exhaust gas turbocharger in the exhaust system. As a result, the exhaust gas under high pressure can be used to drive the smaller exhaust gas turbine of the second exhaust gas turbocharger, so that a spontaneous response of the internal combustion engine is ensured due to the low mass inertia of the power tool.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist im Abgastrakt eine Ventileinrichtung vorgesehen, mittels welcher eine jeweilige Leistungsaufnahme der Abgasturbinen des ersten und des zweiten Abgasturboladers stufenlos einzustellen ist. Da im Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus der engste Querschnitt der hintereinandergeschalteten Verdichter, im Registerbetriebsmodus jedoch die Summe der engsten Querschnitte beider Verdichter die maximaleIn a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, a valve device is provided in the exhaust tract, by means of which a respective power consumption of the exhaust gas turbines of the first and second exhaust gas turbocharger is to be adjusted continuously. Since in the two-stage operating mode the narrowest cross-section of the compressors connected in series, but in the register operating mode the sum of the narrowest Cross sections of both compressors the maximum
Durchsatzfähigkeit bestimmt, wird mit Hilfe einer derartigen Ventileinrichtung insbesondere beim Umschalten zwischen dem Zweistufigkeits- und dem Registerbetriebsmodus sichergestellt, dass die beiden mit den Abgasturbinen gekoppelten Verdichter mit dem jeweils erforderlichen Druckniveau betrieben werden. Eine derartige Ventileinrichtung sowie ihre vorteilhafte Anordnung im Bereich der Abgasturbine des ersten Abgasturboladers ist bereits in der DE 10 2005 046 507 Al beschrieben, deren Inhalt explizit als mitumfasst zu betrachten ist. Die Dosierung der Leistungsaufnahme der beiden Verdichter kann somit über die jeweiligen Abgasturbinen mit einer Anordnung eines Drallventils an der Abgasturbine des ersten Abgasturboladers erfolgen, welche vorteilhafterweise für eine Druckgefälleaufteilung der beiden Abgasturbinen entsprechend dem Registerbetriebsmodus einzustellen ist. Das variable Drallventil erlaubt hierbei die stufenlose Aufteilung des Gesamtdruckgefälles in Abhängigkeit des jeweiligen Betriebsmodus der Schaltvorrichtung.Throughput determined, is ensured by means of such a valve device, in particular when switching between the Zweistufigkeits- and the register operating mode that the two coupled to the exhaust gas turbine compressors are operated at the respectively required pressure level. Such a valve device and its advantageous arrangement in the region of the exhaust gas turbine of the first exhaust gas turbocharger is already described in DE 10 2005 046 507 A1, the content of which is explicitly considered to be included. The metering of the power consumption of the two compressors can thus take place via the respective exhaust gas turbines with an arrangement of a swirl valve on the exhaust gas turbine of the first exhaust gas turbocharger, which is advantageously set for a pressure gradient distribution of the two exhaust gas turbines in accordance with the register operating mode. The variable swirl valve allows the stepless distribution of the total pressure gradient as a function of the respective operating mode of the switching device.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Schaltvorrichtung eine Drehschiebereinrichtung umfasst. Drehschiebereinrichtungen stellen eine konstruktiv einfache und robuste Verstelleinheit dar und bieten verschiedene Vorteile wie geringer Platzbedarf, rasche Schließ- und Umschaltmöglichkeit, geringe Strömungsverluste sowie eine einfache Ausbildung als Mehrwegehahn .In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the switching device comprises a rotary slide device. Rotary slide devices represent a structurally simple and robust adjustment and offer various advantages such as small footprint, rapid closing and switching ability, low flow losses and a simple design as a multi-way cock.
Dabei hat es sich weiterhin als vorteilhaft gezeigt, dass die Drehschiebereinrichtung über eine erste, den Verdichter des ersten Abgasturboladers überbrückende Leitung mit dem Ansaugtrakt, über eine zweite Leitung mit dem Verdichter des ersten Abgasturboladers, über eine dritte Leitung mit dem Verdichter des zweiten Abgasturboladers und über eine vierte, den Verdichter des zweiten Abgasturboladers überbrückende Leitung mit dem Ansaugtrakt gekoppelt ist. Dies ermöglicht eine konstruktiv einfache und bauraumsparende Ausgestaltung der Schaltvorrichtung und eine entsprechend einfaches und schnelles Umschalten zwischen dem Zweistufigkeits- und dem Registerbetriebsmodus .It has also been found to be advantageous that the rotary slide device via a first, the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger bridging line to the intake, via a second line to the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger, via a third line to the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger and a fourth, the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger bridging line is coupled to the intake manifold. This allows a structurally simple and space-saving design of the switching device and a correspondingly simple and fast switching between the Zweistufigkeits- and the register operating mode.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die erste Leitung ein Rückschlagventil umfasst, mittels welchem ein Durchgang des Luftstroms durch die erste Leitung entgegen einer vorgegebenen Strömungsrichtung des Ansaugtrakts zu verunmöglichen ist. Dieses Rückschlagventil stellt somit eine konstruktiv einfache Möglichkeit zur Aufrechterhaltung der vorgegebenen Strömungsrichtung von einem Luftfilter zur Brennkraftmaschine dar. Zudem kann mit Hilfe des Rückschlagventils sichergestellt werden, dass der Verdichter des zweiten Abgasturboladers erst nach Erreichen eines Betriebszustands zugeschaltet wird, in welchem er das Druckniveau des Verdichters des ersten Turboladers selbsttätig abstützen kann.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first line comprises a check valve by means of which a passage of the air flow through the first line against a predetermined flow direction of the intake tract is impossible. This check valve thus provides a structurally simple way to maintain the predetermined flow direction of an air filter to the engine. In addition, it can be ensured by means of the check valve that the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger is switched on only after reaching an operating state in which he the pressure level of the compressor of the first turbocharger can be supported automatically.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die zweite Leitung einen Ladeluftkühler umfasst, mittels welchem eine Temperatur des mittels des Verdichters des ersten Abgasturboladers vorverdichteten Luftstroms zu senken ist. Dadurch kann die vom Verdichter des ersten Abgasturboladers erhitzte Luft imIn a further advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the second line comprises a charge air cooler, by means of which a temperature of the pre-compressed by means of the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger air flow is to be lowered. As a result, the air heated by the compressor of the first exhaust gas turbocharger in
Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus abgekühlt werden, bevor sie durch den Verdichter des zweiten Abgasturboladers weiter vorverdichtet wird. Die dadurch erhöhte Luftmasse ermöglicht das Einspritzen einer entsprechend größeren Kraftstoffmenge in der Brennkraftmaschine, wodurch deren Leistung entsprechend gesteigert wird. Entsprechendes gilt auch für den Registerbetriebsmodus, wobei hier ein oder mehrere zusätzliche, den beiden Abgasturboladern nachgeschaltete Ladeluftkühler vorgesehen sein können, um auch die vom Verdichter des zweiten Abgasturboladers verdichtete Luft vorteilhaft abkühlen zu können.Two-stage operation mode to be cooled before it is further pre-compressed by the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger. The resulting increased air mass allows the injection of a correspondingly larger amount of fuel in the internal combustion engine, whereby their performance is increased accordingly. The same applies to the register operating mode, wherein here one or more additional, the two exhaust gas turbochargers downstream intercooler may be provided in order to cool the compressed air from the compressor of the second exhaust gas turbocharger advantageous.
Ein weiterer Vorteil ergibt sich daraus, dass mittels der Drehschiebereinrichtung im Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus nur die zweite und die dritte Leitung bzw. imA further advantage results from the fact that only the second and the third line or in the. By means of the rotary slide device in the two-stage operating mode
Registerbetriebsmodus die erste und die dritte Leitung sowie die zweite und die vierte Leitung miteinander gekoppelt sind. Dies ermöglicht in Kombination mit einerRegister mode of operation, the first and the third line and the second and the fourth line are coupled together. This allows in combination with a
Drehschiebereinrichtung ein simultanes Öffnen und Schließen der verschiedenen Leitungen, so dass sehr schnelle Schaltzeiten beim Umschalten zwischen dem Zweistufigkeitsund dem Registerbetriebsmodus sichergestellt sind.Rotary shifter means a simultaneous opening and closing of the various lines, so that very fast switching times are ensured when switching between the Zweistufigkeitsund the register operating mode.
Dabei hat es sich weiterhin als vorteilhaft gezeigt, dass die Drehschiebereinrichtung drei konzentrisch gelagerte Drehventileinheiten umfasst, wobei mittels der ersten Drehventileinheit die zweite und die dritte Leitung, mittels der zweiten Drehventileinheit die erste und die dritte Leitung und mittels der dritten Drehventileinheit die zweite und die vierte Leitung miteinander koppelbar sind. Durch die konzentrische Lagerung der Drehventileinheiten kann das Umschalten zwischen dem Zweistufigkeits- und dem Registerbetriebsmodus durch einfaches Verdrehen der Lagerachse durchgeführt werden.It has also been found to be advantageous that the rotary slide valve comprises three concentrically mounted rotary valve units, wherein by means of the first rotary valve unit, the second and third line, by means of the second rotary valve unit, the first and third line and by means of the third rotary valve unit, the second and the fourth Line can be coupled together. Due to the concentric mounting of the rotary valve units, the switching between the two-stage and the register operating mode can be performed by simply rotating the bearing axis.
Dabei wird in weiterer Ausgestaltung eine besonders bauraumsparende Anordnung der Leitungen dadurch ermöglicht, dass die erste Drehventileinheit als 180°-Ventil und/oder die zweite Drehventileinheit als 90°-Ventil und/oder die dritte Drehventileinheit als 90°-Ventil ausgebildet ist bzw. sind.In this case, in a further embodiment, a particularly space-saving arrangement of the lines is made possible by the fact that the first rotary valve unit as a 180 ° valve and / or the second rotary valve unit is designed as a 90 ° valve and / or the third rotary valve unit is designed as a 90 ° valve or are.
Um eine zuverlässige Abdichtung der Strömungsbereiche innerhalb der einzelnen Leitungen sicherzustellen, hat es sich in weiterer Ausgestaltung als vorteilhaft gezeigt, dass die drei Drehventileinheiten insbesondere mittels zugeordneter Kolbenringe gegeneinander abgedichtet sind.In order to ensure a reliable sealing of the flow areas within the individual lines, it has proved to be advantageous in a further embodiment that the three rotary valve units are sealed against one another, in particular by means of associated piston rings.
Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten ergeben sich anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung einesFurther advantages, features and details will become apparent from the following description of a
Ausführungsbeispiels sowie anhand der Zeichnungen, in welchen gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente mit identischen Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Dabei zeigen:Embodiment and with reference to the drawings, in which the same or functionally identical elements are provided with identical reference numerals. Showing:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einerFig. 1 is a schematic representation of a
Brennkraftmaschine mit zwei Abgasturboladern und einer Schaltvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;Internal combustion engine with two exhaust gas turbochargers and a switching device according to one embodiment;
Fig. 2 eine schematische seitliche Schnittansicht einer Drehschiebereinrichtung der in Fig. 1 gezeigten SehaltVorrichtung;Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional side view of a rotary slide device of the SehaltVorrichtung shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3a eine schematische Aufsicht einer erstenFig. 3a is a schematic plan view of a first
Drehventileinheit der Drehschiebereinrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebene A-A, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in einen Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist;Rotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the sectional plane A-A shown in Figure 2, wherein the switching device is switched to a two-speed operation mode.
Fig. 3b eine schematische Aufsicht einer zweitenFig. 3b is a schematic plan view of a second
Drehventileinheit der Drehschiebereinrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebene B-B, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in denRotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the sectional plane BB shown in Fig. 2, wherein the switching device in the
Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist;Two-step mode of operation is switched;
Fig. 3c eine schematische Aufsicht einer drittenFig. 3c is a schematic plan view of a third
Drehventileinheit der Drehschiebereinrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebene C-C, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in den Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist;Rotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the sectional plane shown in Figure 2 C-C, wherein the switching device is switched to the two-speed mode of operation;
Fig. 4a eine schematische Aufsicht der erstenFig. 4a is a schematic plan view of the first
Drehventileinheit der Drehschiebereinrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebene A-A, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in einen Registerbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist;Rotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the sectional plane A-A shown in Figure 2, wherein the switching device is switched to a register operating mode.
Fig. 4b eine schematische Aufsicht der zweitenFig. 4b is a schematic plan view of the second
Drehventileinheit der Drehschiebereinrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebene B-B, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in den Registerbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist; undRotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the sectional plane B-B shown in Figure 2, wherein the switching device is switched to the register operating mode. and
Fig. 4c eine schematische Aufsicht der drittenFig. 4c is a schematic plan view of the third
Drehventileinheit der Drehschiebereinrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebene C-C, wobei die Schaltvorrichtung in den Registerbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist.Rotary valve unit of the rotary valve device along the cutting plane C-C shown in Fig. 2, wherein the switching device is switched to the register operating mode.
Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer als Ottooder Dieselmotor ausgebildeten Brennkraftmaschine 10 für ein Kraftfahrzeug - ein NFZ oder ein PKW - mit einem ersten Abgasturbolader 12a und einem zweiten Abgasturbolader 12b zum Vorverdichten eines durch einen Ansaugtrakt 14 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 führbaren Luftstroms, wobei der erste und der zweite Abgasturbolader 12a, 12b jeweils einen Verdichter 16a, 16b im Ansaugtrakt 14 sowie eine drehfest mit dem jeweiligen Verdichter 16a, 16b gekoppelte Abgasturbine 18a, 18b in einem Abgastrakt 20 der Brennkraftmaschine 10 umfassen. Die Verdichter 16a, 16 sind dabei drehfest über jeweilige Wellen 22a, 22b mit ihren zugeordneten Abgasturbinen 18a, 18b verbunden und bilden somit das Laufzeug der Abgasturbolader 12a, 12b. Dabei ist der erste Abgasturbolader 12a als groß bauende Niederdruckstufe ausgebildet, wohingegen der zweite Abgasturbolader 12b als klein bauende Hochdruckstufe ausgebildet ist. Im Abgastrakt 20 strömt damit das von der Brennkraftmaschine 10 kommende Abgas zunächst durch die motornahe Abgasturbine 18b des zweiten Abgasturboladers 12b, wird nach dem Verlassen mit verringertem Druck der Abgasturbine 18a des ersten Abgasturboladers 12a zugeführt und treibt diese mit dem verbliebenen Energiepotenzial an. Nach dem vollständigen Entspannen wird das Abgas schließlich über ein Abgasreinigungssystem 24 ausgeleitet. Zum Überbrücken der Abgasturbine 18b des zweiten Abgasturboladers 12b insbesondere bei hohen Drehzahlen ist eine Bypassleitung 19 vorgesehen, mittels welcher der Luftstrom an der Abgasturbine 18b vorbei zur Abgasturbine 18a des ersten Abgasturboladers 12a zu leiten ist.1 shows a schematic representation of a trained as Ottooder diesel engine internal combustion engine 10 for a motor vehicle - a commercial vehicle or a passenger car - with a first exhaust gas turbocharger 12 a and a second exhaust gas turbocharger 12 b for precompressing a feasible through an intake tract 14 of the internal combustion engine 10 air flow, the first and the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, 12b each one Compressor 16a, 16b in the intake manifold 14 and a rotatably coupled to the respective compressor 16a, 16b exhaust gas turbine 18a, 18b in an exhaust tract 20 of the internal combustion engine 10 include. The compressors 16a, 16 are rotatably connected via respective shafts 22a, 22b with their associated exhaust gas turbines 18a, 18b and thus form the running gear of the exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, 12b. In this case, the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a is designed as a large-build low-pressure stage, whereas the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b is designed as a small-sized high-pressure stage. In the exhaust tract 20, the exhaust gas coming from the internal combustion engine 10 thus first flows through the exhaust gas turbine 18b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b, is supplied to the exhaust gas turbine 18a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a after leaving the reduced pressure and drives it with the remaining energy potential. After complete expansion, the exhaust gas is finally discharged via an exhaust gas purification system 24. For bridging the exhaust gas turbine 18b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b, in particular at high rotational speeds, a bypass line 19 is provided, by means of which the air flow to the exhaust gas turbine 18b is to be passed to the exhaust gas turbine 18a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a.
Im Ansaugtrakt 14 ist zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Abgasturbolader 12a, 12b eine Schaltvorrichtung 26 vorgesehen, welche zwischen einemIn the intake tract 14, a switching device 26 is provided between the first and the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12 a, 12 b, which is arranged between a
Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus und einem Registerbetriebsmodus zu schalten ist und deren Aufbau und Funktionsweise im Folgenden näher erläutert werden wird. Im Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus wird der Luftstrom seriell zunächst durch den Verdichter 16a des ersten Abgasturboladers 12a und anschließend durch den Verdichter 16b des zweiten Abgasturboladers 12b geführt. Im Registerbetriebsmodus wird der Luftstrom hingegen parallel durch die Verdichter 16a, 16b des ersten und des zweiten Abgasturboladers 12a, 12b geführt. Die Schaltvorrichtung 26 ist mit einer Motorsteuereinrichtung 28 gekoppelt und wird von dieser über entsprechende Steuersignale S zwischen dem Zweistufigkeits- und dem Registerbetriebsmodus geschaltet. Mit Hilfe der Motorsteuereinrichtung 28 können zudem im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ein Sperrventil 30 einer Abgasrückführungseinrichtung 32 gesteuert und Motorbetriebspunkte M der Brennkraftmaschine 10 sowie ein Ladedruck p im stromab der Verdichter 16a, 16b gelegenen Ansaugtrakt 14 ermittelt werden. Darüber hinaus wird mittels der Motorsteuereinrichtung 28 eine der Abgasturbine 18a des ersten Abgasturboladers 12a zugeordnete Ventileinrichtung 34 mit einem Drallventil (nicht abgebildet) zur Dosierung einer Leistungsaufnahme der Abgasturbinen 18a, 18b und damit der Verdichter 12a, 12b gesteuert. Der Aufbau, die Funktionsweise und die erzielbaren Vorteile der Ventileinrichtung 34 sind dabei der DE 10 2005 046 507 Al zu entnehmen, deren Offenbarung als mitumfasst zu betrachten ist.Two-speed operation mode and a register operating mode is to be switched and their structure and operation will be explained in more detail below. In the two-staged mode of operation, the air flow is first routed serially through the compressor 16a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a and then through the compressor 16b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b. In register operation mode the air flow, however, in parallel through the compressor 16a, 16b of the first and second exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, 12b out. The switching device 26 is coupled to a motor control device 28 and is switched by the latter via corresponding control signals S between the two-state and the register operating mode. With the aid of the engine control device 28, a check valve 30 of an exhaust gas recirculation device 32 can also be controlled in the present exemplary embodiment and engine operating points M of the internal combustion engine 10 and a boost pressure p in the intake tract 14 located downstream of the compressors 16a, 16b can be determined. In addition, by means of the engine control device 28, one of the exhaust gas turbine 18a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a associated valve device 34 with a swirl valve (not shown) for metering a power consumption of the exhaust gas turbine 18a, 18b and thus the compressor 12a, 12b controlled. The construction, the mode of operation and the achievable advantages of the valve device 34 can be found in DE 10 2005 046 507 A1, the disclosure of which is considered to be taken along.
Die Schaltvorrichtung 26 umfasst eine Drehschiebereinrichtung 36, welche über eine erste, den Verdichter 16a des ersten Abgasturboladers 12a überbrückende Leitung 38a mit dem Ansaugtrakt 14 stromauf des Verdichters 16a gekoppelt ist. Weiterhin ist die Drehschiebereinrichtung 36 über eine zweite Leitung 38b mit dem Verdichter 16a des ersten Abgasturboladers 12a, über eine dritte Leitung 38c mit dem Verdichter 16b des zweiten Abgasturboladers 12b und über eine vierte, den Verdichter 16b des zweiten Abgasturboladers 12b überbrückende Leitung 38d mit dem Ansaugtrakt 14 stromab der Verdichter 16a, 16b gekoppelt. Die erste Leitung 38a umfasst ein Rückschlagventil 40, mittels welchem ein Durchgang des Luftstroms durch die erste Leitung 38a entgegen der vorgegebenen Strömungsrichtung zur Brennkraftmaschine 10 hin zu verunmöglichen ist. Das Rückschlagventil 40 öffnet zudem beim Umschalten der Schaltvorrichtung 26 erst dann, wenn der Verdichter 16b einen Betriebszustand erreicht hat, in welchem er das Druckniveau des Verdichters 16a selbsttätig abstützen kann bzw. sobald sich eine Durchströmung des Verdichters 16b auf einen Druckzustand einstellt, in welchem der Druck innerhalb der vom Verdichter 16b abgehenden Leitung 38e gleich dem Druck innerhalb der Leitung 38d ist.The switching device 26 comprises a rotary slide device 36, which is coupled via a first, the compressor 16a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a bridging line 38a with the intake manifold 14 upstream of the compressor 16a. Furthermore, the rotary slide device 36 via a second line 38b to the compressor 16a of the first exhaust gas turbocharger 12a, via a third line 38c to the compressor 16b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b and via a fourth, the compressor 16b of the second exhaust gas turbocharger 12b bridging line 38d with the intake 14 downstream of the compressors 16a, 16b coupled. The first conduit 38a comprises a check valve 40, by means of which a passage of the air flow through the first conduit 38a against the predetermined direction of flow to the internal combustion engine 10 is impossible to. The check valve 40 also opens when switching the switching device 26 only when the compressor 16b has reached an operating state in which it can support the pressure level of the compressor 16a automatically or as soon as a flow of the compressor 16b adjusts to a pressure state in which the Pressure within line 38e exiting compressor 16b is equal to the pressure within line 38d.
Die zweite Leitung 38b umfasst ihrerseits einen ersten Ladeluftkühler 42a, mittels welchem eine Temperatur des mittels des Verdichters 16a vorverdichteten Luftstroms unabhängig vom jeweiligen Betriebsmodus der Schaltvorrichtung 26 zu senken ist. Stromab befindet sich im Ansaugtrakt 14 ein größer dimensionierter, zweiter Ladeluftkühler 42b, mittels welchem sowohl der vorverdichtete Luftstrom des Verdichters 16a als auch der des Verdichters 16b zu kühlen sind. Ein dritter Ladeluftkühler 42c befindet sich innerhalb der Abgasrückführungseinrichtung 32 und kühlt das heiße, vom Abgastrakt 20 stammende Abgas.The second line 38b in turn comprises a first intercooler 42a, by means of which a temperature of the pre-compressed by means of the compressor 16a air flow is to be lowered independently of the respective operating mode of the switching device 26. Downstream is located in the intake 14 a larger-sized, second intercooler 42 b, by means of which both the pre-compressed air flow of the compressor 16 a and 16 b of the compressor to be cooled. A third charge air cooler 42 c is located within the exhaust gas recirculation device 32 and cools the hot exhaust gas from the exhaust tract 20.
Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische seitliche Schnittansicht der Drehschiebereinrichtung 36 der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Schaltvorrichtung 26, welche drei konzentrisch gelagerte und um eine gemeinsame Drehachse II verdrehbare Drehventileinheiten 44a-c umfasst. Dabei sind mittels der ersten Drehventileinheit 44a die zweite und die dritte Leitung 38b, 38c, mittels der zweiten Drehventileinheit 44b die erste und die dritte Leitung 38a, 38c und mittels der dritten Drehventileinheit 44c die zweite und die vierte Leitung 38b, 38d miteinander koppelbar. Zur Vermeidung von Leckagen sowie zum Abdichten der einzelnen Strömungsbereiche sind die drei Drehventileinheiten 44a-c mittels zugeordneter Kolbenringe 46 gegeneinander abgedichtet. Es ist dabei zu betonen, dass sich in der Praxis die Dimensionen der einzelnen Drehventileinheiten 44a-c zur Verwirklichung optimaler Strömungsbereiche deutlich voneinander unterscheiden können.2 shows a schematic side sectional view of the rotary slide device 36 of the switching device 26 shown in FIG. 1, which comprises three concentrically mounted rotary valve units 44a-c which can be rotated about a common axis of rotation II. In this case, by means of the first rotary valve unit 44a, the second and the third line 38b, 38c, by means of the second rotary valve unit 44b the first and third line 38a, 38c and by means of the third rotary valve unit 44c, the second and the fourth line 38b, 38d coupled to each other. To avoid leaks and to seal the individual flow areas, the three rotary valve units 44a-c are assigned by means of Piston rings 46 sealed against each other. It should be emphasized that, in practice, the dimensions of the individual rotary valve units 44a-c for realizing optimum flow ranges may differ significantly from one another.
Fig. 3a bis 3c, welche in Zusammenschau erläutert werden, zeigen jeweils schematische Aufsichten der Drehventileinheiten 44a-c der Drehschiebereinrichtung 36 entlang den jeweiligen, in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebenen A- A, B-B bzw. C-C wobei die Schaltvorrichtung 26 bzw. die Drehschiebereinrichtung 36 vorliegend in den3a to 3c, which are explained in conjunction, respectively show schematic plan views of the rotary valve units 44a-c of the rotary slide device 36 along the respective, shown in Fig. 2 sectional planes A- A, BB and CC wherein the switching device 26 and the rotary slide device 36 present in the
Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus geschaltet ist. Wie aus Fig. 3a erkennbar ist, ist die erste Drehventileinheit 44a als 180°- Ventil ausgebildet, wohingegen die zweite und die dritte Drehventileinheit 44b, 44c jeweils als 90°-Ventile ausgebildet sind. Im Zweistufigkeitsbetriebsmodus sind über die erste Drehventileinheit 44a nur die zweite und die dritte Leitung 38b, 38c luftdurchgängig gekoppelt, wohingegen die zweite und die dritte Drehventileinheit 44b, 44c in eine Sperrstellung bewegt sind. Dadurch wird die Luft - wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich - über den ersten Verdichter 16a durch die zweite Leitung 38b dem ersten Ladeluftkühler 42a zugeführt und dort gekühlt. Anschließend wird die Luft seriell durch die erste Drehventileinheit 44a in die dritte Leitung 38c, den zweiten Verdichter 16b und über die Leitung 38e zum zweiten Ladeluftkühler 42b und schließlich in die Brennkraftmaschine 10 geleitet. Ein Luftdurchgang durch die erste Leitung 38a entgegen der Strömungsrichtung ist über das Rückschlagventil 40 verunmöglicht .Two-speed operation mode is switched. As can be seen from FIG. 3a, the first rotary valve unit 44a is designed as a 180 ° valve, whereas the second and third rotary valve units 44b, 44c are each designed as 90 ° valves. In the two-staged mode of operation, only the second and third conduits 38b, 38c are air-consistently coupled through the first rotary valve unit 44a, whereas the second and third rotary valve units 44b, 44c are moved to a locked position. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the air is supplied via the first compressor 16a through the second line 38b to the first charge air cooler 42a and cooled there. Subsequently, the air is passed serially through the first rotary valve unit 44a into the third passage 38c, the second compressor 16b and via the passage 38e to the second charge air cooler 42b and finally into the engine 10. An air passage through the first line 38 a against the flow direction is made impossible via the check valve 40.
Fig. 4a bis 4c, welche ebenfalls in Zusammenschau erläutert werden, zeigen jeweils schematische Aufsichten der Drehventileinheiten 44a-c der Drehschiebereinrichtung 36 entlang den jeweiligen, in Fig. 2 gezeigten Schnittebenen A- A, B-B bzw. C-C. Im Unterschied zu Fig. 3a bis 3c ist die Schaltvorrichtung 26 bzw. die Drehschiebereinrichtung 36 durch gemeinsames Verdrehen der Drehventileinheiten 44a-c um die Drehachse II in den Registerbetriebsmodus geschaltet. Dadurch ist der Durchgang von der zweiten in die dritte Leitung 38b, 38c mittels der ersten Drehventileinheit 44a gesperrt. Demgegenüber sind jetzt die erste und die dritte Leitung 38a, 38c sowie die zweite und die vierte Leitung 38b, 38d mit Hilfe der Drehventileinheiten 44b, 44c miteinander gekoppelt. Dadurch wird die Luft - wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich - über den ersten Verdichter 16a und die zweite Leitung 38b durch die zweite Drehventileinheit 44b in die vierte Leitung 38d geführt. Parallel dazu wird die Luft zusätzlich über die erste Leitung 38a direkt durch die dritte Drehventileinheit 44c und ohne Durchströmung des ersten Verdichters 16a zum zweiten Verdichter 16b geführt, welcher somit auf dem gleichen Eintrittsdruckniveau wie der erste Verdichter 16a ansaugt. Über die Leitung 38e wird die verdichtete Luft anschließend zum zweiten Ladeluftkühler 42b geführt, wobei sich die Leitung 38e und die vierte Leitung 38d mit der vom ersten Verdichter 16a verdichteten Luft zuvor wieder vereinigen. FIGS. 4 a to 4 c, which are also explained in conjunction, respectively show schematic plan views of the rotary valve units 44 a - c of the rotary slide device 36 along the respective sectional planes A-A, BB and CC shown in FIG. In contrast to FIGS. 3 a to 3 c, the switching device 26 or the rotary slide device 36 is switched to the register operating mode by jointly rotating the rotary valve units 44 a - c about the axis of rotation II. As a result, the passage from the second to the third line 38b, 38c is blocked by means of the first rotary valve unit 44a. On the other hand, now the first and third lines 38a, 38c and the second and fourth lines 38b, 38d are coupled together by means of the rotary valve units 44b, 44c. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, the air is guided via the first compressor 16a and the second line 38b through the second rotary valve unit 44b into the fourth line 38d. In parallel, the air is additionally fed via the first line 38a directly through the third rotary valve unit 44c and without flow of the first compressor 16a to the second compressor 16b, which thus sucks at the same inlet pressure level as the first compressor 16a. Via the line 38e, the compressed air is then passed to the second intercooler 42b, wherein the line 38e and the fourth line 38d with the air compressed by the first compressor 16a previously reunite.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007036933A DE102007036933A1 (en) | 2007-08-04 | 2007-08-04 | Internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle with a first and second exhaust gas turbocharger |
| DE102007036933.8 | 2007-08-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009018896A1 true WO2009018896A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
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ID=39846616
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2008/005759 Ceased WO2009018896A1 (en) | 2007-08-04 | 2008-07-15 | Internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle having a first and second exhaust gas turbocharger |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE102007036933A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009018896A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010046585A1 (en) * | 2010-09-25 | 2012-03-29 | Audi Ag | Device for operating six cylinder V-type internal combustion engine of motor car, has air circulation device connected to portions of pressure lines and fixed with compressors with suction line dependent on modes of engine |
| DE102010047821A1 (en) * | 2010-10-07 | 2012-04-12 | Daimler Ag | Air compression device for a motor vehicle and method for operating such an air compression device |
| DE102012012730B4 (en) * | 2012-06-26 | 2025-12-18 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Internal combustion engine and method for operating such an internal combustion engine |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62247125A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-10-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Supercharge control device for internal combustion engine |
| DE10222919A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-24 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Two-stage charged combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback control element, engine braking shut-off element, control element for varying exhaust gas applied to turbines implemented as rotary valve |
| EP1619366A1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-01-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Switching a multi-stage turbocompressor |
| DE102005046507A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-05 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Internal combustion engine comprises exhaust gas turbochargers each having a turbine with a bypass having an outflow valve integrated in the turbine housing |
| EP1777387A1 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-25 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Turbocharged internal combustion engine and method to operate such an engine |
| DE102005053977A1 (en) * | 2005-11-11 | 2007-05-16 | Volkswagen Ag | Internal combustion engine e.g. petrol engine, for e.g. passenger car, has compressors driven by turbine, where outlet side of compressor is connected with fresh air inlet of engine by air supply pipe that has adjustable butterfly valve |
| EP1801383A2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-27 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Internal combustion engine with register charging |
-
2007
- 2007-08-04 DE DE102007036933A patent/DE102007036933A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-07-15 WO PCT/EP2008/005759 patent/WO2009018896A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62247125A (en) * | 1986-04-21 | 1987-10-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | Supercharge control device for internal combustion engine |
| DE10222919A1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-24 | Man Nutzfahrzeuge Ag | Two-stage charged combustion engine has exhaust gas feedback control element, engine braking shut-off element, control element for varying exhaust gas applied to turbines implemented as rotary valve |
| EP1619366A1 (en) * | 2004-07-21 | 2006-01-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Switching a multi-stage turbocompressor |
| DE102005046507A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 | 2007-04-05 | Daimlerchrysler Ag | Internal combustion engine comprises exhaust gas turbochargers each having a turbine with a bypass having an outflow valve integrated in the turbine housing |
| EP1777387A1 (en) * | 2005-10-19 | 2007-04-25 | Ford Global Technologies, LLC | Turbocharged internal combustion engine and method to operate such an engine |
| DE102005053977A1 (en) * | 2005-11-11 | 2007-05-16 | Volkswagen Ag | Internal combustion engine e.g. petrol engine, for e.g. passenger car, has compressors driven by turbine, where outlet side of compressor is connected with fresh air inlet of engine by air supply pipe that has adjustable butterfly valve |
| EP1801383A2 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2007-06-27 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Internal combustion engine with register charging |
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|---|---|
| DE102007036933A1 (en) | 2009-02-05 |
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