WO2009099054A1 - 回転角度検出装置、回転機及び回転角度検出方法 - Google Patents
回転角度検出装置、回転機及び回転角度検出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009099054A1 WO2009099054A1 PCT/JP2009/051768 JP2009051768W WO2009099054A1 WO 2009099054 A1 WO2009099054 A1 WO 2009099054A1 JP 2009051768 W JP2009051768 W JP 2009051768W WO 2009099054 A1 WO2009099054 A1 WO 2009099054A1
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- rotation angle
- angle detection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/24428—Error prevention
- G01D5/24433—Error prevention by mechanical means
- G01D5/24438—Special design of the sensing element or scale
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/24471—Error correction
- G01D5/2448—Correction of gain, threshold, offset or phase control
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotation angle detection device that detects a rotation angle of a rotation shaft or the like, a rotating machine using the same, and a rotation angle detection method thereof.
- the magnetic flux density in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the cylindrical magnet at a predetermined distance (r 1 ) away from the circumferential surface
- the magnetic flux density changes substantially sinusoidally with respect to the rotation angle.
- the amplitude of the magnetic flux density in the radial direction is about 1 to 2 times larger than the amplitude of the magnetic flux density in the rotational direction.
- a sensor device (a magnetic sensor using a plurality of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive effect elements) is arranged at a position away from the distance (r 1 ), and rotation is performed by measuring the magnetic flux density in the radial direction and the magnetic flux density in the rotational direction
- An angle detection device can be configured.
- the sensor device Since the sensor device detects the direction of the magnetic flux, not the strength of the magnetic field, if the amplitude of the magnetic flux density in the radial direction is different from the amplitude of the magnetic flux density in the rotational direction, the sensor device having a magnetically sensitive axis in the radial direction A first output voltage (V x ) having a waveform is obtained, and a second output voltage (V y ) having a triangular waveform is obtained from a sensor device having a magnetosensitive axis in the rotation direction.
- the first and second output voltages can be obtained at the same time by using a sensor device in which two perpendicular magnetosensitive axes are integrated on one substrate.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-023179 (Patent Document 1) includes a magnetic member and a plurality of pairs of vector detection type magnetoresistive elements facing the magnetic pole array surface of the magnetic member, and the plurality of pairs of vector detection type magnetisms.
- the resistance effect elements are arranged such that the magnetosensitive surfaces are substantially parallel to the external magnetic field generated by the magnetic member, and the pin layer magnetization directions of the vector detection type magnetoresistance effect elements forming a pair are shifted from each other by approximately 90 °.
- a magnetic position detection device is disclosed in which all the vector detection type magnetoresistive effect elements are arranged at the same position with respect to the magnetic pole arrangement direction of the magnetic member, as shown in FIG. It is described that a two-phase sine waveform output whose phase is shifted by 90 ° can be obtained by relatively moving the illustrated magnetic member and the vector detection type magnetoresistive effect element.
- Patent Document 1 a two-phase sinusoidal waveform output that is 90 ° out of phase is obtained because the magnetic flux density amplitude in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction and the magnetic member is obtained.
- the ratio is approximately 1 (when the lateral dimension of the magnetic pole is extremely long with respect to the magnetization pitch of the magnetic member), and the actual magnetic flux density amplitude ratio is different, the output voltage from the magnetic field detector is high. It becomes a trapezoidal waveform and a triangular waveform with the next harmonics superimposed. As a result, an error occurs in position detection, and accurate measurement cannot be performed.
- Patent Document 2 describes a phase error, a distortion error, etc. between signals included in an output from a magnetoresistive effect element when a rotation angle is detected using the magnetoresistive effect element.
- the method of reducing by various waveform shaping is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-023179 (Patent Document 1) and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-194861 (Patent Document 2) describe that the radial magnetic flux density is larger than the rotational magnetic flux density because the radial magnetic flux density has a larger amplitude than the rotational magnetic flux density.
- the output voltage waveform in the direction is different and does not describe or suggest the resulting angular error.
- the lateral dimension of the magnetic pole is, for example, about 100 times the magnetic pole pitch. It is necessary to. However, it is not practical to provide such a large magnetic member for detecting the rotation angle or the movement distance.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a rotation angle detection device capable of detecting a rotation angle with high accuracy, and a rotating machine equipped with the rotation angle detection device.
- the present inventors in a rotation angle detection apparatus using a sensor device that detects the direction of magnetic flux, have two output voltages (or radial directions and rotation directions) obtained from the sensor device (or Multiply (or divide) at least one of the output voltage waveforms) by the correction coefficient, and the ratio of the maximum values of the two corrected output voltages (or output voltage waveforms) is determined in the radial direction and the position where the sensor device is disposed. After making it equal to the ratio K ′ of the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the rotation direction, it was found that the angle error was remarkably reduced by performing an arctangent calculation, and the present invention was conceived.
- the rotation angle detection device of the present invention expands the amplitude of at least one of the obtained output voltage waveforms, and the two-direction magnetic flux density corresponding to the ratio of the maximum values of the two output voltage waveforms.
- the rotation angle and the mechanical angle are obtained after adjusting so as to be equal to the ratio of the maximum values of the values.
- This adjustment means may be any one of a method of enlarging only one, a method of reducing only one, or a method of multiplying both by a predetermined coefficient, and as a result, the ratio of the maximum values of the two output voltage waveforms is What is necessary is just to correct so that it may become equivalent to said ratio K '.
- the description will be focused on multiplying one by a correction coefficient, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be corrected by dividing the other, or both may be corrected by a different predetermined coefficient. You may do it.
- the rotation angle detection device of the present invention is A rotation angle detection device that detects a rotation angle using a magnet rotor having a 2N pole magnet (N is a natural number) and a sensor device that detects the direction of magnetic flux from the magnet rotor, By multiplying at least one of the two output voltage values in the radial direction and the rotation direction obtained by the sensor device by a correction coefficient, the rotation angle is calculated from the two corrected output voltage values, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the rotation angle. It is characterized by.
- a rotation angle detection device of the present invention is A rotation angle detection device comprising a magnet rotor (N is a natural number) having a 2N pole magnet, and a sensor device for detecting the direction of magnetic flux from the magnet rotor,
- the sensor device includes a plurality of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements (a magnetoresistive element having a fixed layer and a free layer, the fixed layer magnetization direction being fixed, and the free layer magnetization direction rotating according to the direction of the magnetic flux.
- Each of the sensor bridges A01 and B01 is a bridge circuit of the spin valve type giant magnetoresistive element, In the bridge circuit, the pinned layer magnetization directions of the spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements on the electrically adjacent sides are antiparallel, By applying a voltage to each of the sensor bridges A01 and B01, an output voltage corresponding to an angle formed by the fixed layer magnetization direction and the free layer magnetization direction is obtained, An angle signal is obtained based on two outputs obtained by multiplying at least one of the output voltages by a correction coefficient.
- the sensor device has a plurality of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements (having a fixed layer and a free layer, and fixed in two directions in which the fixed layer magnetization direction is orthogonal, and the free layer magnetization direction depends on the direction of the magnetic flux.
- Magnetoresistive element that rotates The correction coefficient is preferably a value reflecting a ratio between the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the radial direction and the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the rotation direction at the position where the sensor device is provided.
- Still another rotation angle detection device of the present invention is: A rotation angle detection device that detects a rotation angle using a magnet rotor having a 2N pole magnet (N is a natural number) and a sensor device that detects the direction of magnetic flux from the magnet rotor, The rotation angle is calculated by multiplying the amplitude value of at least one of the output waveforms of the two output voltage values in the radial direction and the rotation direction obtained by the sensor device by a correction coefficient, and calculating the rotation angle from the two corrected output waveforms. It is characterized by improving the detection accuracy of.
- the sensor device has a plurality of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements (having a fixed layer and a free layer, and fixed in two directions in which the fixed layer magnetization direction is orthogonal, and the free layer magnetization direction depends on the direction of the magnetic flux. Magnetoresistive element that rotates)
- the correction coefficient is preferably a value that reflects the ratio of the maximum amplitude when the waveform of the magnetic flux density in the radial direction and the rotational direction is taken at the position where the sensor device is provided.
- Still another rotation angle detection device of the present invention is: A rotation angle detection device comprising a magnet rotor (N is a natural number) having a 2N pole magnet, and a sensor device for detecting the direction of magnetic flux from the magnet rotor,
- the sensor device includes a plurality of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements (a magnetoresistive element having a fixed layer and a free layer, the fixed layer magnetization direction being fixed, and the free layer magnetization direction rotating according to the direction of the magnetic flux.
- Each of the sensor bridges A01 and B01 is a bridge circuit of the spin valve type giant magnetoresistive element, In the bridge circuit, the pinned layer magnetization directions of the spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements on the electrically adjacent sides are antiparallel, By applying a voltage to each of the sensor bridges A01 and B01, an output voltage (V x , V y ) corresponding to an angle formed by the fixed layer magnetization direction and the free layer magnetization direction is obtained, An angle signal is obtained by multiplying at least one of the output voltages by a correction coefficient.
- V x is the output voltage of the sensor bridge A01 with the fixed layer magnetization direction oriented in the radial direction of the magnet rotor
- V y is an output voltage of the sensor bridge B01 in which the fixed layer magnetization direction is directed to the rotation direction of the magnet rotor
- the correction coefficient is expressed as a 1 , a 3 , b 1 and b 3 in the following formulas (1-1) and (1-2) obtained by Fourier expansion of one period of electrical angle for each of V x and V y . It is a value calculated based on a numerical value.
- V x a 1 cos ⁇ mag + a 3 cos3 ⁇ mag + a 5 cos5 ⁇ mag + ... Equation (1-1)
- V y b 1 sin ⁇ mag + b 3 sin3 ⁇ mag + b 5 sin5 ⁇ mag +... Equation (1-2)]
- the sensor device is preferably provided at a position where the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the radial direction and the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the rotation direction are different from each other.
- the center of the magnetosensitive surface of the sensor device is located on a plane passing through the axial center point of the magnet rotor and perpendicular to the rotation axis.
- the rotating machine of the present invention is equipped with any one of the rotation angle detection devices described above.
- the rotation angle detection method of the present invention includes: A rotation angle detection method for detecting a rotation angle of a magnet rotor having 2N pole magnets (N is a natural number), The sensor device measures the periodic variation of the magnetic flux in the radial direction and the rotational direction of the magnet rotor as an output voltage (V x , V y ), The rotation angle ⁇ meas of the magnet rotor is obtained by multiplying at least one of the output voltages by a correction coefficient.
- the k value is preferably used as the correction coefficient, and the rotation angle ⁇ meas of the magnet rotor is preferably obtained from the equation (3) or the equation (4).
- ⁇ meas tan -1 (V x / (V y ⁇ k)) Equation (3) (When AC power in the rotation direction is small)
- ⁇ meas tan -1 ((V x ⁇ k) / V y )) Equation (4) (When radial AC power is small)
- the correction coefficient k value is defined as a 1 , a 3 , b in Equations (5-1) and (5-2) obtained by Fourier expansion of one period of electrical angle for each of the output voltages (V x , V y ).
- a value calculated based on the values of 1 and b 3 is preferable.
- V x a 1 cos ⁇ mag + a 3 cos3 ⁇ mag + a 5 cos5 ⁇ mag + ... Equation (5-1)
- V y b 1 sin ⁇ mag + b 3 sin3 ⁇ mag + b 5 sin5 ⁇ mag +... (5-2)
- the correction coefficient k is preferably calculated based on k ′ obtained from the following equation (6) using the numerical values of a 1 , a 3 , b 1 and b 3 .
- k ' (a 1 -a 3 ) / (b 1 + b 3 ) (6)
- k k ′ ⁇ 0.3N ⁇ N is the number of pole pairs of the magnet rotor, and k ′ is a value obtained by the above equation (6).
- ⁇ Is preferably used.
- the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the radial direction and the maximum value of the magnetic flux density in the rotational direction are two directions (measured by the sensor device) by placing a Hall element at a position where the direction of the magnetic flux is measured (position where the sensor device is provided) ( (Radial direction and rotational direction) can be obtained by measuring each.
- an output voltage close to a trapezoidal wave (first output voltage) is obtained for a sensor bridge with a magnetosensitive axis in the radial direction
- an output voltage close to a triangular wave is obtained for a sensor bridge with a magnetosensitive axis in the rotational direction.
- the rotation angle can be detected with high accuracy by amplifying the second output voltage with a correction coefficient k substantially equal to the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′.
- the correction factor k is set to the output voltage with the smaller area surrounded by the horizontal axis of the mechanical angle and the sensor output waveform.
- the rotation angle is calculated using the adjusted sensor output shown in FIG. Alternatively, the rotation angle may be calculated by dividing the correction coefficient k by the output voltage having the larger area surrounded by the horizontal axis of the mechanical angle and the sensor output waveform.
- two numerical values that become the correction coefficient k may be calculated by multiplication, and each of the two waveforms may be multiplied.
- the correction coefficient k is the output voltage (second output voltage) at the sensor bridge with the magnetosensitive axis facing the rotation direction. Multiply.
- the magnet rotor is preferably a magnet rotor magnetized with two or more pairs of poles.
- One pole pair corresponds to one N pole and two adjacent S poles. For example, if it is magnetized to 12 poles, it is a 6 pole pair magnet rotor.
- the sensor device is installed in the vicinity of the magnet rotor so that the free layer of the spin valve type giant magnetoresistive element, which is the element, rotates when the magnet rotor rotates. Since the sensor bridge in one sensor device is arranged with the elements inclined by 90 °, the rotation angle can be accurately measured without arranging the sensor devices so as to have a phase difference of 90 °.
- the axial thickness (t) of the magnet corresponds to the size of the magnet in the rotational axis direction.
- the center of the sensor device is the center of the spin valve type giant magnetoresistive effect element or the center point that is substantially equidistant from the spin valve type giant magnetoresistive effect element when there are a plurality of spin valve type giant magnetoresistive effect elements. Since the thickness of the spin-valve giant magnetoresistive element is sufficiently thinner than the magnet rotor, the center point may be on the substrate on which the spin-valve giant magnetoresistive element is formed. That is, it can be said that the center of the sensor device is on the magnetosensitive surface.
- the two magnetic sensitive axes are in an orthogonal relationship and are in the magnetic sensitive surface or parallel to the magnetic sensitive surface.
- the sensor bridge refers to an element obtained by assembling four elements (spin valve type giant magnetoresistive effect element) into an electric circuit bridge (a surface including the four elements is a magnetosensitive surface).
- a device equipped with two sensor bridges is called a sensor device.
- a configuration in which the magnet rotor and the sensor device are opposed to each other is referred to as a rotation angle detection device.
- a unit in which a plurality of sensor devices are combined so as to be attached to the rotation angle detection device is referred to as a module.
- An angular error can be reduced by the rotation angle detection device of the present invention.
- the angle error can be reduced regardless of the position of the sensor device. Therefore, the sensor device can be installed at the position where the magnetic flux density is the largest, and the volume of the magnet can be reduced. As a result, the occupied volume of the rotation angle detection device can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a bridge circuit diagram showing a connection between an element and a terminal whose fixed layer magnetization direction is a radial direction of a magnet rotor in the sensor device of FIG. 2 (a).
- 3 is a bridge circuit diagram showing a connection between an element and a terminal whose rotation direction of a magnet rotor is a fixed layer magnetization direction in the sensor device of FIG. 2 (a). It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of the calculation method of the correction coefficient k. It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of a rotation angle detection apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of a rotation angle detection apparatus. It is a conceptual diagram which shows another example of a rotation angle detection apparatus. 3 is a graph showing a sensor output before voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of the first embodiment. 3 is a graph showing sensor output after voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 1. 6 is a graph showing angle errors before and after voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 1.
- 6 is a graph showing a sensor output before voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of the second embodiment.
- 7 is a graph showing sensor output after voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing angle errors before and after voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing a sensor output before voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 3.
- 6 is a graph showing sensor output after voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 3.
- 6 is a graph showing angle errors before and after voltage adjustment of the rotation angle detection device of Example 3. It is a graph which shows a mechanical angle error when the correction coefficient k changes. It is a graph which shows an electrical angle error when the correction coefficient k changes.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a magnetic flux density B ⁇ in the magnet radial direction, a magnetic flux density B // in the magnet rotation direction, and a magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ when the sensor is moved in the x-axis direction (direction perpendicular to the rotation axis).
- 6 is a graph showing a magnetic flux density B ⁇ in the magnet radial direction, a magnetic flux density B // in the magnet rotating direction, and a magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ when the sensor is moved in the z-axis direction (rotating axis direction).
- It is a schematic diagram which shows the positional relationship of the magnetic flux of a 1 pole pair magnet, and a sensor device.
- FIG. 15 is an AA cross-sectional view of FIG.
- FIG. 14 (a). It is a schematic diagram which shows various positional relationships with the magnetic flux of a 1 pole pair magnet, and a sensor device. It is a schematic diagram which shows the positional relationship of the magnetic flux of a 4-pole magnet, and a sensor device.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the positional relationship of the magnetic flux of a 4-pole magnet, and a sensor device. It is a schematic diagram which shows various positional relationships between the magnetic flux of a quadrupole magnet and a sensor device. It is a schematic cross section which shows an example of the rotary machine to which the rotation angle detection apparatus of this invention is applied. 6 is a schematic front view showing a rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing a rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a sensor output of the rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 1.
- 6 is a graph showing detection angles and errors of the rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 1.
- 5 is a schematic front view showing a rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing a rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 1.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing sensor output of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 1.
- 5 is a graph showing detection angles and errors of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 1.
- 6 is a schematic front view showing a rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 2.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing a rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing sensor output of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing detection angles and errors of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 2.
- 6 is a schematic front view showing a rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 6 is a graph showing a sensor output of a rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 2.
- 10 is a graph showing detection angles and errors of a rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 2.
- 6 is an enlarged graph showing detection angles and errors of a rotation angle detection device of Comparative Example 2.
- 10 is a schematic front view showing a rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 3.
- FIG. FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing sensor output of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 3.
- 10 is a graph showing detection angles and errors of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 3.
- 5 is an enlarged graph showing detection angles and errors of the rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 3.
- 10 is a schematic front view showing a rotation angle detection device of Reference Example 4.
- FIG. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 22 (a).
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the sensor devices of Comparative Example 1, Reference Example 1, Reference Example 2 and Example 6 in an overlapping manner.
- FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing the sensor devices of Comparative Example 2, Reference Example 3, Reference Example 4, Example 7 and Example 8 in an overlapping manner.
- FIG. 1 (a) and FIG. 1 (b) show a magnetic rotor 1 magnetized on a 6-pole pair on the outer peripheral surface and a magnetic sensor unit 2 that supports a sensor device 2a.
- 1 shows a rotation angle detection device having a housing 3 to which 1 is fixed.
- the rotation axis of the magnet rotor 1 is an axis that passes through the point O and is perpendicular to the paper surface.
- the rotation angle of the ring-shaped permanent magnet 1a in the magnet rotor 1 can be detected by the sensor device 2a (equipped with a bridge circuit of two spin-valve giant magnetoresistive effect elements whose fixed layer magnetization directions are orthogonal).
- the magnet rotor 1 includes a ring-shaped permanent magnet 1a, a soft magnetic ring 1b integrally formed on the inner peripheral side of the ring-shaped permanent magnet, and a non-magnetic ring-shaped adapter 1c that supports the soft magnetic ring. .
- the magnetic sensor unit 2 1, a plate-shaped circuit board 2c to one side of the peripheral edge opposing the magnet rotor 1, a sensor device 2a fixed to the plane of the circuit board 2c, the sensor device 2a and the circuit
- a cable 2d1 and a connector 2e that electrically connect the circuit board 2c and the control circuit
- a nonmagnetic cover 2f that covers the sensor device.
- the ring-shaped permanent magnet 1a is magnetized in six pole pairs, and is arranged so that the direction of magnetization is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the magnet rotor.
- the housing 3 is provided with a U-shaped angle 3a and a bolt 3c for fixing the circuit board 2c so that the sensor device 2a faces the magnet rotor 1 at a predetermined interval.
- the plane of the circuit board 2c to which the sensor device is fixed is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the magnet rotor. Details of the sensor device and the like will be described later.
- the magnet rotor 1 is fixed to the rotating shaft so as to be coaxial (using the bolting hole 1d) (the machine tool is not shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b)).
- FIG. 1 (a) by rotating the machine tool shaft while being opposed to the magnet rotor 1 and the magnetic sensor unit 2 1, it is possible to detect the rotational angle with high accuracy.
- the magnet rotor 1 includes a ring-shaped permanent magnet 1a made of an NdFeB-based bonded magnet, a soft magnetic ring 1b formed by molding soft iron powder and a binder, and S45C for attaching the soft magnetic ring to a shaft (rotating shaft).
- the adapter 1c is made of.
- the sensor device 2a as shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c), comprises a full bridge circuit with eight spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements (elements) between Vcc and GND.
- ten terminals 23 are formed using a nonmagnetic lead frame, and the sensor device is molded with a resin material.
- the housing 3 and the U-shaped angle 3a are preferably made of non-magnetic SUSU316, and the U-shaped angle can be produced by press molding or the like.
- the rotation angle detection device for example, has a radius r 0 of the magnet rotor 1 of 25 mm, a distance r 1 from the outer peripheral surface of the magnet rotor 1 to the center of the sensor device of 3.5 mm, and the axial thickness of the magnet of the magnet rotor 1
- the thickness t is 4 mm
- the thickness T of the housing 3 is 2 mm (for example, a 2 mm-thick plate material is punched and formed by a diaphragm). Even when the distance r 1 is increased to 6 mm, it can be used without any problem.
- each pair of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive elements 22a to 22d shown in FIG. 2 (a) is formed on a nonmagnetic substrate 12a on a base layer (Cr) / fixed layer (Co / Ru / Co) / Cu layer / free layer (Co / NiFe) / cap layer (Ta) in this order and patterned, provided with an electrode film for energization, and provided with an insulating coating.
- the output of the sensor device is determined by this angle ⁇ mag .
- Output V X, and the output V y ⁇ k obtained by multiplying the correction coefficient k to the output V y of the direction of rotation from the sensor device to sense the magnetic axis from the sensor device to the radial-sensitive magnetic axis, respectively (10 ) And formula (11).
- V x cos ⁇ mag equation (10)
- V y ⁇ k ksin ⁇ mag formula (11)
- equation (13) is obtained.
- ⁇ meas can be expressed as equation (14).
- ⁇ meas tan -1 ⁇ (k / K ') tan ⁇ e ⁇ (14)
- the detection position is set right next to the magnet rotor, but the relative position of the sensor device with respect to the magnet is arbitrary within the range of the magnetic flux density at which the sensor device operates. That is, even when the sensor is moved away from the magnet in the radial direction or when the sensor is moved in the direction of the rotation axis of the magnet, the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio in the two magnetic sensitive axis directions orthogonal to each other in the magnetic sensitive surface of the sensor device. Only changes, and the value of the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ is uniquely determined.
- correction factor k The correction coefficient k can be obtained by three methods.
- (i) Method using K ′ value determined from magnet shape and actual measurement The magnetic flux density detected around the magnet rotor as the magnet rotates is uniquely determined by the type and shape of the magnet. Therefore, if the type and shape of the magnet, the position of the sensor, and the installation angle are determined at the design stage, the amplitude ratio K ′ of the two magnetic flux density components orthogonal to each other in the magnetosensitive surface of the sensor bridge is determined. Therefore, K ′ is obtained by simulation or actual measurement, and this value is used as the correction coefficient k.
- V x is the output voltage of the sensor bridge with the radial direction of the magnet rotor as the magnetosensitive axis
- V y is the rotational direction of the magnet rotor as the magnetosensitive axis.
- k ' (a 1 -a 3 ) / (b 1 + b 3 ) Equation (2)
- This amplitude adjustment ratio k ′ is used as the correction coefficient k.
- the amplitude adjustment ratio k ′ is obtained from the fundamental component of V x and V y and the third harmonic component obtained by normalizing the output amplitude of the output voltage of the sensor bridge of Equation (1-1) and Equation (1-2). is a value obtained, the fundamental wave Fourier coefficient of V x output as a 1, the third harmonic of the wave Fourier coefficient a 3, V y b 1 the fundamental wave Fourier coefficient of the output, the third harmonic Fourier coefficients b 3 It can be obtained by equation (2).
- the amplitude adjustment ratio k ′ is equal to the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′. Prove that below.
- y 0 be the instantaneous value of the magnetic flux density in the y direction normalized by the magnetic flux density amplitude in the rotational direction.
- the magnetic flux density amplitude of the x direction is the instantaneous value of the same case as that in the y direction and x 0, if the magnetic flux density amplitude in the x direction K 'of times, as shown in FIG. 26, x-direction of the magnetic flux density instantaneous value Is at K'x 0 .
- Expression (17) is derived from Expression (16-1) to Expression (16-4).
- V x a 1 cos ⁇ mag + a 3 cos3 ⁇ mag + a 5 cos5 ⁇ mag + ... Equation (20)
- V y b 1 sin ⁇ mag + b 3 sin3 ⁇ mag + b 5 sin5 ⁇ mag +... (21)
- a 1 , a 3 , b 1 and b 3 are Fourier coefficients, and are represented by the following equations (22-1) to (22-4).
- the amplitude adjustment ratio k ′ obtained by the Fourier coefficient of the fundamental wave and the third harmonic of the output waveform of the spin-valve giant magnetoresistive element (SVGMR element) bridge having the orthogonal magnetosensitive axes in this way is the correction coefficient k.
- V x and V y can be expressed as follows by replacing sin and cos when Fourier expansion is performed. That is, for each of V x and V y , Fourier expansion is performed in consideration of only the AC component, and Equation (28) and Equation (29) are obtained by leaving only significant terms.
- V x c 1 sin ⁇ mag + c 3 sin3 ⁇ mag + c 5 sin5 ⁇ mag +... Equation (28)
- V y d 1 cos ⁇ mag + d 3 cos3 ⁇ mag + d 5 cos5 ⁇ mag + ... Equation (29)
- the phase relationship between V x and V y varies depending on the sensor placement method and the rotation direction of the rotor, so the first order Fourier coefficient of V x and V y can be either or both can be negative. . Even in that case, the sign of the first-order coefficient and the third-order coefficient in the same expression changes together, so k is a positive number by taking the absolute value of the entire expression.
- Embodiment (i) Calculation of correction coefficient k The correction coefficient k can be calculated, for example, by the method shown in the conceptual diagram of FIG.
- the direction of the magnetic flux accompanying the rotation of the magnet rotor 31a is detected by the sensor device 32 installed at a desired position near the magnet rotor, and the output voltage (V x , V y ) from the sensor bridge is measured by the oscilloscope 27b.
- the obtained measured value is taken into the personal computer 28b, and k ′ is calculated using the above formula (1-1), formula (1-2), and formula (2) by Fourier calculation of one cycle of electrical angle. Since this method can be corrected after the sensor device 32 is attached, it is possible to suppress an increase in the mechanical angle error due to the displacement of the attachment position, which is a practically convenient technique.
- the correction coefficient k may be the value of k ′ itself.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of the rotation angle detection device is conceptually shown in FIG.
- the sensor device 32 installed at a desired position near the 6-pole pair magnet detects the direction of the magnetic flux accompanying the rotation of the magnet rotor 31a, and AD converts the analog output voltage (V x , V y ) from the sensor bridge. - digital conversion), and the angle by multiplying a correction coefficient k previously calculated converted V y, the arctangent calculation by the output voltage (V x, k ⁇ V y ) the angle calculation unit 28 Is detected.
- voltage adjustment can be performed digitally, so that the electronic circuit in the previous stage can be simply configured and the measurement range of AD conversion can be maximized.
- Amplitude correction method 2 Another embodiment of the rotation angle detection device is conceptually shown in FIG. 6 detects the direction of the magnetic flux in accordance with the rotation of the rotor 31a by the pole pair sensor device 32 installed at a desired position near the magnet, pre-only output voltage V x of the sensor bridge before entering the AD conversion correction unit 27 Divide by the calculated correction coefficient k (ie, voltage division using a variable resistor) and input to the AD conversion correction unit 27. The angle is detected by calculating the arc tangent of these output voltages (V x / k, V y ) in the angle calculation unit 28. In this method, the correction coefficient k can be determined while evaluating the detected angle and the actual rotation angle.
- FIG. 3 Still another embodiment of the rotation angle detection device is conceptually shown in FIG.
- the sensor device 32 installed at a desired position in the vicinity of the 6-pole pair magnet detects the direction of the magnetic flux accompanying the rotation of the magnet rotor 31a, and changes the output voltage (V x , V y ) of the sensor bridge to the operational amplifiers 26a, Input to the amplifier circuit of 26b.
- the amplification factor of V x is A
- the amplification factor of V y adjusting the voltage as A ⁇ k.
- Example 1 A rotation angle detector using a single pole pair magnet rotor was fabricated.
- An NdFeB bond magnet having a diameter of 26 mm and an axial thickness of 5 mm was used as the magnet rotor, and the sensor device was placed at a position 5 mm away from the outer surface of the magnet. Since one pole pair magnet was used, as shown in FIG. 7 (a), one period of sensor bridge output was obtained for one rotation of the magnet rotor (mechanical angle 360 deg.) (Before voltage adjustment).
- Example 2 A rotation angle detector using a quadrupole magnet rotor was fabricated.
- the output k ⁇ V y as shown in FIG. 8B was obtained by multiplying V y by k ′ as a correction coefficient k.
- the mechanical angle error can be reduced to about ⁇ 0.4 deg. By adjusting the voltage.
- Example 3 A rotation angle detector using an 8-pole magnet rotor was fabricated.
- the output k ⁇ V y as shown in FIG. 9B was obtained by multiplying V y by this k ′ as a correction coefficient k.
- ⁇ 1.8 deg As a result of evaluating the angle error by calculating the arc tangent of each of the output waveforms of FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b), as shown in FIG. 9 (c), about ⁇ 1.8 deg.
- the mechanical angle error was reduced to about ⁇ 0.2 deg. By adjusting the voltage.
- FIG. 10 shows the calculation result of the mechanical angle error when the correction coefficient k is changed in the rotation angle detection device of the present invention having the magnet rotors having the number of pole pairs N of 1, 4 and 8.
- the amplitude ratio K ′ of orthogonal magnetic flux densities at the position of the sensor bridge magnetosensitive surface was set to 1.70.
- the mechanical angle error was minimized by making the correction coefficient k equal to the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′.
- the mechanical angle error becomes 1 / N, so that an increase in error due to the shift of the correction coefficient k is suppressed.
- the allowable deviation of the correction coefficient k is about ⁇ 0.06N (N is the number of pole pairs of the magnet rotor).
- FIG. 11 shows the calculation result of the electrical angle error with respect to the correction coefficient k when the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ is 1.4 and 1.7, respectively. The angle error was almost in the same range when the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ was 1.7 and 1.4.
- Example 4 Magnetic flux density amplitude B ⁇ in the magnet radial direction, magnetic flux density amplitude B // in the rotational direction in a 6 pole pair magnet rotor (NdFeB bond magnet with outer diameter 50 mm, inner diameter 45 mm and axial thickness 4 mm), and The measurement position dependence of the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ obtained from both was evaluated.
- the magnetic flux density amplitude generated from the magnet rotor has a large B ⁇ , and the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ was 1.4 to 1.9 within the measurement range.
- B ⁇ ⁇ decreases rapidly, so K' also decreases significantly.
- a rotation angle detection device is configured using the magnet rotor and the sensor device, and K ′ obtained at an arbitrary measurement position r 1 is used as the correction coefficient k and applied to the amplitude correction methods 1 to 3.
- K ′ obtained at an arbitrary measurement position r 1 is used as the correction coefficient k and applied to the amplitude correction methods 1 to 3.
- a rotation angle detector with reduced errors was obtained.
- the shape of the magnet rotor, the number of pole pairs, and the installation position of the sensor device are determined, the magnetic flux density amplitude ratio K ′ can be easily obtained, and the angle error can be obtained by using the value as the correction coefficient k. It was found that a reduced rotation angle detection device can be produced.
- FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) show the positional relationship between the magnetic flux and the sensor device 32a when a single-pole pair magnet is used as the magnet rotor.
- a curved single arrow represents a line of magnetic force generated from the magnetic pole surface of the two-pole disk-shaped magnet 11.
- the Z-axis is an axis orthogonal to the rotation plane of the magnet with the center O (magnet thickness center point) of the disk-shaped magnet 11 as the origin, and corresponds to the rotation axis of the magnet rotor.
- the X axis and the Y axis are axes perpendicular to the Z axis with the center O as the origin, and the magnetization direction of the magnet when in the positional relationship shown in FIG.
- the sensor device 32a is the X axis, and is orthogonal to the magnetization direction. The direction was the Y axis.
- the sensor device 32a is received only magnetic flux density component B r of the radial direction.
- ⁇ m corresponds to the rotation angle of the magnet rotor. For example, when the disk-shaped magnet 11 in the state of FIG. 14 (a) is rotated in the circumferential direction by a mechanical angle ⁇ m of 90 °, the sensor device 32a receives only the magnetic flux density component B ⁇ in the rotational direction. Become.
- FIG. 14 (c) is drawn for convenience in order to facilitate understanding of the positional relationship between the sensor devices 32b, 32b ′, and '' 32b ′′ in the three types of rotation angle detection devices.
- the sensor device 32b ′ has the center of the magnetic sensing surface of the sensor device located at a position h ′ away from the XY plane in the Z-axis direction (position of the sensor arrangement angle ⁇ ′), and the magnetic sensing surface with respect to the XY plane. ⁇ 'tilted.
- the direction of the magnetic flux is inclined ⁇ ′ from the X axis.
- the rotation direction is the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, and the radial direction is the upward direction.
- FIGS. 15 (a) and 15 (b) show the positional relationship between the magnetic flux and the sensor device when a quadrupole magnet is used as the magnet rotor.
- the straight thick arrow represents the direction of magnetization in each magnetic pole of the ring-shaped permanent magnet 31b of the magnet rotor, and the curved thick arrow represents the magnetic flux generated from the surface of the magnetic pole.
- ⁇ corresponds to one wavelength of the signal when the measured surface magnetic flux density distribution (360 at an electrical angle ⁇ e deg.), which corresponds to the circumferential length of the ring-shaped permanent magnet 31b in the pair of magnetic pole surfaces.
- the Z-axis is an axis that passes through the center O of the hole of the ring-shaped permanent magnet 31b and is orthogonal to the rotation plane of the magnet, and corresponds to the rotation axis of the magnet rotor.
- the X axis and the Y axis are axes perpendicular to the Z axis with the center O as the origin, and the magnetization direction of the magnet when in the positional relationship shown in FIG. 15 (a) is the X axis, and is orthogonal to the magnetization direction. The direction was the Y axis.
- the sensor device 32c receives the magnetic flux in the X-axis direction.
- the sensor device 32c is located between the magnetic poles of the ring-shaped permanent magnet 31b, the sensor device 32c are magnetic flux direction of the Y-axis To receive.
- the sensor device 32d shown in FIG. 15 (c) has a magnetic flux measurement direction inclined by ⁇ from the radial direction (or rotational direction) of the magnet rotor. Even in such a case, if ⁇ is within 10 °, a value calculated in the same manner as described above can be adopted as the correction coefficient k. In other words, even if the detection direction of the sensor bridge is slightly deviated from the radial direction (or rotational direction) of the magnet rotor, the correction coefficient k is the amplitude ratio in the radial direction and rotational direction of the magnet rotor, or their waveforms. Values obtained from the numerical values of a 1 , a 3 , b 1, and b 3 in Formulas (1-1) and (1-2) that are Fourier-expanded can be used.
- Sensor devices can be arranged at several positions as shown in FIG. 15 (d), for example.
- FIG. 15 (d) is drawn for convenience in order to facilitate understanding of the positional relationship between the sensor devices 32e, 32e ', and 32e' 'in the three types of rotation angle detection devices.
- the definitions of the sensor tilt angle ⁇ , sensor arrangement angle ⁇ ′, sensor tilt angles ⁇ ′, h ′, and ⁇ ′ are the same as in FIG. 14 (c).
- a shaft serving as a rotating shaft can be fixed to the hole of the ring magnet.
- FIG. 16 schematically shows a rotating machine to which the rotation angle detection device of the third embodiment is applied.
- This rotating machine is a motor, and a frame 73c has a 12-pole permanent magnet rotor 71a having a shaft 71b as a central axis, and a stator 73a with a stator coil 73b fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the frame 73c.
- the shaft 71b is rotatably supported by the frame 73c via a bearing (not shown).
- the magnet rotor 71c is provided coaxially with the shaft 71b so as to be adjacent to the rotor 71a, and the sensor device 72a is fixed to the frame 73c via the support portion 72d so as to be disposed right next to the magnet rotor 71c. did.
- the direction of the magnetic flux applied from the magnet rotor 71c was detected by the sensor device 72a, the output was processed by the arithmetic circuit 72c, and the rotation angle of the magnet rotor 71c was output.
- Comparative Example 1 As shown in FIGS. 17 (a) and 17 (b), a rotation angle detection device was produced in which the sensor device 2b was arranged on the outer periphery of the disc-like magnet 11 of the magnet rotor magnetized with two poles.
- the sensor device 2b was arranged on the outer periphery of the disc-like magnet 11 of the magnet rotor magnetized with two poles.
- description will be made using a cylindrical coordinate system in which the center O of the disk-shaped magnet 11 is the origin and the rotation axis is the Z-axis.
- the distance (r o + r 1 ) from the Z axis to the center of the sensor device 2b was 23 mm.
- the rotational angle characteristics of this rotational angle detection device were measured in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, as shown in FIGS. 18 (c) and 18 (d), the output from each sensor bridge was approximately cosine wave and approximately sine. The angle error was about ⁇ 4 deg. It was found that by tilting the sensor device and reducing the harmonic component of the output waveform, a large improvement in angle detection accuracy was seen with respect to Comparative Example 1, and the angle error could be reduced without using the correction coefficient k.
- the distance (r o + r 1 ) from the rotation axis (z axis) to the center of the sensor device 2b (the center of the magnetosensitive surface) was 23 mm.
- the sensor arrangement angle ⁇ of this rotation angle detection device is about 33 deg., Which is shifted by 2 deg. Or more from the optimum sensor arrangement angle ⁇ best, so it is considered that a slight angle error has occurred.
- this rotation angle detection device was applied to a motor, the rotation angle could be detected with high accuracy. It was found that the angular error can be reduced without using the correction coefficient k by shifting the sensor device in the z direction and reducing the harmonic components of the output waveform.
- Comparative Example 2 A rotation angle detection device in which the sensor device 2b is arranged on the outer periphery of the multipolar ring magnet 21 as shown in FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b) was produced.
- a ring-shaped soft magnetic yoke was provided on the inner peripheral surface side of the ring magnet 21, and a shaft was fixed in the through hole. The ring-shaped soft magnetic yoke and shaft are not shown.
- the arithmetic circuit does not perform the process of multiplying the output voltage by the correction coefficient k.
- the output from each sensor bridge is substantially a sine wave and a substantially cosine wave as shown in FIG. 21 (c), and the angle error of the electrical angle is shown in FIGS. 21 (d) and 21.
- this rotation angle detection device was applied to a motor, the rotation angle could be detected with high accuracy.
- Example 6 The sensor devices of Comparative Example 1, Reference Example 1, Reference Example 2, and Example 6 are sensor devices 2b 1 , 2b 2 , 2b 3, and 2b 4 , respectively, and are shown in an overlapping manner in FIG. .
- the two-pole disk magnet 11 of the magnet rotor is common.
- the angular error could be reduced by changing the arrangement of the sensor device from Comparative Example 1 (sensor device 2b 1 ) to Reference Example 1 or 2 (sensor device 2b 2 or 2b 3 ). Inclining the sensor device or shifting the sensor device greatly in the z direction may be disadvantageous for making the rotation angle detector thin in the axial direction.
- a rotation angle detection apparatus having a sensor device 2b 4 in which the distance h in the z direction of the sensor device is reduced and the magnetosensitive surface is orthogonal to the axis of the magnet rotor is manufactured, and the above-described amplitude correction method The rotation angle was detected by applying the method of 1.
- the sensor device was shifted from the arrangement of Reference Example 1 or 2 (sensor device 2b 2 or 2b 3 ) to the position of Example 6 (sensor device 2b 4 )
- the angle error increased.
- Example 6 was able to reduce the angular error compared to Reference Example 1 or 2.
- the angular error is reduced by reducing the harmonic component of the output waveform as in the first or second embodiment.
- Example 7 and 8 The sensor devices of Comparative Example 2, Reference Example 3, Reference Example 4, Example 7 and Example 8 are sensor devices 2b 11 , 2b 12 , 2b 13 , 2b 14 and 2b 15 , respectively, so that their positional relationship can be understood.
- FIG. Here, the 12-pole ring magnet 21 of the magnet rotor is common.
- the angular error could be reduced.
- a rotational angle detection device of Example 7 or 8 (sensor device 2b 14 or sensor device 2b 15 indicated by a chain line), in which the magnetosensitive surface of the sensor device is orthogonal to the axis of the magnet rotor, is described above.
- the rotation angle was detected by applying the method of amplitude correction method 1.
- the sensor device is shifted from the arrangement of Reference Example 3 or 4 (sensor device 2b 12 or 2b 13 ) to the position of Example 7 or 8 (sensor device 2b 14 or 2b 15 )
- the angle error increases.
- the angular error of Example 7 or 8 could be reduced as compared with Reference Example 3 or 4.
- FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing a state where B ⁇ and B // formed by the magnet rotor are measured at the position where the sensor device of Example 6 is arranged.
- the disk-shaped magnet 11 is used as the magnet rotor, but the measurement method is the same even when the ring magnet 21 is used.
- the position of the sensor device 2b 4 was determined with respect to the disk-shaped magnet 11, and the coordinates of the center of the magnetosensitive surface (the point where the chain lines are orthogonal in FIG.
- the magnetic sensing center of the Hall sensor probe 41 is aligned with the coordinates that were the center of the magnetic sensing surface, and the magnetic sensing axis of the Hall sensor probe 41 is aligned with the disk-shaped magnet 11. and radially disposed, it was measured B ⁇ by rotating the disc-shaped magnet 11.
- the probe is tilted 90 °, the magnetic sensor center of the Hall sensor probe 41 is aligned with the coordinates of the center of the magnetic sensor surface as shown by the dotted line, and the magnetic sensor axis of the Hall sensor probe 41 is a disc shape.
- the longitudinal direction of the Hall sensor probe 41 was orthogonal to the axial direction of the magnet rotor.
- a gauss meter having a magnetosensitive axis orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the hall sensor probe is used.
- a gauss meter having a magnetosensitive axis parallel to the longitudinal direction of the hall sensor probe may be used.
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Abstract
Description
2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを用いて回転角度を検出する回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスで得られる半径方向及び回転方向の2つの出力電圧値の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算し、修正した2つの出力電圧値から回転角度を算出することにより、回転角度の検出精度を高めていることを特徴とする。
2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを備える回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスは、複数のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子(固定層と自由層を有し、固定層磁化方向が固定されており、自由層磁化方向が磁束の向きに応じて回転する磁気抵抗素子)で構成された感磁面を有し、互いに固定層磁化方向が直交するセンサブリッジA01とセンサブリッジB01とを内蔵し、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01は、それぞれ前記スピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子のブリッジ回路であり、
前記ブリッジ回路は、それぞれ電気的に隣り合う辺のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層磁化方向が反平行であり、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01のそれぞれに電圧を印加することにより、前記固定層磁化方向と前記自由層磁化方向とのなす角度に応じた出力電圧を得て、
前記出力電圧の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算して得られた2つの出力を基にして角度信号を得ることを特徴とする。
前記修正係数は、前記センサデバイスを設けた位置における半径方向の磁束密度の最大値と回転方向の磁束密度の最大値との比を反映した値であるのが好ましい。
2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを用いて回転角度を検出する回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスで得られる半径方向及び回転方向の2つの出力電圧値の出力波形の少なくとも一方の振幅値に修正係数を乗算し、修正した2つの出力波形から回転角度を算出することにより、回転角度の検出精度を高めていることを特徴とする。
前記修正係数は、前記センサデバイスを設けた位置で半径方向及び回転方向の2方向の磁束密度の波形を取ったときの、それぞれの最大振幅の比を反映した値であるのが好ましい。
2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを備える回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスは、複数のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子(固定層と自由層を有し、固定層磁化方向が固定されており、自由層磁化方向が磁束の向きに応じて回転する磁気抵抗素子)で構成された感磁面を有し、互いに固定層磁化方向が直交するセンサブリッジA01とセンサブリッジB01とを内蔵し、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01は、それぞれ前記スピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子のブリッジ回路であり、
前記ブリッジ回路は、それぞれ電気的に隣り合う辺のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層磁化方向が反平行であり、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01のそれぞれに電圧を印加することにより、前記固定層磁化方向と前記自由層磁化方向とのなす角度に応じた出力電圧(Vx、Vy)を得て、
前記出力電圧の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算して角度信号を得ることを特徴とする。
[ただし、Vxは前記磁石回転子の半径方向に固定層磁化方向を向けたセンサブリッジA01の出力電圧、
Vyは前記磁石回転子の回転方向に固定層磁化方向を向けたセンサブリッジB01の出力電圧であり、
前記修正係数は、Vx及びVyのそれぞれについて、電気角1周期をフーリエ展開した下記の式(1-1)及び式(1-2)におけるa1、a3、b1及びb3の数値を元に算出した値である。
Vx = a1cosθmag+ a3cos3θmag + a5cos5θmag + … 式(1-1)
Vy = b1sinθmag+ b3sin3θmag + b5sin5θmag + … 式(1-2)]
[ただし、修正係数kは、k = k'±0.3N{Nは磁石回転子の極対数であり、k'は前記式(1-1)及び式(1-2)におけるa1、a3、b1及びb3の数値により、式(2):k' = (a1 - a3)/(b1 + b3)で表される値である。}の範囲の値である。]
2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である)の回転角度を検出する回転角度検出方法であって、
センサデバイスによって前記磁石回転子の半径方向及び回転方向の磁束の周期変動を出力電圧(Vx、Vy)として測定し、
前記出力電圧の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算して、前記磁石回転子の回転角度θmeasを求めることを特徴とする。
θmeas = tan-1(Vx/(Vy・k)) 式(3) (回転方向の交流電力が小さい場合)
θmeas = tan-1((Vx・k)/Vy)) 式(4) (半径方向の交流電力が小さい場合)
Vx = a1cosθmag+ a3cos3θmag + a5cos5θmag + … 式(5-1)
Vy = b1sinθmag+ b3sin3θmag + b5sin5θmag + … 式(5-2)
k' = (a1- a3)/(b1 + b3) 式(6)
本発明の回転角度検出方法により、センサデバイスの位置にかかわらず角度誤差を低減することができるので、磁束密度の最も大きい位置にセンサデバイスを設置でき、磁石の体積を小さくすることができる。その結果、回転角度検出装置の占有体積を小さくすることが可能になる。
図1(a)及び図1(b)に、外周面に6極対に着磁された磁石回転子1と、センサデバイス2aを支持する磁気センサ部21を固定したハウジング3とを有する回転角度検出装置を示す。磁石回転子1の回転軸は点Oを通り紙面に垂直な軸である。センサデバイス2a(固定層磁化方向が直交する2つのスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子のブリッジ回路を搭載)によって磁石回転子1におけるリング状永久磁石1aの回転角度を検出することができる。
(1)原理
有限軸長の磁石回転子から発生する磁束密度の振幅は、半径方向と回転方向とで異なる。半径方向の磁束密度成分をBr、回転方向の磁束密度成分をBθ、半径方向の磁束密度の振幅をB⊥、回転方向の磁束密度の振幅をB//とし、B⊥/B//= K'とする。ここで、高調波成分は省略して考える。磁石回転子直横における、磁石回転子の電気角θeに対する磁束密度Br及びBθの方向成分は、それぞれの式(7)及び式(8)の通りになる。
Bγ = B⊥cosθe = K'・B//cosθe 式(7)
Bθ = B//sinθe 式(8)
θmag = tan-1{B//sinθe/(K'・B//cosθe)} = tan-1{sinθe/(K'・cosθe)} 式(9)
Vx = cosθmag 式(10)
Vy・k=ksinθmag 式(11)
tanθmeas = Vy・k/Vx = ksinθmag/cosθmag= ktanθmag = ktan[tan-1{sinθe/(K'・cosθe)}] 式(12)
tanθmeas = ksinθe/(K'・cosθe) = (k/K')tanθe 式(13)
θmeas = tan-1{(k/K')tanθe} 式(14)
修正係数kは3つの方法により求めることができる。
(i)磁石の形状及び実測より決定したK'値を用いる方法
磁石の回転に伴い磁石回転子の周辺で検出される磁束密度は、磁石の種類及び形状によって一義的に決定される。そのため、設計段階で磁石の種類及び形状、センサの位置及び設置角度を決定すれば、センサブリッジの感磁面内で直交する2つの磁束密度成分の振幅比K'は決定する。従って、シミュレーションや実測によりK'求め、この値を修正係数kとして用いる。
所定の位置にセンサを設置し、磁石回転子を一定速度で回転させた場合、センサデバイスの出力波形は周期関数となる。磁石回転子から発生する磁束密度が正弦波状であっても、感磁面内で直交する磁束密度の振幅比が異なるため、センサ出力は高調波を含んだ波形となる。センサブリッジからの出力をフーリエ展開すると、下記の式(1-1)及び式(1-2)で表される。
Vx = a1cosθmag+ a3cos3θmag + a5cos5θmag + … 式(1-1)
Vy = b1sinθmag+ b3sin3θmag + b5sin5θmag + … 式(1-2)
k' = (a1 - a3)/(b1 + b3) 式(2)
この振幅調整比率k'を修正係数kとして用いる。
振幅調整比率k'は、式(1-1)及び式(1-2)のセンサブリッジの出力電圧の出力振幅を正規化したVx及びVyの基本波成分と3次高調波成分とから求めた値であり、Vx出力の基本波フーリエ係数をa1、3次高調波フーリエ係数をa3、Vy出力の基本波フーリエ係数をb1、3次高調波フーリエ係数をb3として式(2)で求めることができる。この振幅調整比率k'は磁束密度の振幅比K'に等しい値である。以下のその証明を行う。
tanθ' = y0/(K'x0) 式(15-1)
tanθ = y0/x0 式(15-2)
cosθ' = K'x0/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2 式(16-1)
cosθ = x0/(x0 2+y0 2)1/2 式(16-2)
sinθ' = y0/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2 式(16-3)
sinθ = y0/(x0 2+y0 2)1/2 式(16-4)
cosθ' = K'x0/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2
= {K'x0/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2}・{(x0 2+y0 2)1/2/(x0 2+y0 2)1/2}
= {K'(x0 2+y0 2)1/2/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2}・{x0/(x0 2+y0 2)1/2}
= {K'(x0 2+y0 2)1/2/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2}・cosθ 式(17)
sinθ' = {(x0 2+y0 2)1/2/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2}・sinθ 式(18)
(x0 2+y0 2)1/2/(K'2x0 2+y0 2)1/2= C 式(19)
Vx = a1cosθmag+ a3cos3θmag + a5cos5θmag + … 式(20)
Vy = b1sinθmag+ b3sin3θmag + b5sin5θmag + … 式(21)
Csinθ(sinθ + sin3θ) = Csinθ(sinθ + 3sinθ - 4sin3θ)
= Csinθ・4(sinθ - sin3θ)
= 4Csin2θ(1 - sin2θ)
= 4Csin2θcos2θ 式(24)
Ccosθ(cosθ + cos3θ) = Ccosθ{cosθ - (4cos3θ - 3cosθ)}
= Ccosθ・4(cosθ - cos3θ)
= 4Ccos2θ(1 - cos2θ)
= 4Ccos2θsin2θ 式(25)
(a1- a3)/(b1 + b3) = K' = k' 式(26)
k = (|a1| - |a3|)/(|b1| + |b3|) 式(27)
Vx = c1sinθmag+ c3sin3θmag + c5sin5θmag + … 式(28)
Vy = d1cosθmag+ d3cos3θmag + d5cos5θmag + … 式(29)
k = (c1 + c3)/(d1- d3) 式(30)
修正係数kとして任意の値を2点以上(好ましくは3点以上)設定し、それぞれの値を実際に出力電圧値に乗算して機械角を算出し、実際の磁石回転子の機械角と比較して機械角誤差を求め、その各点の結果から最適な修正係数kを得る。このとき仮に設定した2点以上のk値とそれに対する機械角誤差との関係は適当な近似式(例えば、直線近似)を用いて最小自乗法で求めるのが好ましい。例えば、図28に示すように仮に設定した5点の修正係数(k1= 1.5、k2 = 1.6、k3 = 1.7、k4 = 1.8及びk5= 1.9)を用いて機械角誤差を求め、横軸に修正係数kの値、縦軸に機械角誤差の値を取ってグラフ化し、各々の測定値に近接する直線を引くことで機械角誤差が0 deg.となる修正係数kを求めることができる。図28に示す場合は、k = 1.7のとき機械角誤差が0 deg.となる。
(i) 修正係数kの算出
修正係数kは、例えば図3の概念図に示す方法により算出することができる。磁石回転子近傍の所望の位置に設置したセンサデバイス32によって磁石回転子31aの回転に伴う磁束の向きを検知し、センサブリッジからの出力電圧(Vx, Vy)をオシロスコープ27bで測定する。得られた測定値をパーソナルコンピューター28bに取り込み、電気角1周期のフーリエ演算により、前記式(1-1)、式(1-2)及び式(2)を用いてk'を算出する。この方法は、センサデバイス32取り付け後に補正が可能であるため、取り付け位置のずれによる機械角誤差の増加を抑制することができ、実用上便利な手法である。通常、修正係数kはこのk'そのものの値を用いればよい。
回転角度検出装置の一実施形態を図4に概念的に示す。6極対磁石近傍の所望の位置に設置したセンサデバイス32によって磁石回転子31aの回転に伴う磁束の向きを検知し、センサブリッジからの出力電圧(Vx, Vy)をそれぞれA-D変換(アナログ-デジタル変換)し、変換後Vyにあらかじめ算出しておいた修正係数kを乗算し、この出力電圧(Vx、k・Vy)を角度演算部28にて逆正接演算することで角度を検出する。この方法は、電圧調整をデジタルで行えるため、前段の電子回路を単純に構成することができるうえ、A-D変換の測定レンジを最大に取ることができるものである。
回転角度検出装置の他の一実施形態を図5に概念的に示す。6極対磁石近傍の所望の位置に設置したセンサデバイス32によって磁石回転子31aの回転に伴う磁束の向きを検知し、A-D変換補正部27に入力する前にセンサブリッジの出力電圧Vxのみあらかじめ算出しておいた修正係数kで除算(すなわち、可変抵抗器を用いて分圧)して、A-D変換補正部27に入力する。これらの出力電圧(Vx/k、Vy)を角度演算部28にて逆正接演算することで角度を検出する。この方法は、検出角度と実際の回転角度を評価しながら、修正係数kを決定することができるものである。
回転角度検出装置のさらに他の一実施形態を図6に概念的に示す。6極対磁石近傍の所望の位置に設置したセンサデバイス32によって磁石回転子31aの回転に伴う磁束の向きを検知し、センサブリッジの出力電圧(Vx, Vy)の変化をそれぞれオペアンプ26a, 26bの増幅回路に入力する。その際、Vxの増幅率をAとし、Vyの増幅率をA・kとして電圧を調整する。その後、A-D変換補正部27に入力し、出力電圧(A・Vx、k・A・Vy)を角度演算部28にて逆正接演算することで角度を検出する。この方法は、センサブリッジ出力を増幅できるので、増幅部を差動にすることで、耐ノイズ性を向上できる等の利点がある。
1極対磁石回転子を用いた回転角度検出装置を作製した。磁石回転子として直径26 mm及び軸方向厚さ5 mmのNdFeB系ボンド磁石を使用し、センサデバイスは磁石外周の表面から5 mm離れた箇所に配置した。1極対磁石を用いたため、図7(a)に示すように、磁石回転子1回転(機械角360 deg.)に対して1周期のセンサブリッジ出力が得られた(電圧調整前)。この出力をフーリエ展開して前述の式(1-1)、式(1-2)及び式(2)によりk'を求めたところ、k' = 1.70であった。このk'を修正係数kとしてVyに乗算して、図7(b)に示すような出力k・Vyを得た。図7(a)及び図7(b)の出力波形をそれぞれ逆正接演算して角度誤差を評価した結果、図7(c)に示すように、電圧調整前は±15 deg.程度発生していた機械角誤差を、電圧調整を行うことで±0.5 deg.程度に低減することができた。
4極対磁石回転子を用いた回転角度検出装置を作製した。磁石回転子として、外直径40 mm、内直径34 mm及び軸方向厚さ4 mmのNdFeB系ボンド磁石を使用し、センサデバイスは磁石外周の表面から5 mm離れた箇所に配置した。4極対磁石を用いたため、図8(a)に示すように、磁石回転子1回転(機械角360 deg.)に対して4周期のセンサブリッジ出力が得られた(電圧調整前)。この出力の電気角1周期(機械角で90 deg.)をフーリエ展開して実施例1と同様にしてk'を求めたところ、k' = 1.67であった。このk'を修正係数kとしてVyに乗算して図8(b)に示すような出力k・Vyを得た。図8(a)及び図8(b)の出力波形をそれぞれ逆正接演算して角度誤差を評価した結果、図8(c)に示すように、電圧調整前は±3.5 deg.程度発生していた機械角誤差を、電圧調整を行うことで±0.4 deg.程度に低減することができた。
8極対磁石回転子を用いた回転角度検出装置を作製した。磁石回転子として、外直径120 mm、内直径112 mm及び軸方向厚さ6 mmのNdFeB系ボンド磁石を使用し、センサデバイスは磁石外周の表面から6 mm離れた箇所に配置した。8極対磁石を用いたため、図9(a)に示すように、磁石回転子1回転(機械角360 deg.)に対して8周期のセンサブリッジ出力が得られた(電圧調整前)。この出力の電気角1周期(機械角で45 deg.)をフーリエ展開して実施例1と同様にしてk'を求めたところ、k' = 1.67であった。このk'を修正係数kとしてVyに乗算して図9(b)に示すような出力k・Vyを得た。図9(a)及び図9(b)の出力波形をそれぞれ逆正接演算して角度誤差を評価した結果、図9(c)に示すように、電圧調整前は±1.8 deg.程度発生していた機械角誤差を、電圧調整を行うことで±0.2 deg.程度に低減することができた。
極対数Nが1, 4及び8の磁石回転子を備えた本発明の回転角度検出装置において、修正係数kを変化させたときの機械角誤差の計算結果を図10に示す。ここで、センサブリッジ感磁面の位置における直交する磁束密度の振幅比K'を1.70とした。いずれの極対数の磁石回転子においても、修正係数kを磁束密度振幅比K'と等しくすることで機械角誤差は最小となった。極対数Nを増加すると、機械角誤差が1/Nになるため、修正係数kのずれによる誤差の増加は抑制される。例えば、機械角誤差の絶対値を5 deg.以下にする必要がある場合、許容される修正係数kのずれは±0.3N(Nは磁石回転子の極対数)程度であるので、k = K'±0.3Nの範囲にすることが好ましい。kの値は、k = K'±0.2Nの範囲であるのがさらに好ましく、k = K'±0.1Nの範囲であるのが最も好まし。さらに、機械角誤差の絶対値を1 deg.以下にする必要がある場合、許容される修正係数kのずれは±0.06N(Nは磁石回転子の極対数)程度となる。この許容量が大きいほど、工業的に利用しやすいと言える。さらに、機械角誤差の絶対値を0.5 deg.以下にするには、許容される修正係数kのずれは±0.03Nとなる。また、磁束密度振幅比K'を1.4及び1.7のそれぞれの場合の、修正係数kに対する電気角誤差の計算結果を図11に示す。角度誤差は磁束密度振幅比K'を1.7としたときも1.4としたときもほぼ同様の範囲となった。
6極対磁石回転子(外直径50 mm、内直径45 mm及び軸方向厚み4 mmのNdFeB系ボンド磁石)における磁石半径方向の磁束密度振幅B⊥、回転方向の磁束密度振幅B//、及び両者から求めた磁束密度振幅比K'の測定位置依存性を評価した。磁石回転子外周表面の磁石厚み方向中央部を基準位置とし、x軸方向(回転軸と垂直な方向)にr1ずらした位置におけるB⊥、B//及びK'の測定結果を図12に示す。磁石回転子から発生する磁束密度振幅はB⊥が大きく、磁束密度振幅比K'は測定範囲内において1.4~1.9であった。
実施例3の回転角度検出装置を適用した回転機を図16に模式的に示す。この回転機はモータであり、フレーム73c内には、中心軸としてシャフト71bを有する12極の永久磁石のロータ71aと、フレーム73cの内周面に固定したステータ用コイル73b付きステータ73aとを有する。シャフト71bはベアリング(図示省略)を介してフレーム73cに回転自在に支持されている。磁石回転子71cは、前記ロータ71aに隣り合うようにシャフト71bに同軸に設け、センサデバイス72aは支持部72dを介して、前記磁石回転子71cの直横に配置されるようにフレーム73cに固定した。前記磁石回転子71cから印加される磁束の向きを前記センサデバイス72aで検知し、その出力を演算回路72cで処理し、磁石回転子71cの回転角度を出力した。
2極に着磁された磁石回転子の円板状磁石11の外周に、図17(a)及び図17(b)に示すようにセンサデバイス2bを配置した回転角度検出装置を作製した。ここでは円板状磁石11の中心Oを原点とし、回転軸をZ軸とした円柱座標系を用いて説明する。円板状磁石11は直径2ro= 26 mm、軸方向厚さt = 8 mmであり、中心部分にシャフト11cを有していた。センサデバイス2bは、前述のセンサデバイス2aと同等のものを使用し、中心Oを通り回転軸線に垂直な平面上(つまり、z = 0)に感磁面の中心が位置するように配置した。Z軸からセンサデバイス2bの中心までの距離(ro+r1)は23 mmであった。センサデバイス2bの感磁面は回転軸の方向に向けた(すなわち、φ = 0 deg.及びχ = 0 deg.とした)。回転自在に設置した磁石回転子の円板状磁石11をセンサデバイス2bに対して回転させたところ、図17(c)に示すようにセンサデバイス2bの出力電圧は正弦波とはならず、センサブリッジA01(半径方向)の出力はほぼ台形波となり、センサブリッジB01(回転方向)の出力はほぼ三角波となった。演算回路で出力電圧に修正係数kを乗算する処理は行っていない。その結果、図17(d)に示すように、逆正接演算信号は直線とはならず、±20 deg.程度という非常に大きな電気角の誤差が発生した。
図18(a)及び図18(b)に示すように、センサデバイス2bの感磁面を55°傾けた(χ = 55 deg.)以外は比較例1と同様にして回転角度検出装置を作製した。この回転角度検出装置の回転角度特性を比較例1と同様にして測定したところ、図18(c)及び図18(d)に示すように、各センサブリッジからの出力はほぼ余弦波及びほぼ正弦波となり、角度誤差は±4 deg.程度であった。センサデバイスを傾斜させ、出力波形の高調波成分を減少させることで、比較例1に対して大きな角度検出精度の改善が見られ、修正係数kを用いずに角度誤差を低減できることがわかった。
図19(a)及び図19(b)に示すように、センサデバイス2bを回転軸方向にh = 15 mm移動して設置した以外は比較例1と同様にして回転角度検出装置を作製した。回転軸(z軸)からセンサデバイス2bの中心(感磁面の中心)までの距離(ro+r1)は23 mmであった。この回転角度検出装置の回転角度特性を比較例1と同様にして測定したところ、図19(c)及び図19(d)に示すように、わずかに角度誤差が発生したが、比較例1に対して格段に角度誤差を抑制することができた。この回転角度検出装置のセンサ配置角φは約33 deg.であり、最適センサ配置角φbestからは2 deg.以上ずれているため、わずかに角度誤差が発生したと考えられる。この回転角度検出装置をモータに適用したところ、回転角度を高精度に検出することができた。センサデバイスをz方向にずらし、出力波形の高調波成分を減少させることで、修正係数kを用いずに角度誤差を低減できることがわかった。
多極のリング磁石21の外周に、図20(a)及び図20(b)に示すようにセンサデバイス2bを配置した回転角度検出装置を作製した。リング磁石21は、外周面に12極の磁極を有し、内径 = 22.5 mm、外径 = 25 mm及び軸方向厚みt = 4 mmであった。リング磁石21の内周面側には、リング状軟磁性体ヨークを有し、その貫通孔にシャフトを固定した。リング状軟磁性体ヨーク及びシャフトは図示を省略した。リング磁石21外周からセンサデバイス2b中心までの距離は約3 mmであり、センサデバイス2bはセンサ傾斜角χ = 0 deg.で配置した。リング磁石21は12極着磁であるため、機械角で360 deg.回転すると6周期の出力が得られた。つまり機械角が60 deg.で電気角の1周期となる。演算回路で出力電圧に修正係数kを乗算する処理は行っていない。この回転角度検出装置(χ = 0 deg.)の場合、歪み具合に差はあるが、比較例1の回転角度検出装置と同様、センサブリッジA01(半径方向)の出力がほぼ台形波となり、センサブリッジB01(回転方向)の出力がほぼ三角波となった(図20(c)を参照)。その結果、図20(d)及び図20(e)に示すように、電気角1周期あたりの角度誤差は±10 deg.以上と非常に大きな値であった。
図21(a)及び図21(b)に示すように、センサデバイス2bをセンサ傾斜角χ = 55 deg.で配置した以外、比較例2と同様にして回転角度検出装置を構成した。この回転角度検出装置においては、各センサブリッジからの出力は、図21(c)に示すようにほぼ正弦波及びほぼ余弦波であり、電気角の角度誤差は、図21(d)及び図21(e)に示すように±3 deg.程度となり、比較例2に比べて大きな角度誤差の改善が見られた。この回転角度検出装置をモータに適用したところ、回転角度を高精度に検出することができた。
図22(a)及び図22(b)に示すように、回転軸からセンサデバイス2bの中心(感磁面の中心)までの距離rsが24 mm、回転軸方向への移動距離h = 4 mmの位置にセンサデバイス2bを設置し、センサ傾斜角χ = 24.6 deg.に傾けた以外、比較例2と同様にして回転角度検出装置を構成した。この回転角度検出装置をモータに適用したところ、回転角度を高精度に検出することができた。
比較例1、参考例1、参考例2及び実施例6のセンサデバイスを、それぞれセンサデバイス2b1、2b2、2b3及び2b4とし、それらの位置関係がわかるように図23に重ねて示す。ここで磁石回転子の2極の円板状磁石11は共通する。前述のように、センサデバイスの配置を、比較例1(センサデバイス2b1)から参考例1又は2(センサデバイス2b2又は2b3)のように変更すると角度誤差を低減することができたが、センサデバイスを傾斜させたり、z方向に大きくずらしたりすることが、回転角度検出装置を軸方向に薄型化するうえで不利な場合がある。そこで、センサデバイスのz方向距離hを小さくし、感磁面を磁石回転子の軸に直交させたセンサデバイス2b4を有する回転角度検出装置(実施例6)を作製し、前述の振幅補正方法1の手法を適用して回転角度検出を行った。参考例1又は2の配置(センサデバイス2b2又は2b3)から実施例6の位置(センサデバイス2b4)にセンサデバイスずらすと角度誤差は大きくなったが、さらに演算回路で出力電圧に修正係数kを乗算する処理を行うことにより、参考例1又は2に比べても実施例6は角度誤差を小さくすることができた。なお、実施例6は、参考例1又は2と同様に出力波形の高調波成分を減少させることにより角度誤差を低減している。
比較例2、参考例3、参考例4、実施例7及び実施例8のセンサデバイスを、それぞれセンサデバイス2b11、2b12、2b13、2b14及び2b15とし、それらの位置関係がわかるように図24に重ねて示す。ここで磁石回転子の12極のリング磁石21は共通する。前述のように、センサデバイスの配置を比較例2(センサデバイス2b11)から参考例3又は4(センサデバイス2b12又は2b13)のように変更すると、角度誤差を低減することができたが、参考例3又は4のようにセンサデバイスを配置するためには、その傾斜面が軸方向に突出した取付用部品が必要となるため、回転角度検出装置を軸方向に薄型化するうえで不利な場合がある。そこで、センサデバイスの感磁面を磁石回転子の軸に直交させた、実施例7又は8(鎖線で表示したセンサデバイス2b14又はセンサデバイス2b15)の回転角度検出装置を作製し、前述の振幅補正方法1の手法を適用して回転角度検出を行った。参考例3又は4の配置(センサデバイス2b12又は2b13)から実施例7又は8の位置(センサデバイス2b14又は2b15)にセンサデバイスずらすと角度誤差は大きくなったが、さらに演算回路で出力電圧に修正係数kを乗算する処理を行うことにより、参考例3又は4に比べても実施例7又は8の角度誤差を小さくすることができた。
Claims (19)
- 2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを用いて回転角度を検出する回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスで得られる半径方向及び回転方向の2つの出力電圧値の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算し、修正した2つの出力電圧値から回転角度を算出することにより、回転角度の検出精度を高めていることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを備える回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスは、複数のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子(固定層と自由層を有し、固定層磁化方向が固定されており、自由層磁化方向が磁束の向きに応じて回転する磁気抵抗素子)で構成された感磁面を有し、互いに固定層磁化方向が直交するセンサブリッジA01とセンサブリッジB01とを内蔵し、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01は、それぞれ前記スピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子のブリッジ回路であり、
前記ブリッジ回路は、それぞれ電気的に隣り合う辺のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層磁化方向が反平行であり、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01のそれぞれに電圧を印加することにより、前記固定層磁化方向と前記自由層磁化方向とのなす角度に応じた出力電圧を得て、
前記出力電圧の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算して得られた2つの出力を基にして角度信号を得ることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記センサデバイスが複数のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子(固定層と自由層を有し、固定層磁化方向が直交する2方向で固定されており、自由層磁化方向が磁束の向きに応じて回転する磁気抵抗素子)で構成された感磁面を有し、
前記修正係数が、前記センサデバイスを設けた位置における半径方向の磁束密度の最大値と回転方向の磁束密度の最大値との比を反映した値であることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記センサデバイスを設けた位置での、半径方向の磁束密度の振幅B⊥と回転方向の磁束密度の振幅B//との比B⊥/B//= K'とした場合、前記修正後の半径方向の出力電圧値のピーク値と回転方向の出力電圧値のピーク値との比Kが、K = K'±0.3Nの範囲であることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを用いて回転角度を検出する回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスで得られる半径方向及び回転方向の2つの出力電圧値の出力波形の少なくとも一方の振幅値に修正係数を乗算し、修正した2つの出力波形から回転角度を算出することにより、回転角度の検出精度を高めていることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 請求項5に記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記センサデバイスが複数のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子(固定層と自由層を有し、固定層磁化方向が直交する2方向で固定されており、自由層磁化方向が磁束の向きに応じて回転する磁気抵抗素子)で構成された感磁面を有し、
前記修正係数が、前記センサデバイスを設けた位置で半径方向及び回転方向の2方向の磁束密度の波形を取ったときの、それぞれの最大振幅の比を反映した値であることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 請求項5又6に記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記センサデバイスを設けた位置での、半径方向の磁束密度の振幅B⊥と回転方向の磁束密度の振幅B//との比B⊥/B//= K'とした場合、前記修正後の半径方向の出力波形のピーク値と回転方向の出力波形のピーク値との比Kが、K = K'±0.3Nの範囲の値であることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である。)と、前記磁石回転子からの磁束の向きを検知するセンサデバイスとを備える回転角度検出装置であって、
前記センサデバイスは、複数のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子(固定層と自由層を有し、固定層磁化方向が固定されており、自由層磁化方向が磁束の向きに応じて回転する磁気抵抗素子)で構成された感磁面を有し、互いに固定層磁化方向が直交するセンサブリッジA01とセンサブリッジB01とを内蔵し、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01は、それぞれ前記スピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子のブリッジ回路であり、
前記ブリッジ回路は、それぞれ電気的に隣り合う辺のスピンバルブ型巨大磁気抵抗効果素子の固定層磁化方向が反平行であり、
前記センサブリッジA01及びB01のそれぞれに電圧を印加することにより、前記固定層磁化方向と前記自由層磁化方向とのなす角度に応じた出力電圧(Vx、Vy)を得て、
前記出力電圧の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算して角度信号を得ることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。
[ただし、Vxは前記磁石回転子の半径方向に固定層磁化方向を向けたセンサブリッジA01の出力電圧、
Vyは前記磁石回転子の回転方向に固定層磁化方向を向けたセンサブリッジB01の出力電圧であり、
修正係数は、Vx及びVyのそれぞれについて、電気角1周期をフーリエ展開した下記の式(1-1)及び式(1-2)におけるa1、a3、b1及びb3の数値を元に算出した値である。
Vx = a1cosθmag + a3cos3θmag+ a5cos5θmag + … 式(1-1)
Vy = b1sinθmag + b3sin3θmag+ b5sin5θmag + … 式(1-2)] - 請求項8に記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記修正係数としてkを用いることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。
[ただし、修正係数kは、k = k'±0.3N{Nは磁石回転子の極対数であり、k'は前記式(1-1)及び式(1-2)におけるa1、a3、b1及びb3の数値により、式(2):k' = (a1 - a3)/(b1 + b3)で表される値である。}の範囲の値である。] - 請求項1~9に記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記センサデバイスが、半径方向の磁束密度の最大値と回転方向の磁束密度の最大値とが異なる値を示す位置に設けられていることを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 請求項1~10に記載の回転角度検出装置において、
前記センサデバイスの感磁面の中心が、前記磁石回転子の軸方向厚み中心点を通りかつ回転軸に垂直な平面上に位置することを特徴とする回転角度検出装置。 - 請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の回転角度検出装置を搭載することを特徴とする回転機。
- 2N極磁石を有する磁石回転子(Nは自然数である)の回転角度を検出する回転角度検出方法であって、
センサデバイスによって前記磁石回転子の半径方向及び回転方向の磁束の周期変動を出力電圧(Vx、Vy)として測定し、
前記出力電圧の少なくとも一方に修正係数を乗算して、前記磁石回転子の回転角度θmeasを求めることを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。 - 請求項13に記載の回転角度検出方法において、
前記センサデバイスを設けた位置での、半径方向の磁束密度の振幅B⊥と回転方向の磁束密度の振幅B//との比B⊥/B//= K'とした場合、前記修正後の半径方向の出力電圧値のピーク値と回転方向の出力電圧値のピーク値との比Kが、K = K'±0.3Nの範囲であることを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。 - 請求項13又は14に記載の回転角度検出方法において、
前記修正係数としてk値を用い、前記磁石回転子の回転角度θmeasを式(3)又は式(4)から求めることを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。
θmeas = tan-1(Vx/(Vy・k)) 式(3) (回転方向の交流電力が小さい場合)
θmeas = tan-1((Vx・k)/Vy)) 式(4) (半径方向の交流電力が小さい場合) - 請求項15に記載の回転角度検出方法において、
前記修正係数k値は、センサデバイスを設けた位置で、半径方向の磁束密度の振幅B⊥と回転方向の磁束密度の振幅B//とを測定し、その振幅比B⊥/B//= K'を基に算出することを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。 - 請求項16に記載の回転角度検出方法において、
前記修正係数k値は、前記出力電圧(Vx、Vy)のそれぞれについて、電気角1周期をフーリエ展開した式(5-1)及び式(5-2)におけるa1、a3、b1及びb3の数値を元に算出した値とすることを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。
Vx = a1cosθmag + a3cos3θmag+ a5cos5θmag + … 式(5-1)
Vy = b1sinθmag + b3sin3θmag+ b5sin5θmag + … 式(5-2) - 請求項17に記載の回転角度検出方法において、
前記修正係数kは、前記a1、a3、b1及びb3の数値を用いて下記式(6)から求めたk'を基に算出することを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。
k' = (a1 - a3)/(b1 + b3) 式(6) - 請求項18に記載の回転角度検出方法において、
前記修正係数kとして、k = k'±0.3N{Nは磁石回転子の極対数であり、k'は前記式(6)で求められる値である。}の範囲の値を用いることを特徴とする回転角度検出方法。
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| US (1) | US8564283B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2244070A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5120384B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101426877B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101939623B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009099054A1 (ja) |
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| US20120176070A1 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2012-07-12 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for analyzing signals from an angle sensor |
| US9080896B2 (en) * | 2009-09-24 | 2015-07-14 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Method for analyzing signals from an angle sensor |
| JP2016020926A (ja) * | 2009-12-04 | 2016-02-04 | ヒルシュマン オートモーティヴ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングHirschmann Automotive GmbH | エレメントの運動を検出するように構成されたセンサ装置 |
| US8810237B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2014-08-19 | Showa Corporation | Relative angle detection device, rotation angle detection device, relative angle detection method, and rotation angle detection method |
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| CN102297653B (zh) * | 2010-06-23 | 2016-04-06 | 大隈株式会社 | 旋转角度检测装置 |
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| KR20130124147A (ko) * | 2010-09-29 | 2013-11-13 | 무빙 마그네트 테크놀로지스 | 개선된 위치 센서 |
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| KR101863798B1 (ko) * | 2010-09-29 | 2018-06-01 | 무빙 마그네트 테크놀로지스 | 개선된 위치 센서 |
| CN102893131A (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2013-01-23 | 移动磁体技术公司 | 改进的位置传感器 |
| EP2622310B2 (fr) † | 2010-09-29 | 2018-12-05 | Moving Magnet Technologies | Capteur de position amélioré |
| EP2622310B1 (fr) | 2010-09-29 | 2015-10-07 | Moving Magnet Technologies | Capteur de position amélioré |
| CN102893131B (zh) * | 2010-09-29 | 2016-07-13 | 移动磁体技术公司 | 改进的位置传感器 |
| JP2012112897A (ja) * | 2010-11-26 | 2012-06-14 | Nsk Ltd | 回転角度位置検出装置及びこれを使用したセンサ付き転がり軸受 |
| DE112012005322B4 (de) | 2011-12-20 | 2022-02-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Drehwinkel-Detektiervorrichtung |
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| JP2017121180A (ja) * | 2012-04-26 | 2017-07-06 | アスモ株式会社 | モータ |
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| JP7381851B2 (ja) | 2019-09-30 | 2023-11-16 | 日亜化学工業株式会社 | 円筒状ボンド磁石の製造方法、円筒状ボンド磁石成形用金型、および円筒状ボンド磁石 |
| JP2020115745A (ja) * | 2020-04-30 | 2020-07-30 | 株式会社ミツバ | モータ装置 |
| CN115451806A (zh) * | 2022-08-15 | 2022-12-09 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种孔位垂直度检测装置及检测方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2009099054A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
| JP5120384B2 (ja) | 2013-01-16 |
| US8564283B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 |
| KR101426877B1 (ko) | 2014-08-05 |
| EP2244070A1 (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| CN101939623B (zh) | 2013-10-09 |
| EP2244070A4 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
| CN101939623A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
| KR20100126273A (ko) | 2010-12-01 |
| US20100321008A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
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