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WO2009094925A1 - Pile à combustible microbienne à cathode à air comportant une chicane - Google Patents

Pile à combustible microbienne à cathode à air comportant une chicane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009094925A1
WO2009094925A1 PCT/CN2009/070168 CN2009070168W WO2009094925A1 WO 2009094925 A1 WO2009094925 A1 WO 2009094925A1 CN 2009070168 W CN2009070168 W CN 2009070168W WO 2009094925 A1 WO2009094925 A1 WO 2009094925A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
baffle
air cathode
plastic
sealing cover
graphite
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2009/070168
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Yujie Feng
He Li
Xin Wang
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Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
Original Assignee
Harbin Institute of Technology
Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen
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Publication of WO2009094925A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009094925A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/16—Biochemical fuel cells, i.e. cells in which microorganisms function as catalysts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/96—Carbon-based electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microbial fuel cell.
  • Microbial fuel cells are a new type of device that uses biomass and microorganisms for electrical energy production. As an important part of the battery, the anode and cathode have gained a lot of attention. From the appearance to the development and improvement of materials, it has become one of the main means to improve output energy. Microbial fuel cells generally consist of a double chamber, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber, in a ' ⁇ ' type, separated by a cation exchange membrane such as Nafion or Ultrex, or separated by a common salt bridge. The dissolved oxygen is used as an electron acceptor, and the contact area is small.
  • a cation exchange membrane such as Nafion or Ultrex
  • Single-chamber microbial fuel cells better overcome these shortcomings.
  • Single-chamber MFC uses air as the cathode, sufficient oxygen supply and automatic replenishment, reducing mass transfer internal resistance, reducing energy consumption, and increasing energy output power and coulombic efficiency.
  • the anode development for this type of MFC is mainly focused on the exploration of anode materials and structures. From the initial carbon paper, to the development of graphite carbon sheets, activated carbon and other reactors with different structures, which greatly promoted the microorganisms. Research and development of fuel cells.
  • the energy density has also evolved from the initial 19mW/m2 to the current 1596mW/m2 with continuous improvement and optimization of the electrode and reactor configurations.
  • the anode material has a single type and structure, and the microbial biomass is small, which limits the generation of energy.
  • the internal resistance is large and the energy density is very low.
  • the type of wastewater that can be used as a substrate is relatively simple, the concentration is low, and the load is small, which is not conducive to practical production.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the existing microbial fuel cell anode multi-turn carbon paper or carbon cloth, single structure
  • a baffled air cathode microbial fuel cell is provided.
  • the object of the invention is to solve the problem that the existing microbial fuel cell anode carbon paper or carbon cloth has a single structure, a large internal resistance and a low energy density, and the type of wastewater that can be treated is relatively simple, the load is low, and it is difficult to be practically applied.
  • the disadvantage is that a baffle air cathode microbial fuel cell is provided.
  • the invention comprises a casing 1, a first three-dimensional anode, a first air cathode 3, a first plastic baffle 7, a sealing cover 10 and a solution 17, and the sealing cover 10 is provided with a first sample opening 5, the casing 1
  • a water inlet 14 is disposed on one side of the upper portion of the side wall, and a water outlet 15 is disposed on the other side of the upper portion of the side wall of the casing 1.
  • the top of the casing 1 is provided with a sealing cover 10, and the casing 1 is sealed with the sealing cover 10.
  • the first air cathode 3 is disposed between the sealing cover 10 and the casing 1, and the upper end of the first air cathode 3 is fixedly connected with the sealing cover 10 and In the atmosphere, the lower end of the first air cathode 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the casing 1 and communicates with the atmosphere.
  • the first air cathode 3 is composed of a first cylindrical plastic substrate 11 covered with carbon cloth on the surface, and is covered on the surface.
  • the first cylindrical plastic base 11 of the carbon cloth is provided with a first through hole 13 , and the first plastic baffle 7 is disposed on one side of the first air cathode 3 , and the upper end of the first plastic baffle 7 and the sealing cover
  • the bottom surface of the 10 is fixedly connected, and the lower portion of the first plastic baffle 7 is provided
  • the first baffle angle plate 8, the first baffle angle plate 8 and the first plastic baffle plate 7 have a folding angle of 35 ° ⁇ 55 °
  • the first three-dimensional anode is composed of the first activated carbon 9 and the first graphite baffle 6 composition
  • the first graphite baffle 6 is disposed on the other side of the first air cathode 3
  • the lower end of the first graphite baffle 6 is fixedly connected with the bottom inner wall of the casing 1
  • the upper end of the first graphite baffle 6 and the sealing cover A gap of 0.5 to 3 cm is left between 10, and the first activated carbon 9 is disposed between the first plastic baffle 7
  • the present invention has the advantages that the three-dimensional composite anode is used instead of the carbon paper or the carbon cloth, and the amount of attachment of the living body is effectively increased, thereby increasing the energy of the output.
  • This anode structure eliminates the need for an external electron collector.
  • the graphite baffle that directs the flow of water can collect and conduct electrons in the solution, reducing the components, saving reactor space, increasing the electron receiving area, and increasing the energy density.
  • the first air cathode of the present invention uses a cylindrical plastic substrate covered with a carbon cloth carrying a catalyst such as Pt, Co, Ni (requires water repellent treatment, and uniformly applies the PTFE solution on the catalyst-free side, at 300 to 500 Bake for 20 to 60 minutes)
  • the oxidation reaction of the cathode of the fuel cell is completed by using the naturally occurring air inside the cathode substrate as the electron acceptor of the cathode.
  • the invention has a cathode built in the anode chamber, which increases the contact area, reduces the electrode spacing, effectively reduces the internal resistance of the reactor, and greatly increases the power density.
  • the invention reduces the internal resistance of the reactor, so that the physical internal resistance is only 5.43 ohms; the limitation of the sewage treatment amount and the treatment concentration is solved, and the maximum influent COD load is 15-20 kg/(m 3 « d), the influent concentration can reach 1500 ⁇ 3000mg/LCOD, and the HRT can be shortened to 0.5 ⁇ 1.5h. It has good characteristics of resistance to hydraulic shock, concentration shock resistance and load shock resistance.
  • the use of a baffle to guide the flow of water through the reactor in a combination of push-flow and up-flow modes breaks through the type and concentration of wastewater from microbial fuel cells.
  • the limitation of the wastewater greatly improves the treatment efficiency of the wastewater, and realizes a wastewater treatment type microbial fuel cell that integrates the refractory organic wastewater with the production capacity; the power density of the reactor is greatly improved due to the utilization of the built-in cathode and the three-dimensional composite anode.
  • the maximum power density can reach 20 ⁇ 25W/m3, making the microbial fuel cell more conducive to practical engineering applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the internal resistance of the AC impedance measurement
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the load voltage of the domestic sewage as a substrate
  • FIG. 4 is a substrate power density of the domestic sewage.
  • FIG. 5 is the polarization curve of glucose wastewater as substrate with HRT
  • Figure 6 is the average voltage curve of glucose wastewater as substrate
  • Figure 7 is the concentration-interturn diagram of COD in and out of water
  • the high column filled with black dots indicates the concentration of COD in 72 small inflows
  • the high column filled with mesh indicates the concentration of COD in 144 small inflows
  • the unfilled high column is 216 small intrusions
  • the short column filled with black dots indicates the concentration of COD in 72 small effluent
  • the short column filled with grid indicates the concentration of COD in 144 small effluent
  • the unfilled short column is 216
  • Figure 8 shows the voltage-interturn diagram of the baffled air cathode microbial fuel cell with the gas explosion orange stalk washing wastewater as the substrate
  • Figure 9 is the baffle air cathode microbial fuel cell treatment gas explosion.
  • Orange stalk washing wastewater polarization Diagram (FIG: parameter is expressed as energy curve; ⁇ represents the polarization
  • Embodiment 1 (See FIG. 1) The present embodiment is composed of a casing 1, a first three-dimensional anode, a first air cathode 3, a first plastic baffle 7, a sealing cover 10, and a solution 17, which are sealed.
  • the cover 10 is provided with a first sample opening 5, and a water inlet 14 is provided on one side of the upper portion of the side wall of the casing 1, and the other side of the upper side of the side wall of the casing 1 is provided There is a water outlet 15, a top of the box body 1 is provided with a sealing cover 10, the box body 1 is sealingly connected with the sealing cover 10, and between the sealing cover 10 and the cavity of the box body 1 is an anode chamber 4 , and the first air cathode 3 is disposed.
  • the upper end of the first air cathode 3 is fixedly connected to the sealing cover 10 and communicates with the atmosphere, and the lower end of the first air cathode 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the casing 1 and communicates with the atmosphere.
  • the first air cathode 3 is composed of a first cylindrical plastic substrate 11 covered with a carbon cloth on the surface, and the first cylindrical plastic substrate 11 covered with carbon cloth on the surface is provided with a first through hole 13 and a first plastic baffle
  • the plate 7 is disposed on one side of the first air cathode 3, the upper end of the first plastic baffle 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the sealing cover 10, and the lower portion of the first plastic baffle 7 is provided with a first baffle angle plate 8,
  • the angle between the first baffle angle plate 8 and the first plastic baffle 7 is 35° ⁇ 55°
  • the first three-dimensional anode is composed of the first activated carbon 9 and the first graphite baffle 6, the first graphite baffle 6 is disposed on the other side of the first air cathode 3, and the lower end of the first graphite baffle 6 is fixed to the bottom inner wall of the casing 1.
  • the first activated carbon 9 is disposed on the first plastic baffle 7 and the first graphite baffle outside the first air cathode 3.
  • the anode chamber 4 contains a solution 17 therein.
  • the first through hole 13 has a diameter of 1 to 3 mm.
  • the angle between the first baffle angle plate 8 and the first plastic baffle 7 is 45°.
  • Embodiment 2 (See FIG. 1) This embodiment differs from Embodiment 1 in that it adds a second three-dimensional anode, a second air cathode 23, and a second plastic baffle 27, and a second three-dimensional anode.
  • the second air cathode 23 and the second plastic baffle 27 are both disposed in parallel with the first three-dimensional anode, the first air cathode 3 and the first plastic baffle 7, and the second air cathode 23 is disposed on the sealing cover 10 and the box.
  • the upper end of the second air cathode 23 is fixedly connected to the sealing cover 10 and communicates with the atmosphere, and the lower end of the second air cathode 23 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the casing 1 and communicates with the atmosphere, and the second air cathode 23
  • the second cylindrical plastic substrate 21 is covered with a carbon cloth on the surface, and the second cylindrical plastic substrate 21 covered with carbon cloth is provided with a second through hole 33, and the second plastic baffle 27 is disposed at the second between a graphite baffle 6 and a second air cathode 23, the upper end of the second plastic baffle 27 is fixedly coupled to the bottom surface of the sealing cover 10, and the lower portion of the second plastic baffle 27 is provided with a second baffle yoke 28.
  • the second baffle angle plate 28 and the second plastic The angle between the flow plates 27 is 35° to 55°, the second three-dimensional anode is composed of the second activated carbon 29 and the second graphite baffle 26, and the second graphite baffle 26 is disposed on the second plastic baffle 27.
  • the lower end of the second graphite baffle 26 is fixedly connected to the bottom inner wall of the casing 1, and the upper end of the second graphite baffle 26 and the sealing cover 10 are left 0.5 to 3 cm.
  • the gap, the second activated carbon 29 is disposed on the first graphite baffle 6
  • a second weir-like opening 25 is provided on the sealing cover 10 on the upper side of the second graphite baffle 26.
  • the second through hole 33 has a diameter of 1 to 3 mm.
  • the angle between the second baffle angle plate 28 and the second plastic baffle 27 is 45°. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is the connection of the external circuit.
  • the advantage of the connection of the external circuit of the anode is that the graphite baffle that guides the flow of water can also collect electrons in the solution, eliminating the need for an external electronic collector, reducing the components, saving the reactor space, increasing the electron receiving area, and increasing the energy density.
  • Two cathodes are connected in parallel to form a microbial fuel cell with two anode chambers; two cathodes are connected in series, and two separate microbial fuel cells form a battery pack in series, and if necessary, can be added a few more A juxtaposed anode chamber forms a larger battery pack that together produces different electrical energy requirements.
  • EMBODIMENT 3 (See Fig. 1) This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that a return port 16 is provided in the casing 1 on the lower side of the water outlet 15. The return port 16 is for connection to the reflux means, and a part of the effluent is returned to the tank 1 through the water inlet 14 for reuse. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • Solution 17 of the present embodiment is a phosphate buffer solution of lL50 ⁇ 200mmol/L (the pH solution contains 80ml-800ml high concentration, refractory organic wastewater (COD concentration is 10000-10000)
  • Vitamin solution contains 15 ⁇ 25mg/L vitamin H, 15 ⁇ 25mg/L vitamin B2, 90-11 Omg/L vitamin B6, 40 ⁇ 60mg/L riboflavin, 40 ⁇ 60mg/L vitamin Bl, 40 per liter of water.
  • ⁇ 60mg/L nicotinic acid, 40 ⁇ 60mg/L pantothenic acid, 0.5 ⁇ 1.5mg/L vitamin B12, 40 ⁇ 60mg/LP-aminobenzoic acid and 40 ⁇ 60mg/L lipoic acid are prepared by stirring.
  • Trace element solution contains 10 ⁇ 20mg/L sodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA), 20 ⁇ 40mg/LMg S0 4 , 3 ⁇ 7mg/LMnS0 4 , 5 ⁇ 15mg/L NaCl, 0.5 ⁇ 1.5 per liter of water. Mg/LFeSO 4 »7H 2
  • COD concentration 85ml of high-concentration, refractory organic wastewater (COD concentration of 80,000mg/L)
  • 0.005mol/L of ammonium chloride 0.002mol/L of potassium chloride
  • 14ml/L of trace element liquid 14ml/L of trace element liquid
  • 5ml/L of vitamins The solution was prepared by stirring. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the high-concentration and refractory organic wastewater according to the embodiment is domestic sewage, glucose wastewater, beer wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater, food wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, papermaking wastewater, orange stalk fermentation alcohol liquid or orange stalk steam Explosive by-products. Others are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the first plastic baffle 7 (the second plastic baffle 27) and the first graphite baffle 6
  • the influent concentration was 1000 ⁇ 2000mg/L, and the change of the output energy of the reactor during the hydraulic retention time was investigated.
  • the influent flow rate was adjusted to 0.6 ml/min, 0.9 ml/min, 1.6 ml/min, and 2.5 ml/min, so that the hydraulic retention time was 6 h, 3.5 h, 2.3 h, and 1.4 h, respectively.
  • the average load voltage was found to be 640 ⁇ 650mV (see Figure 6), and there was no significant fluctuation. Under these gradients, the maximum power density value appears at 60 ohms.
  • the daily COD load is 10 ⁇ 15kg/(m 3 «d), and the treatment efficiency is 75% ⁇ 80%. Under these gradients, the C OD load can reach 15 ⁇ 20kg/(m 3 «d).
  • Embodiment 7 This embodiment is a specific embodiment of applying the baffle air cathode microbial fuel cell of the present invention to the sewage stalk washing wastewater, and the gas blasting stalk washing wastewater is collected from China's Heilongjiang City, Zhaodong City, China Resources Alcohol Co., Ltd.
  • some acidification such as formic acid, acetic acid, furfural, etc.
  • These by-products have an inhibitory effect on enzyme and microbial fermentation, which is not conducive to the production of ethanol. Therefore, the blasting of orange stalks is washed with 3-5 volumes of water to remove this inhibition.
  • the irrigated wastewater is the blasting orange stalk washing wastewater, dark brown, acidic, with a pH of 4.02 and a COD of 35850 soil 100 mg/L.
  • the pH of each stage of the liquid is as follows: The pH of the original wastewater is 4.02; the pH of the wastewater after 5 times dilution is 4.06; the pH of the wastewater + PBS is 6.32 after 5 times dilution; and the pH of the effluent is 7.22.
  • the average COD of influent water is 7160 ⁇ 50mg/L
  • the average concentration of COD in effluent is 841 ⁇ 10 mg/L
  • the average removal efficiency of COD can reach 87%.
  • the 87% COD removal rate, the high influent concentration of 7150 mg/L, and the high influent load of 24.3 kg/(m3*d) indicate that the reactor configuration can be directly applied to the treatment of high concentration, high load and high chroma acid industrial wastewater.
  • the maximum voltage of this embodiment is 190mV (as shown in Figure 8), the output current is 4mA, and the maximum energy density is 10.7W/m 3 (as shown in Figure 9).
  • the microbial fuel cell treated with this configuration not only has a good removal effect, but also outputs a high electric energy in the process.
  • the microbial fuel cell of this configuration can be directly applied to wastewater treatment, and in the process of treating wastewater, further recycling of wastewater is realized, and the energy recovery efficiency of the whole system is improved.
  • the use of baffles air cathode microbial fuel cells is also a waste The chromaticity of water has a significant removal effect.
  • baffled air cathode microbial fuel cell (BAMFC) of the present invention is compared to a conventional anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR):
  • ABR process for industrial wastewater treatment the number of cells is 8, the influent COD is 384mg/L, the influent load is 0.9-10 kg/(m 3 «d), and the COD removal rate is 70%;
  • ABR process treatment life Sewage the number of cells is 3, the influent COD is 250-900mg/L, the influent load is 2.2kg/(m 3 «d), the COD removal rate is 90%;
  • the ABR process treats glucose wastewater, the number of cells is 5
  • the influent COD is 1000-10000mg/L, the influent load is 2-20kg/(m 3 *d), and the COD removal rate ranges from 72% to 99%.
  • the above-mentioned treatment with ABR process does not generate electric energy.
  • BAMFC treats domestic sewage containing glucose, the number of cells is 2, the influent COD is 1340mg/L, the influent load is 3.5kg/(m 3 «d), the COD removal rate is 88%, and the generated electricity is 15.2. W/m 3 ; BAMFC treatment of gas explosion orange stalk water washing wastewater, the number of cells is 2, the influent COD is 7150mg / L, the influent load is 24.3kg / (m 3 «d), the COD removal rate is 87%, The generated electric energy is 10.7 W/m 3 .
  • baffle air cathode microbial fuel cell configuration suitable for actual wastewater treatment has the following advantages:
  • the proton-free exchange membrane In terms of electric energy generation, the proton-free exchange membrane, the total internal resistance of the reactor is very low, less than 14 ⁇ , which is one tenth of the internal resistance of the same reactor; the anode-anode spacing is relatively small, only 5mm; due to the filling of activated carbon The surface area of the anode is greatly increased. The strong adsorption capacity of the activated carbon causes many electro-generated microorganisms to be trapped on the surface to form a biofilm. The application of the three-dimensional anode not only increases the biomass of the system, but also increases the area of electron collection. . Each activated carbon acts as a microelectrode and is evenly dispersed in the anode compartment.
  • the generated electrons can be quickly captured by the activated carbon electrode in the shortest distance, and the electrons are prevented from staying in the solution.
  • the activated carbon uses the biofilm on its surface to rapidly transfer electrons to the adjacent activated carbon. Such transfer and acceptance one by one, the electrons are quickly transferred to the graphite carbon plate, greatly reducing the loss of electron transfer. Therefore, compared with other MFC configurations, BAMFC outputs higher power and coulombic efficiency under the same conditions.
  • the above advantages are also advantageous
  • the MFC will be further expanded in proportion to facilitate direct application to wastewater treatment.
  • the unique baffle structure increases the wastewater treatment capacity of the BAMFC configuration, and can directly treat high-concentration, high-color, high-load acidic organic industrial wastewater with good degradation efficiency (more than 85%). ) , and excellent in resistance to hydraulic shock and load shock (load up to 24.3kg / (m 3 «d), inlet flow rate up to 2.33ml / min), good removal of toxic and hazardous substances .

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une pile à combustible microbienne à cathode à air comportant une chicane. La pile à combustible comporte un boîtier (1), une anode tridimensionnelle, une première cathode à air (3), une première chicane en matière plastique (7), un couvercle étanche (10) et une solution. L'anode tridimensionnelle est constituée d'un premier charbon actif (9) et d'une première plaque de graphite (6), la première plaque de graphite (6) étant disposée sur un côté de la première cathode à air (3), la première chicane en matière plastique (7) étant disposée de l'autre côté de la cathode à air (3), et le premier charbon actif (9) est rempli dans l'espace entre la première plaque de graphite (6) et la première chicane en matière plastique (7).
PCT/CN2009/070168 2008-01-18 2009-01-16 Pile à combustible microbienne à cathode à air comportant une chicane Ceased WO2009094925A1 (fr)

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CN2008100638765A CN101227008B (zh) 2008-01-18 2008-01-18 折流板空气阴极微生物燃料电池
CN200810063876.5 2008-01-18

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US20110281139A1 (en) * 2009-01-23 2011-11-17 Tsinghua University Wastewater Treatment Process and Device for Electricity Generation and Desalination Simultaneously
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CN101916873B (zh) * 2010-08-18 2012-11-21 天津理工大学 一种圆柱型微生物燃料电池
CN102437360B (zh) * 2011-10-24 2013-11-06 沈阳建筑大学 多电极连续流无膜空气阴极微生物燃料电池装置
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CN105347516B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2018-01-23 哈尔滨工业大学 电辅助微生物强化降解高浓度制药废水处理装置及处理制药废水的方法
ES2990160T3 (es) * 2016-02-09 2024-11-29 Ariel Scient Innovations Ltd Aparato y método para envejecer el vino
CN108767264B (zh) * 2018-04-27 2021-06-22 福建农林大学 一种甲烷驱动微生物燃料电池阳极及其制备方法和应用
CN109574215B (zh) * 2018-12-16 2022-03-15 北京工业大学 一种电活性微生物主导的单室生物电化学系统强化偶氮染料去除的方法
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