WO2009093581A1 - 絶縁膜材料、この絶縁膜材料を用いた成膜方法および絶縁膜 - Google Patents
絶縁膜材料、この絶縁膜材料を用いた成膜方法および絶縁膜 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009093581A1 WO2009093581A1 PCT/JP2009/050782 JP2009050782W WO2009093581A1 WO 2009093581 A1 WO2009093581 A1 WO 2009093581A1 JP 2009050782 W JP2009050782 W JP 2009050782W WO 2009093581 A1 WO2009093581 A1 WO 2009093581A1
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- insulating film
- diffusion barrier
- copper diffusion
- film
- dielectric constant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/0805—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising only Si, C or H atoms
- C07F7/0807—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising only Si, C or H atoms comprising Si as a ring atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
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- H10P14/6681—
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- H10P14/6905—
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- H10P14/6336—
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- H10P14/6686—
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- H10P14/6922—
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- H10W20/074—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an insulating film material used when forming an insulating film useful as an interlayer insulating film of a semiconductor device, a film forming method using the insulating film material, and an insulating film. According to the present invention, an insulating film having a low dielectric constant and a copper diffusion barrier property can be obtained.
- the SiO 2 film has a relative dielectric constant of 4.1 and the SiOF film has a relative dielectric constant of 3.7, but an SiOCH film or an organic film having a lower relative dielectric constant is used.
- the relative dielectric constant of the interlayer insulating film is gradually decreasing, and research and development of a low dielectric constant interlayer insulating film having a relative dielectric constant of 2.4 or less for next-generation applications has been promoted. An interlayer insulating film having a dielectric constant lower than 2.0 has been reported.
- a copper diffusion barrier insulating film is inserted at the boundary between the copper wiring layer and the insulating film in order to prevent copper from diffusing into the insulating film.
- this copper diffusion barrier insulating film an insulating film made of silicon nitride, SiCN, or the like having excellent copper diffusion barrier properties is used, and its relative dielectric constant is as high as 4 to 7, which has a multilayer wiring structure.
- the effective relative dielectric constant of the entire insulating film is increased. For example, in a multilayer wiring structure in which an interlayer insulating film having a relative dielectric constant of about 2.5 and a copper diffusion barrier insulating film having a relative dielectric constant of about 4 are stacked, the effective relative dielectric constant is about 3.
- the dielectric constant of the copper diffusion barrier insulating film disclosed in the prior invention is as high as 3.9, and the copper diffusion barrier property is superior to the conventional copper diffusion barrier insulating film made of SiCN. There was a problem that could not be said.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain an insulating film having a copper diffusion barrier property and an extremely low relative dielectric constant.
- n is an integer of 3 to 6
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently C 2 H, C 2 H 3 , C 3 H 3 , C 3 H 5 , C 3 H 7 , Any of C 4 H 5 , C 4 H 7 , C 4 H 9 , C 5 H 7 , C 5 H 9 , and C 5 H 11 .
- [2] A film forming method for forming an insulating film by plasma CVD using the insulating film material according to [1]. [3] The film forming method according to [2], wherein a carrier gas is not accompanied during film formation. [4] An insulating film obtained by the film forming method described in [2] or [3].
- an insulating film formed by a plasma CVD method using the silicon compound represented by the chemical formula (1) as an insulating film material has a low dielectric constant and a high copper diffusion barrier property.
- the insulating film material for plasma CVD of the present invention is a silicon compound represented by the chemical formula (1), all of which are known compounds and can be obtained by a known synthesis method.
- the use of the compound represented by the chemical formula (1) as a copper diffusion barrier insulating film material has not been conventionally known.
- this silicon compound 3 to 6 —CH 2 — groups are bonded to each other to form a 3-membered or 6-membered ring structure, and carbons at both ends of the ring are bonded to silicon atoms.
- the ring structure does not contain a double bond.
- the substituents R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different from each other in one molecule.
- n X + Y (n is the chemical formula (1) It is preferable to satisfy the relationship of the number of bonds of CH 2 in terms of the low dielectric constant of the formed insulating film, the presence or absence of copper diffusion barrier properties, and the mechanical strength. More preferably, R 1 and R 2 are the same substituent.
- the compound represented by the chemical formula (1) examples include 1-1-divinyl-1-silacyclopentane and 1-1-diallyl-1-silacyclopentane.
- Examples of other silicon compounds used include 1-1-diethynyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-divinyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-di-1-propynyl-1-silacyclobutane, -1-di-2-propynyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-dipropenyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-diallyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-dipropyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1 -Diisopropyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-di-1-butynyl-1-silacyclobutane, 1-1-di-2-butynyl-1-s
- the film forming method of the present invention basically forms a film by the plasma CVD method using the insulating film material represented by the above chemical formula (1).
- one or more silicon compounds represented by the chemical formula (1) can be mixed and used.
- the mixing ratio in the case of using a mixture of one or more insulating film materials is not particularly limited, and can be determined in consideration of the relative dielectric constant of the obtained insulating film, the copper diffusion barrier property, and the like.
- a carrier gas can be added to the insulating film material made of the silicon compound represented by the chemical formula (1) to form a film. It is preferable to form the film material alone.
- the carrier gas examples include oxygen-free gases such as helium, argon, krypton, xenon and other rare gases, as well as hydrocarbons such as nitrogen, hydrogen, methane, and ethane. Absent. Two or more carrier gases can be mixed and used, and the mixing ratio including the insulating film material is not particularly limited. Therefore, the deposition gas fed into the chamber of the deposition apparatus and used for deposition may be a mixed gas in which a carrier gas is mixed in addition to a gas made of an insulating film material.
- the insulating film material and carrier gas are gaseous at normal temperature, they are used as they are. If liquid, the gas is vaporized by bubbling using an inert gas such as helium, vaporized by a vaporizer, or vaporized by heating. Used.
- the film can be formed using a parallel plate type plasma film forming apparatus as shown in FIG.
- the plasma film forming apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a chamber 1 that can be decompressed, and the chamber 1 is connected to an exhaust pump 4 via an exhaust pipe 2 and an on-off valve 3.
- the chamber 1 is provided with a pressure gauge (not shown) so that the pressure in the chamber 1 can be measured.
- a pair of flat plate-like upper electrode 5 and lower electrode 6 that are opposed to each other are provided in the chamber 1, a pair of flat plate-like upper electrode 5 and lower electrode 6 that are opposed to each other are provided.
- the upper electrode 5 is connected to a high frequency power source 7 so that a high frequency current is applied to the upper electrode 5.
- the lower electrode 6 also serves as a mounting table on which the substrate 8 is mounted.
- a heater 9 is built in the lower electrode 6 so that the substrate 8 can be heated.
- a gas supply pipe 10 is connected to the upper electrode 5.
- a film-forming gas supply source (not shown) is connected to the gas supply pipe 10, and a film-forming gas is supplied from the film-forming gas supply device, and this gas is formed in the upper electrode 5. It flows out through the through-holes while diffusing toward the lower electrode 6.
- the film forming gas supply source includes a vaporizer for vaporizing the insulating film material and a flow rate adjusting valve for adjusting the flow rate, and a supply device for supplying a carrier gas.
- the gas flows through the gas supply pipe 10 and flows out from the upper electrode 5 into the chamber 1.
- the substrate 8 is placed on the lower electrode 6 in the chamber 1 of the plasma film forming apparatus, and the film forming gas is sent into the chamber 1 from a film forming gas supply source.
- a high frequency current is applied to the upper electrode 5 from the high frequency power source 7 to generate plasma in the chamber 1.
- an insulating film generated by the gas phase chemical reaction from the film forming gas is formed on the substrate 8.
- the substrate 8 is mainly made of a silicon wafer, but other insulating films, conductive films, wiring structures, etc. may be formed on the silicon wafer in advance.
- ICP plasma in addition to the parallel plate type, ICP plasma, ECR plasma, magnetron plasma, high frequency plasma, microwave plasma, capacitively coupled plasma, inductively coupled plasma, etc. can be used. It is also possible to use a two-frequency excitation plasma that introduces a high frequency to the lower electrode.
- the film forming conditions in this plasma film forming apparatus are preferably in the following range, but are not limited thereto.
- Insulating film material flow rate 25 to 100 cc / min (In the case of 2 or more types, the total amount)
- Reaction time 1 second to 1800 seconds
- Film thickness 100 nm to 200 nm
- the insulating film of the present invention is formed by a plasma CVD reaction using a plasma film forming apparatus using the above-described insulating material for plasma CVD or a carrier gas, and has a relative dielectric constant of 2.9 to 3.5, the copper diffusion barrier property is high.
- the insulating film does not contain oxygen and is composed of silicon, hydrogen, and carbon.
- the insulating film obtained by the insulating film forming method of the present invention has excellent copper diffusion barrier properties and low dielectric constant is presumed as follows. That is, the ring structure bonded to silicon of the silicon compound that forms the insulating film material of the present invention has the lowest bonding energy of the CC portion, and is broken and opened by plasma.
- the ring-opened CH 2 cyclic structure is deposited on the substrate while being bonded to other ring-opened CH 2 cyclic structures.
- a CH 2 network structure such as Si—CH 2 —CH 2 —Si is generated, and this network structure forms an insulating film that is dense but has a low relative dielectric constant.
- the insulating film material does not contain oxygen, the copper ions constituting the conductive film are not oxidized when forming the insulating film in a plasma atmosphere, and copper ions that have a large influence on the copper diffusivity An insulating film that is less likely to generate is formed.
- the insulating film of the present invention is considered to be an insulating film having a low relative dielectric constant and a copper diffusion barrier property.
- Example 1 Formation of insulating film without using carrier gas
- a parallel plate type capacitively coupled plasma CVD apparatus was used.
- An 8-inch (diameter 200 mm) or 12-inch (diameter 300 mm) silicon wafer is transferred onto a susceptor that has been heated to about 350 ° C., and 1,1-divinyl-1-silacyclopentane is used as an insulating film material gas at 15 cc /
- the insulating film was formed by circulating at a volume flow rate of min and setting the output of the high frequency power supply for plasma generation to 180 W. At this time, the pressure in the chamber of the plasma CVD apparatus was 80 Pa.
- the silicon wafer was transferred onto a CV measuring device 495 manufactured by SSM, and the relative dielectric constant of the insulating film was measured using a mercury electrode.
- the measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the IV characteristics of the Cu electrode and the Al electrode, and shows the characteristics with a high copper diffusion barrier property. That is, in this example, the IV characteristics of the Cu electrode and the Al electrode are almost the same.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the characteristics when the copper diffusion barrier property is low. In this example, the IV characteristic due to the Cu electrode is significantly different from the IV characteristic due to the Al electrode, and the current value in the IV characteristic due to the Cu electrode is two digits or more. It is larger than the current value in the characteristics.
- the sample to be measured on which the Cu electrode was formed was placed in a vacuum probe apparatus, and the IV characteristics were measured with the CV measurement apparatus in a state where the inside of the apparatus was in a vacuum atmosphere of 0.133 Pa or less. Then, while filling the vacuum probe device with nitrogen until the pressure reached about 93 kPa and heating the stage temperature to 140 ° C. or 200 ° C., the IV characteristics were measured with the CV measuring device.
- the measurement of the IV characteristics in the sample to be measured with the Cu electrode formed above was performed in the same manner with the sample to be measured with the Al electrode formed. Due to the difference in the IV characteristics between the Cu electrode and the Al electrode, The copper diffusion barrier property of the formed insulating film was evaluated. The results are shown in FIG. In addition, a spectroscopic ellipsometry apparatus manufactured by Fibravo was used to measure the film thickness. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Formation of Insulating Film Using Carrier Gas
- the apparatus and method used for forming the insulating film are substantially the same as those in Example 1, but 1,1-divinyl-1-silacyclopentane is used as the material gas.
- the pressure in the plasma CVD apparatus chamber was 133 Pa.
- the relative dielectric constant, copper diffusion barrier property, and film thickness of the obtained insulating film were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. The evaluation result of the copper diffusion barrier property is shown in FIG.
- Example 1 Formation of Insulating Film by Material Gas Containing No CH 2 Containing Cyclic Apparatus
- the apparatus and method used for forming the insulating film are substantially the same as in Example 1, but 30 cc of tetravinylsilane is used as the material gas.
- Helium as a carrier gas at a volume flow rate of 30 cc / min was circulated with a volume flow rate of 30 cc / min, and the output of the plasma generating high frequency power supply device was set to 100 W to form an insulating film.
- the plasma CVD apparatus chamber internal pressure at this time was 798 Pa.
- the relative dielectric constant, copper diffusion barrier property, and film thickness of the obtained insulating film were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. The evaluation results of the copper diffusion barrier properties are shown in FIG.
- Example 2 Formation of Insulating Film by Material Gas not Containing Ring Structure Containing CH 2
- the apparatus and method used for forming the insulating film are substantially the same as in Example 1, but diallyldivinylsilane is used as the material gas.
- Helium was circulated as a carrier gas at a volume flow rate of 30 cc / min at a volume flow rate of 30 cc / min, and the output of the high frequency power supply for plasma generation was set to 100 W to form an insulating film.
- the pressure in the plasma CVD apparatus chamber was 133 Pa.
- the relative dielectric constant, copper diffusion barrier property, and film thickness of the obtained insulating film were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. The evaluation result of the copper diffusion barrier property is shown in FIG.
- the insulating film formed in Example 1 has a relative dielectric constant of 3.08 and a copper diffusion barrier property. It can be seen that the formed insulating film has a relative dielectric constant of 3.38 and a copper diffusion barrier property.
- the insulating film formed in Comparative Example 1 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.87 and does not have a copper diffusion barrier property
- the insulating film formed in Comparative Example 2 has a relative dielectric constant of 2.72. It can be seen that it has no copper diffusion barrier property.
- an insulating film having a copper diffusion barrier property and a low relative dielectric constant is formed by forming an insulating film by a plasma CVD method using the insulating film material made of the silicon compound represented by the chemical formula (1). Can be formed. Further, by forming a film without using a carrier gas such as helium, it is possible to form a copper diffusion barrier insulating film having a lower relative dielectric constant suitable for the next generation application.
- the present invention can be applied to a semiconductor device using highly integrated LSI wiring required for the next generation.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2008年1月23日に、日本に出願された特願2008-013105号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
この信号遅延は、配線層の抵抗と配線層間容量に比例するため、高速化を実現するためには、配線層の低抵抗化と配線層間容量の低減が必須である。
例えば、SiO2膜が4.1、SiOF膜が3.7の比誘電率を有するが、さらに比誘電率の低いSiOCH膜や有機膜を用いるようになっている。
この銅拡散バリア性絶縁膜には、優れた銅拡散バリア性を有する窒化ケイ素やSiCNなどからなる絶縁膜が用いられているが、比誘電率が4~7と高く、これは多層配線構造を構成する絶縁膜全体としての実効的な比誘電率を高くしている。
例えば、比誘電率が2.5程度の層間絶縁膜と比誘電率が4程度の銅拡散バリア性絶縁膜を積層させた多層配線構造では、実効的な比誘電率は3程度となる。
これまでに、π電子結合を持つ有機シラン系材料を用いたケイ素と炭素を主成分とする銅拡散バリア性絶縁膜についての報告がある(特許文献1参照)。
[1] 下記化学式(1)で示されるプラズマCVD用絶縁膜材料。
[3] 成膜の際、キャリアガスを同伴させない前記[2]に記載の成膜方法。
[4] 前記[2]または[3]に記載の成膜方法で得られた絶縁膜。
本発明のプラズマCVD用絶縁膜材料は、前記化学式(1)で表されるケイ素化合物であり、すべて公知化合物であって、公知合成方法により得ることができる。この化学式(1)で示される化合物を銅拡散バリア性絶縁膜材料として使用することは、従来知られていない。
このケイ素化合物は、3~6個の-CH2-基が互いに結合して、3員環ないし6員環の環状構造を形成して、環の両端部の炭素がケイ素原子に結合しており、この環状構造内には、二重結合が含まれていないものである。
置換基R1、R2については、1つの分子内において、同一の置換基であっても互いに異なる置換基であってもよい。
これ以外に用いられるケイ素化合物の例としては、1-1-ジエチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジビニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-1-プロピニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-2-プロピニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジプロペニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジアリル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジプロピル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジイソプロピル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-1-ブチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-2-ブチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-3-ブチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-1-ブテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-2-ブテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-3-ブテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジシクロブチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジブチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-s-ブチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-t-ブチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-4-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジシクロペンチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジペンチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジ-t-ペンチル-1-シラシクロブタン、1-1-ジエチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジビニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-1-プロピニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-2-プロピニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジプロペニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジアリル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジプロピル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジイソプロピル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-1-ブチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-2-ブチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-3-ブチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-1-ブテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-2-ブテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-3-ブテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジシクロブチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジブチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-s-ブチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-t-ブチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-4-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジシクロペンチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジペンチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジ-t-ペンチル-1-シラシクロペンタン、1-1-ジエチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジビニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-1-プロピニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-2-プロピニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジプロペニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジアリル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジプロピル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジイソプロピル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-1-ブチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-2-ブチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-3-ブチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-1-ブテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-2-ブテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-3-ブテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジシクロブチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジブチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-s-ブチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-t-ブチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-4-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジシクロペンチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジペンチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジ-t-ペンチル-1-シラシクロヘキサン、1-1-ジエチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジビニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-1-プロピニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-2-プロピニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジプロペニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジアリル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジプロピル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジイソプロピル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-1-ブチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-2-ブチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-3-ブチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-1-ブテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-2-ブテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-3-ブテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジシクロブチル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジブチル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-s-ブチル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-t-ブチル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンチニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-1-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-2-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-3-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-4-ペンテニル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジシクロペンチル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジペンチル-1-シラシクロヘプタン、1-1-ジ-t-ペンチル-1-シラシクロヘプタンなどがあげられる。
本発明の成膜方法は、基本的には、上述の化学式(1)に示される絶縁膜材料を用いプラズマCVD法により成膜を行うものである。この場合、化学式(1)で示されるケイ素化合物の1種または2種以上を混合して使用することができる。
また、成膜の際に、前記化学式(1)で示されるケイ素化合物からなる絶縁膜材料にキャリアガスを添加して成膜することもできるが、銅拡散バリア性の改善のために、該絶縁膜材料を単独で成膜する方が好ましい。
したがって、成膜装置のチャンバー内に送り込まれ成膜に供される成膜用ガスは、絶縁膜材料からなるガスの他に、キャリアガスが混合された混合ガスとなることがある。
図1に示したプラズマ成膜装置は、減圧可能なチャンバー1を備え、このチャンバー1は、排気管2、開閉弁3を介して排気ポンプ4に接続されている。また、チャンバー1には、図示しない圧力計が備えられ、チャンバー1内の圧力が測定できるようになっている。チャンバー1内には、相対向する一対の平板状の上部電極5と下部電極6とが設けられている。上部電極5は、高周波電源7に接続され、上部電極5に高周波電流が印加されるようになっている。
また、上部電極5には、ガス供給配管10が接続されている。このガス供給配管10には、図示しない成膜用ガス供給源が接続され、この成膜用ガス供給装置からの成膜用のガスが供給され、このガスは上部電極5内に形成された複数の貫通孔を通って、下部電極6に向けて拡散しつつ流れ出るようになっている。
プラズマ成膜装置のチャンバー1内の下部電極6上に基板8を置き、成膜用ガス供給源から上記成膜用ガスをチャンバー1内に送り込む。高周波電源7から高周波電流を上部電極5に印加して、チャンバー1内にプラズマを発生させる。これにより、基板8上に上記成膜用ガスから気相化学反応により生成した絶縁膜が形成される。
基板8には、主にシリコンウェーハからなるものが用いられるが、このシリコンウェーハ上にはあらかじめ形成された他の絶縁膜、導電膜、配線構造などが存在していてもよい。
絶縁膜材料流量 :25~100cc/分 (2種以上の場合は合計量である)
キャリアガス流量 :0~50cc/分
圧力 :1Pa~1330Pa
RFパワー :50~500W、好ましくは50~250W
基板温度 :400℃以下
反応時間 :1秒~1800秒
成膜厚さ :100nm~200nm
本発明の絶縁膜は、上述のプラズマCVD用絶縁膜材料またはこれとキャリアガスとを用い、プラズマ成膜装置によって、プラズマCVD反応により成膜されたもので、その比誘電率が2.9~3.5で、銅拡散バリア性が高いものである。また、この絶縁膜は、酸素が含まれておらず、ケイ素と水素と炭素から構成されている。
すなわち、本発明の絶縁膜材料をなすケイ素化合物のケイ素に結合する環状構造は、C-C部分の結合エネルギーが最も低く、プラズマにより結合を切断され開環される。
以上より、本発明の絶縁膜が、低比誘電率を有しかつ銅拡散バリア性を有する絶縁膜となるものと考えられる。
ただし、本発明は以下の実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
絶縁膜を形成するにあたっては、平行平板型の容量結合プラズマCVD装置を使用した。あらかじめ350℃程度に加熱したサセプター上に、8インチ(直径200mm)または12インチ(直径300mm)のシリコンウェーハを搬送し、絶縁膜材料ガスとして1、1-ジビニル-1-シラシクロペンタンを15cc/minの体積流量で流通させ、プラズマ発生用高周波電源装置の出力を180Wに設定して絶縁膜を形成した。このときの前記プラズマCVD装置のチャンバー内圧力は80Paであった。
これは、絶縁膜を100℃~300℃程度に加熱した状態で電界をかけることにより、銅の絶縁膜中への拡散が加速されることを利用したBiased Temperature Stress試験法である。
図3は、銅拡散バリア性が低いものでの特性を示したグラフである。この例では、Cu電極によるI-V特性とAl電極とによるI-V特性とが大きく異なっており、Cu電極よるI-V特性での電流値が2桁以上、Al電極とによるI-V特性での電流値よりも大きくなっている。
この試験方法に関しては、以下の文献を参照することができる。
まず、30mm2程度に切り出した被測定サンプルを2つ作成し、マスクをかけ、一方に直径約1mmのCu電極を他方に直径約1mmのAl電極を真空蒸着により形成する。
その他、膜厚の測定にはファイブラボ社製分光エリプソメトリ装置を使用した。測定結果を表1に示す。
絶縁膜を形成するにあたって使用する装置および方法は実施例1とほぼ同じであるが、材料ガスとして1、1-ジビニル-1-シラシクロペンタンを17cc/minの体積流量で、キャリアガスとしてヘリウムを40cc/minで同伴して流通させ、プラズマ発生用高周波電源装置の出力を150Wに設定して絶縁膜を形成した。このときの前記プラズマCVD装置チャンバー内圧力は133Paであった。
絶縁膜を形成するにあたって使用する装置および方法は実施例1とほぼ同じであるが、材料ガスとしてテトラビニルシランを30cc/minの体積流量でキャリアガスとしてヘリウムを30cc/minの体積流量で同伴して流通させ、プラズマ発生用高周波電源装置の出力を100Wに設定して絶縁膜を形成した。このときの前記プラズマCVD装置チャンバー内圧力は798Paであった。
絶縁膜を形成するにあたって使用する装置および方法は実施例1とほぼ同じであるが、材料ガスとしてジアリルジビニルシランを30cc/minの体積流量でキャリアガスとしてヘリウムを30cc/minの体積流量で同伴して流通させ、プラズマ発生用高周波電源装置の出力を100Wに設定して絶縁膜を形成した。このときの前記プラズマCVD装置チャンバー内圧力は133Paであった。
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| JP6578353B2 (ja) | 2014-09-23 | 2019-09-18 | レール・リキード−ソシエテ・アノニム・プール・レテュード・エ・レクスプロワタシオン・デ・プロセデ・ジョルジュ・クロード | Si含有膜堆積用カルボシラン置換アミン前駆体及びその方法 |
| TWI716333B (zh) | 2015-03-30 | 2021-01-11 | 法商液態空氣喬治斯克勞帝方法研究開發股份有限公司 | 碳矽烷與氨、胺類及脒類之觸媒去氫耦合 |
| TWI724141B (zh) | 2016-03-23 | 2021-04-11 | 法商液態空氣喬治斯克勞帝方法硏究開發股份有限公司 | 形成含矽膜之組成物及其製法與用途 |
| KR102434249B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-14 | 2022-08-18 | 버슘머트리얼즈 유에스, 엘엘씨 | 규소-함유 막을 증착시키기 위한 조성물 및 방법 |
| TWI776666B (zh) * | 2019-07-25 | 2022-09-01 | 美商慧盛材料美國責任有限公司 | 含有矽雜環烷的組合物及使用其沉積含矽膜的方法 |
| TWI797640B (zh) | 2020-06-18 | 2023-04-01 | 法商液態空氣喬治斯克勞帝方法研究開發股份有限公司 | 基於矽之自組裝單層組成物及使用該組成物之表面製備 |
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| JP2006519496A (ja) * | 2003-02-26 | 2006-08-24 | ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション | 水素化シリコンオキシカーバイド膜の生成方法。 |
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| US20060079099A1 (en) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-13 | International Business Machines Corporation | Ultra low k plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition processes using a single bifunctional precursor containing both a SiCOH matrix functionality and organic porogen functionality |
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| WO2010090038A1 (ja) * | 2009-02-06 | 2010-08-12 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | 絶縁膜材料、この絶縁膜材料を用いた成膜方法および絶縁膜 |
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