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WO2009080161A1 - Fuel cell system - Google Patents

Fuel cell system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009080161A1
WO2009080161A1 PCT/EP2008/009759 EP2008009759W WO2009080161A1 WO 2009080161 A1 WO2009080161 A1 WO 2009080161A1 EP 2008009759 W EP2008009759 W EP 2008009759W WO 2009080161 A1 WO2009080161 A1 WO 2009080161A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell system
components
anode unit
cell stack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/009759
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerald Hornburg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG, Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of WO2009080161A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009080161A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
    • H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel cell system.
  • anode unit In fuel cells water is produced during operation.
  • the fuel cell has to be moist during operation.
  • hydrogen ions are supplied by an anode unit.
  • the anode unit takes the form of an anode circuit, in which unused hydrogen from the fuel cells is recirculated to the anode.
  • the water produced is introduced in part into the anode unit together with the hydrogen.
  • the object is achieved in that components of the fuel cell system are arranged in such a way as to promote the transfer of thermal energy from one component to the other component, in particular from the fuel cell stack to the anode unit.
  • This measure according to the invention has the effect of ensuring that a heat sink is no longer formed in the fuel cell system. If the anode unit is kept warm with thermal energy by the cooling fuel cell stack after termination of operation of the fuel cell system for longer than is otherwise conventional, the quantity of water in the anode unit which may freeze therein is reduced. This contributes to preventing the formation of ice in the anode unit, and makes a cold start more readily possible.
  • the fuel cell stack and the anode unit are in contact with one another.
  • the measure that components of the fuel cell system are in mutual contact may be further developed, in order to simplify the transfer of thermal energy, to the effect that at least two of these components comprise a common element.
  • the transfer of thermal energy may also be promoted in that the fuel cell stack and at least part of the anode unit are arranged in an insulating envelope.
  • the anode itself may be arranged together with the fuel cell stack in the insulating envelope, and pipes, which are part of the anode circuit, may be arranged outside the insulating envelope.
  • an insulating envelope is used, in which the fuel cell stack and at least part of the anode unit are arranged, the fuel cell stack and the relevant part of the anode unit belong together from a thermal standpoint and, thanks to being coupled together, cool down simultaneously particularly well. As a result of this measure, the formation of a heat sink in the anode unit is suppressed particularly well.
  • the individual components of the fuel cell system are particularly suitably arranged in the insulating envelope in such a way that the individual components cool down as far as possible simultaneously.
  • the components disposed in the insulating envelope are divided into two groups, which are either of equal size (in the case of an even number of components), or of which one group comprises precisely one more component than the other (in the case of an odd number of components).
  • the groups are defined such that the components of the one group generate more heat during operation of the fuel cell system and/or store heat for longer after operation of the fuel cell system than the components of the other group.
  • the components of the first group are arranged spatially in the insulating envelope in alternating sequence with the components of the second group.
  • Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 3 is a side view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 4 is another side view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 .
  • Fig. 5 shows various stages of realization of the invention.
  • a fuel cell system designated overall as 10 has at its heart a fuel cell stack 12. Hydrogen ions are supplied to the fuel cell stack via an anode.
  • the anode is here part of an anode circuit 14, a feature of which is that hydrogen ions not used by the fuel cell stack 12 are recirculated.
  • the fuel cell stack has to be kept moist in order to function. This is achieved by a humidifier 16 (which constitutes the cathode).
  • a heat exchanger 18 also known as an intercooler conveys heat away from the fuel cell stack 12.
  • the fuel cell stack 12, the humidifier 16, the heat exchanger 18 and part of the anode unit 14 are arranged in an insulating envelope 20, which surrounds these components and prevents heat from being radiated outwards.
  • the individual elements 12, 16, 18 and 14 are in contact with one another, so promoting the exchange of thermal energy.
  • the fuel cell stack 12 cools down particularly slowly.
  • the second slowest component to cool down is the heat exchanger 18.
  • the components are arranged in the insulating envelope in such a way that as much heat as possible may be released by the components 12 and 18 which store heat for a long time to the other two components 14 and 16.
  • the components 14 and 12, 16 and 18 are arranged spatially in the insulating envelope 20 in the sequence shown in Fig. 1.
  • an air compressor 22 is arranged outside the insulating envelope 20 and does not play any part in heat exchange.
  • the individual components 12, 14, 16, 18 are arranged compactly, because they are arranged in an insulating envelope 20, and because they are arranged in the sequence shown in Fig. 1 , individual components are actively prevented from icing up: the components cool down synchronously, no heat sink forms, and local icing is prevented.
  • the individual components of a fuel cell system may be arranged.
  • the fuel cell system 10a only the fuel cell stack 12 and the anode unit 14 are arranged in an insulating envelope 20a, the other components being outside the insulating envelope.
  • the contact between fuel cell stack 12 and anode unit 14 and the enclosure of both in an insulating envelope 20a promotes the transfer of thermal energy from the fuel cell stack 12 to the anode unit 14 after termination of the operation of the fuel cell system, and so better prevents icing in the anode unit 14.
  • the air humidifier 16 and the heat exchanger (intercooler) 18 are additionally arranged in an insulating envelope 20b (as in Figs.
  • the air compressor 22 is also positioned within an insulating envelope 20c in addition to the components 12, 14, 16 and 18, so as to make up the fuel cell system 10c.
  • the invention enhances the cold start behavior of fuel cell systems by preventing icing.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

In a fuel cell system (10), the transfer of thermal energy between individual components is deliberately promoted, in particular between the fuel cell stack (12) and the anode unit (14). In this way icing is prevented, since as a result of the thermal coupling no local heat sinks, on which water is deposited and freezes, are able to form during cooling down of the fuel cell system (10). In this way, the cold start behavior of the fuel cell system (10) is enhanced.

Description

FUEL CELL SYSTEM
The invention relates to a fuel cell system.
In fuel cells water is produced during operation. The fuel cell has to be moist during operation. During oper ation, hydrogen ions are supplied by an anode unit. Usually the anode unit takes the form of an anode circuit, in which unused hydrogen from the fuel cells is recirculated to the anode. The water produced is introduced in part into the anode unit together with the hydrogen.
Problems arise when the fuel cell system is cooled to below the freezing point of water after it has been turned off. Conventionally the fuel cell stack cools down very slowly, and in contrast the anode unit cools down significantly more quickly. This leads to the anode unit functioning as a heat sink, such that ice preferentially forms from the water in the area of the anode unit, said ice impairing functionality upon restarting of the fuel cell system.
It is the object of the invention to simplify cold starting of a fuel cell system.
The object is achieved in that components of the fuel cell system are arranged in such a way as to promote the transfer of thermal energy from one component to the other component, in particular from the fuel cell stack to the anode unit. This measure according to the invention has the effect of ensuring that a heat sink is no longer formed in the fuel cell system. If the anode unit is kept warm with thermal energy by the cooling fuel cell stack after termination of operation of the fuel cell system for longer than is otherwise conventional, the quantity of water in the anode unit which may freeze therein is reduced. This contributes to preventing the formation of ice in the anode unit, and makes a cold start more readily possible.
In one measure according to the invention, the fuel cell stack and the anode unit are in contact with one another.
This measure is contrary to previous teaching, in which fuel cells and anode unit are as far as possible kept separate from one another to ensure that operation is undisturbed. As a consequence of this measure it is accepted that the advantages of separation for operation of the fuel cell system are lost. Instead, the advantage of easier cold starting of the fuel cell system is achieved. The fuel cell stack, which is in contact with the anode unit, releases heat to the anode unit particularly well and easily, and the anode unit remains warm for longer and in particular warm for roughly as long as the fuel cell stack, such that water from the fuel cell stack does not migrate into the anode unit.
The measure that components of the fuel cell system are in mutual contact may be further developed, in order to simplify the transfer of thermal energy, to the effect that at least two of these components comprise a common element.
The transfer of thermal energy may also be promoted in that the fuel cell stack and at least part of the anode unit are arranged in an insulating envelope. For instance, the anode itself may be arranged together with the fuel cell stack in the insulating envelope, and pipes, which are part of the anode circuit, may be arranged outside the insulating envelope. Because an insulating envelope is used, in which the fuel cell stack and at least part of the anode unit are arranged, the fuel cell stack and the relevant part of the anode unit belong together from a thermal standpoint and, thanks to being coupled together, cool down simultaneously particularly well. As a result of this measure, the formation of a heat sink in the anode unit is suppressed particularly well.
In one aspect of the invention, the individual components of the fuel cell system are particularly suitably arranged in the insulating envelope in such a way that the individual components cool down as far as possible simultaneously. To this end, the components disposed in the insulating envelope are divided into two groups, which are either of equal size (in the case of an even number of components), or of which one group comprises precisely one more component than the other (in the case of an odd number of components). The groups are defined such that the components of the one group generate more heat during operation of the fuel cell system and/or store heat for longer after operation of the fuel cell system than the components of the other group. The components of the first group are arranged spatially in the insulating envelope in alternating sequence with the components of the second group. This ensures that each component which tends to be warm after termination of operation of the fuel cell system releases heat to those components which without coupling tend to cool down more rapidly after operation of the fuel cell system. This measure ensures that the components cool down uniformly, so suppressing the formation of ice which impairs the functionality of the fuel cell system on restarting, in particular of local ice.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a fuel cell system according to the invention,
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3 is a side view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 4 is another side view of the fuel cell system of Fig. 1 , and
Fig. 5 shows various stages of realization of the invention.
A fuel cell system designated overall as 10 has at its heart a fuel cell stack 12. Hydrogen ions are supplied to the fuel cell stack via an anode. The anode is here part of an anode circuit 14, a feature of which is that hydrogen ions not used by the fuel cell stack 12 are recirculated. The fuel cell stack has to be kept moist in order to function. This is achieved by a humidifier 16 (which constitutes the cathode). A heat exchanger 18 (also known as an intercooler) conveys heat away from the fuel cell stack 12. Here, the fuel cell stack 12, the humidifier 16, the heat exchanger 18 and part of the anode unit 14 are arranged in an insulating envelope 20, which surrounds these components and prevents heat from being radiated outwards. The individual elements 12, 16, 18 and 14 are in contact with one another, so promoting the exchange of thermal energy. After termination of the operation of the fuel cell system 10, the fuel cell stack 12 cools down particularly slowly. The second slowest component to cool down is the heat exchanger 18. The components are arranged in the insulating envelope in such a way that as much heat as possible may be released by the components 12 and 18 which store heat for a long time to the other two components 14 and 16. To this end, the components 14 and 12, 16 and 18 are arranged spatially in the insulating envelope 20 in the sequence shown in Fig. 1. In the fuel cell system 10 an air compressor 22 is arranged outside the insulating envelope 20 and does not play any part in heat exchange.
Because the individual components 12, 14, 16, 18 are arranged compactly, because they are arranged in an insulating envelope 20, and because they are arranged in the sequence shown in Fig. 1 , individual components are actively prevented from icing up: the components cool down synchronously, no heat sink forms, and local icing is prevented.
It will be explained with reference to Fig. 5 how the individual components of a fuel cell system may be arranged. In the fuel cell system 10a only the fuel cell stack 12 and the anode unit 14 are arranged in an insulating envelope 20a, the other components being outside the insulating envelope. The contact between fuel cell stack 12 and anode unit 14 and the enclosure of both in an insulating envelope 20a promotes the transfer of thermal energy from the fuel cell stack 12 to the anode unit 14 after termination of the operation of the fuel cell system, and so better prevents icing in the anode unit 14. In the fuel cell system 10b according to an alternative embodiment, the air humidifier 16 and the heat exchanger (intercooler) 18 are additionally arranged in an insulating envelope 20b (as in Figs. 1 to 4), so as to make up the fuel cell system 10b. Further components are thus included, between which thermal energy is transferred. In a further configuration, the air compressor 22 is also positioned within an insulating envelope 20c in addition to the components 12, 14, 16 and 18, so as to make up the fuel cell system 10c.
The invention enhances the cold start behavior of fuel cell systems by preventing icing. List of designations
10, 10a, 10b, 10c fuel cell system
12 fuel cell stack
14 anode circuit
16 humidifier
18 heat exchanger
20, 20a, 2Ob1 20c insulating envelope
22 air compressor

Claims

Patent Claims
1. A fuel cell system (10), having a fuel cell stack (12) and an anode unit (14) and further components (16, 18, 22), characterized in that components (12, 14, 16, 18) are arranged in such a way as to promote the transfer of thermal energy from one of these components (12, 18) to the other of these components (14, 16).
2. The fuel cell system (10) as claimed in claim 1 , characterized in that at least the fuel cell stack (12) and the anode unit (14) are in contact with one another.
3. The fuel cell system (10) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least two components comprise a common element.
4. The fuel cell system (10) as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fuel cell stack (12) and at least part of the anode unit (14) are arranged in an insulating envelope (20).
5. The fuel cell system (10) as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the components (12, 14, 16, 18) disposed in the insulating envelope (20) may be divided into two groups, which are equal in size or of which one group comprises precisely one more component than the other, the components (12, 18) of the one group generating more heat during operation of the fuel cell system and/or storing heat for longer after operation of the fuel cell system than the components (14, 16) of the other group, and the components (12, 18) of the first group being arranged spatially in the insulating envelope (20) in alternating sequence with the components (14, 16) of the second group.
PCT/EP2008/009759 2007-12-21 2008-11-19 Fuel cell system Ceased WO2009080161A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007061955A DE102007061955A1 (en) 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 The fuel cell system
DE102007061955.5 2007-12-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009080161A1 true WO2009080161A1 (en) 2009-07-02

Family

ID=40231074

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/009759 Ceased WO2009080161A1 (en) 2007-12-21 2008-11-19 Fuel cell system

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007061955A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009080161A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019075282A (en) * 2017-10-16 2019-05-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell module

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014007469A1 (en) * 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Daimler Ag Processing device for an oxidizing agent, fuel cell system and vehicle with a fuel cell system
DE102018000429A1 (en) 2018-01-19 2018-07-12 Daimler Ag Apparatus and method for operating a fuel cell system of a vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060051638A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Gross Karl J Hydrogen storage and integrated fuel cell assembly
US20060068250A1 (en) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-30 Dingrong Bai Integrated fuel cell power module
US20070072027A1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Ion America Corporation Fuel cell water purification system and method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060051638A1 (en) * 2004-09-03 2006-03-09 Gross Karl J Hydrogen storage and integrated fuel cell assembly
US20060068250A1 (en) * 2004-09-24 2006-03-30 Dingrong Bai Integrated fuel cell power module
US20070072027A1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Ion America Corporation Fuel cell water purification system and method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2019075282A (en) * 2017-10-16 2019-05-16 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Fuel cell module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007061955A1 (en) 2009-06-25

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