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WO2009079920A1 - Cable de grande puissance à fibres composites - Google Patents

Cable de grande puissance à fibres composites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009079920A1
WO2009079920A1 PCT/CN2008/001952 CN2008001952W WO2009079920A1 WO 2009079920 A1 WO2009079920 A1 WO 2009079920A1 CN 2008001952 W CN2008001952 W CN 2008001952W WO 2009079920 A1 WO2009079920 A1 WO 2009079920A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
optical fiber
voltage power
conductor
channel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2008/001952
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Feng Yang
Chengxian Zhang
Dongming Zhang
Hao ZHAO
Jin Cao
Zhongqiang Lin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SHANGHAI BANDWEAVER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
Original Assignee
SHANGHAI BANDWEAVER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SHANGHAI BANDWEAVER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd filed Critical SHANGHAI BANDWEAVER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
Publication of WO2009079920A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009079920A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B9/00—Power cables
    • H01B9/005—Power cables including optical transmission elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4415—Cables for special applications
    • G02B6/4416—Heterogeneous cables
    • G02B6/4417—High voltage aspects, e.g. in cladding

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cables, and more particularly to a high voltage power cable in which a probe fiber is disposed within a cable. Background technique
  • the power sector needs to conduct on-line monitoring.
  • the main contents of online monitoring include load monitoring and fault monitoring.
  • Cable load capacity constraints are primarily derived from the allowable operating temperature limits for cable and cable accessory manufacturing materials.
  • the temperature of the cable conductor that is, the temperature of the XLPE adjacent to the conductor, is usually not specified to exceed 85 ° C or 90 ° C.
  • the load capacity is designed primarily in accordance with the conductor temperature limits.
  • the load capacity of cable systems is usually designed in accordance with IEC60287 and IEC853 standards. These standards assume that the load current is constant or varies substantially according to a daily load curve pattern and assumes that ambient environmental conditions are determined.
  • the ambient conditions of the actual running cable system are complex, and its state may migrate, with a high degree of uncertainty. Therefore, it is impossible to reliably determine the highest temperature of the cable without detecting the temperature distribution of the entire cable.
  • the highest point of cable temperature is also the de facto load bottleneck.
  • a more complicated reality is that the position of the bottleneck point on the same cable changes, and multiple bottlenecks may occur in the same cable over a period of time.
  • the online load monitoring of the cable usually adopts the method of distributed temperature sensor (DTS).
  • DTS distributed temperature sensor
  • the technology can detect a temperature distribution of several kilometers to several tens of kilometers of fiber, and the sampling point distance can reach 1 to 2 meters.
  • the axial temperature distribution of the cable can be obtained. It is generally believed that since the conductor of the high voltage cable is at a high voltage potential, it is wrapped by an insulating layer that is not damaged by integrity, and the optical fiber cannot be placed on or in the conductor and drawn out to the outside of the ground potential. Therefore, it is not feasible to directly measure the conductor temperature using DTS technology.
  • the optical cable containing the temperature measuring fiber is arranged on the surface of the cable;
  • the temperature measuring fiber or fiber optic cable is added to a layer or a layer outside the cable insulation layer, typically outside the semiconductor insulation shield and in the metal sleeve.
  • Korean Patent Publication No. 2003-45864 discloses a system for setting a temperature measuring fiber in a cable for calculating the temperature of an underground power cable conductor.
  • the external temperature measuring fiber can be used to fix the cable to the surface of the cable by manually tying or bonding the cable in the cable tunnel and the direct buried cable in front of the backfill.
  • the cable is usually pulled into the pipe after the cable is piped.
  • the cable is unlikely to be in close contact with the cable surface as in the above case, some of the cables may be in contact with the cable surface, and some may not be in contact with the cable and suspended in the medium in the tube. This will introduce the model into uncertain factors, resulting in larger calculation errors.
  • Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1624812A Japanese Patent Publication Nos. 1990-144810, 1994-148001, 1994-181013, 1994-181014 and 1994-181015 disclose high-voltage power cables of various composite optical fibers, which are all arranged in cable insulation. Between the layer and the sheath, it is built-in. In the built-in method, the cable is very consistently located in a layer outside the cable insulation, which solves the above-mentioned external problem, but must deal with the problem of the connection of the fiber at the cable connector, which complicates the cable connector installation process. Usually use a jumper The optical cable, two welding points, are respectively welded to the optical fiber taps of the two cables.
  • the number of fusion points on the temperature measuring fiber is at least twice the number of cable joints.
  • the number of fiber splices may be too large.
  • the fiber fusion splice has a certain loss and unreliability, which has a negative impact on DTS temperature measurement.
  • Another significant disadvantage of the built-in type is that it is subject to tension during the manufacturing, coiling, transport, installation, and operation phases of the cable due to the location of the fiber.
  • the mechanical strength of the fiber is very low and cannot be repaired once it is damaged. Therefore, high requirements are placed on the design, manufacture and construction of optical fiber protection.
  • Optical fiber sensing technology can be used for the detection of partial discharges, such as ultrasonic waves and other abnormal mechanical vibrations generated by partial discharge of cables. This requires the placement of the probe cable along the length of the cable, as well as the problems associated with the placement of the cable described above.
  • the propagation of the ultrasonic waves is directional and rapidly decays, partial discharges of the same intensity occur on the same cross section, and the detection fibers disposed on the eccentric side may give different detection amounts due to different angles of the partial discharge positions. , may not even detect it.
  • the cable joints and cable terminals have a failure rate far greater than the failure rate of the cable body in the years before the cable system was put into operation.
  • Types of failure include both overheating due to poor connections of the cable conductors or the poor connection of the terminals, as well as insulation faults caused by defects or defective points introduced in the cable intermediate joints and cable terminations during the design, manufacturing and installation phases.
  • the detecting fiber is located outside the cable insulation of the ground potential, and the geometrical dimension of the insulating portion is greater than the insulation of the cable body. In more cases, the optical fiber even has to be arranged with a larger geometric size.
  • the cable metal shield or cable connector is waterproof outside the sleeve.
  • the temperature at which the position of the detecting fiber is located is relatively weak and lagging as compared with the case of the cable body.
  • the mathematical model for calculating the conductor temperature established for the cable body cannot be applied here, and the temperature abnormality of the cable is not easily detected.
  • the partial discharge signal generated by the internal insulation fault is also attenuated by the thicker insulation and other protection, and is not easily detected by the probe fiber.
  • the high-voltage power cable of the composite optical fiber of the present invention directly detects the cable conductor temperature, provides a critical state variable for load monitoring, and is in an optimal position for detecting ultrasonic waves generated by partial discharge, and the detection fiber is located at a minimum deformation when the cable is bent.
  • the optical fiber is protected by the structure of each layer of the cable, which reduces the possibility of damage by external force, and also enables the fiber connection between the intermediate connector and the terminal of the cable.
  • a composite optical fiber high-voltage power cable consisting of a core and an outer sheath surrounding the core, the core being composed of a conductor, an insulating layer and a metal shielding layer arranged in order from the inside to the outside, characterized in that the conductor At least one channel is disposed in each channel, and at least one optical cable is disposed in each channel, and each cable is wrapped with at least one optical fiber, and the channel and the optical cable extend along the axial direction of the cable, and are distributed over the entire length of the cable, and the channel is The diameter is greater than the diameter of the cable, the length of the cable is greater than the length of the channel, and the cable is flexibly disposed within the channel.
  • the high-voltage power cable provided by the present invention may be a plastic insulated cable or an oil-filled cable, and may be a single core or a multi-core. Typically, there is also a conductor shield and an insulating shield made of a semiconductor material.
  • the cross section of the passage is larger than the cross section of the optical cable, and the passage space is large enough to allow the accommodated optical cable to move within a certain range, the inner diameter of the passage is between 3 and 30, and the outer diameter of the optical cable is from 1 mm to 5 mm.
  • the channel then allows radial and axial movement of the cable, and the length of the cable is verbose relative to the length of the channel to allow the cable to be naturally curved or spiral or serpentine.
  • the passage may be a hollow formed by the conductor of the cable, or it may preferably be provided by a hollow conduit embedded in the conductor.
  • the conduit is preferably located at the axis of the cable conductor Straight round tube.
  • the conduit can be a straight polygonal tube located at the axis of the conductor.
  • the conduit can provide more than one passage.
  • a preferred solution is to separate a plurality of centrally symmetrical fan-shaped cross-section channels within the conduit.
  • another preferred embodiment of the present invention is symmetrically arranged in the center of the conductor by a plurality of independent circular conduit centers, one or more optical cables being disposed within each conduit.
  • the conduit can be made of copper 'aluminum.
  • the conduit of the conductor material such as copper or aluminum selected can also be part of the cable conductor.
  • the conduit can also be made of stainless steel or other metal materials with good mechanical properties and non-magnetic properties. to make.
  • the catheter can also be made of a non-metallic material.
  • the conduit may also preferably be of a two-layer construction, the jacket being a metal providing mechanical strength and the inner layer being a plastic providing thermal cushioning.
  • the plastic layer can also self-lubricate the cable and the cable.
  • the conduit may also be coated with a lubricant.
  • the lubricant is graphite powder, zeolite powder or mineral oil. Lubrication of the inner wall of the conduit is necessary in some cases. Because the cable needs to be pulled out when the intermediate connector is installed, and it is pushed into the pipe after being pulled out, the cable and the inner wall of the pipe will be rubbed.
  • a preferred optical cable is composed of an optical fiber and a metal sheath enclosing the optical fiber. More preferably, the metal sheath has a plastic sheath outside the metal sheath for thermal buffering and self-lubricating action.
  • the seamless stainless steel sheath can be made with an outer diameter of 1. 5mm to 2. 0 ⁇ , which contains several fibers.
  • the fiber optic metal sheath may also be tightly wound from a thin metal wire into a metal hose.
  • the optical fiber refers to a bare optical fiber mainly composed of quartz or a bare optical fiber having a coating layer, which is not capable of being pulled and easily broken;
  • the optical fiber cable includes optical fibers and tensile and/or radial pressure buffering. Protection structure.
  • the cable has a plastic or metal sheath or sheath.
  • High voltage refers to AC or DC voltages of 35kV and above, including high voltage, ultra high voltage and extra high voltage.
  • the probe fiber can directly detect the cable conductor temperature and provide critical state variables for load monitoring.
  • the detecting fiber since the detecting fiber is located at the axis of the insulating member, it is in an optimum position for detecting the ultrasonic wave generated by the partial discharge. 'Finally, this position is also the area where the deformation is minimal when the cable is bent. The fiber is protected by the structure of the cable at the same time, and there is almost no possibility of damage by external force.
  • the cable In the cross section of the cable of the present invention, the cable can be partially pulled out and returned to the passage in whole or in part. With the cable of the present invention, it is possible to secure the fiber optic cable connection between the intermediate indirect head of the cable and the cable termination.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a high voltage power cable cable placement of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • conduit 2 - conductor 3 - conductor shield 4 an insulating layer
  • the high-voltage power cable of the composite optical fiber of the present invention is composed of a core and an outer sheath surrounding the core, wherein the core is composed of a conductor, an insulating layer and a metal shielding layer arranged in order from the inside to the outside, and the conductor is provided therein.
  • At least one channel each channel is provided with at least one optical cable, the diameter of the channel is larger than the diameter of the cable, the length of the cable is greater than the length of the channel, and the cable is curvedly distributed in the channel Inside.
  • a semiconductor shielding layer is disposed between the conductor and the insulating layer and between the insulating layer and the metal shielding layer.
  • the primary structure of a composite optical fiber high voltage power cable includes at least one core having a conductor and an insulating layer and a metal shield surrounding the conductor; the core has an outer sheath that is insulated. Under operating conditions, the conductor is at a high voltage potential and delivers power.
  • the cable includes at least one passageway located inside the conductor; at least one fiber optic cable received by the passageway; the cable having at least one optical fiber therein.
  • the above-mentioned channels, cables and fibers extend longitudinally along the cable and are distributed over the entire length of the cable.
  • the cross-section of the channel is large, so that the cable can be moved not only in it, but also in a curved state, and the cable has a certain length with respect to the length of the channel.
  • the cable can also be made directly into a spiral or a serpentine shape.
  • the cable In the cross section of the cable conductor, the cable can be pulled out of the channel by a portion, and the drawn cable can be retracted into the channel in whole or in part.
  • the passage space is large enough to allow the accommodated cable to move freely, the inner diameter of the passage is between 3 mm and 30, and the outer diameter of the cable is from 1 to 5 flat.
  • the passage may be a hollow formed by the coiling of the conductor of the cable or, preferably, provided by a conduit.
  • the conduit is preferably a straight tube located at the axis of the cable conductor.
  • the round tube has an appropriate wall thickness to obtain sufficient mechanical strength to ensure that it does not undergo significant deformation when the conductor wires are tied.
  • the conduit can be a straight polygonal tube located at the axis of the conductor.
  • the conduit can provide more than one passage, the main purpose of which is to accommodate multiple cables.
  • One A preferred solution is to divide a plurality of centrally symmetrical fan-shaped cross-section channels within a circular tube.
  • another preferred embodiment of the invention is that a plurality of independent circular conduit centers are symmetrically arranged at the center of the conductor.
  • the conduit with the fiber optic cable can be prefabricated and then tied to the conductor.
  • the material of the conduit is preferably copper or aluminum, and the conduit of the conductor material such as copper or aluminum selected may also be part of the cable conductor to carry the task of delivering power.
  • the conduit can also be made of stainless steel or other metallic materials with good mechanical properties and non-magnetic properties.
  • the conduit can also be made of a non-metallic material, and the non-metallic material used has an operating temperature limit not less than the operating temperature limit of the cable conductor. Non-metallic materials generally have a relatively high thermal resistance. Although the fiber temperature detection is delayed, a thermal buffer layer can be formed to protect the internal fiber optic cable and the optical fiber from being damaged when the cable has a large instantaneous current.
  • the catheter has a two-layer structure
  • the outer casing is made of metal, provides mechanical strength
  • the inner layer is plastic, providing thermal cushioning. If the outer sheath of the cable is metal, the plastic layer can also provide self-lubricating properties for the cable.
  • the conduit is coated with a lubricant.
  • the lubricant is graphite powder, zeolite powder or mineral oil.
  • Lubrication of the inner wall of the conduit is necessary in some cases. Because the cable needs to be pulled out when the intermediate connector is installed, and it is pushed into the pipe after being pulled out, the cable and the inner wall of the pipe will be rubbed. In addition, mechanical vibration of the cable may also cause friction between the cable and the inner wall of the conduit during the service life of the cable for up to 30 years. Lubricants such as graphite, talc, and mineral oil can be added to the pipe when it is manufactured.
  • a preferred optical cable is composed of an optical fiber and a metal sheath enclosing the optical fiber. More preferably, the metal sheath has a plastic sheath outside the metal sheath for thermal buffering and self-lubricating.
  • the seamless stainless steel sheath can be made to have an outer diameter of 1.5 to 2. 0 awake, which contains a number of fibers.
  • the fiber optic metal sheath may also be tightly wound from a thin metal wire into a metal hose.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the high-voltage power cable of the composite fiber includes a conduit 1, a conductor 2, a conductor shielding layer 3, an insulating layer 4, an insulating shielding layer 5, a metal shielding layer 6, an outer sheath 7, and an optical cable 8, in this embodiment.
  • the outer sheath 7 is in the form of a sheath, and may have other forms.
  • the insulating sheath may be disposed in the outer sheath or in the inner and outer portions of the outer sheath, and the center of the catheter 1 is a passage for accommodating the optical cable 8.
  • the conduit 1 is a straight tube made of copper and tightly packed on the axis of the conductor 2, and has excellent thermal conductivity, so that the probe cable 8 in the conduit 1 can directly detect the degree of the conductor 2.
  • the cross-sectional space of the passage in the duct 1 is larger than the cross-section of the cable 8.
  • the conductor has a cross-sectional area of 1000 mm 2 in this embodiment.
  • the inner diameter of the catheter 1 is 10 mm and the wall thickness is 2 mm.
  • the catheter 1 has a double-layer structure, the outer casing is a copper tube, provides mechanical strength, and the inner layer is plastic, providing thermal cushioning.
  • the fiber optic cable 8 consists of an optical fiber and a stainless steel fiber optic conduit with an outer diameter of 2.5 mm.
  • the straightening length of the optical cable 8 has a margin of 5% with respect to the length of the cable, and the cable of 10 cm length can be pulled out in the section of the cable, and can be completely retracted into the channel, so that the electrical connection of the cable at the intermediate joint of the cable can be realized. And optical connection.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic transverse cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • the outer layer is the same as the structure of the first embodiment, that is, the outer sheath 7, the metal shield layer 6, the insulating shield layer 5, the insulating layer 4, and the conductor shield layer are sequentially arranged from the outside to the inside.
  • 3 and conductor 2 three conduits 9 are placed in the conductor 2, and a cable 10 is placed in each conduit.
  • the conductor 2 has a cross section of 2000 mm 2 . In the cable cross section, the three conduits are placed in a centrally symmetrical manner.
  • the conduit 9 is a hollow tube made of copper, each having an inner diameter of 6 mm and a wall thickness of 1 mm.
  • the inner wall of the conduit 9 is coated with graphite powder as a lubricant.
  • the number and specific arrangement of the conduits may be increased or decreased according to different needs. This can meet the requirements of placing multiple cables in the cable to meet different requirements.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of a high voltage power cable of a composite optical fiber of the present invention. This embodiment differs from the above embodiment in that the conduit 11 is a profile having three channels therein, one optical cable placed in each channel.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of a high-k power cable of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • This embodiment differs from the above embodiment in that the conduit 13 is a profile having four passages therein, one optical cable being placed in each passage.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of a high voltage power cable cable placement of a composite optical fiber of the present invention.
  • the fiber optic cable 14 is placed in the conduit 15 in a naturally curved manner.
  • the cable having a certain rigidity can be processed into a serpentine or spiral shape in a natural state within a radius allowed by the optical cable 14, so that the optical cable itself has a certain elasticity, and when the optical cable is pulled out of the conductor, Its own flexibility can provide self-retracting ability.
  • the material of the conductor may be made of copper or an alloy containing copper as a main component, aluminum or an alloy mainly composed of aluminum, or stainless steel, or may be made of a high temperature resistant non-metal material or a material composed of the above materials. Multi-layer structure to meet specific needs.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)

Description

复合光纤的高压电力电缆
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆， 特别是涉及一种在电缆内设置有探测光纤的高 压电力电缆。 背景技术
. 为保证高压地下电缆系统的安全运行， 电力部门需要对其进行在 线监测。 在线监测的主要内容包括负荷监测和故障监测两个方面。
电缆负荷能力的约束条件主要来自电缆和电缆附件制造材料允许的 工作温度极限。 例如， 对于 XLPE电缆， 电缆导体的温度， 也就是临近 导体的 XLPE的温度， 通常规定不可超过 85°C或 90°C。 在电缆和电缆系 统设计时， 就是主要按照导体温度限制来完成负荷能力设计的。 电缆 系统的负荷能力通常按照 IEC60287和 IEC853标准设计。 这些标准假设 负荷电流是恒定的或基本按照一个日负荷曲线样式变化， 并假设周围 环境条件是确定的。 为保证设计安全， 所假设的条件往往取极端情 况， 导致电缆系统实际运行负载低、 资产利用不足的可能。 事实上， 由于电缆的电气相互影响和传热学问题的复杂性， 上述标准不可能为 比较复杂的敷设环境中（特别是多回路）的电缆提供可靠和精确的解。 对电缆温度进行在线检测， 提供一个解决该问题的途径， 导体温度是 非常重要的， 可直接作为负荷监测的关键指标。
实际运行电缆系统的周围环境条件是复杂的， 而且其状态有可能会 发生迁移， 具有高度的不确定性， 因此不检测电缆全长的温度分布无 法可靠地判断出电缆温度最高点。 电缆温度最高点也是事实上的负荷 瓶颈点。 更复杂的一种实际情况是， 在同一根电缆上的瓶颈点的位置 是变化的， 在一个时间段内， 同一根电缆可能出现多个瓶颈点。
现有技术中对电缆在线负荷监测通常采用分布式光纤温度传感 (Distributed Temperature Sensor 缩写为 DTS) 的方式。 利用 DTS 技术， 可以检测到一根长达几千米到几十千米光纤的温度分布， 采样 点距离可达到 1到 2米。 将该测温光纤沿电缆轴向布置， 则可以获得电. 缆的轴向温度分布。 通常认为， 由于高压电缆的导体处于高压电势， 由完整性不容破坏的绝缘层包裹， 无法将光纤布置在导体上或内部并 引出到处于地电势的外部。 所以利用 DTS技术直接测量导体温度是不 可行的。
目前通常测量导体温度的方法主要有两种 - . 1、 外置式： 将容纳测温光纤的光缆布置在电缆表面；
2、 内置式： 在电缆制造阶段， 将测温光纤或光缆加入到电缆绝缘 层外的某层或某两层之间， 典型地在半导体绝缘屏蔽外、 金属套内。
上述两种方法测量的温度虽然不是电缆的导体温度， 但仍然具有 重要的参考价值。 以测温光纤为外边界， 对电缆建立传热偏微分方程 模型， 持续输入实时负荷电流和实时光纤温度， 可计算输出实时导体 温度。 韩国专利公开号 2003-45864揭示了一种在电缆中设置一温度测 量光纤用于计算地下电力电缆导体温度的系统。
详细来讲， 外置式的测温光纤对于电缆隧道中的电缆和在回填土 方前的直埋电缆， 可以由人工采用绑扎或粘合的方法将光缆固定在电 缆表面。 但对于排管方式敷设的电缆， 光缆通常在电缆穿管完毕后再 牵引入排管中。 这时， 光缆不太可能像上述情况中紧密地接触电缆表 面， 部分光缆可能接触了电缆表面， 部分则可能没有接触到电缆而悬 空在排管中的介质中。 这将使模型引入不确定的因素， 导致较大的计 算误差。
中国专利公开号 CN1624812A , 日本专利公幵号 1990-144810、 1994-148001、 1994-181013、 1994- 181014和 1994- 181015揭示了多种 复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 它们都是将光缆布置在电缆绝缘层和护套 之间， 属于内置式。 在内置式方法中， 光缆非常一致地处于电缆绝缘 外的某一层， 解决了上述外置式的问题， 但必须处理电缆接头处光纤 的连接问题， 这使电缆接头安装过程变得复杂。 通常要采用一根跳线 光缆， 两个熔接点， 分别和两根电缆的光纤抽头熔接。 也就是说， 为 了监测一根电缆的温度分布， 测温光纤上熔接点的数量至少是电缆接 头数量的两倍。 对于较长的电缆， 光纤熔接点的数量可能太多。 光纤 熔接点有一定的损耗和不可靠性， 对 DTS测温造成负面影响。 内置式 的另一个显著的缺点是， 由于光纤所处的位置， 在电缆在制造、 盘 卷、 运输、 安装和运行阶段有可能受到张力。 而光纤的机械强度很 低， 一旦损坏又无法维修。 因此对光纤的保护设计、 制造和施工都提 出了较高的要求。
除了受外力破坏外， 电缆及其附件的制造质量缺陷、 安装质量缺 陷和绝缘老化都会引发电缆故障。 这些故障在导致电缆最终破坏前， 通常有一个绝缘劣化而产生局部放电的过程。 对局部放电的检测是故 障监测的一个重要手段。 光纤传感技术可以用于局部放电的检测， 如 通过干涉的方法， 可以检测到电缆局部放电产生的超声波和其他异常 的机械振动。 这需要沿电缆长度方向上布置探测光缆， 同样存在上述 光缆放置位置所带来的问题。 并且， 由于超声波的传播具有方向性并 且迅速衰减， 发生在同一截面上的相同强度的局部放电， 布置在偏心 一侧的探测光纤可能因为局部放电位置所处的角度不同而给出不同的 检测量， 甚至可能检测不到。
统计表明， 电缆中间接头和电缆终端在电缆系统投入运行的前几 年， 其故障率远远大于电缆本体的故障率。 故障类型既包括由于电缆 导体的连接件或接线柱的不良连接导致过热， 也包括电缆中间接头和 电缆终端由于设计、 制造和安装阶段引入的缺陷或不良点导致的绝缘 故障。 而在上述的光缆布置方案中， 探测光纤位于地电势的电缆绝缘 外部， 而该部绝缘的几何尺寸都大于电缆本体的绝缘， 在更多的情 况， 光纤甚至不得不布置在具有更大几何尺寸的电缆金属屏蔽或电缆 接头防水套外。 这时， 探测光纤所在的位置对导体发热的温度响应和 电缆本体的情况相比， 既弱又滞后。 为电缆本体而建立的计算导体温 度的数学模型就不能在此适用， 电缆的温度异常也不容易被探测到。 同样地， 其内部绝缘故障所产生的局部放电信号因为要穿透较厚的绝 缘和其他护屠， 也衰减得较为严重， 不易被探测光纤所捡测到。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的上述不足， 提供一种含有探测 光纤的高压电力电缆。 利用本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆直接检 测到电缆导体温度， 为负荷监控提供关键的状态变量， 并且使其处于 检测局部放电产生的超声波的最佳位置， 探测光纤位于在电缆弯曲时 形变最小的区域， 光纤同时受到电缆各层结构的保护， 降低受外力损 坏的可能性， 也使得在电缆的中间接头和终端可以进行光纤的连接。
本发明提供的技术方案如下：
一种复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 由核心以及围绕该核心的外护套 组成， 所述的核心由自内向外依次设置的导体、 绝缘层和金属屏蔽层 组成， 其特征在于， 所述的导体内设有至少一个通道， 每个通道内设 有至少一根光缆， 每根光缆内包裹有至少一根光纤， 通道和光缆沿电 缆轴向沿伸， 分布于电缆的全长， 所述通道的直径大于所述的光缆的 直径， 所述光缆的长度大于所述通道的长度， 该光缆弯曲地布于所述 的通道内。
本发明提供的高压电力电缆可以是塑料绝缘电缆或充油电缆， 可 以是单核心、 也可以是多核心。 典型地， 还具有半导体材料制作的导 体屏蔽层和绝缘屏蔽层。
所述通道的截面比光缆的截面大， 通道空间足够大， 使容纳的光 缆可以在一定范围内运动， 通道的内径在 3讓至 30讓间， 而光缆的外 径为 lmm至 5mm。 则通道可允许光缆做径向和轴向的运动， 且光缆的长 度相对于通道的长度具有冗长， 以使光缆呈自然弯曲或呈螺旋形或蛇 形。
所述的通道可以是由电缆的导体卷制形成的空心， 也可以优选地 由嵌于导体内的中空导管来提供。 导管优选为一个位于电缆导体轴心 的直圆管。 对大截面扇形型线导体的电缆， 导管可以是一个位于导体 轴心的正多边形直管。
所述的导管可以提供超过一个的通道。 一个优选的方案是在所述 的导管内分隔出若干中心对称的扇形截面通道。
为容纳多根光缆， 本发明的另一个优选方案是由多根独立的圆形 导管中心对称地布置在导体的中心， 每根导管内可以布置一根或者多 根光缆。 ，
所述导管的制作材料可以为铜' 铝， 所选用的铜或铝等导体材料 的导管本身也可以成为电缆导体的一部分， 导管也可以采用不锈钢或 其他具有良好机械特性和非磁性的金属材料制成。 导管也可以采用非 金属材料制成。
所述的导管也可以优选为双层结构， 其外套为提供机械强度的金 属， 内层为提供热缓冲的塑料。 光缆的外护层为金属时， 塑料层还可 为其和光缆起到自润滑作用。
所述的导管内还可以涂有润滑剂。 所述的润滑剂为石墨粉、 沸石 粉或者矿物油。 所述导管内壁的润滑在有些情况是必要的。 因为在安 装中间接头时， 需要将光缆拉出， 拉出后还要将其推入导管中， 会发 生光缆和导管内壁的摩擦。
在本发明中， 优选的光缆由光纤和围护光纤的金属护套构成， 更 优地， 所述金属护套外具有一层塑料护套， 起到热缓冲和自润滑作 用。 无缝不锈钢护套可以制成外径为 1. 5mm至 2. 0匪， 其中包容若干根 光纤。 所述的光纤金属护套也可以由细金属丝紧密绕制成金属软管。 这些光缆可以提供在电缆附件安装过程中， 其被拉出导体和推入导体 所需要的抗拉强度和抗过弯曲的能力。 甚至， 其在合适的螺旋形或蛇 形的形状下， 有一定的回缩力， 拉出的部分能全部或部分地自动缩回 其所在的位于电缆导体的通道内。
本发明中光纤指主要由石英构成的裸光纤或具有涂覆层的裸光 纤， 其不能承拉， 容易折断； 光缆包括光纤和承拉和 /或径向压力缓冲 的保护结构。 典型地， 光缆具有塑料或金属护套或护层。 高压指 35kV 和以上的交流或直流电压， 包括高压， 超高压和特高压。
本发明的技术效果：
首先探测光纤可以直接检测到电缆导体温度， 为负荷监控提供关 键的状态变量。 其次， 由于探测光纤位于绝缘部件的轴心， 处于检测 局部放电产生的超声波的最佳位置。'最后， 该位置也是在电缆弯曲时 形变最小的区域， 光纤同时受到电缆各层结构的保护， 受外力损坏的 可能性几乎没有。 在本发明的电缆的截断面， 光缆可部分拉出， 又可 全部或部分退回该通道。 利用本发明的电缆可以保诋在电缆的中间接 头和电缆终端进行光缆连接。 附图说明
图 1是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 1横向截面示意 图。
图 2是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 2横向截面示意 图。
图 3是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 3横向截面示意 图。
图 4是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 4横向截面示意 图。
图 5是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆光缆放置方式实施例示 意图。
其中，
1一导管 2—导体 3—导体屏蔽层 4一绝缘层
5—绝缘屏蔽层 6—金属屏蔽层 7—外护套 8—光缆
9一三导管 10—光缆 11一三通道导管 12—光缆
13—四通道导管 14一光缆 15—导管 具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施例来对本发明的复合光纤的高压电力 电缆做进一步的详细描述， 但不能因此而限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 由核心以及围绕该核心的外 护套组成， 所述的核心由自内向外依次设置的导体、 绝缘层和金属屏 蔽层组成， 所述的导体内设有至少一个通道， 每个通道内设有至少一 根光缆， 所述通道的直径大于所述的光缆的直径， 所述光缆的长度大 于所述通道的长度， 该光缆弯曲地分布于所述的通道内。 所述的导体 与绝缘层之间以及绝缘层与金属屏蔽层之间分别设置有一半导体屏蔽 层。
复合光纤的高压电力电缆的主要结构包括至少一个核心， 该核心 具有一个导体和围绕该导体的绝缘层和金属屏蔽层； 该核心外具有绝 缘的外护套。 在工作条件下， 所述导体处于高压电势， 并输送电力。 该电缆包括至少一个通道， 其位于所述导体的内部； 至少一根光缆， 被所述通道所容纳； 该光缆内具有至少一根光纤。 上述通道、 光缆和 光纤沿电缆的纵向延伸， 分布在电缆的全长。 相对于光缆的截面， 通 道的截面空间较大， 令光缆不仅可以在其中活动， 而且呈弯曲状态， 相对于通道的长度光缆具有一定的冗长。 光缆也可以直接制造成螺旋 形或蛇形。 在电缆导体的截断面， 所述光缆可以由通道内拉出一部 分， 拉出的光缆又可以全部或部分退入该通道内。
在优选方案中， 通道空间足够大， 使容纳的光缆可以自由运动， 通 道的内径在 3mm至 30讓， 光缆的外径为 1画至 5扁。
所述通道可以是由电缆的导体卷制形成的空心， 或优选地， 由导 管来提供。 在本发明中， 导管优选为一个位于电缆导体轴心的直圆 管。 该圆管具有适当的壁厚来获得足够的机械强度， 以保证其和导体 的导线扎制时不发生明显的形变。 对大截面扇形型线导体的电缆， 导 管可以是一个位于导体轴心的正多边形直管。
导管可以提供超过一个的通道， 主要目的是容纳多根光缆。 一个 优选的方案是在一个圆管内分隔成若干中心对称的扇形截面通道。 为 容纳多根光缆， 本发明的另一个优选方案是多根独立的圆导管中心对 称地布置在导体的中心。 在实际应用中， 带有光缆的导管可以预制， 再和导体扎制。
导管的制作材料优选为铜或铝， 所选用的铜或铝等导体材料的导 管本身也可以成为电缆导体的一部分， 承担输送电力的任务。 导管也 可以采用不锈钢或其他具有良好机械特性和非磁性的金属材料制成。 导管也可以采用非金属材料制成， 所用非金属材料的工作温度极限不 小于电缆导体的工作温度极限。 非金属材料通常具有比较高的热阻， 虽然会使光纤温度检测滞后， 但可以形成一个热缓冲层， 保护内部的 光缆和光纤在电缆有瞬时大电流时不受损坏。 因此， 更优地， 导管具 有双层结构， 外套为金属， 提供机械强度， 内层为塑料， 提供热缓 冲。 如光缆的外护层为金属时， 该塑料层还可为其和光缆提供自润滑 作用。
所述的导管内涂有润滑剂。 所述的润滑剂为石墨粉、 沸石粉或者 矿物油。 所述导管内壁的润滑在有些情况是必要的。 因为在安装中间 接头时， 需要将光缆拉出， 拉出后还要将其推入导管中， 会发生光缆 和导管内壁的摩擦。 另外， 在可 达三十年的电缆服务寿命期间， 电 缆的机械振动也可能导致光缆和导管内壁的摩擦。 可以在制造导管的 时候， 在其中添加石墨、 滑石粉、 矿物油等润滑剂。
在本发明中， 优选的光缆由光纤和围护光纤的金属护套构成， 更 优地， 所述金属护套外具有一层塑料护套， 起到热缓冲和自润滑作 用。 无缝不锈钢护套可以制成外径为 1. 5皿至 2. 0醒， 其中包容若干根 光纤。 所述的光纤金属护套也可以由细金属丝紧密绕制成金属软管。 这些光缆可以提供在电缆附件安装过程中， 其被拉出导体和推入导体 所需要的抗拉强度和抗过弯曲的能力。 甚至， 其在合适的螺旋形或蛇 形的形状下， 有一定的回缩力， 拉出的部分能全部或部分地自动縮回 其所在的通道内。 实施例 1
图 1是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 1横向截面示意 图。 由图可见， 该复合光纤的高压电力电缆包括导管 1， 导体 2、 导体 屏蔽层 3、 绝缘层 4、 绝缘屏蔽层 5、 金属屏蔽层 6、 外护套 7及光缆 8， 在本实施例中， 外护套 7为护套的一种形式， 还可以有其它形式， 也可以在外护套中或者外护套内外相邻部位设置绝缘护层，导管 1的中 心为容纳光缆 8的通道。
位于电缆中心的导体 2传输电力。 导管 1为由铜制作的直圆管， 紧 密地扎制在导体 2的轴心， 具有导热性能优异的特点， 因此导管 1内探 测光缆 8可以直接探测到导体 2的 度。 导管 1内通道的截面空间比光 缆 8的截面大。 本实施例中导体的横截面积为 1000平方毫米。 导管 1 的内径为 10毫米， 壁厚为 2毫米， 导管 1 具有双层结构， 外套为铜 管， 提供机械强度， 内层为塑料， 提供热缓冲。 光缆 8 由光纤和不锈 钢光纤导管构成， 外径为 2. 5毫米。 光缆 8的拉直长度相对于电缆的长 度具有 5%的富余， 在该电缆的截断面可拉出 10厘米长度光缆， 并可全 部退回通道内， 这样可以实现该电缆在电缆中间接头处的电气和光学 的连接。
实施例 2
图 2是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 2横向截面示意 图。 由图我们可以看到本实施例中， 除了外层与实施例 1结构相同 外， 即自外向内依次包括外护套 7、 金属屏蔽层 6、 绝缘屏蔽层 5、 绝 缘层 4、 导体屏蔽层 3和导体 2， 在导体 2内放置三个导管 9， 每个导 管内放置有一根光缆 10。 本实施例中， 导体 2的横截面为 2000平方毫 米。 在电缆横截面中， 这三个导管呈中心对称的方式放置。 导管 9是 由铜制成的中空管， 每个导管的内径为 6毫米， 壁厚为 1毫米。 导管 9 内壁涂有石墨粉作为润滑剂。 当然， 在本实施例中， 导管的数量和具体排列方式可以根据不同 的需求而增加或者减少。 这样可以满足在电缆中放置多根光缆以满足 不同工作的要求。
实施例 3
图 3是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆实施例 3横向截面示意 图。 本实施例与上述实施例不同之处在于导管 11为一型材， 该导管内 具有三个通道， 每个通道内放置有一根光缆。
实施例 4
图 4是本发明的复合光纤的高 k电力电缆实施例 4横向截面示意 图。 本实施例与上述实施例不同之处在于导管 13为一型材， 该导管内 具有四个通道， 每个通道内放置有一根光缆。
图 5是本发明的复合光纤的高压电力电缆光缆放置方式实施例示 意图。 光缆 14以自然弯曲的方式放置在导管 15中。
如有特殊的需求， 可以在光缆 14允许的半径范围内将具有一定刚 性的光缆加工成在自然状态下呈蛇形或螺旋形， 这样光缆本身具有一 定的弹性，、当光缆被拉出导体后， 其自身弹性可以提供自回缩的能 力。
导体的材料可由铜或以铜为主要成分的合金、 铝或以铝为主要成 分的合金、 或不锈钢等材料制成， 也可以使用耐高温的非金属材料制 成， 也可以是上述材料构成的多层结构以满足特定的需求。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 由核心以及围绕该核心的外护 套组成， 所述的核心由自内向外依次设置的导体、 绝缘层和金属屏蔽 层组成， 其特征在于， 所述的导体内设有至少一个通道， 每个通道内 设有至少一根光缆， 通道和光缆沿电缆轴向沿伸， 分布于电缆的全 长， 所述通道的直径大于所述的光缆的直径， 所述光缆的长度大于所 述通道的长度， 该光缆弯曲地分布于所述的通道内。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的导体与绝缘层之间以及绝缘层与金属屏蔽层之间分别设置 有一半导体屏蔽层。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的光缆由光纤和围护光纤的金属护套组成。
4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的光缆呈螺旋形或蛇形分布于所述的通道中。
5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的通道由导管围护， 该导管同通道一起纵向延伸， 分布于电 缆的全长。
6. 根据权利要求 5 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的导管由铝、 或铜、 或以铝、 铜为主要成分的合金、 或不锈 钢材料制成。
7. 根据权利要求 5 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的导管为双层结构， 外层为金属材料， 内层为塑料。
8. 根据权利要求 5 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的导管内涂有润滑剂。
9. 根据权利要求 8 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述的润滑剂为石墨粉、 或沸石粉、 或矿物油。
10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的复合光纤的高压电力电缆， 其特征在 于， 所述通道的内径为 3mm至 30麵， 所述光缆的外径为 1讓至 5匪。
PCT/CN2008/001952 2007-12-13 2008-12-01 Cable de grande puissance à fibres composites Ceased WO2009079920A1 (fr)

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