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WO2009076819A1 - 多用户多入多出发射信号的方法、装置和通信系统 - Google Patents

多用户多入多出发射信号的方法、装置和通信系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009076819A1
WO2009076819A1 PCT/CN2008/073149 CN2008073149W WO2009076819A1 WO 2009076819 A1 WO2009076819 A1 WO 2009076819A1 CN 2008073149 W CN2008073149 W CN 2008073149W WO 2009076819 A1 WO2009076819 A1 WO 2009076819A1
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Prior art keywords
matrix
data
unit
interference
block
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Luxi Yang
Daofeng Xu
Bin Li
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426Power distribution
    • H04B7/0434Power distribution using multiple eigenmodes
    • H04B7/0443Power distribution using multiple eigenmodes utilizing "waterfilling" technique
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/046Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
    • H04B7/0465Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account taking power constraints at power amplifier or emission constraints, e.g. constant modulus, into account

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-input and multi-input (Mul t i-output) communication technology, in particular to a multi-user multi-input multi-output signal transmitting method, multi-user multi-input multi-output transmitting signal device Multi-user multiple input and multiple communication systems.
  • Mul t i-output multi-input and multi-input
  • the multi-user communication system includes a multi-user multi-input single-out (Mul t ple-Input Sing le-Output, MIS0) communication system and a multi-user MIM0 communication system.
  • Mul t ple-Input Sing le-Output, MIS0 multi-user multi-input single-out
  • the Tomlinson-Harahima precoding is used.
  • THP coding is widely used as a simple and easy nonlinear precoding technique.
  • the THP coding technology based on the multi-user MIS0 communication system can also be applied to the multi-user MIM0 communication system, specifically, the THP coding is performed by using multiple receiving antennas from the same user as different users of a single antenna. At this time, the cooperative processing between the user receiving antennas cannot be used in the multi-user MIM0 system, and therefore, in the multi-user MIM0 system, the optimality of the THP encoding cannot be guaranteed.
  • the main purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for transmitting signals by a multi-user MIM0.
  • the system communication capacity is increased.
  • Another main object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a device for transmitting signals by a multi-user MIM0, which eliminates interference between multiple users and improves system communication capacity.
  • Another main object of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a multi-user MIM0 communication system that eliminates interference between multiple users and improves system communication capacity.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for transmitting a signal by a multi-user MIM0, the method comprising: performing THP encoding on the original data; decomposing the channel matrix into a product of a triangular matrix or a triangular matrix and a matrix of the block. And using the demodulated matrix to forward-filter the data obtained by pre-coding to obtain a transmitted signal.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for transmitting a signal by a multi-user MIM0, where the device includes:
  • a channel matrix decomposition unit configured to decompose the channel matrix into a product of a lower triangular matrix and a unitary matrix, and transmit the result to the forward filtering unit;
  • the forward filtering unit is configured to obtain a ⁇ matrix obtained by decomposing the channel matrix from the channel matrix decomposition unit, and perform forward filtering on the data by using the obtained ⁇ matrix to obtain a transmission signal and output the signal.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-user MIM0 communication system, where the system includes: a transmitting end, a channel, and multiple receiving ends;
  • the original data is THP-encoded;
  • the channel matrix is decomposed into a product of a triangular matrix or a triangular matrix and a square matrix, and the pre-coded data is forward filtered by the decomposed matrix to obtain a transmission signal;
  • the received signal is pre-filtered through the ⁇ matrix, estimated by the diagonal matrix, and then subjected to modulo operation, and the original data is determined.
  • the method and device for transmitting signals in the multi-user M IM0 communication system and the multi-user MIM0 communication system according to the present invention perform THP encoding on the data, and decompose the MIM0 channel into a product of a block triangular matrix and a ⁇ matrix, thereby being able to
  • the interference between multiple users is effectively eliminated, the system speed is improved, and the joint processing between the multiple antennas at the receiving end can be utilized to improve the communication capacity of the system, thereby maximizing the communication capacity of the system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of transmission and reception of a multi-user MIM0 communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of encoding original data in Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of transmission and reception of a multi-user MIM0 communication system according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of encoding original data and allocating transmission power according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 shows the reachability rate performance curve of the four-issue and two-user MIM0 system in the simulation result
  • Figure 9 shows the probability distribution curve of the reachable rate of the four-issue and two-user MIM0 system in the simulation result
  • Figure 10 shows the rate performance curve of the six-issue and two-user MIM0 system in the simulation results.
  • Figure 11 shows the rate probability distribution curve of the six-issue and two-user MIM0 system in the simulation results.
  • Figure 12 shows the simulation results in the eight-four The rate probability distribution diagram of the two-user MIM0 system is received;
  • FIG. 13 is a performance curve of the four-user one-receiving four-user MIS0 system reachability rate in the simulation result.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method and apparatus for transmitting a signal at a transmitting end in a multi-user MIM0 communication system, which eliminates mutual interference between multiple users by decomposing a channel matrix into a product of a block triangular matrix and a ⁇ matrix.
  • the joint processing between multiple antennas at the receiving end can be utilized to improve the system communication capacity.
  • the number of lines is , and the sum of the number of receiving antennas of all user terminals is satisfied.
  • the channel matrix H is decomposed into the product of the triangular matrix and the ⁇ matrix of the block, namely:
  • each diagonal sub-block is a sub-matrix with a dimension of ⁇ xN.
  • each diagonal sub-block can be written as the product of the ⁇ matrix and the diagonal matrix, and e is the ⁇ matrix, satisfying
  • each diagonal sub-block can be written as the product of the ⁇ matrix and the diagonal matrix.
  • the post-encoding user does not have any interference with the first encoding user, thereby improving communication capacity and improving system performance.
  • each diagonal sub-block can be written as a product of a unitary matrix and a diagonal matrix, namely:
  • the channel matrix of the base station to each user terminal can be regarded as the product of the unitary matrix and the diagonal matrix.
  • the receiver can be designed as:
  • a method of transmitting a signal at a transmitting end a method of receiving a signal at a receiving end, and a specific embodiment of a device for transmitting a signal at a transmitting end are given.
  • Embodiment 1 Multi-user MIM0 communication system without power injection
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission and reception of the multi-user MIM0 communication system in the first embodiment.
  • Step 11 THP encoding the original data of the first user terminal, and obtaining, expressed by the formula:
  • the modulus r is determined by the transmission power and the modulation order. For example, if you use M-QAM modulation, then.
  • the data of the first to k-1 coding sequences is transmitted to the receiving end, and the data of the kth coding order is interfered; and w '' indicates the first to k-1 coding order.
  • the interference of the data of the kth coding sequence when the data is transmitted to the receiving end is converted to the equivalent interference of the transmitting end.
  • the block diagram of the implementation of THP encoding the original data in step 11 is shown in Figure 2.
  • the interference of the first coding user to the post-coded user can be pre-empted, thereby improving the communication capacity and improving the system performance.
  • the transmitting end transmits the transmission signal obtained according to the above steps 11 and 12 to the receiving end through the channel, and then receives The receiving signal at the end is:
  • the joint processing between the multiple antennas at the receiving end can be utilized to further improve the system communication capacity.
  • the sub-matrix on each main diagonal in the block triangular matrix obtained by decomposing the channel matrix is obtained. It’s ⁇ The product of the matrix and the diagonal matrix simplifies the processing at the receiving end.
  • the apparatus for transmitting a signal in the first embodiment is shown below. As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus includes: a channel matrix decomposing unit and a forward filtering unit.
  • the channel matrix decomposition unit decomposes the channel matrix into a product of the lower triangular matrix and the ⁇ matrix ⁇ , and transmits it to the forward filtering unit; the forward filtering unit obtains the ⁇ matrix ⁇ obtained by decomposing the channel matrix from the channel matrix decomposition unit. And using the obtained ⁇ matrix ⁇ to forwardly filter the data to obtain a transmission signal and output.
  • the apparatus may further include a multi-stage interference pre-cancellation unit and a modulo unit, wherein the interference pre-cancellation unit obtains the block lower triangular matrix obtained by decomposing the channel matrix from the channel matrix decomposition unit, and uses the data fed back by the modulo unit And the acquired lower triangular array, the interference pre-cancellation of the original data is transmitted to the modulo unit; the modulo unit performs modulo operation on the data obtained after the interference pre-cancellation unit performs interference pre-cancellation, and transmits the data to the forward direction.
  • the filtering unit is simultaneously fed back to the lower-level interference pre-cancellation unit, and the forward filtering unit is further configured to perform forward filtering on the data obtained by the modulo unit by using the ⁇ matrix ⁇ to obtain a transmission signal and output.
  • Embodiment 2 System with power injection
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the transmission and reception of the multi-user MIM0 communication system in the second embodiment.
  • the step of transmitting the signal in the second embodiment includes: Step 21, for the first user terminal, the transmission power allocated to the kth user is 3 ⁇ 4 ... ] wherein each element corresponds to a different data stream of the kth user,
  • the original data is THP encoded, and then the transmitted power of the encoded user data is adjusted by the allocated transmit power A to obtain ⁇ , which is expressed by the formula:
  • Step 22 Perform forward filtering on the obtained ⁇ to obtain a transmitted signal, as in equation (15).
  • the transmitting end transmits the transmission signal obtained according to the above steps 21 and 22 to the receiving end through the channel, and the receiving signal at the receiving end is:
  • the kth user can use as a receiver, and then perform modulo operation processing, and then judge the original data, which is expressed as:
  • the apparatus for transmitting signals by the multi-user MIM0 in the second embodiment is shown below.
  • the multi-stage interference pre-cancellation unit, the modulo unit, the forward filtering unit, and the channel matrix decomposing unit included in the first embodiment are shown in FIG.
  • the device also includes a power distribution unit.
  • the data obtained by the modulo unit after performing the modulo operation only needs to be transmitted to the power allocation unit, and does not need to be fed back to the interference pre-cancellation unit;
  • the power distribution unit receives the data from the modulo unit, After the power is allocated to the data, the data is forwarded to the forward filtering unit and fed back to the interference pre-cancellation unit.
  • the interference pre-cancellation unit uses the data fed back by the power distribution unit to interfere with the original data. Pre-eliminated.
  • Embodiment 3 Optimizing the coding sequence
  • the base station may be determined that the function A ⁇ ⁇ maximum coding sequence and the coding sequence ⁇ corresponding to each user data is encoded according to the greatest ⁇ 2.
  • the preferred coding sequence can be determined in a case where the amount of calculation is small, so that the communication system reachable rate is maximized.
  • the step of transmitting a signal includes: Step 31: Determine a coding sequence that maximizes ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Step 32 Perform encoding on the original data of the user terminal according to the determined coding sequence.
  • the transmitted data is further allocated to each user data obtained by the encoding.
  • Step 33 Perform forward filtering on the data obtained in step 32 to obtain a transmission signal.
  • step 32 and step 33 use the methods given in the first embodiment and the second embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted here.
  • the apparatus further includes an encoding sequence optimization unit.
  • the coding sequence optimization unit obtains the block lower triangular matrix obtained by decomposing the channel matrix from the channel matrix decomposition unit, and decomposes the sub-matrix on the diagonal line in the lower triangular matrix into a matrix.
  • the product of the diagonal matrix is optimized, and the encoded sequence is optimized by using the decomposed diagonal matrix, and the optimized coding sequence is sent to the interference pre-cancellation unit.
  • the interference pre-cancellation unit encodes the data of each user in accordance with the obtained coding order.
  • the channel matrix is decomposed into a product of a triangular matrix and a ⁇ matrix, but is not limited thereto, and the channel matrix may be decomposed into a product of a triangular matrix and a ⁇ matrix on the block.
  • the channel matrix may be decomposed into a product of a triangular matrix and a ⁇ matrix on the block.
  • the inventors have simulated a variety of possible multi-user MIM0 systems.
  • the downlink channel between the base station and each user is distributed from the independent Rayle igh and remains unchanged in one data frame. It is assumed in all simulations that the base station can fully obtain the downlink channel information, that is, the method provided by the present invention is applicable to a TDD system or an FDD system with channel information feedback.
  • the Monte Car lo simulations were more than 20,000 times.
  • Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the reachability rate and rate probabilities of the six-issue and two-user MIM0 systems.
  • Figure 12 shows the rate probability distribution of the eight-in-four-received two-user MIM0 system. It can be seen from Fig. 10 - 12 that with the increase of the receiving antenna at the user end, the system reachable rate of the MIM0-THP is greatly improved compared with the MIS0-THP: 1.3bi t in the wide range (three antennas at the receiving end) ) and 2bi t (receiver four antennas), while the optimal and suboptimal ordering results in less gain. This is mainly because the more the antennas at the receiving end, the more obvious the gain brought by the joint reception, and the sorting is not obvious when the number of users is small.
  • Figure 13 shows the system's reachability performance curve. It can be seen from Figure 13 that MIM0-THP and MIS0-THP are completely coincident at this time. This shows that MIM0-THP can be regarded as a promotion of the traditional MIS0-THP, which can be used for single-antenna multi-user systems as well as multi-antenna multi-user systems.
  • the present invention can achieve a certain increase in system speed by optimizing the coding order.
  • the optimization method of the coding sequence provided by the present invention can reduce the calculation amount of the coding sequence optimization, thereby reducing the computational processing load of the transmitting end and improving the system performance.
  • the method for transmitting signals in the multi-user MIM0 communication system provided by the present invention can be applied to a multi-user MIS0 communication system, and when the multi-user MI SO communication system also uses the method provided by the present invention, the system capacity From the perspective of the existing existing multi-user MI S0 system
  • the THP coding method has the same performance.

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Description

多用户多入多出发射信号的方法、 装置和通信系统 技术领域
本发明涉及多入多出 ( Mul t i-input Mul t i-output , ΜΙΜΟ )通信技术, 特别是指一种多用户多入多出发射信号的方法、 多用户多入多出发射信号 的装置和多用户多入多出通信系统。 背景技术
对于具有多个发射天线的通信系统来说, 向多个用户分别发射不同数据 时, 釆用同频同时的方式发射, 这样导致多个用户数据之间必然存在相互干 扰, 因此, 如何消除多个用户之间的相互干扰是多用户通信系统需要解决的 技术问题。 多用户通信系统包括多用户多入单出 ( Mul t i ple-Input S ing le-Output , MIS0 )通信系统和多用户 MIM0通信系统。
在多用户 MIS0 通信系统中, 釆用了汤姆林森-哈拉希玛预编码
( Toml inson-Harashima Precoding , THP ) 。 THP 编码作为一种简单易行的 非线性预编码技术得到广泛应用。
基于多用户 MIS0通信系统的 THP编码技术也可以应用于多用户 MIM0通 信系统中, 具体为, 将来自同一个用户的多个接收天线当作单天线的不同用 户来进行 THP编码。 此时, 在多用户 MIM0系统中无法釆用用户接收天线之间 的协作处理, 因此, 在该多用户 MIM0系统中, 无法保证 THP编码的最优性。
在多用户 MIM0通信系统中,由于多个用户之间的干 4尤加上用户内部多个 数据流之间的相互干扰, 所以如果不消除用户之间的干扰则系统性能会受到 严重影响。 发明内容
本发明实施例的主要目的在于提供一种多用户 MIM0发射信号的方法,消 除多个用户之间的干扰, 提高系统通信容量。
本发明实施例的另一主要目的在于提供一种多用户 MIM0 发射信号的装 置, 消除多个用户之间的干扰, 提高系统通信容量。
本发明实施例的另一主要目的在于提供一种多用户 MIM0通信系统,消除 多个用户之间的干扰, 提高系统通信容量。
为了达到上述目的, 本发明实施例提供一种多用户 MIM0 发射信号的方 法, 该方法包括: 对原始数据进行 THP编码; 将信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵 或块上三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 并利用所分解得到的酉阵对预编码得到的数据 进行前向滤波, 得到发射信号。
为了达到上述目的, 本发明实施例提供一种多用户 MIM0 发射信号的装 置, 该装置包括:
信道矩阵分解单元, 用于将信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 并传给所述前向滤波单元;
前向滤波单元, 用于从信道矩阵分解单元中获取对信道矩阵分解得到的 酉阵, 并利用所得到的酉阵对数据进行前向滤波得到发射信号并输出。
为了达到以上目的,本发明实施例提供一种多用户 MIM0通信系统,该系 统包括: 发射端、 信道和多个接收端;
在所述发射端,
对原始数据进行 THP编码; 将信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵或块上三角阵 与酉阵的乘积 ,并利用所分解得到的酉阵对预编码得到的数据进行前向滤波, 得到发射信号;
通过所述信道将所述信号发送到接收端;
在所述第 k个接收端,
对接收信号通过酉阵 进行预滤波, 通过对角阵 进行估计, 然后进 行取模运算之后, 判决得到原始数据,
其中, 所述 和 满足 = , 为所述块下三角阵或块上三角阵中 对角线上第 k个子矩阵; 其中 k为多个用户中的任一用户。
通过本发明给出的多用户 M IM0通信系统中发射信号的方法和装置 ,以及 多用户 MIM0通信系统, 对数据进行 THP编码, 并将 MIM0信道分解成块三角 阵与酉阵的乘积, 从而能够有效地消除多个用户之间的干扰, 提高了系统速 率, 同时可以利用接收端多天线之间的联合处理来提高系统通信容量, 从而 能够实现系统通信容量的最大化。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例一中多用户 MIM0通信系统的收发原理图; 图 2为本发明实施例一中对原始数据进行编码的示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例一中发射信号的装置示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例二中多用户 MIM0通信系统的收发原理图; 图 5 为本发明实施例二中对原始数据进行编码并分配发射功率的示意 图;
图 6为本发明实施例二中发射信号的装置示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例三中发射信号的装置示意图;
图 8为仿真结果中四发二收二用户 MIM0系统的可达速率性能曲线; 图 9为仿真结果中四发二收二用户 MIM0 系统的可达速率的概率分布曲 线;
图 10为仿真结果中六发三收二用户 MIM0系统的可达速率性能曲线; 图 11为仿真结果中六发三收二用户 MIM0系统的速率概率分布曲线; 图 12为仿真结果中八发四收二用户 MIM0系统的速率概率分布图; 图 13为仿真结果中四发一收四用户 MIS0系统可达速率性能曲线。 具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白, 下面举具体实施例, 对本发明作进一步详细的说明。 本发明实施例给出一种在多用户 MIM0 通信系统中在发射端发射信号的 方法和装置, 通过将信道矩阵分解成块三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 从而消除多个 用户之间的相互干扰, 同时可以利用接收端多天线之间的联合处理来提高系 统通信容量。
首先给出本发明实施例中多用户 MIM0通信系统的信道传输模型。假设基 站发射天线数为 M, 用户终端数为 K, 第 k (k=l, ...,K)个用户终端的接收天
TV = V N≤
线数为 , 所有用户终端的接收天线数目之和 ^满足 的关系。设 基站到各个用户终端之间的信道为 Rayleigh平衰落,则基站到用户终端侧的 信道矩阵 H为:
H" =「Hff H" ■■■ H"
( 1 )
下面将信道矩阵 H分解为块下三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 即:
H = LQH ( 2) 其中, 为块下三角阵,具有如式(3)所示形式, β为酉阵,满足 βχβ
Figure imgf000006_0001
在 中, 每个对角子块 是维数为 ^xN的子矩阵。 下面给出对信道矩阵 H进行块下三角阵分解的方法 (
Figure imgf000006_0002
Figure imgf000006_0003
则 的 SVD分解为 如此对第 k ( k=l,…, K )个用户终端的信道函数进行 SVD分解, 直到第 Κ 个用户: 定义
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中 z是块下三角阵, 且 其每个对角子块均可以写成酉阵与对角阵的乘积, 而 e则是酉阵, 满足
QQH = T 首先证明 β = ^ … 是酉阵。
由 SVD分解可知, v k ( k^i...,K ) 的各列满足正交性,
Figure imgf000007_0002
由数学归纳法, 由式(4)可得: 由式(6)及式(7) 可得:
V2 HVl = 0 (8) 对于第 κ个用户, 有
HKvt = Hk (i - vy!1 )Vt = HK (V, -v,)^o, / = u- 1
(9) 式(9) 中第二个等式成立是因为由归纳假设 ^ ", ( ' k j' K 。 由此可得: v i = 0 , (/ = U-i)。 由此可知,
Figure imgf000007_0003
, 是酉阵。
然后证明 是块下三角阵, 且其每个对角子块均可以写成酉阵与对角阵 的乘积。
由式(4)可得:
Figure imgf000007_0004
= (HkV、 … HkVk^ UkDk 0 … 0)(V{ … Vk_x Vk (10) 综合考虑所有 ^1,… , 可得:
Figure imgf000008_0001
当釆用块下三角阵 作为等效信道矩阵时, 后编码用户对先编码用户没 有任何干扰, 从而能够提高通信容量, 提高系统性能。
另外, 对信道矩阵 H分解得到的块下三角阵 中, 每个对角子块 可以 写成酉阵与对角阵的乘积, 即:
^ VkDk ( 12 ) 其中, 为 的酉阵, ¾为^ ><^的实对角矩阵。
按照式(12 ) , 基站到各个用户终端的信道矩阵可以看作是酉阵 与对 角阵 的乘积, 则在用户终端中, 接收机可以设计为:
Gk = Dk-l ( 13 ) 此时, 每个用户内部多个数据流之间通过 的预滤波达到相互解耦, 而 通过后级 则可以达到各个数据流的最大似然估计, 从而能够简化接收机, 检测所需计算量减少。
下面给出在多用户 MIM0通信系统中,发射端发射信号的方法和接收端接 收信号的方法以及发射端发射信号的装置的具体实施例。
实施例一: 无功率注水的多用户 MIM0通信系统
图 1所示为本实施例一中多用户 MIM0通信系统的收发原理图。
在本实施例一中发射信号的步骤包括:
步骤 11 , 对第 个用户终端的原始数据 ¾进行 THP编码, 得到 , 用公 式表示为:
¾
Figure imgf000008_0002
其中, 模数 r是由发射功率和调制阶数决定。 例如, 若釆用 M-QAM调制, 则 。 式( 14 )中, 表示第 1至 k-1个编码顺序的数据发射到接收 端时对该第 k个编码顺序的数据的干扰; 而 w ' ' 表示将第 1至 k-1个编 码顺序的数据发射到接收端时对该第 k个编码顺序的数据的干扰折合到发射 端的等效干扰。
本步骤 11中对原始数据 进行 THP编码得到 的实现框图如图 2所示。 通过本步骤 11中的 THP编码,可以预消除先编码用户对后编码用户的干 扰, 从而能够提高通信容量, 提高系统性能。
步骤 12 , 对所得到的 ^进行前向滤波得到发射信号 用公式表示为: ζ = βχ ( 15 ) 发射端将按照上述步骤 11和 12得到的发射信号 ζ通过信道发送到接收 端, 则在接收端的接收信号为:
Figure imgf000009_0002
Figure imgf000009_0001
可以利用 =«作为接收机, 然后进行取模运算处理之后, 进行判决得到 原始数据, 用公式表示为:
¾ = (Gkyk) modr = (D LU" k )modr = (sk + rlk + w modr = sk + fik ( \ η ) 本实施例一中 ,通过本发明给出的多用户 ΜΙΜ0通信系统中发射信号的方 法和装置, 对数据进行 ΤΗΡ编码, 并将 ΜΙΜ0信道分解成块三角阵与酉阵的乘 积, 从而有效地消除了多个用户之间的干扰, 提高了系统速率。 这时, 可以 利用接收端多天线之间的联合处理来进一步提高系统通信容量。 本实施例一 中, 通过分解信道矩阵所得到的块三角阵中每个主对角元上的子矩阵又是酉 阵与对角阵的乘积, 这简化了接收端的处理。
下面给出本实施例一中发射信号的装置, 如图 3所示, 该装置包括: 信 道矩阵分解单元和前向滤波单元。
其中, 信道矩阵分解单元将信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵 与酉阵 β的乘 积, 并传给前向滤波单元; 前向滤波单元从信道矩阵分解单元中获取对信道 矩阵分解得到的酉阵 β , 并利用所得到的酉阵 β对数据进行前向滤波得到发 射信号并输出。 进一步地, 该装置还可包括多级干扰预消除单元和取模单元, 其中, 干扰预消除单元从信道矩阵分解单元中获取对信道矩阵分解得到的块 下三角阵, 利用取模单元反馈的数据和所获取的块下三角阵, 对原始数据进 行干扰预消除, 并传给取模单元; 取模单元对干扰预消除单元进行干扰预消 除之后得到的数据进行取模运算, 并传给前向滤波单元, 同时反馈给所述下 级干扰预消除单元, 前向滤波单元还用于利用酉阵 β对取模单元获得的数据 进行前向滤波得到发射信号并输出。
实施例二: 具有功率注水的系统
本实施例二中, 在发射端进行功率注水, 使得在基站发射功率不变的情 况下系统速率最大。图 4所示为本实施例二中多用户 MIM0通信系统的收发原 理图。
设给第 k个用户分配的发射功率为 ¾ … ] 其中每一个 元素对应第 k个用户的不同数据流,则在本实施例二中发射信号的步骤包括: 步骤 21 , 对第 个用户终端的原始数据 进行 THP编码, 然后用所分配 的发射功率 A调整编码得到的用户数据的发射功率, 得到 ^, 用公式表示为:
Figure imgf000010_0001
表示第 1至 k-1个编码顺序的数据发射到接收端时 对该第 k个编码顺序的数据的干扰; 而
Figure imgf000010_0002
表示将第 1至 k-1个编码 顺序的数据发射到接收端时对该第 k个编码顺序的数据的干扰折合到发射端 的等效干扰。
本步骤 21中对原始数据 进行 THP编码以及分配发射功率得到 的实现 框图如图 5所示。
步骤 22 , 对所得到的 ^进行前向滤波得到发射信号 如式(15 ) 。 在本实施例二中, 发射端将按照上述步骤 21和 22得到的发射信号 通 过信道发送到接收端, 则在接收端的接收信号为:
A = Hz = HQx + « = LQHQx + n + n
L
Figure imgf000011_0002
( 19 )
Figure imgf000011_0001
, 则第 k个用户 可以利用 作为接收机, 然后进行取模运算处理之后, 进行判决得 到原始数据, 用公式表示为:
¾ = (Gkyk )modT = («i¾)modr = (sk + rlk + «Jmodr = sk + Hk ( 20 ) 通过本实施例二, 不仅能够达到实施例一中的技术效果, 通过发射端的 功率注水, 还可以方便地实现空分复用 (数据流数等于发射天线数)到波束 形成(数据流数小于发射天线数)之间的切换, 因此有艮好的自适应性。
下面给出本实施例二中多用户 MIM0发射信号的装置,如图 6所示,在实 施例一中所包括的多级干扰预消除单元、 取模单元、 前向滤波单元、 信道矩 阵分解单元之外, 该装置还包括功率分配单元。 在本实施例二的装置中, 取 模单元将进行取模运算后得到的数据只需传给功率分配单元, 不需要反馈给 干扰预消除单元; 功率分配单元接收来自于取模单元的数据, 并对该数据进 行功率分配后, 传给所述前向滤波单元, 同时反馈给所述干扰预消除单元。 这时, 干扰预消除单元利用功率分配单元反馈的数据, 对原始数据进行干扰 预消除。
实施例三: 优化编码顺序
多用户 MIM0系统中,编码顺序不同则会存在性能差异。 因此如何优化编 码顺序是一个值得考虑的问题。 对于按照上述发射端的处理后所得到的等效 信道, 如果考虑到各个用户的接收机, 则多个用户多个流所形成的等效信道 增益是由 β,^ = 1,···, 的对角元所确定的。 对于一个特定的编码顺序 定义 D-diag(Dx D2 … D , 其对角元为 =( … ) , 则此时通过注水算法 得到的系统可达速率为:
R(^) =∑log2(l + )
(21 )
Pi 丄―
λ d (22)
Figure imgf000012_0001
其中, [χ] □ max(x,G) , p为总的发射功率, ^为第 i个流所对应的接收噪 声方差。因此,对于 K用户 MIM0系统来说,共有 K!种可能的编码顺序 , 对于每种编码顺序可以利用式(21 ) 求出注水后的系统速率, 因此最优编码 顺序为:
'o! ( 24 ) 若釆用式(22) 的方式确定编码顺序, 则由于这种方法对不同的信噪比 进行全搜索, 且每种排序均要进行注水, 故计算量相对较大。 因此, 下面给 出简化算法。
当信噪比 SVR→∞时, 有如下关系:
Figure imgf000012_0002
Figure imgf000012_0003
(25) 因此, 使 ϋ 达到最大则可以使系统的速率 R达到最大。
对于|/ ^ = ^-1 1的求解, 无须反复进行块下三角分解, 可以按照如 下过程进行:
首先令 为,
Figure imgf000013_0001
则有,
Η,Η" I = \U,D,V,HV,D,U" | = I
(27)
Figure imgf000013_0002
因此, 利用基站到每个用户的信道函数 A则可以确定使 ίϊΑΙ达到最大 的编码顺序, 并按照最大的 ΐϊ2 ^所对应的编码顺序对各用户数据进行编码。 通过上述方法, 本实施例三在达到上述实施例一和二的技术效果之外, 能够 在计算量较少的情况下, 能够确定较佳的编码顺序, 使得通信系统可达速率 最大。
在本实施例三中, 发射信号的步骤包括: 步骤 31, 确定使 ΏΙ Ι达到最大的编码顺序。
步骤 32,按照所确定的编码顺序,对用户终端的原始数据进行 ΤΗΡ编码。 当发射端对发射功率进行注水时, 在本步骤中进一步对编码得到的各用户数 据分配发射功率。
步骤 33, 对步骤 32中得到的数据进行前向滤波得到发射信号。
本实施例三中, 步骤 32和步骤 33的具体实现方法釆用实施例一和实施 例二中给出的方法, 在此省略其描述。
下面给出本实施例三中多用户 MIM0发射信号的装置,如图 7所示,在实 施例二中所包括的多级干扰预消除单元、 取模单元、 前向滤波单元、 信道矩 阵分解单元、 功率分配单元之外, 该装置还包括编码顺序优化单元。 在本实 施例三的装置中, 编码顺序优化单元从所述信道矩阵分解单元获取对信道矩 阵分解得到的块下三角阵, 将块下三角阵中的对角线上的子矩阵分解为酉阵 与对角矩阵的乘积, 并利用所分解得到的对角矩阵对编码顺序进行优化, 将 优化的编码顺序发送给所述干扰预消除单元。 此时, 干扰预消除单元按照所 得到的编码顺序, 对各用户的数据进行编码。
以上所述的实施例中, 信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 但并 不局限于此, 也可以将信道矩阵分解为块上三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 对于后者, 其具体实现方式可参照上述实施例, 在此省略其描述。
为了更好地说明本发明所带来的技术效果, 发明人对多种可能的多用户 MIM0系统进行了仿真。 在仿真过程中, 假设基站到各个用户之间的下行信道 月良从独立 Rayle igh分布, 且在一个数据帧内保持不变。 所有仿真中假设基站 可以完全得到下行信道信息, 即本发明所提供方法适用于 TDD系统或带有信 道信息反馈的 FDD系统。对于每种不同场景, Monte Car lo仿真次数均在 20000 次以上。
下面结合仿真结果,说明本发明中所提出的多用户 MIM0通信系统中发射 信号的方法所带来的系统性能的提高。
(一 ) 四发二收, 二用户 MIM0系统
图 8给出了系统的可达速率性能曲线。 从图 8中可以看出: 在 SNR=10dB 时,釆用 MIM0-THP比 BD提高约 2bi t s可达速率,比 MIS0-THP提高约 0. 6b i t。 而釆用最优的编码排序后,速率的提升约为 0. 15bi t。 当 SNR→∞时,釆用 THP 编码的三条曲线趋于重合。
图 9给出了可达速率的概率分布曲线 (CDF ) 。 从图 9 中可以看出: 在 SNR=10dB, 概率大于 50%以上时, MIM0-THP要优于 MIS0-THP约 0. 6b i t ; 釆 用次优的排序后, 系统速率的 CDF与未排序的重合, 而釆用最优排序能够带 来一定的性能增益。 (二)六发三收及八发四收, 二用户 MIM0系统
图 10、 图 11分别给出了六发三收二用户 MIM0系统的可达速率、 速率概 率分布。 图 12给出了八发四收二用户 MIM0系统的速率概率分布图。 从图 10 - 12 可以看出, 随着用户端接收天线的增多, 釆用 MIM0-THP的系统可达速 率比 MIS0-THP大大提高:在艮大范围内达到 1. 3bi t (接收端三天线)及 2bi t (接收端四天线) , 而最优及次优排序所带来的增益较小。 这主要是因为当 接收端天线越多, 其联合接收所带来的增益越明显, 而排序在用户数少的情 况下效果并不明显。
(三) 四发一收, 四用户 MI SO系统
图 13给出了系统的可达速率性能曲线。从图 13可以看出:此时 MIM0-THP 与 MIS0-THP完全重合。这说明 MIM0-THP可以看成是传统 MIS0-THP的一个推 广, 它既可以用于单天线多用户系统, 也可以用于多天线多用户系统。
通过以上仿真结果可以看出,本发明所提供的多用户 MIM0通信系统中的 发射信号的方法, 能够提高系统速率。
还有, 本发明通过编码顺序的优化, 系统速率能够得到一定的提升。 而 本发明给出的编码顺序的优化方法, 能够减少编码顺序优化的计算量, 因此 能够减轻发射端的计算处理负担, 能够提高系统性能。
另外,本发明所提供的多用户 MIM0通信系统中的发射信号的方法能够适 用于多用户 MIS0通信系统中, 当多用户 MI SO通信系统也釆用本发明所提供 的方法时, 从系统容量的角度考虑, 与目前现有的针对多用户 MI S0系统的
THP编码方法性能相同。
最后应说明的是: 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案, 而非对 其限制; 尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明, 本领域的普通 技术人员应当理解: 其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修 改, 或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换; 而这些修改或者替换, 并不 使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种多用户多入多出发射信号的方法, 其特征在于, 该方法包括: 对原始数据进行汤姆林森 -哈拉希玛预编码;
将信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵或块上三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 并利用所分 解得到的酉阵对预编码得到的数据进行前向滤波, 得到发射信号。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对原始数据进行汤姆 林森 -哈拉希玛预编码为:
确定对原始数据进行编码的编码顺序,从第 k个编码顺序的原始数据中, 去除将第 1至 k-1个编码顺序的数据发射到接收端时对该第 k个编码顺序的 数据的干扰折合到发射端的等效干扰;
对进行干扰预消除后得到的数据进行取模运算, 其中, 取模运算中的模 数由发射功率和调制阶数确定。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第 1至 k-1个编码顺 yL x 序的数据发射到接收端时对该第 k个编码顺序的数据的干扰为: ^ h '
» , ,, 一 , . , (/
所述等效干扰为: ^ ;
其中, χ'为对第 i个编码顺序的原始数据进行汤姆林森-哈拉希玛预编码 后得到的数据, 为所述块下三角阵或块上三角阵中对角线上第 k个子矩阵 的逆矩阵, 为所述块下三角阵或块上三角阵中第 k行第 i列的子块。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于, 在进行前向滤波之前, 进 一步包括: 分配发射功率。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述对原始数据进行汤姆 林森 -哈拉希玛预编码为:
确定对原始数据进行编码的编码顺序, 从第 k个编码顺序的数据中, 去 除将第 1至 k-1个编码顺序的数据发射到接收端时对该第 k个编码顺序的数 据的干扰折合到发射端的等效干扰;
对进行干扰预消除后得到的数据进行取模运算, 其中, 取模运算中的模 数由发射功率和调制阶数确定。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述第 1至 k-1个编码顺 k-l yL x 序的数据发射到接收端时对该第 k个编码顺序的数据的干扰为:
k-l
Pk l Lk (∑, LkiXi )
所迷寺效干扰为: ;
其中, 为对第 i个编码顺序的原始数据进行 THP编码后得到的数据, 为所述块下三角阵或块上三角阵中对角线上第 k个子矩阵的逆矩阵, ^为所 述块下三角阵或块上三角阵中第 k行第 i列的子块, —1为给第 k个用户分配 的发射功率的倒数。
7、根据权利要求 2或 5所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述确定对原始数据 进行编码的编码顺序为:
对所述块下三角阵或块上三角阵的对角线上的子矩阵分解为酉阵与对角 阵 的乘积; 使 I达到最大的编码顺序为对原始数据进行编码的编码顺序, 其中 为多用户多入多出通信系统中的用户数。
8、 一种多用户多入多出发射信号的装置, 其特征在于, 该装置包括: 信道矩阵分解单元, 用于将信道矩阵分解为块下三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 并传给所述前向滤波单元;
前向滤波单元, 用于从信道矩阵分解单元中获取对信道矩阵分解得到的 酉阵, 并利用所得到的酉阵对数据进行前向滤波得到发射信号并输出。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的多用户多入多出发射信号的装置,其特征在于, 该装置进一步包括:
多级干扰预消除单元, 用于从所述信道矩阵分解单元中获取对信道矩阵 分解得到的块下三角阵或块上三角阵, 利用反馈得到的数据和所获取的块下 三角阵或块上三角阵, 对原始数据进行干扰预消除, 并将干扰预消除后得到 的数据传给取模单元;
取模单元, 用于对所述干扰预消除后得到的数据进行取模运算, 并传给 所述前向滤波单元, 同时反馈给所述多级干扰预消除单元的下级干扰预消除 单元。
1 0、 根据权利要求 9所述的多用户多入多出发射信号的装置, 其特征在 于, 该装置进一步包括: 功率分配单元, 用于接收来自于取模单元的数据, 并对该数据进行功率分配后, 传给所述前向滤波单元, 同时反馈给所述干扰 预消除单元。
1 1、根据权利要求 9或 10所述的装置,其特征在于,该装置进一步包括: 编码顺序优化单元, 用于从所述信道矩阵分解单元获取对信道矩阵分解得到 的块下三角阵, 将块下三角阵中的对角线上的子矩阵分解为酉阵与对角矩阵 的乘积, 并利用所分解得到的对角矩阵对编码顺序进行速率优化, 将优化的 编码顺序发送给所述干扰预消除单元。
12、 一种多用户多入多出通信系统, 其特征在于, 该系统包括: 发射端、 信道和多个接收端;
在所述发射端,
对原始数据进行汤姆林森 -哈拉希玛预编码;将信道矩阵分解为块下三角 阵或块上三角阵与酉阵的乘积, 并利用所分解得到的酉阵对预编码得到的数 据进行前向滤波, 得到发射信号;
通过所述信道将所述信号发送到接收端;
在所述第 k个接收端,
对接收信号通过酉阵 进行预滤波, 通过对角阵 进行估计, 然后进 行取模运算之后, 判决得到原始数据,
其中, 所述 和 满足 = , 为所述块下三角阵或块上三角阵中 对角线上第 k个子矩阵;
其中 k为多个用户中的任一用户。
1 3、 根据权利要求 12所述的系统, 其特征在于,
在所述发射端, 在进行前向滤波之前, 进一步包括: 分配发射功率; 在所述第 k个接收端,对接收信号通过 进行预滤波之后,进一步包括: 用发射端所分配的发射功率对接收信号的功率归一化。
PCT/CN2008/073149 2007-12-14 2008-11-21 多用户多入多出发射信号的方法、装置和通信系统 Ceased WO2009076819A1 (zh)

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