WO2009074742A2 - Procede de fabrication d'esters alcooliques a partir de triglycerides et d'alcools au moyen de catalyseurs heterogenes a base de solide hybride a matrice mixte organique-inorganique - Google Patents
Procede de fabrication d'esters alcooliques a partir de triglycerides et d'alcools au moyen de catalyseurs heterogenes a base de solide hybride a matrice mixte organique-inorganique Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009074742A2 WO2009074742A2 PCT/FR2008/001330 FR2008001330W WO2009074742A2 WO 2009074742 A2 WO2009074742 A2 WO 2009074742A2 FR 2008001330 W FR2008001330 W FR 2008001330W WO 2009074742 A2 WO2009074742 A2 WO 2009074742A2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/04—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing carboxylic acids or their salts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1691—Coordination polymers, e.g. metal-organic frameworks [MOF]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/70—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their crystalline properties, e.g. semi-crystalline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/003—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fatty acids with alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/06—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils with glycerol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
- C11C3/00—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom
- C11C3/04—Fats, oils, or fatty acids by chemical modification of fats, oils, or fatty acids obtained therefrom by esterification of fats or fatty oils
- C11C3/10—Ester interchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/40—Substitution reactions at carbon centres, e.g. C-C or C-X, i.e. carbon-hetero atom, cross-coupling, C-H activation or ring-opening reactions
- B01J2231/49—Esterification or transesterification
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/32—Gallium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel process for producing alcoholic esters of monocarboxylic acids from fatty substances of vegetable or animal origin.
- the reaction mainly aimed at is a transesterification carried out according to Scheme I below and possibly a combined esterification and transesterification reaction, the esterification being carried out according to Scheme II below.
- the fatty acid esters are currently used in many applications as diesel fuels, domestic fuels, ecological solvents, basic compounds for the manufacture of sulfonates of fatty alcohols, amides, ester dimers, etc.
- the ester shall contain not less than 96.5% by mass of esters, not more than 0.8% by mass of mo ⁇ oglycerides, not more than 0,2% by mass of diglycerides and not more than 0,2% by mass of triglycerides, Few free fatty acids ( ⁇ 0.5 mg KOH per g), which may be corrosive, less than 0.25% by weight bound and free glycerin and trace metals only. This implies a precise protocol to obtain the desired purity.
- an ester When an ester is manufactured from oil or fat and monoalcohol, it is automatically formed, depending on the nature of the oil initially engaged, from 10 to 15% by weight of a secondary product, which is the glycerin.
- This glycerin is sold at a high price for various uses, but only when it is very pure. This is obtained after extensive purification in units specialized in vacuum distillation.
- the heterogeneous catalysis processes have the advantage of producing esters and glycerine free of catalyst and therefore easy to purify. However, it is often difficult to economically obtain both an ester and a high purity glycerin.
- European patent EP-B-0 198 243 describes the manufacture of methyl esters by transesterification of an oil with methanol, using as catalyst an alumina or a mixture of alumina and ferrous oxide. However, the WH (volume of oil injected / volume of catalyst / hour) is low, the amount of glycerin collected is much lower than theoretically expected and the purity of the esters obtained is quite low (between 93.5 and 98% ).
- Patent FR-B-2,752,242 in the name of the Applicant describes the use of solid and insoluble catalysts formed from zinc oxide and alumina or zinc aluminate.
- Patent Applications EP-A-1 505 048 and EP-A-1 593 732 also filed in the name of the Applicant describe a process for the transesterification of vegetable or animal oils using heterogeneous catalysts based on mixtures of oxides of titanium and alumina, zirconium oxide and alumina, antimony oxide and alumina or a combination of oxides of zinc and titanium, zinc oxide, titanium and alumina, bismuth oxides, and titanium or bismuth oxide, titanium and alumina.
- the present invention describes a process for producing a composition of alcoholic esters of linear monocarboxylic acids of 6 to 26 carbon atoms and of glycerin in which a fatty substance of animal or vegetable origin is reacted with an aliphatic monoalcohol. comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, in the presence of at least one heterogeneous catalyst, based on an hybrid solid hybrid organic-inorganic matrix.
- porous hybrid hybrids with organic-inorganic mixed matrix are coordination polymers. They consist of metal ions or polyhedra of metal ions associated with each other by at least one polyfunctionalized organic ligand at least bidentate.
- Organic-inorganic hybrid solids based on metals connected to one another by organic molecules can be used for applications such as the storage of gases such as hydrogen for example (US Pat. 127, 17998; Zhou, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 3896).
- a material based on the zinc element and a chiral pyridine ligand was synthesized by Kim et al, to catalyze the enantioselective transesterification of 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate by an alcohol.
- this material the synthesis of which is complex, is not very active since the conversion reaches 90% only after a hundred hours of reaction with, moreover, extremely low enantiomeric excesses (less than 10%) ( Kim, Nature, 404, 2000, 982).
- This reaction involves an ester activated by electron-withdrawing nitro groups, in the presence of a solvent at room temperature.
- catalysts based on porous hybrid solids with organic-inorganic mixed matrix advantageously have the capacity to catalyze the transesterification of fatty substances with methanol, as well as with heavier alcohols.
- ethyl, isopropyl or butyl esters which are of interest because often the pour points of the esters formed with the ethyl, isopropyl or butyl alcohols are lower than those of the methyl esters, the gain being sometimes of
- An advantage of the invention using a catalyst based on porous hybrid solids with organic-inorganic mixed matrix is in particular to allow a reduction in the reaction temperature, the contact time between the reagents or of the alcohol / fat ratio relative to the prior art, while improving the conversion rate and maintaining a high selectivity to esters.
- Another advantage of the invention lies in the fact that these solids catalyze transesterification and esterification reactions according to a heterogeneous catalysis process.
- the catalyst is not consumed in the reaction and is not dissolved in the reaction medium.
- it is easily separated from the reaction medium without loss of catalyst and without pollution of the reaction medium by dissolved species or catalyst residues.
- this catalyst is stable and recyclable under the experimental conditions of the reaction.
- This type of catalyst is compatible with use in a continuous industrial process, for example in a fixed bed and in which the catalyst charge can be used for a very long time without loss of activity.
- the fatty substances used in the process of the invention correspond to natural or elaborate substances of animal or vegetable origin, predominantly containing triglycerides, commonly grouped under the terms of oils and fats.
- Usable oils include all common oils, such as palm oils (concrete or oleic), soybean, palm kernel, copra, babassu, rapeseed (old or new), sunflower (conventional or oleic). ), maize, cotton, peanut, jatropha curcas, castor oil, linseed oil and crambe oils and all oils derived from sunflower or rapeseed by genetic modification or hybridization or from 'algae.
- oils used it is also possible to indicate partially modified oils, for example by polymerization or oligomerization, such as, for example, "standolies" of linseed oil, sunflower oil and blown vegetable oils.
- oils used are neutral or acid, virgin or recycled.
- the presence of fatty acids in the oils is not a priori detrimental because catalytic systems based on porous hybrid solids with organic-inorganic mixed matrix are also active for esterification and also convert the fatty acids into esters.
- the limit value for free fatty acids contained in the oils is at an acid number close to 10 (the acid number being defined as the mass in mg of KOH required for the determination of all the free fatty acids in 1 g oil).
- the operability of the process under these conditions is close to that defined with a low acid number oil (ie less than 0.2 mg KOH / g).
- oils with a very high acid number close to 10 mg of KOH / g
- one of the possibilities is to precede the transesterification reaction with an esterification reaction of the free fatty acids present, either in using the same alcohol as that used in the transesterification process in the presence of a strong acid such as sulfuric acid or soluble or supported sulfonic acids (Amberlyst 15 type resins), or preferably using glycerin, for to form a total or partial glycerol ester, using the same catalyst based on porous hybrid solids with organic-inorganic mixed matrix, at atmospheric pressure and preferably under vacuum and at temperatures between 150 and 220 ° C.
- frying oils which are a very cheap raw material for producing biodiesel, it is necessary to remove from the reaction mixture the fatty acid polymers afi n that the ester mixture meets the specifications of EN 14214.
- the nature of the alcohol involved in the process plays a role in the transesterification activity.
- various aliphatic monoalcohols containing, for example, from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic monoalcohol contains from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- methyl alcohol The most active is methyl alcohol.
- ethyl alcohol and isopropyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl and even amyl alcohols can be envisaged.
- Heavier alcohols such as ethyl hexyl alcohol or lauric alcohol may also be used. It is advantageously possible to add methyl alcohol to the heavy alcohols, which facilitates the reaction.
- ethyl ester when the ethyl ester is prepared, it is possible to use a mixture of ethyl and methyl alcohol comprising from 1 to 50% by weight, preferably from 1 to 10% by weight, of methyl alcohol so as to increase conversion.
- the coordinating polymer powders may be granulated with, for example, the use of organic or inorganic binders as described in patent application WO 2006/050898.
- binders, fillers, peptization agents also allows shaping in the form of extruded extrusion-extrusion.
- the drop coagulation technique can also be adapted to these hybrid solids.
- Alumina for example, can be used as a binder. This makes it possible to increase the surface area of the material, and often, to create a much more stable compound with regard to leaching and mechanical stresses.
- the alumina content represents up to 90% by weight relative to the total mass of the shaped material. Very preferably, the alumina content is between 10 and 70% by weight relative to the total weight of the shaped material.
- the coordination polymers consist of metal ions or inorganic polyhedra of metal ions, or nodes, interconnected by polyfunctionalized organic molecules, or ligands, having at least two chelating functions (carboxylates, amines, phosphonates, sulfonates, alkoxides ).
- These materials have pores, in particular micropores (size less than 2 nm) and mesopores (size between 2 and 50 nm).
- the specific surfaces of these materials can vary from 5 to 5000 m 2 / g, preferably from 100 to 3000 m 2 / g.
- metals used constituting the "nodes” of these materials mention may be made of metals from groups 2 to 17 of the periodic table.
- metals such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, Ti, Zr, Hf, V 1 Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Re 1 Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh 1 Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Al 1 Ga, In, Tl, Ge 1 Sn 1 Pb, As, Sb and Bi are preferred.
- Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, R, Mn, Mg, Ag are preferred.
- the metal ions present in the porous hybrid materials partially derived from the preceding list are the following: Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ , V 4+ , V 3+ , V 2+ , Nb 3+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mo 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Mn 2+ , Re 3+ , Re 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Co + , Rh 2+ , Rh + , Ir 2+ , Ir + , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , Pt 2+ , Pt + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Ag + , Au +
- the metal will be chosen from groups 2 to 15 of the periodic table.
- the metal will be chosen from groups 2 and 7 to 12 and more particularly from Zn, Cu, Cd, Ni, Fe, Co, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt, Mn, Mg, Ag.
- the metal ions present in the porous hybrid materials are the following: Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Sc 3+ , Y 3+ , Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Hf 4+ , V 4+ , V 3+ , V 2+ , Nb 3+ , Ta 3+ , Cr 3+ , Mo 3+ , W 3+ , Mn 3+ , Mn 2+ , Re 3 + , Re 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ , Ru 3+ , Ru 2+ , Os 3+ , Os 2+ , Co 3+ , Co 2+ , Co + , Rh 2+ , Rh + , Ir 2 + , Ir + , Ir + , Ni 2+ , Ni + , Pd 2+ , Pd + , Pt 2+ , R + , Cu 2+ , Cu + , Ag + , Au + , Zn 2+ , C
- metal oxides and their mixtures in any proportion, as well as salts of these metals, salts of halides, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, carbonates, oxalates, hydroxides, alkoxides, perchlorates, carboxylates or acetylacetonates.
- salts of these metals salts of halides, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates, carbonates, oxalates, hydroxides, alkoxides, perchlorates, carboxylates or acetylacetonates.
- the organic molecules having at least two chelating functions and constituting the framework of the material can comprise an alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aryl groups (from 1 to 5 benzene rings), a mixture of alkyl groups (from 1 to 10 carbon atoms) and aryl groups (from 1 to 5 benzene rings).
- These groups must be functionalized with at least two chemical groups such as COOH, CS 2 H, NO 2 , NH 2 , OH, SO 3 H 1 Si (OH) 3 , Ge (OH) 3 , Sn (OH) 3 , Si (SH) 4 , Ge (SH) 4 , Sn (SH) 3 , PO 3 H, AsO 3 H, AsO 4 H, P (SH) 3 , As (SH) 3 , CH (RSH) 2 , C (RSH) ) 3 , CH (RNH 2 ) 2 , C (RNH 2 J 3 , CH (ROH) 2 , C (ROH) 3 , CH (RCN) 2 , C (RCN) 3 where R is an alkyl group having between 1 and 10 carbon atoms or an aryl group having between 1 and 5 benzene rings, and CH (SH) 2 , C (SH) 3 , CH (NH 2) 2 , C (NH 2) 3 , CH (OH) 2 , C (OH) 3 ,
- ligands bearing carboxylic acid groups substituted or unsubstituted on the aromatic ring by the groups mentioned above, naphthalene dicarboxylate (NDC), or bearing amino groups such as bipyridi ⁇ es, will be used.
- NDC naphthalene dicarboxylate
- the organic ligand is terephthalic acid substituted or not on the benzene ring or 2-methylimidazole.
- the organic-inorganic mixed matrix porous hybrid solids used as catalysts in the present invention consist of ions or polyhedra of Zn 2+ and preferably interconnected by bidentate ligands derived from terephthalic acid. .
- This type of catalyst can advantageously be prepared by one of the methods described below.
- a conventional method for preparing a coordination polymer comprises a first step in which the zinc precursor is dissolved in water or in a polar organic solvent or a mixture of solvents, and the organic ligand is also in solution in water or in a polar organic solvent. In a second step, these two solutions are mixed and stirred.
- a third step consists in adding to the above mixture a base in aqueous solution (methylamine for example) or in solution in a polar organic solvent on the above mixture. This final mixture is then stirred or not. The hybrid material precipitates in the medium, it is filtered, washed with water or with an organic solvent, and then dried. It may possibly undergo a subsequent heat treatment to release the porosity.
- a hybrid organic-inorganic mixed matrix porous solid preferably used as catalyst in the present invention and consisting of Zn 2+ ions or polyhedra and interconnected by bidentate ligands derived from terephthalic acid is a hybrid crystallized material, called HMI-1, having the crystal structure detailed below.
- the IHM-1 hybrid material has an X-ray diffraction pattern including at least the lines listed in Table 1. This diffraction diagram is obtained by radiocrystallographic analysis using the conventional powder method using an X'Pert diffractometer.
- the routine analyzes of the material were recorded with a pitch of 0.05 ° for 5 seconds, up to 70 °. For more accurate recordings, the pitch is 0.02 ° for 10 seconds up to 120 °.
- the measurement error ⁇ (d hk i) on d h ⁇ is calculated as a function of the absolute error ⁇ (2 ⁇ ) assigned to the measurement of 2 ⁇ .
- An absolute error of ⁇ (2 ⁇ ) equal to ⁇ 0.02 ° is commonly accepted.
- the relative intensity 1 / I 0 assigned to each value of d hk i is measured from the height of the corresponding diffraction peak.
- the X-ray diffraction pattern of the IHM-1 hybrid material according to the invention comprises at least the lines with the values of d hk i given in Table 1.
- Table 1 Mean dhk i values and relative intensities measured on an X-ray diffraction pattern of the IHM-1 hybrid material
- the process for preparing the solid HMI-1 comprises the following steps: i. dissolving at least one zinc precursor based on anhydrous zinc dichloride and terephthalic acid (H 2 BDC) in at least one organic solvent ii. solution of 2-methylamine (MEA) in water iii. possibly, a mixture of the two previous solutions iv. crystallization filtration, washing and drying of the product obtained.
- the solvent used in the synthesis contains, in particular, dimethylformamide (DMF). It may possibly be associated with toluene.
- the crystallization step is between room temperature and 100 ° C. for 12 to 30 hours.
- the drying is carried out between 40 ° C. and up to a temperature of 200 ° C. Most often, the drying is carried out between 40 ° C. and 100 ° C., preferably between 45 ° C. and 75 ° C., for a period of time. varying between 15 minutes and 1 hour, usually about 30 minutes. Then, it is carried out between 100 0 C and 200 0 C, preferably between 130 and 170 0 C, usually for 2 to 8 hours and usually about 6 hours.
- the process is carried out at temperatures of between 130 ° C. and 220 ° C., at pressures of less than 100 bars with an excess of monoalcohol relative to the stoichiometry of fatty substances / alcohol.
- the reaction can be carried out according to different embodiments. If a batch reaction is used, it can be worked in one or two steps, that is to say carry out a first reaction up to 85% to 95% conversion to esters, cool by evaporating the reaction. excess alcohol, decanting the glycerin and ending the reaction by heating again to between 13O 0 C and 22O 0 C and adding alcohol to obtain complete conversion.
- a continuous reaction is undertaken, one can work with several autoclaves and decanters in series.
- a partial conversion is usually carried out less than 90% generally of at least 50% and most often of approximately 85%, then decanting by evaporating the alcohol and cooling;
- the transesterification reaction is completed under the conditions mentioned by adding a portion of the alcohol which has previously been evaporated.
- the excess alcohol is finally evaporated in an evaporator and the glycerine and the esters are separated by decantation.
- a continuous fixed bed process it is advantageously possible to work at temperatures of 130 to 220 ° C., preferably 150 to 180 ° C., at pressures of 10 to 70 bar, the WH being preferably comprised between 0.1 and 3, preferably from 0.3 to 2, in the first step and the alcohol / oil weight ratio varying from 3/1 to 0.1 / 1.
- the introduction of the alcohol can be advantageously fractionated.
- the two-level introduction into the tubular reactor can be carried out as follows: feeding the reactor with the oil and about 2/3 of the alcohol to be used, then introducing the alcohol supplement approximately at level of the upper third of the catalytic bed.
- the leaching behavior is checked in the present invention by the absence of traces from the catalyst both in the ester formed and in the glycerin produced.
- the recyclability of the catalyst is evaluated experimentally over time. If no more than 220 ° C, an ester of the same color as the starting oil and a colorless glycerine after decantation are generally obtained.
- the compounds produced are analyzed either by gas chromatography for the esters and glycerol or, more rapidly, by steric exclusion liquid chromatography for the esters.
- the ester and glycerol obtained do not contain impurities from the catalyst. Therefore, no purification treatment will be applied to remove the catalyst or the residues thereof in contrast to the catalysts operating in a homogeneous process for which the catalyst or its residues are, after reaction, located in the same phase as the ester and / or glycerine.
- the procedure is the same to obtain a purity glycerin of between 95 and 99.9% and preferably between 98 and 99.9%.
- the final purification is reduced to a minimum, while making it possible to obtain an ester with fuel specifications and a glycerine of purity of between 95 and 99.9% and preferably between 98 and 99.9%.
- the oil used in these examples is rapeseed oil whose fatty acid composition is as follows:
- Table 2 Composition of rapeseed oil.
- a zinc precursor (ZnCl 2 , purity> 98%, Sigma) and terephthalic acid (H 2 BDC 1 > 98% purity, Sigma) are dissolved in 250 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%, Sigma).
- 2-methylamine (MEA, 40% in H 2 O, Sigma) is dissolved in 100 ml of water and is added to the above mixture dropwise for 30 minutes.
- the product of the reaction is then allowed to crystallize for 24 hours and then isolated by filtration and rinsed twice with DMF.
- the solid obtained is then dried at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, then at 150 ° C. for 6 hours.
- the hybrid material HMI-1 thus obtained has an X-ray diffraction pattern including at least the lines listed in Table 1.
- Example 2 Transesterification of vegetable oils (rapeseed oil) with methanol from a hybrid solid hybrid organic-inorganic matrix-HM-1 mixed catalyst at 200 ° C.
- the conversion of the triglycerides begins while the reaction medium has not reached 200 ° C. (46% of esters at 100).
- the leaching of the catalyst in the ester phase is negligible (the zinc content, estimated by the inductively coupled plasma (IPC) technique is less than 200 ppm). This result is valid for all the following examples.
- Example 3 Transesterification of vegetable oils (rapeseed oil) with methanol from a hybrid organic-inorganic solid catalyst HMI-1 at 180 ° C.
- Example 2 is repeated using 25 g of rapeseed oil, 25 g of methanol and 1 g of HMI-1 catalyst prepared according to Example 1 and in powder form. The reaction is carried out at 180 ° C., the temperature of the reaction medium being stabilized at 180 ° C. after 20 minutes of heating.
- the following table summarizes the results obtained.
- Example 2 is repeated using 25 g of rapeseed oil, 25 g of methanol and 1 g of catalyst prepared according to Example 1 and in powder form. The reaction is carried out at 160 ° C., the temperature of the reaction medium being stabilized at 160 ° C. after 20 minutes of heating.
- the following table summarizes the results obtained.
- the conversion (estimated relative to triglycerides) is 99% in 6 hours.
- a methanoic solution of 2-methylimidazole (1.64 g in 50 ml of MeOH) is introduced with stirring dropwise in an ammoniacal solution of Zn (OH) 2 (0.994 g in 100 ml of 25% NH 3 ).
- stirring is stopped and the solid is allowed to precipitate for 4 days.
- the solid is then filtered and washed with 3 * 50 mL of a H 2 O / MeOH solution (1: 1 v: v) and then air dried (XC Huang, et al Angew Chem Int Ed, 2006, 45, 1557-1559).
- EXAMPLE 6 Transesterification of vegetable oils (rapeseed oil) with methanol from a hybrid porous solid catalyst with an organic-inorganic mixed matrix at 18 ° C.
- Example 2 is repeated using 25 g of rapeseed oil, 25 g of methanol and 1 g of catalyst prepared according to Example 5 and in powder form. The reaction is carried out at 180 ° C., the temperature of the reaction medium being stabilized at 180 ° C. after 20 minutes of heating.
- the following table summarizes the results obtained.
- the conversion (estimated relative to triglycerides) is 99% in 2 hours.
- Example 7 (Comparative) Transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol in the presence of zinc aluminate (ZnAbO 4 ) in powder form at 200 ° C.
- Example 2 is repeated using 25 g of rapeseed oil, 25 g of methanol and 1 g of ZnAl 2 O 4 catalyst in powder form. The reaction is carried out at 200 ° C., the temperature of the reaction medium being stabilized at 200 ° C. after 40 minutes of heating.
- the following table summarizes the results obtained.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112008002440T DE112008002440T5 (de) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-25 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Alkoholestern aus Triglyceriden und Alkoholen mittels heterogener Katalysatoren auf der Basis eines hybriden Feststoffs mit organisch-anorganischer Mischmatrix |
| SE1050396A SE534732C2 (sv) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-25 | Förfarande för framställning av alkoholestrar från triglycerider och alkoholer med användning av heterogena katalysatorer baserade på en fast hybrid med en organisk-oorganisk blandad matris |
| BRPI0817443-1A BRPI0817443A2 (pt) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-25 | Processo de produção de ésteres alcoólicos, a partir de triglicerídeos e de álcoois, por meio de catalisadores heterogêneos à base de sólido híbrido de matriz mista orgânica - inorgânica |
| US12/680,115 US20100293843A1 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-25 | Method of preparing alcohol esters from triglycerides and alcohols using heterogeneous catalysts based on a hybrid solid with an organic-inorganic mixed matrix |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR07/06852 | 2007-09-28 | ||
| FR07/06853 | 2007-09-28 | ||
| FR0706853A FR2921674B1 (fr) | 2007-09-28 | 2007-09-28 | Nouveau materiau hybride organique-inorganique |
| FR0706852A FR2921655B1 (fr) | 2007-09-28 | 2007-09-28 | Procede de fabrication d'esters alcooliques a partir de triglycerides et d'alcools au moyen de catalyseurs heterogenes a base de solide hybride a matrice mixte organique-inorganique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009074742A2 true WO2009074742A2 (fr) | 2009-06-18 |
| WO2009074742A3 WO2009074742A3 (fr) | 2009-11-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2008/001330 Ceased WO2009074742A2 (fr) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-25 | Procede de fabrication d'esters alcooliques a partir de triglycerides et d'alcools au moyen de catalyseurs heterogenes a base de solide hybride a matrice mixte organique-inorganique |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100293843A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0817443A2 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE112008002440T5 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2345316B2 (fr) |
| SE (1) | SE534732C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2009074742A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2951723B1 (fr) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-10-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouveau solide hybride organique-inorganique ihm-2-n3 pourvu d'une fonction azoture et son procede de preparation |
| FR2951725B1 (fr) * | 2009-10-23 | 2011-10-28 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Nouveau solide hybride organique-inorganique mil-53-ai-n3 pourvu d'une fonction azoture et son procede de preparation |
| CN111790403A (zh) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-20 | 成都国丰新能源科技有限公司 | 一种新能源混合生物甲酯燃料催化剂 |
| CN121022081A (zh) * | 2025-10-29 | 2025-11-28 | 宁波致微新材料科技有限公司 | 一种开孔结构的tpu复合发泡材料及其制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US893564A (en) | 1899-07-18 | 1908-07-14 | Wyckoff Seamans & Benedict | Type-writing machine. |
| DE3512497A1 (de) | 1985-04-06 | 1986-10-09 | Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonsaeurealkylestern, insbesondere fettsaeurealkylestern, und deren verwendung als dieselkraftstoff |
| FR2752242B1 (fr) | 1996-08-08 | 1998-10-16 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de fabrication d'esters a partir d'huiles vegetales ou animales et d'alcools |
| EP1383775B1 (fr) | 2001-04-30 | 2006-08-02 | The Regents of The University of Michigan | Structures organometalliques isoreticulaires, procede d'obtention, et conception systematique du calibre des pores et fonctionnalites integrees, avec application pour le stockage des gaz |
| US20030078311A1 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-24 | Ulrich Muller | Process for the alkoxylation of organic compounds in the presence of novel framework materials |
| US6624318B1 (en) | 2002-05-30 | 2003-09-23 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the epoxidation of an organic compound with oxygen or an oxygen-delivering compounds using catalysts containing metal-organic frame-work materials |
| EP1505048A1 (fr) * | 2003-05-26 | 2005-02-09 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Procédé de transestérification d'huiles végétales ou animales au moyen de catalyseurs hétérogènes à base de titane, de zirconium ou d'antimoine et d'aluminium |
| US20050004404A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Basf Akiengesellschaft | Process for the alkoxylation of monools in the presence of metallo-organic framework materials |
| EP1593732A1 (fr) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-11-09 | Institut Français du Pétrole | Procede de transesterification d'huiles vegezales ou animales au moyen de catalyseurs heterogenes a base de zinc ou de bismuth de titane et d'aluminium |
| US7524444B2 (en) | 2004-11-09 | 2009-04-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Shaped bodies containing metal-organic frameworks |
| WO2006116340A1 (fr) | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | University Of South Florida | Structures organometalliques de type zeolithe (zmof) : approche modulaire de la synthese de materiaux poreux hybrides organiques-inorganiques presentant une topologie de type zeolithe |
-
2008
- 2008-09-25 ES ES201090008A patent/ES2345316B2/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-09-25 DE DE112008002440T patent/DE112008002440T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-09-25 SE SE1050396A patent/SE534732C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-09-25 US US12/680,115 patent/US20100293843A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-25 WO PCT/FR2008/001330 patent/WO2009074742A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-25 BR BRPI0817443-1A patent/BRPI0817443A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE1050396A1 (sv) | 2010-04-21 |
| ES2345316A1 (es) | 2010-09-20 |
| DE112008002440T5 (de) | 2010-08-19 |
| SE534732C2 (sv) | 2011-12-06 |
| WO2009074742A3 (fr) | 2009-11-05 |
| US20100293843A1 (en) | 2010-11-25 |
| ES2345316B2 (es) | 2011-12-20 |
| BRPI0817443A2 (pt) | 2015-06-16 |
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