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WO2009058111A1 - Pile à combustible pour système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération - Google Patents

Pile à combustible pour système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2009058111A1
WO2009058111A1 PCT/US2007/022817 US2007022817W WO2009058111A1 WO 2009058111 A1 WO2009058111 A1 WO 2009058111A1 US 2007022817 W US2007022817 W US 2007022817W WO 2009058111 A1 WO2009058111 A1 WO 2009058111A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electric
fuel cell
set forth
price
hvac
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2007/022817
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Lifson
Michael F. Taras
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Priority to PCT/US2007/022817 priority Critical patent/WO2009058111A1/fr
Publication of WO2009058111A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009058111A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/46—Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
    • F24F11/47—Responding to energy costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/50—Control or safety arrangements characterised by user interfaces or communication
    • F24F11/56—Remote control
    • F24F11/58—Remote control using Internet communication
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
    • F24F11/63—Electronic processing

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems and, more particularly, to selective use of a fuel cell in combination therewith.
  • HVAC&R heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration
  • the cost of electricity from an electric grid fluctuates substantially over a sufficiently long period of time such as a day, a month or a year.
  • the price of electricity varies during a period of one day, especially as compared between peak and off-peak hours. That is, during the daytime, and particularly during extreme temperature conditions, the electricity demand is high and the price of electricity rises accordingly. During nighttime hours, however, the demand is normally low and the price of electricity is substantially reduced. The need to pay premium prices for electricity during peak hours therefore causes substantial net price increases for overall power usage by the HVAC&R equipment.
  • As environmental concerns mount the use of fuel cells as a power supply is expanding. Currently, fuel cells are in the development stages and making inroads into the automotive sector and residential applications.
  • the fuel cells In the majority of residential applications, the fuel cells have been considered as a backup source of electricity for critical installations such as hospitals, day care facilities, government offices, control centers and the like. In this capacity, the fuel cells are generally not used except during the periods of time when the normal power is down, or not providing sufficient capacity to meet the needs of the user.
  • a power usage site is provided with a fuel cell for augmenting the delivery of power on a selective basis.
  • the on-going price of electric power is monitored, and during periods in which the price exceeds a predetermined or calculated threshold, the fuel cell is engaged for providing the entire or partial power needs of the user. In this way, power supply from the grid during high peak, high cost usage is eliminated or reduced.
  • a fuel cell may return an excess of provided power to an electric grid. Feasibility analysis of such mode of operation may be based on a predetermined or calculated threshold. Further, the price of electricity may be predicted ahead of time based on available information. [0006]
  • preferred and modified embodiments are depicted; however, various other modifications and alternate constructions can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of use of a fuel cell in combination with an HVAC&R system in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an alternative embodiment thereof.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic illustration of fuel cell use in respect to electricity price.
  • a heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system 11 is electrically connected to an electric utility or grid 12 by way of an electric line 13.
  • An electric switch 14 is provided such that,, a fuel cell 16 may be electrically connected to the HVAC&R system 11 by way an electric line 17.
  • the electric switch 14 is operated by a control 18.
  • the control 18 may be a control for the HVAC&R system 11 or a stand-alone control.
  • a monitor 19 is provided for the purpose of continually or periodically monitoring the price of electricity from the electric grid 12.
  • the cost of components to power the fuel cell can also be continuously or periodically monitored. For example, the cost of the fuel on the anode side of the fuel cell and the cost of the oxidant on the cathode side of the fuel cell can be monitored. .
  • the determination of the electricity cost, and the cost to run the fuel cell, if required, may be accomplished via receiving such information through a connection to the Internet or other information carrying media. Alternatively, the price of electricity may be predicted ahead of time based on available to date information.
  • the electric switch 14 is controlled in such a manner that, during periods in which the price of electricity from the electric grid 12 is at higher rates, the fuel cell would be activated through an electric line 21.
  • the comparison of cost of powering the fuel cell to run the HVAC&R system versus the cost of electricity from the electric grid 12 is compared, and the best source of power, either the electric grid 12 or the fuel cell 16, is chosen or re-selected, typically when the cost difference exceeds the predetermined or calculated threshold.
  • the electric switch 14 is moved to the open position to disconnect the electric grid 12 and to the closed position to connect the fuel cell 16 such that all of the electric power is delivered by the fuel cell 16, during the periods of time when the cost of electricity from the electric grid 12 is high.
  • the electric switch 14 will be moved back to the closed position to connect the electric grid 12 and to the open position to disconnect the fuel cell 16 such that all of the electric power is delivered by the electric grid 12, and the fuel cell 16 will be disengaged or turned off.
  • the graph illustrates the trend in which the price of electricity rises and falls in a typical period of one day, as shown by the price trend line A.
  • the fuel cell 16 may be switched on and remain engaged as long as the price of electricity exceeds the threshold price level B by a certain amount.
  • the price of electricity represented by the electricity price trend line A has been found to have lowered to the threshold level B, at which time, the fuel cell may be turned off or disengaged, and the electric grid is switched on to provide power to the HVAC&R system, as indicated by the region to the right of the intersection point N for the electricity price trend line A the dashed threshold line B.
  • the threshold line B does not have to be associated with the same threshold value or does not have to be a horizontal line at all. For instance, if the dashed threshold line B represents a trend line for the cost (or price) of the materials required to operate the fuel cell, it may fluctuate during the course of the day, a week or a month.
  • the switch between the electric grid power supply and the fuel cell power supply doesn't have to occur precisely at the intersection points M and N. Since small fluctuation in prices may cause frequent alteration between the two devices leading to wear of the system components and reduced reliability, the "dead" zones, surrounding the intersection points M and N and not allowing for these frequent switchovers, may need to be established.
  • Fig. 3 similar system is shown with a pair of electric switches 22 and 23 being connected to the control 18 by the respective electric lines 24 and 26. It should be understood that the function of the electric switch 22 and switch 23 can be combined into one multifunctional switch. With this arrangement, the control 18 can operate in the same manner as described hereinabove by closing one of the switches 22 or 23 while opening the other.
  • Figures 1 and 3 show the monitor connection only to determine the price of the electricity, however other information (not shown) can be gathered by the monitor to determine the cost of other commodities involved, such as, for example, the cost of fuel and oxidant to run the fuel cell, as well as other operational or environmental parameters affecting the system as a whole.
  • the present invention is applicable to all types of HVAC&R systems such as commercial and residential air conditioning and heat pump systems as well as refrigeration systems such as those utilized in supermarkets and mobile applications. Further, various refrigerant types could be used within the refrigerant systems.
  • refrigerants types may include, but are not limited to conventional HFC refrigerants such as for instance R410A, R404A and Rl 34a or natural refrigerants such as for example R744, R717 and R290.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fuzzy Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération qui reçoit un courant électrique provenant du réseau et qui comprend une commande pour surveiller le prix en cours du courant électrique et, lorsque ce prix dépasse une valeur seuil, une pile à combustible est mise en route pour alimenter temporairement le système en courant électrique. Lorsque le prix du courant électrique distribué par le réseau chute au-dessous du seuil, l'utilisation du réseau électrique est reprise et la pile à combustible peut être éteinte. Il est également prévu d'actionner à la fois le réseau électrique et la pile à combustible en parallèle, pour produire sélectivement un courant électrique à partir de la pile à combustible et du réseau électrique.
PCT/US2007/022817 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Pile à combustible pour système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération Ceased WO2009058111A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2007/022817 WO2009058111A1 (fr) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Pile à combustible pour système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2007/022817 WO2009058111A1 (fr) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Pile à combustible pour système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009058111A1 true WO2009058111A1 (fr) 2009-05-07

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2007/022817 Ceased WO2009058111A1 (fr) 2007-10-29 2007-10-29 Pile à combustible pour système de chauffage, ventilation, climatisation et réfrigération

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2009058111A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130171533A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-07-04 Convion Oy Method and arrangement to control operating conditions in fuel cell device
US12515560B2 (en) 2021-04-07 2026-01-06 Volvo Truck Corporation System and method for controlling a fuel cell energy system of a vehicle

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060276938A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-07 Equinox Energy Solutions, Inc. Optimized energy management system
US20070043478A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2007-02-22 Ehlers Gregory A System and method of controlling an HVAC system
US20070239477A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2007-10-11 Powerweb, Inc. Multi-utility energy control and facility automation system with dashboard having a plurality of interface gateways

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070239477A1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2007-10-11 Powerweb, Inc. Multi-utility energy control and facility automation system with dashboard having a plurality of interface gateways
US20070043478A1 (en) * 2003-07-28 2007-02-22 Ehlers Gregory A System and method of controlling an HVAC system
US20060276938A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-07 Equinox Energy Solutions, Inc. Optimized energy management system

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130171533A1 (en) * 2010-08-25 2013-07-04 Convion Oy Method and arrangement to control operating conditions in fuel cell device
US9478814B2 (en) * 2010-08-25 2016-10-25 Convion Oy Method and arrangement to control operating conditions in fuel cell device
US12515560B2 (en) 2021-04-07 2026-01-06 Volvo Truck Corporation System and method for controlling a fuel cell energy system of a vehicle

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