WO2008135677A1 - Antenne à résonateur équipé d'un revêtement filtrant et système incorporant cette antenne - Google Patents
Antenne à résonateur équipé d'un revêtement filtrant et système incorporant cette antenne Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008135677A1 WO2008135677A1 PCT/FR2008/050426 FR2008050426W WO2008135677A1 WO 2008135677 A1 WO2008135677 A1 WO 2008135677A1 FR 2008050426 W FR2008050426 W FR 2008050426W WO 2008135677 A1 WO2008135677 A1 WO 2008135677A1
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- electromagnetic waves
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/2005—Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/006—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces
- H01Q15/0073—Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces said selective devices having corrugations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
Definitions
- Resonator antenna equipped with a filter coating and system incorporating this antenna.
- the present invention relates to a resonator antenna equipped with a filter coating and a system incorporating this antenna.
- Known antennas are designed to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves at a working frequency fj.
- These antennas may comprise a first resonator formed of: a reflector reflecting all of the electromagnetic waves at the frequency f ⁇ propagating perpendicularly to this reflector,
- a partially reflecting wall traversed by the electromagnetic waves at the frequency f T , this wall reflecting strictly less than 100% and more than 80% of the electromagnetic waves at the frequency f 1 propagating perpendicularly to this wall, a cavity bounded on one side by an upper face of the reflector and on the other side by a lower face of the partially reflecting wall, and
- At least one excitation probe of the cavity adapted to receive or inject into this cavity, at the reflector, electromagnetic fields at the frequency fj.
- the reflection coefficient of a wall or a reflector depends on the angle of incidence, the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and the polarization of this electromagnetic wave.
- the reflectivity values of the walls or reflectors are given for the following situation: the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is equal to the working frequency f, the angle of incidence is zero, that is to say the electromagnetic wave propagates perpendicular to the wall or reflector, and
- the polarization taken into account is that of the electric field radiated or received by the excitation probe.
- antennas are described in the particular case of antennas BIP material (Banding Prohibited Photonics) failing in the patent application filed under the number FR 99 14521. These antennas have a small footprint and a strong directivity. The radiation pattern of these antennas thus has an important main lobe and secondary lobes.
- the invention aims to reduce the size and size of the side lobes. It therefore relates to an antenna in which the first resonator comprises a filter coating covering the majority of the upper face of the reflector located inside the cavity, this coating being able to eliminate any electromagnetic waves of frequency fj propagating in a direction parallel to the upper face of the reflector without eliminating any electromagnetic waves at the frequency fj propagating in a direction perpendicular to the upper face of the reflector.
- Embodiments of this antenna may include one or more of the following features:
- the filtering coating forms a BIP (Photonic Prohibited Band) material comprising at least a first and a second material differing in their permittivity and / or their permeability and / or their conductivity arranged alternately at regular intervals only along one or several directions parallel to the upper face of the reflector, the regular interval being a function of the wavelength ⁇ 1 of the electromagnetic waves of frequency f ⁇ in the first material so as to eliminate the electromagnetic waves of frequency f ⁇ propagating parallel to the upper face of the reflector; the first material forming the filtering coating is identical to the material filling the cavity;
- BIP Photonic Prohibited Band
- the second material forming the coating is identical to the material forming the upper face of the reflector;
- the second material forms studs whose greatest width extends in a direction perpendicular to the upper face of the reflector, these studs being distributed at regular intervals on the upper face of the reflector in two non-collinear directions and parallel to this upper face; , most wide width being strictly less than ⁇ i / 2, where ⁇ i is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves of frequency fj in the first material;
- ⁇ 2 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves of frequency fj in the material filling the cavity
- the partly reflecting wall is a grating consisting of a plurality of parallel metallic bars, the smallest distance between two adjacent parallel bars being strictly less than ⁇ 3/2, where ⁇ 3 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves of frequency f in air;
- the partially reflecting wall is a BIP material having at least two materials differing in their permittivity and / or their permeability and / or their conductivity arranged alternately at least along a direction perpendicular to the upper face of the reflector, one of these two materials being the same as that filling the cavity;
- the antenna comprises a second resonator formed of a radiating wall traversed by the electromagnetic waves at the frequency f 1 having an outer radiating face, this radiating wall reflecting strictly less than 100% and more than 80% of the electromagnetic waves at the frequency fj propagating perpendicularly to this radiant wall, the reflectivity of the radiating wall being strictly less than that of the partially reflecting wall,
- a leaky resonant cavity delimited on one side by a lower face of the radiating wall and on the other side by an upper face of the partially reflecting wall of the first resonator, the radiant wall and the partially reflecting wall being separated from one another by a height h 2 constant less than or equal to ⁇ 4/2 + ⁇ 4/20, where ⁇ 4 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave frequency fj in the material filling the cavity resonator to leakage;
- the antenna comprises several excitation probes in the first resonator each causing the formation of an excitation task on the upper face of the partially reflecting wall, each excitation task; creating in turn a radiating task on the radiating face of the radiant wall, each excitation task and radiating task being defined as being the area of the upper face of the partially reflecting wall, respectively of the radiating wall, located around a point of this face where the intensity of the electromagnetic field emitted by this probe is maximum and including all the points of this face where the intensity of the electromagnetic field emitted by this probe is greater than or equal to half of this maximum intensity, and wherein the distance separating two contiguous excitation probes is chosen small enough so that the radiating spots created by these probes overlap partially;
- each excitation probe has a surface for injecting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves at the frequency f T whose greatest width is greater than or equal to ⁇ 2 , the distribution of the power of the electromagnetic waves on the surface injection and / or reception having a point where the power is maximum, this point being away from the periphery of this surface, and the power decreases continuously along a straight line from this point to the periphery and this regardless of the direction of the line considered in the plane of this surface, ⁇ 2 , being the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves of frequency f ⁇ in the material filling the cavity of the first resonator;
- h 2 (2n ⁇ + Cp 1 + ⁇ 2 ) - 4 ⁇
- n is the positive or negative integer which makes it possible to obtain the smallest positive height h 2 ,
- Cp 1 is the phase shift introduced between an incident electromagnetic wave at the frequency fj and the reflected wave after reflection on the upper face of the partially reflecting wall of the first resonator
- ⁇ 4 is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of frequency fj in the material filling the resonant leak cavity
- the cavity of the first resonator forms a waveguide having a cutoff frequency f c of the propagation mode TMi and TEi or an asymptotic value I o C above which no TEM propagation mode can not be established, and wherein the frequency f is less than or equal to the frequency f c and greater than or equal to the asymptotic value C.
- the embodiments of the antenna further have the following advantages: using a BIP material to form the filter coating increases the directivity of the antenna,
- excitation probes whose largest width is greater than or equal to the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves at the frequency fj makes it possible to increase the directivity and the gain of the antenna or of each beam of the antenna .
- excitation probes are used in an antenna comprising the first and the second resonator, this makes it possible to obtain the abovementioned advantages while maintaining the reflectivity of the upper face of the partially reflecting, unchanged wall.
- the invention also relates to a system for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves comprising:
- a focusing device able to focus the electromagnetic waves emitted or received by the system on a focal point
- the use of the claimed antenna increases the efficiency of this system by illuminating the largest possible area of the focusing device while reducing overflow losses beyond the contour of this device. of focus.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a plane waveguide
- FIG. 2 is a dispersion diagram of the guided propagation modes of the waveguide of FIG. 1,
- FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic and perspective illustration of a first embodiment of an antenna equipped with a filtering coating made from a BIP material
- FIG. 4 is a scatter diagram of the guided propagation modes of the antenna of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic and perspective illustration of a second embodiment of an antenna equipped with a filtering coating
- FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 are diagrammatic illustrations, respectively, of a third, a fourth and a fifth embodiment of an antenna equipped with a filtering coating
- FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating the evolution of the directivity of the antennas of FIGS. 5 and 6 as a function of the working frequency;
- FIGS. 10 and 11 are radiation diagrams of an antenna without a filter coating,
- FIGS. 12 and 13 are radiation diagrams of the antenna of FIG. 5;
- FIGS. 14 and 15 are radiation diagrams of the antenna of FIG. 6,
- FIG. 16 is a schematic and perspective illustration of an interlaced multibeam antenna
- FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of a scattering diagram of the guided propagation modes of the antenna of FIG. 16;
- FIG. 18 is a schematic illustration of a beam emission system interlaced with the terrestrial surface;
- FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration, in perspective and in section of a cylindrical antenna equipped with a filter coating.
- FIG. 1 represents a plane wave guide 2 and FIG. 2 represents the dispersion diagram of this guide 2.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are known and are introduced here only to recall the definition of certain technical terms.
- the guide 2 is formed of a reflective plane 4 extending parallel to a horizontal XY plane, defined by two orthogonal directions X and Y.
- the plane 4 reflects 100% of the electromagnetic waves at the frequency fj which propagate perpendicular to its surface .
- the plane 4 is made of metal.
- Z is the direction perpendicular to the X and Y directions.
- a horizontal wall 6 partially reflecting.
- partially reflecting means a wall that reflects strictly less than 100% and more than 80% of electromagnetic waves of frequency fj propagating perpendicular to one of the horizontal faces of this wall 6.
- the wall 6 is separated from the reflector 4 by a space 8 of constant height h. This space is, for example, filled with air.
- the height h is measured in the Z direction.
- a wavy arrow 10 represents a guided electromagnetic wave propagating in the space 8.
- the propagation direction of the waves is parallel to the direction Y.
- the dotted arrows 11 represent the electromagnetic waves that leak the space 8 through the wall 6 which is only partially reflective.
- transverse dimensions that is to say perpendicular to the direction of propagation, are assumed to be infinite in the case of a plane waveguide.
- Figure 2 shows the dispersion diagram of the waveguide 2.
- the constant ⁇ represents the propagation constant of a mode propagating parallel to the reflector 4.
- the ordinate axis represents the frequency of the electromagnetic wave propagating in space 8.
- a plane waveguide In a plane waveguide, only certain propagation modes can be established according to the frequency of the wave to be propagated. These propagation modes are conventionally known in the terminology of TEM mode, (Magnetic Electric Transverse) of mode TE n (Electric Transverse of order n) and TM n (Magnetic Transverse of order n), where n is an integer greater than or equal to zero.
- TEM mode Magnetic Electric Transverse
- TE n Electrom Transverse of order n
- TM n Magnetic Transverse of order n
- a straight line 12 passing through the origin represents the value of the constant ⁇ for each frequency of the guided wave in the case where the propagation mode is the TEM mode.
- a curve 14 represents the value of the constant ⁇ for each possible frequency of the guided wave in the case where the propagation mode is the TEi or TMi mode.
- the curve 14 intersects the axis of frequencies for a frequency f c known under the term "cutoff frequency".
- the cutoff frequency for TEi or TMi modes is defined by the following relation:
- n is the positive or negative integer such that f c is its smallest non-zero positive value.
- Cp 1 is the phase shift introduced between an incident electromagnetic wave at the frequency f T and the wave reflected after reflection on the reflector 4,
- - ⁇ 2 is the phase shift introduced between an incident electromagnetic wave at the frequency fj and the reflected wave after reflection on the wall 6
- - c is the velocity or velocity of the phase of the wave in the space 8.
- the guided wave can propagate within the space 8 only according to the TEM mode.
- the wave guided in the space 8 can spread according to the TEM mode, TEi or TMi.
- evanescent modes are characterized by the fact that the amplitude of the guided wave decreases very rapidly in the direction of propagation so that this wave can not propagate over a distance greater than 2 ⁇ where ⁇ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of frequency f ⁇ in the material filling the space 8.
- the evanescent modes of the guide 2 correspond to modes of operation for which a maximum of electromagnetic energy is dissipated in the form of radiation in space after having passed through the wall 6.
- FIG. 3 represents an antenna 20 designed to emit or receive electromagnetic waves at the working frequency f ⁇ .
- This antenna 20 comprises a resonator formed:
- a plane-shaped reflector 22 extending parallel to a horizontal plane XY defined by orthogonal X and Y directions
- a partially reflective wall 24 disposed above the reflector plane 22 in a direction Z perpendicular to the X and Y directions and extending parallel to the XY plane.
- the reflective plane 22 is chosen to reflect 100% of the electromagnetic waves of frequency fj which propagate perpendicularly to this plane.
- the reflective plane 22 is made of metal and can be connected to a reference potential such as ground.
- Wall 24 is here designed to reflect strictly less than 100% and more than 80% of electromagnetic waves of frequency f T propagating in a direction perpendicular to this wall.
- the wall 24 is a BIP material.
- the BIP materials have a broad non-conducting band B. When an electromagnetic wave whose frequency is included in the non-conducting band B strikes this BIP material, it is almost completely reflected.
- the material forming wall 24 is selected so that the working frequency f ⁇ is within the stopband of this material
- the BIP material forming the wall 24 presents at least one periodic alternation of two materials in the direction Z.
- the wall 24 is formed by the superposition in the Z direction of three plane layers 26, 28 and 30.
- the layers 26 and 30 differ from each other. the layer 28 by their permittivity.
- the layers 26 and 30 are made of alumina while the layer 26 is a layer of air.
- the dimensions of these layers in the X and Y directions are chosen several times greater than the wavelength ⁇ a , where ⁇ a is the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves of frequency f ⁇ in the air.
- the lateral dimensions of the layers 26, 28 and 30 are chosen greater than four times ⁇ a .
- the wall 24 thus has a lower face 32 facing the reflector plane 22 and an upper face 34 opposite the lower face 32.
- the lower face 32 is spaced from the reflector 22 by a constant height In 1 .
- the space thus formed between the lower face 32 and the upper face of the reflector 22 forms a cavity 36.
- FIG. 3 only a portion of the wall 24 has been shown so as to leave a large part of the interior of the cavity 36.
- An excitation probe 38 is disposed inside the cavity 36 on the reflector 22 or in the plane of the reflector 22. In the XY plane, the probe 38 is disposed substantially in the middle of the cavity 36. This probe is suitable receiving or injecting into the cavity 36, at the reflector 22, electromagnetic fields at the frequency fj.
- the antenna 20 comprises a filter coating 40 covering the entire upper face of the reflector 22 which is located inside the cavity 36.
- the coating 40 thus surrounds the probe 38 without covering it.
- This coating 40 is made of a material adapted to prevent the propagation of electromagnetic waves of frequency fj in a direction parallel to the XY plane while allowing the propagation of these same waves in the Z direction.
- the coating 40 is made of a BIP material having a periodicity in two non-collinear directions of the XY plane.
- the periodicity of a BIP material in one direction is, for example, defined in the patent application filed under the number FR 99 14521.
- the coating 40 has a periodicity in the X direction and a periodicity in the Y direction.
- the coating 40 is formed of vertical studs 42 arranged at regular intervals JD in the X and Y directions. These studs 42 are made of the same material as that used for the reflector 22, that is to say say here in metal. Another material forming the coating 40 fills all the intervals between the pads 42. This other material is here air, that is to say a material identical to that filling the cavity 36.
- the length of the interval JD is chosen according to the wavelength ⁇ a so as to filter the electromagnetic waves of frequency fj propagating in the directions X and Y.
- the length of the interval JD is less than ⁇ a / 2 and preferably between ⁇ a / 4 and ⁇ a / 2.
- the height h p of the pads 42 in the direction Z must be strictly less than the height hi.
- the height h p is chosen strictly less than ⁇ a / 2 and preferably equal to ⁇ a / 4 plus or minus 15%.
- the pads 42 have a cross section, that is to say a section parallel to the XY plane, square.
- the largest width of this cross section is chosen less than ⁇ a / 8.
- the height hi is chosen using the relation (1) so that the cutoff frequency f c is equal to or slightly greater than the frequency f ⁇ .
- the ratio of the frequency f ⁇ on the frequency f c is between 0.85 and 1.
- FIG. 4 represents the dispersion diagram of the antenna 20.
- the curves 50 and 52 represent the frequency of the guided wave, respectively, according to the TEM mode and the TEi or TMi modes as a function of the propagation constant ⁇ . Because of the presence of the coating 40, the curve 50 tends to an asymptotic value C represented by a horizontal line 54 in dashed lines as the constant ⁇ increases. This asymptotic value C is independent of the height In 1 .
- the height In 1 of the cavity 36 is chosen so that the frequency fj is between the frequency f c and the value C. Under these conditions, it is understood that no guided mode can be established at the same time. interior of the cavity 36 when it is excited by a magnetic field of frequency fj. Thus, only evanescent modes appear and the energy of the electromagnetic field introduced by the probe 38 into the cavity 36 dissipates almost exclusively in the form of radiation after passing through the wall 24. This results in an increase in the directivity of the antenna 20 with respect to an identical antenna but devoid of a filtering coating such as the coating 40.
- FIG. 5 represents an antenna 60 identical to the antenna 20 except that the wall 24 is replaced by a partially reflecting wall 62.
- the wall 62 is here produced not with the aid of a BIP material but at the same time. using a grid 62 formed of metal rods extending parallel to each other in a plane parallel to the XY plane. More specifically, here, the grid 62 comprises on the one hand bars 66 arranged at regular intervals rn and all extending parallel to the direction X and secondly bars 68 arranged parallel to each other in the direction Y to regular intervals rn.
- the length of the interval rn is chosen to be strictly less than ⁇ a / 2 so that this grid 62 partially reflects the electromagnetic waves of frequency f ⁇ propagating in the direction Z.
- rn is less than ⁇ a / 4.
- the height In 1 of the cavity 36 is chosen so that the cutoff frequency f c is slightly greater than the frequency f ⁇ . Under these conditions, the operation of the antenna 60 is similar to that of the antenna 20.
- FIG. 6 represents an antenna 70 identical to the antenna 60 except that the cavity 36 is isolated from the outside of the antenna by side walls 72. In FIG. 6, only a portion of the wall 72 completely surrounding the cavity 36 has been shown so as to leave visible the interior of the cavity 36.
- the wall 72 extends in the Z direction from the reflector 22 to the lower face of the grid 62.
- the wall 72 is, for example, made here, in a metallic material reflecting all the electromagnetic waves of frequency f T .
- Figure 7 shows an antenna 80 identical to the antenna 70 except that the grid 62 is replaced by a grid 82.
- the grid 82 is identical to the grid 62 except that the bars 68 have been omitted.
- Such a grid 82 constitutes a partially reflecting wall only for electromagnetic waves of frequency fj having a given polarization.
- the grid 82 constitutes a transparent wall which does not reflect or very little electromagnetic waves of frequency fj of different polarization.
- the grid 82 makes it possible to exert a polarization filtering on the transmitted or received waves.
- FIG. 8 represents an antenna 90 identical to the antenna 70 except that the walls 72 are replaced by walls 92. More specifically, the walls 92 are identical to the walls 72 except that they contain corrugations 94 to improve the performance of the antenna. These corrugations 94 are designed in the same way as those found in certain types of waveguides. For example, the design of these corrugations is described in the following document:
- FIG. 9 represents two curves 100 and 102 corresponding to the evolution of the directivity, respectively, of the antennas 60 and 70 as a function of the frequency fj.
- FIG. 9 also represents a curve 104 indicating the evolution of the directivity of an antenna identical to the antenna 60 but devoid of the filtering coating 40.
- the abscissa represents the ratio of the frequency fj on the cutoff frequency f c .
- the y-axis represents the maximum directivity expressed in decibels (dB).
- the curves 100, 102 and 104 were obtained using an identical probe, that is to say here, a slot formed in the plane of the reflector 22 and through which is introduced the electromagnetic field of frequency f T in the cavity 36.
- FIG. 10 and 11 show the radiation patterns, respectively, in the E and H planes of an antenna identical to the antenna 60 but devoid of the filter coating 40.
- Figures 12 and 13 show the radiation patterns, respectively, in the planes E and H of the antenna 60 in the particular case where the ratio of the frequency f ⁇ on the frequency f c is equal to 0.997.
- FIGS. 14 and 15 show the radiation patterns, respectively, in the planes E and H of the antenna 70 in the particular case where the ratio of the frequency f ⁇ to the frequency f c is equal to 1 .007.
- the abscissa axis is graduated in degrees while the ordinate axis is graduated in decibels (dB).
- the antenna has been formed of a single resonator. However, it may be particularly interesting to superpose two resonators so as to create a multibeam antenna in which the radiating tasks partially overlap.
- Such an antenna 120 is shown in FIG.
- the antenna 120 is formed of a first resonator 122 on which is superimposed a second resonator 123.
- the resonator 122 is, for example, identical to any one of the resonators of the antennas 20, 60, 70, 80 or 90 to 120. except that it has several excitation probes.
- the resonator 122 is therefore identical to that of the antenna 20 in which the probe 38 is replaced by five excitation probes 124 to 128.
- the probes 124 to 128 are here chosen in such a way that and form a surface for injecting or receiving electromagnetic fields inside the cavity 36. The largest width of each of the injection or reception surfaces is greater than or equal to ⁇ a .
- the distribution of the power of the electromagnetic field on the injection or reception surface has a point where the power is maximum, this point being away from the periphery of this injection surface.
- the power of the electromagnetic field of this injection surface is distributed such that the power decreases continuously along any straight line from the point where the power is maximum to the periphery of this surface.
- a probe having such an injection surface makes it possible to increase the directivity of the antenna and its gain.
- the probes 124 to 128 are, for example, flared waveguides, the end of which opens into an orifice formed in the plane of the reflector 22.
- flared waveguides are, for example, those described in FIG. in the patent application filed on September 25, 2006 under the filing number 06 08381 on behalf of the CNRS
- each of the probes 124 to 128 operates at a respective frequency f ⁇ different from those of the others so that these probes can work simultaneously without interfering with each other.
- Each of these frequencies f ⁇ is chosen sufficiently close to the frequency fj so that the coating 40 designed to filter the electromagnetic waves of frequency fj is also effective for filtering the waves of frequency f ⁇ .
- the ratio of the frequency f- ⁇ to the frequency f ⁇ is between 0.95 and 1.05.
- the filter coating 40 has not been shown.
- the resonator 123 is disposed above the resonator 122 in the Z direction.
- This resonator 123 is formed by an upper radiating wall 132 and by the wall 24.
- the wall 24 thus forms both the upper wall of the resonator 122 and the wall lower resonator 123.
- the wall 132 reflects strictly less than 100% and more than 80% of the electromagnetic waves at the frequency fj propagating perpendicularly to this wall.
- the reflectivity of the wall 132 is strictly smaller than that of the wall 124.
- the wall 132 extends parallel to the XY plane.
- the wall 132 is separated from the upper face of the wall 24 by a constant height h 2 .
- a cavity 136 is formed between the wall 24 and the wall 132.
- the cavity 136 is, for example, filled with air.
- the material forming the wall 132 may be a BIP material as described with reference to FIG. 3, or a grid as described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 7.
- the height h 2 is chosen so that the cavity 136 is a resonant cavity leak.
- the height h 2 is less than ⁇ a / 2 + ⁇ a / 20.
- - n is the positive or negative integer which makes it possible to obtain the smallest positive height h 2
- - Cp 1 is the phase shift introduced between an incident electromagnetic wave at the frequency fj and the reflected wave after reflection on the upper face of the partially reflecting wall of the first resonator
- ⁇ a is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave of frequency fj in the material filling the resonant leak cavity.
- the cutoff frequency f c2 of the propagation modes TEi and TMi of the resonator 123 is equal to the frequency fj. Under these conditions, the gain of the resonator 123 is maximum.
- the height hi of the resonator 122 is chosen so that the cutoff frequency, denoted here f c i, of the propagation modes TE 1 or TM 1 is strictly greater than the frequency f ⁇ .
- the cavity 136 is devoid of coating filtering the electromagnetic waves propagating in any direction parallel to the XY plane. Indeed, as will be understood from reading the explanations that follow, such a filter coating is not necessary in the resonator 123.
- FIG. 17 represents the dispersion diagram of the resonators 122 and 123.
- the curves 150 and 152 correspond, respectively, to the curves 50 and 52 of FIG. 4 for the resonator 122.
- the curves 154 and 156 represent the evolution of the frequency of the guided wave, respectively according to the TEM and TEi or TMi modes, as a function of the propagation constant ⁇ .
- the curves 154 and 156 have substantially the same shape as the curves 12 and 14 and those of a plane waveguide.
- the cutoff frequencies of TEi or TMi modes of the resonators 122 and 123 are respectively denoted by f c i and f c2.
- the asymptotic value towards which the curve 150 tends when the constant ⁇ increases is here denoted Ci. It is recalled that this curve 150 tends to a value Ci less than the frequency f T due to the presence of the filter coating 40 inside the cavity 36. Conversely, the curve 154 does not tend towards an asymptotic value. when the constant ⁇ increases since the cavity 136 is devoid of filter coating.
- the frequencies f ⁇ are close to the frequency fj which is itself here substantially equal to the frequency fc2 .
- the electromagnetic fields of frequencies f 1 can excite only an evanescent mode of propagation in the first resonator 122 since these frequencies f- ⁇ are each greater than the value Ci and strictly below the frequency f c i.
- This radiation results in the appearance, vertically, of each of the probes 124 to 128 of a exciting task.
- the excitation tasks corresponding to the probes 124 to 128 are shown in FIG. 16 and respectively bear the references 160 to 164.
- An excitation task is defined as being formed by all the points of the upper surface 34 of the wall. 24 located around a point on this face where the intensity of the emitted electromagnetic field is maximum and including all the points of this face where the intensity of the electromagnetic field emitted by this probe is greater than or equal to half of this maximum intensity .
- the guided modes TEi or TMi can not appear in the cavity 136.
- the electromagnetic energy introduced into the cavity 136 is radiated by the upper face of the wall 132. This results in the appearance on this upper face of radiating tasks vertically to each of the excitation tasks.
- radiating tasks 166 to 170 respectively corresponding to excitation tasks 160 to 164 are shown. These radiating tasks are defined as the excitation tasks, that is to say they group together all the points of the upper surface of the wall 132 at which the intensity of the emitted electromagnetic field is greater than or equal to at half the maximum intensity emitted.
- the position of the probes 124 to 128 relative to each other is chosen so that each radiating task partially overlaps at least one other radiating task produced. by another probe.
- the distance between two probes is therefore strictly less than the sum of the radii of their respective radiating task.
- the distance between the probes measured in a plane parallel to the XY plane is chosen so that the excitation tasks 160 to 164 do not overlap, but, on the other hand, the radiating tasks 166 to 170 partially overlap.
- the antenna 120 is particularly intended to be installed, for example, in a telecommunication radio satellite.
- FIG. 18 represents a system 180 for transmitting electromagnetic waves embedded in a geostationary satellite.
- This system 180 includes a beam focusing device on the surface of the earth 182.
- the focusing device is a parabola 184.
- the system 180 also comprises the antenna 120 placed in the focus of this dish 184.
- FIG. 19 represents a cylindrical antenna 200 similar to the antenna
- the antenna 200 here has a symmetry of revolution about an axis 201 of revolution extending in the direction Z.
- the antenna 200 comprises:
- a reflector 202 capable of reflecting all the electromagnetic waves propagating perpendicularly to its surface
- a filtering coating 204 disposed on the face of the reflector 202, a partially reflecting wall 206 surrounding the reflector
- the reflector 202 is, for example, a cylindrical bar of circular metal section extending along the axis 201.
- the coating 54 is here formed by a succession of dielectric cylinders 212 surrounding the reflector 202 and arranged at regular intervals Q along the direction Z.
- the length of the gap Q in the direction Z is less than ⁇ a / 2 and preferably equal to ⁇ a / 4.
- Such a coating 204 forms a BIP material capable of eliminating electromagnetic waves propagating in the Z direction without eliminating the electromagnetic waves propagating in a radial direction.
- the cavity 208 is here, for example, filled with air.
- the wall 206 is, for example, a dielectric BIP material having at least one periodicity in a radial direction.
- the inner face of the wall 206 is spaced from the reflector 202 by a constant distance Ri.
- the distance Ri is chosen in a manner similar to that described with respect to the height hi.
- the radius of the rings 212 is chosen in a manner similar to that described with respect to the height h p of the pads 42.
- an excitation probe 214 capable of injecting or receiving electromagnetic fields at the frequency fj is placed inside the cavity 208 and near the reflector 202.
- the antenna 200 operates in a manner similar to that previously described except that its main radiation lobe is annular.
- the cross section of the pads 42 need not be square. It can be rectangular or cylindrical, circular sections or not.
- the BIP material forming the filter coating has been described in the particular case where it is formed of at least two different materials, one of which is the same as that used for the reflector and the other is the same as filling the cavity. However, it is not necessary that these materials are respectively identical to that of the reflector and the cavity.
- the material identical to that filling the cavity can be replaced by a foam whose permittivity is close to that of the material filling the cavity.
- the BIP material forming the coating 40 has been described in the particular case where the periodicity along the X and Y directions is identical. Alternatively, the periodicity along the X and Y directions is not identical. In addition, it is not necessary that the directions in which are distributed at regular intervals pads 42 are necessarily orthogonal. For example, the different studs could be arranged on the vertices of a triangle or a hexagon.
- the BIP materials used to form partially reflective walls may have elements differing in their permittivity arranged at regular intervals in more than two non-collinear directions. Under these conditions, these BIP materials are said to have several dimensions.
- the BIP materials used here are formed of at least two different materials. These two materials may differ from each other by their permeability and / or their permittivity and / or their conductivity.
- the embodiments of Figures 3, 6 and 8 may be combined.
- the antenna 20 may be provided with a sidewall similar to the sidewall 72 or similar to the sidewall 92.
- the simultaneous operation of these different probes can also be obtained when each of the probes injects or receives only electromagnetic fields having a polarization different from that of the other probes of the same antenna.
- the excitation probes can be any type of probe capable of injecting an electromagnetic field into a cavity.
- these probes may be flared cones, a patch antenna, a slot antenna or the like or a coupling iris between a waveguide and the cavity 36 or 122.
- the reflector is not necessarily made of metal. It can also be made of any other material or material arrangement having a reflectivity of almost 100% of electromagnetic waves of frequency f T when they propagate perpendicularly to the face of this reflector.
- the filter coating of the resonator 122 is omitted, so that none of the resonators of the antenna 120 has a filter coating such as the coating 40.
- the operation of the antenna 120 however remains improved because the field magnetic is injected into the second resonator 123 by excitation tasks, which does not change the reflectivity of the upper face of the wall 24.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08787987A EP2130266B1 (fr) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | Antenne à résonateur équipé d'un revêtement filtrant et système incorporant cette antenne |
| US12/593,520 US8149180B2 (en) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | Antenna with resonator having a filtering coating and system including such antenna |
| CA2682273A CA2682273C (fr) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | Antenne a resonateur equipe d'un revetement filtrant et systeme incorporant cette antenne |
| ES08787987T ES2390393T3 (es) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | Antena con resonador equipado de un revestimiento filtrante y sistema que incorpora esta antena |
| CN200880015662.9A CN101682123B (zh) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | 带有具有滤波涂层的谐振器的天线和包括该天线的系统 |
| JP2010500326A JP5469054B2 (ja) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | フィルタ・コーティングを有する共振子を備えるアンテナ及びそのようなアンテナを含むシステム |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0702305A FR2914506B1 (fr) | 2007-03-29 | 2007-03-29 | Antenne a resonateur equipe d'un revetement filtrant et systeme incorporant cette antenne. |
| FR0702305 | 2007-03-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008135677A1 true WO2008135677A1 (fr) | 2008-11-13 |
Family
ID=38743211
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2008/050426 Ceased WO2008135677A1 (fr) | 2007-03-29 | 2008-03-13 | Antenne à résonateur équipé d'un revêtement filtrant et système incorporant cette antenne |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8149180B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2130266B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5469054B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN101682123B (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2682273C (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2390393T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2914506B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008135677A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130266048A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2013-10-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Periodic near field directors (pnfd) for short-range milli-meter-wave-wireless-interconnect (m2w2-interconnect) |
| CN111224222A (zh) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-02 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 电子设备 |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9010408B1 (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2015-04-21 | The Government Of The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Grazing-angle thermal emission (GATE) and thermal antenna array (TAA) for multi-channel thermal communications |
| FR2985096B1 (fr) * | 2011-12-21 | 2014-01-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne elementaire et antenne reseau bidimensionnelle correspondante |
| CN103107394B (zh) * | 2012-12-27 | 2015-09-02 | 北京理工大学 | 一种基于MEMS工艺THz波段EMXT腔体滤波器 |
| CN103490167A (zh) * | 2013-08-14 | 2014-01-01 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | 高增益滤波天线 |
| JP2018164252A (ja) * | 2017-03-24 | 2018-10-18 | 日本電産株式会社 | スロットアレーアンテナ、および当該スロットアレーアンテナを備えるレーダ |
| CN107579355B (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2024-07-05 | 佛山市波谱达通信科技有限公司 | 一种中型双频垂直面大张角射灯天线 |
| EP3883059B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-28 | 2023-11-01 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Antenne, dispositif hyperfréquence et système de communication |
| CN109786940A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-05-21 | 西安交通大学 | 一种空气填充的基片集成缝隙波导微波滤波器 |
| CN111740214B (zh) * | 2020-06-20 | 2022-08-05 | 北京华龙通科技有限公司 | 一种采用波浪碟形引向器的测量型天线 |
| EP4320683A1 (fr) * | 2021-05-27 | 2024-02-14 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Agencement d'antenne pour appareil électronique |
| US11575429B1 (en) | 2022-07-08 | 2023-02-07 | Greenerwave | Multi-beam and multi-polarization electromagnetic wavefront shaping |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2801428A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-25 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne pourvue d'un assemblage de materiaux filtrant |
| EP1387437A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-04 | Alcatel | Antenne multisources notamment pour système à reflecteur |
| US20060132378A1 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2006-06-22 | Marc Thevenot | Multibeam antenna with photonic bandgap material |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3739230B2 (ja) * | 1999-04-26 | 2006-01-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 高周波通信装置 |
| JP2003078341A (ja) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-14 | Tokai Univ | 積層アンテナ |
| FR2830131B1 (fr) * | 2001-09-24 | 2005-06-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne a large bande ou multi-bandes |
| JP3821039B2 (ja) * | 2002-04-09 | 2006-09-13 | 株式会社デンソー | アンテナ装置 |
| JP4174507B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-24 | 2008-11-05 | サントル ナシオナル ドゥ ラ ルシェルシェサイアンティフィク(セエヌエールエス) | フォトニックバンドギャップ材料による周波数マルチバンドアンテナ |
| FR2854737A1 (fr) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-11-12 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne a materiau bip multi-faisceaux et/ou multi- frequences et systeme mettant en oeuvre ces antennes. |
| DE60308409T2 (de) * | 2002-10-24 | 2007-09-20 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique (C.N.R.S.) | Mehrfachstrahlantenne mit photonischem bandlückenmaterial |
| US7855689B2 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2010-12-21 | Nippon Soken, Inc. | Antenna apparatus for radio communication |
-
2007
- 2007-03-29 FR FR0702305A patent/FR2914506B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-03-13 JP JP2010500326A patent/JP5469054B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-13 CN CN200880015662.9A patent/CN101682123B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-13 CA CA2682273A patent/CA2682273C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-13 ES ES08787987T patent/ES2390393T3/es active Active
- 2008-03-13 US US12/593,520 patent/US8149180B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-03-13 WO PCT/FR2008/050426 patent/WO2008135677A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2008-03-13 EP EP08787987A patent/EP2130266B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2801428A1 (fr) * | 1999-11-18 | 2001-05-25 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Antenne pourvue d'un assemblage de materiaux filtrant |
| EP1387437A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-31 | 2004-02-04 | Alcatel | Antenne multisources notamment pour système à reflecteur |
| US20060132378A1 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2006-06-22 | Marc Thevenot | Multibeam antenna with photonic bandgap material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| MARC THEVENOT ET AL: "Directive Photonic-Bandgap Antennas", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, PISCATAWAY, NJ, US, vol. 47, no. 11, November 1999 (1999-11-01), XP011037788, ISSN: 0018-9480 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130266048A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2013-10-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Periodic near field directors (pnfd) for short-range milli-meter-wave-wireless-interconnect (m2w2-interconnect) |
| US9634737B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2017-04-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Periodic near field directors (PNFD) for short-range milli-meter-wave-wireless-interconnect (M2W2-interconnect) |
| CN111224222A (zh) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-02 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 电子设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2914506A1 (fr) | 2008-10-03 |
| CA2682273C (fr) | 2016-02-16 |
| JP2010523033A (ja) | 2010-07-08 |
| JP5469054B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
| ES2390393T3 (es) | 2012-11-12 |
| US20100321261A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
| US8149180B2 (en) | 2012-04-03 |
| CA2682273A1 (fr) | 2008-11-13 |
| EP2130266A1 (fr) | 2009-12-09 |
| EP2130266B1 (fr) | 2012-05-16 |
| CN101682123B (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
| CN101682123A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
| FR2914506B1 (fr) | 2010-09-17 |
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