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WO2008130742A2 - Procédé de martelage destiné à un ressort de suspension de véhicule - Google Patents

Procédé de martelage destiné à un ressort de suspension de véhicule Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008130742A2
WO2008130742A2 PCT/US2008/056357 US2008056357W WO2008130742A2 WO 2008130742 A2 WO2008130742 A2 WO 2008130742A2 US 2008056357 W US2008056357 W US 2008056357W WO 2008130742 A2 WO2008130742 A2 WO 2008130742A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
peening
suspension component
vehicle suspension
media
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2008/056357
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008130742A3 (fr
Inventor
Jeffrey Paul Dixon
James Hall
Ryan Versluis
Joseph A. Fader
Francois-Xavier Abadie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
MSSC US
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
Meritor Suspension Systems Co US
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS, Meritor Suspension Systems Co US filed Critical Saint Gobain Centre de Recherche et dEtudes Europeen SAS
Publication of WO2008130742A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008130742A2/fr
Publication of WO2008130742A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008130742A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F1/00—Springs
    • F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
    • F16F1/024—Covers or coatings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/08—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces
    • B24C3/085—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces the travelling workpieces being moved into different working positions during travelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/08—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces
    • B24C3/10—Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants essentially adapted for abrasive blasting of travelling stock or travelling workpieces for treating external surfaces
    • B24C3/14—Apparatus using impellers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
    • B60G11/14—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having helical, spiral or coil springs only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G3/00—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel
    • B60G3/18—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram
    • B60G3/20—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/10—Independent suspensions
    • B60G2200/14—Independent suspensions with lateral arms
    • B60G2200/144—Independent suspensions with lateral arms with two lateral arms forming a parallelogram
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/12—Wound spring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2202/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator
    • B60G2202/10—Type of spring
    • B60G2202/13—Torsion spring
    • B60G2202/135—Stabiliser bar and/or tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/40—Constructional features of dampers and/or springs
    • B60G2206/42—Springs
    • B60G2206/426—Coil springs having a particular shape, e.g. curved axis, pig-tail end coils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/71—Light weight materials
    • B60G2206/7105—Porous materials, ceramics, e.g. as filling material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/70—Materials used in suspensions
    • B60G2206/72—Steel
    • B60G2206/724—Wires, bars or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/80—Manufacturing procedures
    • B60G2206/84—Hardening
    • B60G2206/8403—Shot-peening
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/47—Burnishing
    • Y10T29/479—Burnishing by shot peening or blasting
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49609—Spring making
    • Y10T29/49611—Spring making for vehicle or clutch

Definitions

  • This invention relates to shot peening and, more particularly, to shot peening a vehicle suspension component using ceramic peening media to increase fatigue properties of the suspension component.
  • Suspension components such as coil springs, stabilizer bars, torsion bars, and the like, have considerable fatigue resistance to withstand repeated cycles of mechanical stress.
  • coil springs are manufactured from steel rods by heating and forming the rods into the desired coil shape. The coil springs are then heat treated and shot peened with steel particles to increase the fatigue resistance. The steel particles impact the surface of the coil spring, thereby compressing the surface and creating a residual compressive surface stress that offsets mechanical tensile stresses to resist fatigue.
  • steel particles is effective for increasing resistance to fatigue, there are opportunities for improvement.
  • one problem related to the use of steel particles is that the steel particles wear the peening equipment at a rather quick rate. Depending on the frequency of use, portions of the peening equipment may require replacement over relatively short time intervals, which increase operating expenses.
  • the level of fatigue resistance that is attainable using steel particles is limited. For example, using larger diameter steel particles would produce a greater amount of residual compressive surface stress. However, the gain in fatigue resistance from the greater residual compressive surface stress is offset by an increase in surface roughness due to impact with the larger diameter steel particles. Thus, steel particles have limited effectiveness for improving fatigue resistance.
  • An example method of manufacturing a vehicle suspension component includes the step of rotating a first impeller to project ceramic peening media in a first direction toward the suspension component to peen a surface section of the suspension component and thereby increase a fatigue resistance of the suspension component.
  • the vehicle suspension component is peened with metal or ceramic peening media having a first average size, followed by peening with ceramic peening media having a second average size that is smaller than the first average size.
  • the first peening media compresses the surfaces of the automotive suspension component to provide deep residual compressive surface stress
  • the second ceramic peening media smoothes those surfaces to provide a desirable surface roughness while also increasing residual surface stress.
  • the ceramic peening media also produces less wear on the peening equipment, The combination of the first stage peening to obtain deep residual compressive stress and the second stage ceramic peening to obtain low surface roughness and high residual surface stress provides an increase in the fatigue resistance.
  • the disclosed examples thereby provide less wear and suspension components having enhanced fatigue resistance.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a vehicle suspension system.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of an example peening device utilizing one or more blast wheels.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of another peening device in which the blast wheels are laterally angled.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a duplex peening process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
  • FIG. 1 illustrates selected portions of an example vehicle suspension system 10, such as a suspension system of an automobile.
  • the suspension system 10 includes a frame 12 that supports lower control arms 14 and upper control arms 16.
  • a knuckle 18 is secured between each respective lower control arm 14 and upper control arm 16, and each knuckle 18 supports a wheel end 20.
  • a four-bar suspension arrangement is shown, it is to be understood that the present invention may be utilized with any suspension arrangement for various types of vehicles.
  • a stabilizer bar 22 is arranged laterally between the lower control arms 14.
  • the stabilizer bar 22 includes a lateral bar portion 24 supported on the frame 12 by brackets 26.
  • the stabilizer bar 22 also includes arms 28 that are secured to the lower control arms 14 by stabilizer bar links 30.
  • the stabilizer bar links 30 transmit vertical inputs from the lower control arm 14 and the upper control arm 16 to the stabilizer bar 22 to provide vehicle stability during roll conditions.
  • a coil spring 32 is located between the lower control arm 14 and the frame 12 on each side of the vehicle suspension system 10 for absorbing vibration and impact transferred through the wheel ends 20. Given this description, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that other types of coil springs having different designs, coil thicknesses and coil diameters than the coil springs 32 may alternatively be used.
  • the coil springs 32 are manufactured from a steel rod using known forming and heat treatment processes, for example.
  • the coil springs 32 of the disclosed embodiment are peened using a peening process to increase a fatigue resistance of the coil springs 32.
  • the peened coil springs 32 have a surface hardness of about 46- 57 on the Rockwell Hardness C-scale (HRC). The hardness provides the benefit of resisting wear and abrasion, while maintaining a desirable level of toughness.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an example of the peening process.
  • the peening process utilizes a peening device 42 that includes a blast wheel 44 having impellers 46.
  • the impellers 46 are driven to rotate at a preset rotational velocity and thereby project ceramic peening media 48 at a corresponding projection velocity and projection rate through an opening 50 in a nominal direction 52.
  • the nominal direction 52 refers to an average or preset direction, and a portion of the ceramic peening media 48 may deviate within a tolerance of the nominal direction 52.
  • the projection velocity is greater than 50 m/s (meters per second) and the projection rate is between 40 kg/min (kilograms per minute) and 200 kg/min to produce a desirable level of fatigue resistance.
  • the projection velocity is between 60 m/s and 80 m/s to produce a desirable level of fatigue resistance.
  • a supply arrangement 54 supplies the ceramic peening media 48, such as beads or particles, from a storage reservoir 56 to the blast wheel 44.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 is manufactured from a known ceramic material, such as zirconium silicate, zirconium dioxide, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, other known inorganic non-metallic material, or a combination thereof.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 is ZIRSHOT® ceramic beads, available from Saint-Gobain.
  • a conveyer 58 transports the coil springs 32 (shown schematically) through the peening device 42 such that the projected ceramic peening media 48 impacts surfaces of the coil springs 32 to provide a residual compressive stress at surfaces of the coil springs 32.
  • the conveyor 58 rotates the coil springs 32 about longitudinal axis 60 to provide uniform peening of the surfaces of the coil springs 32.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 provides the benefit of increased fatigue resistance compared to previous peening processes that do not utilize ceramic media.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 has an average particle size of about 150-230 micrometers. Preferably, the average particle size is about 210 micrometers.
  • the relatively small size compared to metal peening media provides a surface roughness on the coil springs after peening that is less than about 0.025 micrometers. In one example, the surface roughness of the coil springs 32 is about 0.015 - 0.021 micrometers.
  • the term "about" as used in this description to describe roughness refers to normal variability associated with measuring roughness.
  • a second blast wheel 44' that is similar to the first blast wheel 44 is used to project ceramic peening media 48' in nominal direction 62, which is transverse to direction 52, for example.
  • the second blast wheel 44' may be located before or after the first blast wheel 44 relative to the movement of the conveyor 58.
  • Each of the blast wheels 44, 44' may be vertically oriented directly above the conveyor 58 as in the illustrated example, or angled laterally as illustrated in Figure 3. Combinations of vertical and lateral orientations are also contemplated.
  • Using the blast wheels 44, 44' and different directions 52, 62 provides the benefit of uniformly peening all of the surfaces of the coil springs 32.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an example duplex peening process that includes two peening devices 72a, 72b that are similar to the peening device 42 described above.
  • the first peening device 72a corresponds to a first peening stage and the second peening device corresponds to a second peening stage.
  • the first peening device 72a includes three blast wheels 74a, 74b, and 74c (shown schematically) that project metal peening media 76, such as steel media, in corresponding nominal directions 78a, 78b, and 78c.
  • a conveyer 58' transports the coil springs 32 (shown schematically) through the first peening device 72a such that projected metal peening media 76 impacts the coil springs 32 to provide a residual compressive stress at surfaces of the coil springs 32.
  • the conveyor 58' rotates the coil springs 32 as described above.
  • the metal peening media 76 has an average particle size of about 560-600 micrometers. Preferably, the average particle size is about 584 micrometers.
  • the relatively large size of the metal peening media 76 compresses the surfaces of the coil springs 32 to provide a residual compressive surface stress of Si and a surface roughness after peening that is greater than about 0.025 micrometers, up to 0.031 micrometers, for example.
  • 0.025 micrometers up to 0.031 micrometers, for example.
  • other sizes of the metal peening media 76, or other peening media may alternatively be used to provide different residual compressive surface stresses and different surface roughnesses in the first stage of peening.
  • the conveyor 58' transports the coil springs 32 to the second peening device 72b.
  • the second peening device 72b includes three blast wheels 82a, 82b, and 82c (shown schematically) that project ceramic peening media 48 in corresponding nominal directions 78a, 78b, and 78c such that the projected ceramic peening media 48 impacts the coil springs 32.
  • the conveyor 58' rotates the coil springs 32 as described above.
  • the metal peening media 76 of the first stage and the ceramic peening media 48 of the second stage are collected after a given peening cycle, filtered to remove fines, and reused in a subsequent peening cycle.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 has an average particle size of about 150-230 micrometers, and preferably about 210 micrometers.
  • the metal peening media 76 of the first stage has already compressed the surfaces of the coil springs 32.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 provides additional compression.
  • the smaller, ceramic peening media 48 smoothes the surfaces of the coil springs 32 and provides a surface roughness that is about 0.015 - 0.021 micrometers.
  • the synergistic benefit is achieved by using approximately equal projection velocities in the first and second stages. That is, the ceramic peening media 48 is projected with a velocity that is within about +/- 20 m/s of the velocity of the metal peening media 78. In a further example, the projection velocities are between 60 m/s and 80 m/s to produce a desirable level of fatigue resistance.
  • using the ceramic peening media 48 provides the benefit of reducing abrasive wear on the peening equipment compared to using metal peening media.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 is smaller and less dense than a metal media, and therefore impacts the blast wheels 44, 82a, 82b, and 82c, conveyor 58', and other components with less energy for a given projection velocity. This reduces the rate of abrasive wear and extends the useful life of the impellers, conveyor 58', and other components.
  • the ceramic peening media 48 extends the life and reduces surface discontinuities and damage on the blast wheels 44, 82a, 82b, and 82c (wear due to abrasion), resulting in improved blasting performance over the time an individual impeller is used.
  • cast metal impellers stay much smoother, resulting in less "splaying" of the ceramic peening media 48 off the impellers in a random fashion as the blast wheels 44, 82a, 82b, and 82c rotate.
  • a greater amount of the ceramic peening media 48 will leave the tip of the impeller in the desired/theoretical projection direction and with the desired velocity, which results in improved peening.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de fabrication d'un composant de suspension de véhicule, tel qu'un ressort hélicoïdal, comprend l'étape consistant à faire tourner une première turbine afin de projeter un milieu de martelage en céramique dans une première direction vers le composant de suspension de véhicule afin de marteler une section de surface du composant de suspension de véhicule. Dans un exemple, le composant de suspension de véhicule est martelé avec un milieu de martelage métallique avant le martelage avec le milieu de martelage en céramique.
PCT/US2008/056357 2007-04-17 2008-03-10 Procédé de martelage destiné à un ressort de suspension de véhicule Ceased WO2008130742A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/736,205 US7946009B2 (en) 2007-04-17 2007-04-17 Peening method for vehicle suspension spring
US11/736,205 2007-04-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008130742A2 true WO2008130742A2 (fr) 2008-10-30
WO2008130742A3 WO2008130742A3 (fr) 2009-02-19

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2008/056357 Ceased WO2008130742A2 (fr) 2007-04-17 2008-03-10 Procédé de martelage destiné à un ressort de suspension de véhicule

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US7946009B2 (fr)
TW (1) TW200906650A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008130742A2 (fr)

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US8308150B2 (en) * 2009-06-17 2012-11-13 Nhk Spring Co., Ltd. Coil spring for vehicle suspension and method for manufacturing the same
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US12472605B2 (en) * 2024-04-22 2025-11-18 Trc Services, Inc. Process and apparatus for integrated sucker rod conditioning and shot peening

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2008130742A3 (fr) 2009-02-19
US20080258367A1 (en) 2008-10-23
US7946009B2 (en) 2011-05-24
TW200906650A (en) 2009-02-16

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