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WO2008128296A1 - Système de gestion de batterie - Google Patents

Système de gestion de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008128296A1
WO2008128296A1 PCT/AU2008/000565 AU2008000565W WO2008128296A1 WO 2008128296 A1 WO2008128296 A1 WO 2008128296A1 AU 2008000565 W AU2008000565 W AU 2008000565W WO 2008128296 A1 WO2008128296 A1 WO 2008128296A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
control unit
master control
management system
battery management
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2008/000565
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Rodney Colin Lawton Dilkes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2007902146A external-priority patent/AU2007902146A0/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AU2008241371A priority Critical patent/AU2008241371B2/en
Publication of WO2008128296A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008128296A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H02J7/54—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery management system, particularly, although not exclusively, for batteries that comprise a number of Lithium Ion cells.
  • batteries it is known for batteries to consist or a number of cells connected in series and/or in parallel. Some batteries require controls to ensure that each cell remains between set upper and lower charge limits to prevent damage. In addition, overcharging or over discharging of the cells can lead to permanent damage of the cells, or even catastrophic failure.
  • Lithium Ion batteries are a particular example of a requirement for a battery management system capable of preventing overcharge and over discharge.
  • Lithium Ion batteries by themselves are generally not self balancing. That is, the cells will gradually take different charge levels over a number of charge cycles. During charging of a series connected battery some cells that may have a higher state of charge will become overcharged and possibly damaged. The same applies for deep discharges where damage can also result.
  • a battery management system for a battery comprising at least one cell
  • the battery management system comprising a master control unit coupled to charging and discharging means for charging and discharging the at least one cell, and at least one cell module coupled to the master control unit and to a respective cell, each cell having a respective cell module coupled thereto, whereby the cell module comprises a circuit operable to detect a change in state of the cell coupled thereto and to interrupt a control signal from the master control unit in response to the change of state such that the master control unit is operable to control charging or discharging of the battery in response to the control signal and the detected change in state.
  • the cell module includes circuit means for bypassing current when the voltage exceeds a predetermined amount.
  • the change of state is where the voltage across the cell terminals falls outside a predetermined range.
  • the present invention provides a battery management system in which the cells within the battery are kept in a balanced state of charge thereby reducing the risk of permanent damage or failure.
  • the battery management system operates in such a manner that if an individual cell fails or if the cell module circuit fails the master control unit will act to reduce or abort charging or discharging and in this manner will be fail safe.
  • the battery management system is decentralised: operating at the cell level. That is, there is one cell module for each cell and it is attached between the positive and negative terminals. Each cell module operates independently of the others and is powered by the cell to which it is attached. This is an advantage over known battery management systems which manage the balancing of the cells at a centralised level.
  • Figure 1 is a functional block diagram of a battery management system of a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a circuit diagram for a cell module of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of the master control unit of the battery management system of Figure 1 ;
  • cell can apply to one or more smaller elements connected in parallel to effectively create a single cell of larger amp hour capacity.
  • optoisolator can refer also to any similar device with an isolated output, such as an optocoupler or relay.
  • a battery 1 comprises a plurality of cells 2 connected in series.
  • the cells are lithium ion cells, but other types and chemistries can also be used.
  • the battery management system 100 of the present invention comprises a master control unit 3 and a number of cell modules 4: one cell module 4 for each individual cell 2. This is illustrated schematically in Figure 1.
  • Each cell module 4 comprises electronic circuitry which will be described in further detail below.
  • Each cell module 4 is connected to positive and negative terminals of its respective cell 2 via a suitable conductor 6a, 6b such as wire or metal plate and is - in this embodiment - located near to its respective cell 2, although this is not necessary.
  • Each cell module 4 is also coupled to adjacent cell modules 4 via signal conducting means such as wires 11 or other suitable signal conductors such as optical fibres.
  • the master control unit 3 controls the overall charge and discharge currents to the battery.
  • the master control unit 3 is coupled to a charge controller 8 and a discharge controller 9.
  • the charge controller 9 and the discharge controller 8 can be any suitable charge controller and discharge controller respectively, as would be known to any person skilled in the art.
  • the discharge controller 8 will be a relay or electrical contactor controlled by the master control unit 3 . If one or more cell modules 4 in the battery registers a fault to the master control unit 3, the master control unit 3 will cause the relay to open and disconnect the load 7 from the battery.
  • a more sophisticated example of a discharge controller 8 may be a device that progressively reduces the current to the load 7 while the master control unit is signaling a fault.
  • Another example of a discharge controller 8 may be to illuminate an alarm light or sound a warning buzzer.
  • the master control unit 3 can disconnect the battery charger 10 from the battery in the event of a battery fault.
  • the charge control unit 9 becomes part of the integrated master control unit 3a.
  • the cell modules 4 are also coupled to the master control unit 3 as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • each cell module 4 is coupled to the master control unit 3 and to each other by a one-wire interface - comprising the signal conductors 11.
  • the one-wire interface comprises a one-wire circuit 11 providing a series connection of the cell modules 4 signal outputs 19.
  • the one-wire circuit 11 is coupled to a voltage monitor signal input 17 of the master control unit 3. This will be described in further detail below.
  • This single signal wire 11 connects to all of the cell modules 4 in series. Under normal conditions the voltage monitor circuit of each cell module 4 will be such that the ouput optoisolator 19 or relay will be in an active state or "closed circuif. With the cell modules 4 connected together in series thus, a small signal current supplied by the master control unit 3 can be made to flow through the signal wire 11. If the voltage of any cell 2 goes outside outside a safe predetermined range the cell module 4 voltage monitor circuit will cause its optoisolator 19 or relay to become inactive or "open circuif.
  • the master control unit 3 will no longer be able to cause a current to flow in the signal wire 11 and will thus detect an error with the battery 1.
  • the voltage monitor circuit of any cell module 4 fails. In this way the battery management system 100 can operate in a fail safe manner.
  • the master control unit 3 controls the overall charge and discharge currents to the battery 1 in that it controls the charging and discharging directly or supplies signals to the charge controller 9 and discharge controller 8 to control the charging and discharging of the cells 2.
  • the battery charger 10 is operable to provide a constant current/voltage of the appropriate level for the battery 1 such that it provides a constant current up to a predetermined voltage limit and then a lower constant current until the peak charging voltage for the battery 1 is reached, and then a constant voltage for a predetermined time or until the charging current reduces to a predetermined limit.
  • the charging cycle is then complete, as is known to persons skilled in the art.
  • the master control unit 3 is operable to reduce or cut off the charging current or the discharging current to the cells 2 if the voltage of one of the cells 2 goes outside predetermined limits, such as those considered being safe for the battery to be subject to.
  • the battery management system 100 thus provides a fail safe operation when all the individual cells 2 are operating within a predetermined safe voltage in order to activate charging. If one of the cells 2 fails or begins to operate outside the safe limits, then master control unit 3 will detect an open circuit in the signal wire 11 and the master control unit 3 interrupts charging.
  • the structure and operation of the battery management system 100 and the modules within the battery management system 100 will now be described in more detail.
  • Each cell module 4 comprises a shunt regulator circuit 12 and a voltage monitor circuit 13. This is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • the shunt regulator circuit 12 is operable to bypass current from the cells 2 when the voltage across any one cell 2 reaches a predetermined limit, thus enabling the battery 1 state of charge to be balanced.
  • the voltage monitor circuit 13 is operable to provide feedback to the master control unit 3 via signal wire 11 when cells are operating outside safe voltage limits.
  • FIG. 1 A circuit diagram for the shunt regulator circuit 12 is shown in Figure 2.
  • each cell module 4 is coupled to its respective cell 2 via conductors 6a, 6b.
  • the shunt regulator circuit 12 is coupled to the conductors 6a, 6b and is operable to bypass some or all of the charging current to its respective cell 2 when the voltage across the cell 2 reaches a predetermined level.
  • the bypass level is set using a resistive voltage divider 14 provided in the shunt regulator circuit 12. This voltage divider acts to reduce the cell voltage applied to the reference input of shunt regulator IC 15 to a suitable level to activate the shunt regulator IC 15 at a predetermined voltage.
  • the shunt regulator IC 15 when activated will cause transistor 23 to conduct current between the cell terminals 6a and 6b.
  • the circuit acts in total as a shunt regulator.
  • the voltage at which bypassing commences is set to the same level for all cells 2 and is in the in the range 3.5 volt to 4.2 volt for Lithium Ion batteries. This level is determined by the battery cell chemistry. Other values may suit other types of cell.
  • the bypass level will normally be set at or close to what is considered to be the fully charged voltage of the cell. This voltage can be arbitrarily assigned according to safety and lifecycle considerations.
  • the fully charged and balanced voltage is determined by the battery charger 10 peak voltage. This voltage will normally equal the number of cells 2 in the battery 1 multiplied by the cell fully charged voltage value.
  • the shunt regulator circuit 12 includes an LED 18 which lights when charging current is bypassed by the shunt regulator circuit 12. This indicates that the relevant cell 2 has reached its predetermined voltage.
  • the voltage monitor circuit 13 will now be described. This enables the battery management system 100 to detect when at least one of the cells 2 is operating outside safe limits.
  • the voltage monitor circuit 13 is also coupled to the conductors 6a, 6b and in parallel with the shunt regulator circuit 12.
  • the voltage monitor circuit 13 is coupled to the one-wire circuit 11 via an optoisolator 19.
  • the voltage monitor circuit 13 detects whether the voltage across the respective cell 2 is within predetermined upper and lower limits. These upper and lower limits are set using second and third resistive voltage dividers 20, 21 respectively. The upper maximum voltage is determined by voltage divider 20 and the lower minimum voltage is determined by voltage divider 21. Voltage dividers 20 and 21 act in unison with their respective regulator ICs 20a, 21a such that the optoisolator 19 will be active when the voltage between conductors 6a and 6b is between the predetermined upper and lower limits. In this embodiment, the upper limit is 4.2 volt and the lower limit 2.5 volt. These limits have been arbitrarily assigned according to the cell type and chemistry and as such the values are examples only.
  • Each of the optoisolators 19 are coupled in series via the one-wire circuit 11 to adjacent cell modules 4 in a logical "AND" arrangement. In other words all of the optoisolators must be in a conducting state for current to flow in the on-wire circuit 11.
  • the optoisolator 19 When the voltage across a cell 2 is within the predetermined upper and lower limits, then the optoisolator 19 will conduct current. This represents the "OK" state. If all the optoisolators 19 are conducting, then current will flow along the one-wire circuit 11 and a closed circuit will be detected at the voltage monitor signal terminals 17 of the master control unit 3.
  • the respective optoisolator 19 will cease to conduct and the signal current supplied by the master control unit 3 will cease to flow along the one- wire circuit 11 , the master control unit 3 via signal terminals 17 will thus detect an open circuit and so the master control unit 3 will determine that one of the cells is operating outside safe limits.
  • the master control unit 3 will be operable to interrupt charging or discharging. This is therefore a fail safe arrangement.
  • an LED 22 is provided coupled to the optoisolator 19 to provide a visual indication of safe operation on the cell module.
  • the cell module 4 has an added advantage that when the shunt regulator circuit 12 is bypassing current, heat generated is directed to the terminals of the cell: thus the cell 2 acts as a heat sink. This means that no external heat sink is required for the cell module 4.
  • Figure 3 is a circuit diagram for the master control unit 3.
  • the master control unit 3 wil now be described.
  • the master control unit has three primary circuits.
  • the power circuit 24 contains the power supply and cell module monitoring function.
  • the load control circuit 31 contains an output relay 29 to control the load.
  • the charge control circuit 9 contains functionality to disconnect the charge current in event of an abnormal state.
  • the master control unit 3 is powered directly from the battery 1 via connectors 5a, 5b. This feeds a dc-dc converter 25 which has at its output 12 volt DC.
  • a signal current output 17 is connected to the cell modules 4. This current is limited to a small amount by resistor 26 which is attached to the base of transistor 27.
  • the cell module signal circuit 11 will conduct some current which will in turn cause transistor 27 to switch on and conduct current through relay 28. If the voltage of one or more cells 2 falls outside the predetermined range the signal output 17 will appear as a high resistance or open circuit. In this case the transistor 27 will switch off and not conduct current through relay 28.
  • the normally open relay 28 will be active and thus the output contacts will be closed. This provides +12 volt to the coil of the normally open load control relay 29. In turn this relay will be closed which will indicate to the load control device 8 that conditions are "OK" and the load can operate normally. LED 30 will also illuminate at this time.
  • the relay 28 will provide +12 volt to the charge control section 9.
  • the normally open charge reset relay 34 will be activated and remain activated until a cell module 4 indicates a change of state or the master control unit is switched off via switch 35. This will in turn activate the normally open charge control relay. 36 which will indicate to the battery charger 10 that conditions are "OK". In the event of a change of state to "abnormal" the charge control relay 36 will deactivate and stay deactivated until the charge reset button 33 is again pressed.
  • the charge control relay 36 is active an LED 37 will illuminate to indicate that the charging circuit is active. It can be seen in this instance that the charge control circuit 9 directly controls the charge current which will be disconnected in the event of an abnormal battery 1 state. In this manner the master control unit 3 and charge control unit 9 are integrated into one device 3a which directly controls the battery charger.
  • All of the relays in the master control unit 3 require a +12V supply to keep them in an active or OK" state. It can be seen that any circuit failure or power failure will result in both the charge control relay 36 and load control relay 29 becoming inactive and thus inhibiting charging and discharging. In this manner the master control unit 3 exhibits a fail safe characteristic.
  • a variation within the scope of this invention may include optical means of signal transmission between the cell modules 4 and the master control unit 3 rather than the electrical circuit 11.

Landscapes

  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de gestion de batterie (100) qui surveille l'état de piles (2) constituant une batterie (1) et change ou interrompt la charge lorsque l'une quelconque des piles est complètement chargée ou commence à fonctionner à l'extérieur de limites de sécurité. Le système comprend une unité de commande maître (3) et un ou plusieurs modules de pile (4) : un module de pile pour chaque pile. Le module de pile comprend un circuit régulateur shunt qui dérive du courant par rapport aux piles lorsqu'elles ont atteint un état de charge complet, et un circuit de surveillance de tension qui détecte lorsqu'une pile individuelle commence à fonctionner à l'extérieur de niveaux prédéterminés. Dans l'un ou l'autre cas, un signal de commande est envoyé à l'unité de commande maître par le module de pile et l'unité de commande maître est apte à changer ou interrompre le cycle de charge ou décharge si nécessaire.
PCT/AU2008/000565 2007-04-24 2008-04-24 Système de gestion de batterie Ceased WO2008128296A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2008241371A AU2008241371B2 (en) 2007-04-24 2008-04-24 Battery management system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2007902146A AU2007902146A0 (en) 2007-04-24 Fail safe battery management system
AU2007902146 2007-04-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008128296A1 true WO2008128296A1 (fr) 2008-10-30

Family

ID=39874991

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2008/000565 Ceased WO2008128296A1 (fr) 2007-04-24 2008-04-24 Système de gestion de batterie

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (2) AU2008201759A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008128296A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6359137A (ja) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-15 Canon Inc 通信システム
DE102011011428A1 (de) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-16 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung, insbesondere Elektrofahrzeug, Hubwerk, Regalbediengerät mit Hubwerk oder Gabelstapler, mit Energiespeicher
DE102011011429A1 (de) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-16 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Ladegerät für einen Akkumulator
EP2720288A1 (fr) 2012-10-12 2014-04-16 Dynamis Holding AG Module de stockage d'énergie rechargeable
JP2014515248A (ja) * 2011-03-28 2014-06-26 チャンズ アセンディング エンタープライズ カンパニー リミテッド 車両適用のための高電圧バッテリシステム
JP2014215112A (ja) * 2013-04-24 2014-11-17 ローム株式会社 蓄電素子監視回路、充電システム、及び集積回路
US20220252677A1 (en) * 2021-02-11 2022-08-11 EV Power WA Pty Ltd Battery management system
DE102024001077A1 (de) * 2024-04-05 2025-05-15 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Verfahren zum teilautonomen Ladungsausgleich zwischen elektrochemischen Einzelzellen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5666040A (en) * 1996-08-27 1997-09-09 Bourbeau; Frank Networked battery monitor and control system and charging method
WO1999005766A1 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Systeme de batterie insensible aux defaillances utilisant une architecture de reseau entre batteries
US6043629A (en) * 1998-11-03 2000-03-28 Hughes Electronics Corporation Modular control electronics for batteries
US6404166B1 (en) * 1997-01-21 2002-06-11 Metrixx Limited Signalling system
US6472098B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-10-29 Sony Corporation Battery device for loading on a mobile system
US6511764B1 (en) * 1997-10-20 2003-01-28 Usar Systems, Inc. Voltaic pile with charge equalizing system
WO2003047064A2 (fr) * 2001-11-27 2003-06-05 Xsilogy, Inc. Systeme et capteurs de telesurveillance de batteries
US20040199343A1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-07 Cardinal Mark E. Integrated, self-powered battery monitoring device and system
US20060103351A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-18 Denso Corporation Battery pack manager
WO2006068429A1 (fr) * 2004-12-24 2006-06-29 Lg Chem, Ltd. Systeme pour commander un equilibrage de tensions dans une pluralite de blocs de batteries a cellules lithium-ion et procede de celui-ci

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5666040A (en) * 1996-08-27 1997-09-09 Bourbeau; Frank Networked battery monitor and control system and charging method
US6404166B1 (en) * 1997-01-21 2002-06-11 Metrixx Limited Signalling system
WO1999005766A1 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Systeme de batterie insensible aux defaillances utilisant une architecture de reseau entre batteries
US6511764B1 (en) * 1997-10-20 2003-01-28 Usar Systems, Inc. Voltaic pile with charge equalizing system
US6043629A (en) * 1998-11-03 2000-03-28 Hughes Electronics Corporation Modular control electronics for batteries
US6472098B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2002-10-29 Sony Corporation Battery device for loading on a mobile system
WO2003047064A2 (fr) * 2001-11-27 2003-06-05 Xsilogy, Inc. Systeme et capteurs de telesurveillance de batteries
US20040199343A1 (en) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-07 Cardinal Mark E. Integrated, self-powered battery monitoring device and system
US20060103351A1 (en) * 2004-11-18 2006-05-18 Denso Corporation Battery pack manager
WO2006068429A1 (fr) * 2004-12-24 2006-06-29 Lg Chem, Ltd. Systeme pour commander un equilibrage de tensions dans une pluralite de blocs de batteries a cellules lithium-ion et procede de celui-ci

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS6359137A (ja) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-15 Canon Inc 通信システム
DE102011011429B4 (de) * 2011-02-16 2013-05-23 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Ladegerät für einen Akkumulator
DE102011011429A1 (de) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-16 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Ladegerät für einen Akkumulator
WO2012110186A1 (fr) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-23 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Appareil de charge pour un accumulateur
WO2012110185A1 (fr) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-23 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Dispositif, en particulier véhicule électrique, dispositif de levage, chariot de magasinier avec dispositif de levage ou élévateur à fourche, comportant un accumulateur d'énergie
DE102011011428B4 (de) * 2011-02-16 2013-05-23 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung, insbesondere Elektrofahrzeug, Hubwerk, Regalbediengerät mit Hubwerk oder Gabelstapler, mit Energiespeicher
DE102011011428A1 (de) * 2011-02-16 2012-08-16 Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung, insbesondere Elektrofahrzeug, Hubwerk, Regalbediengerät mit Hubwerk oder Gabelstapler, mit Energiespeicher
JP2016154437A (ja) * 2011-03-28 2016-08-25 チャンズ アセンディング エンタープライズ カンパニー リミテッド 車両適用のための高電圧バッテリシステム
JP2014515248A (ja) * 2011-03-28 2014-06-26 チャンズ アセンディング エンタープライズ カンパニー リミテッド 車両適用のための高電圧バッテリシステム
KR102062743B1 (ko) * 2011-03-28 2020-01-06 창 어센딩 엔터프라이즈 컴패니 리미티드 차량 어플리케이션용 고전압 배터리 시스템
DE102012020415A1 (de) 2012-10-12 2014-04-17 Dynamis Holding AG Wiederaufladbares Stromspeichermodul
EP2720288A1 (fr) 2012-10-12 2014-04-16 Dynamis Holding AG Module de stockage d'énergie rechargeable
JP2014215112A (ja) * 2013-04-24 2014-11-17 ローム株式会社 蓄電素子監視回路、充電システム、及び集積回路
US20220252677A1 (en) * 2021-02-11 2022-08-11 EV Power WA Pty Ltd Battery management system
DE102024001077A1 (de) * 2024-04-05 2025-05-15 Mercedes-Benz Group AG Verfahren zum teilautonomen Ladungsausgleich zwischen elektrochemischen Einzelzellen eines elektrischen Energiespeichers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2008241371B2 (en) 2009-10-01
AU2008241371A1 (en) 2008-10-30
AU2008201759A1 (en) 2008-11-13

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