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WO2008113586A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour la détermination d'une courbe caractéristique de fréquence et la mise en action d'un outil à ultrasons - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour la détermination d'une courbe caractéristique de fréquence et la mise en action d'un outil à ultrasons Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008113586A2
WO2008113586A2 PCT/EP2008/002226 EP2008002226W WO2008113586A2 WO 2008113586 A2 WO2008113586 A2 WO 2008113586A2 EP 2008002226 W EP2008002226 W EP 2008002226W WO 2008113586 A2 WO2008113586 A2 WO 2008113586A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
tool
frequency
ultrasonic tool
frequency characteristic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/002226
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008113586A3 (fr
Inventor
Hermann-Josef Kuenen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SAUER ULTRASONIC GmbH
Original Assignee
SAUER ULTRASONIC GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SAUER ULTRASONIC GmbH filed Critical SAUER ULTRASONIC GmbH
Publication of WO2008113586A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008113586A2/fr
Publication of WO2008113586A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008113586A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
    • G01H9/008—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means by using ultrasonic waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for determining the frequency characteristic and for operating an ultrasonic tool.
  • FIG. 1 An ultrasonic tool is shown schematically in FIG. 1 is an only partially shown workpiece, 2 is an ultrasonic head of an ultrasonic workpiece 10 and 3 is the driver of the
  • Ultrasonic tool 10 The driver 3 moves in accordance with a signal applied to its terminals 3a, 3b electrical signal head 2 in oscillating motion.
  • the vibration can be translational or rotational. In Fig. 1, for example, it may be translational along the Z axis or rotational about the Z axis.
  • the head has one or more hard or rough surfaces 2a, 2b, 2c, with which the material of the workpiece to be machined is ultimately abraded or pushed (impact drilling principle).
  • the head 2 can have different shapes. Unlike the flat embodiments of the work surfaces shown 2 a, 2 b or 2 c shown may also be provided rather pointed or edged embodiments that facilitate the beating removal.
  • the periodic movement of the working head takes place in frequency ranges which have ultrasonic frequencies, that is, for example, in the range above 20 kHz, sometimes even higher than 50 kHz. But it can also be used lower frequencies.
  • the mechanical amplitudes are comparatively small.
  • the driver 3 can be an electromagnetic drive system or a piezo system which generates the desired mechanical oscillation of the head 2 in accordance with the applied electrical signal.
  • a drive signal (voltage) is applied to the terminals 3a, 3b, the frequency of which is determined more accurately and in particular lies at a resonance frequency of the head 2 or in a defined deviation thereof.
  • the mechanical resonance frequencies of the head result from its inherent mass and rigidity. Since a head 2 can be a comparatively complex structure, it is also possible for a plurality of mutually independent resonant frequencies, together with respective harmonics, to arise.
  • FIG. 2 shows the relationships schematically.
  • Figure 2A is the
  • the abscissa represents the excitation frequency, the ordinate the mechanical amplitude of the oscillation as a function of the frequency.
  • the abscissa is logarithmically divided.
  • the example assumed curve has some resonances f ⁇ l, fO2 and fO3.
  • the frequency f ⁇ l may be 31 kHz
  • fO2 may be a harmonic of 62 kHz
  • the frequency fO3 may be an independent resonance frequency of, for example, 70 kHz.
  • FIG. 2B shows the voltage signal applied to the driver 3 during the working process in its frequency characteristic. It has two discrete frequencies at the resonant frequencies f ⁇ 1 and fO2, giving the tool two of its mechanical
  • the drive signal during the removal may have one or more resonance frequencies and possibly further signal components.
  • the signal of FIG. 2B could also have only one or all of the frequencies fO1, fO2 and fO3.
  • the drive signal may, but need not, have the lowest resonant frequency and / or the largest maximum signal component.
  • the frequency response of Fig. 2A is determined prior to starting work with the tool.
  • a specially provided measuring apparatus is connected to the terminals 3a, 3b of the converter 3, with which a signal of a frequency tunable in the frequency range of interest can be applied to the driver 3, which allows the measurement of a corresponding electrical signal at the terminals.
  • a constant-amplitude signal of a gradually varying frequency is applied, and the current to the driver 3 is measured.
  • the resonance frequencies of FIG. 2A are clearly reflected in the measured (current) profile, so that the frequencies of the extrema (maxima or minima) of the measured profile can be taken as the resonance frequency f01, f02, f03 ....
  • the operator of the machine determines this Set the resonance frequencies of the head 2 and then adjust the signal generator to drive the driver accordingly.
  • the determined resonant frequency of a tool can change during operation.
  • the temperature may change (increase), so that, accordingly, a dimensional change (expansion, enlargement) of the tool 2 takes place, so that the resonance frequency changes accordingly.
  • the resonant frequency of the force between tool 2 and workpiece 1 and thus ultimately also on the propulsion speed, which is applied for the tool depend. Schematically, these effects are shown in FIG.
  • the abscissa may be the feed force F or the tool temperature T.
  • the ordinate is the resonance frequency fo dependent thereon.
  • Curve 31 shows the dependence of the resonance frequency f ⁇ on the temperature T, ie f0 (T).
  • Curve 32 shows the dependence of the resonance frequency fo on the feed force F, that is fO (F).
  • the Gradients are not constant. It is still difficult to predict. For different resonance frequencies f ⁇ 1, f02, the gradients can be qualitatively and / or quantitatively different. The individual influencing factors can overlap.
  • the effects described cause the resonant frequency to change unpredictably as the tool operates, so that the initial resonant frequency measurement no longer accurately reflects the true ratios. It must then laboriously again as described, the resonance frequency can be determined to make new settings. Depending on the nature of the workpiece and the tool and in dependence on other parameters, this can thus lead to significant Nachjustieraufwand for the resonance frequencies during work.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method and a device for determining the frequency characteristic and for operating an electrically controllable ultrasonic tool, which allow a quick and easy determination of frequency parameters of the tool.
  • a significant parameter for the control of the ultrasonic tool or the entire ultrasonic machine is the feed rate or the feed force. This has hitherto been measured by suitable measuring devices, for example by a load cell (with strain gauges). strip and / or piezoelectric elements or the like), and the resulting signal is fed to a controller for further evaluation and instigation.
  • the object of the invention in this respect is to provide a method and a device that allow easy detection of the feed force or its change.
  • a method for determining the frequency characteristic of an electrically controllable ultrasonic tool has the steps of applying an electrical noise signal as a drive signal the tool, measuring the time course of an electrical variable on the ultrasonic tool as a measurement signal, performing a frequency analysis in the measured course and determining the frequency characteristic based on the analysis result.
  • the noise signal can be applied to the tool for a relatively short time.
  • the measurement, the performance of the frequency analysis and the determination of the frequency characteristic can be carried out automatically with reference to the measured signal measured, so that a simplification of the determination of the frequency characteristic is achieved.
  • the noise signal may be a voltage signal, the measurement signal a current signal.
  • the frequency analysis may be a Fourier analysis which as a result gives the progression of the intensity over the frequency. You can then search for extremes in this process.
  • the frequencies of the extrema are the resonant frequencies of the tool.
  • the phase angle between current and voltage on the ultrasonic tool or its change can be measured.
  • the angle and its change clearly depends on the feed force or its change. This gives a measure of the feed force or its change.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically an ultrasonic tool on a
  • Workpiece, 2 shows an example of mechanical resonance frequencies and electrical control of the
  • Fig. 8 shows the dependence between feed force
  • FIG. 9 shows schematically a sound card used together with a closer electrical environment.
  • FIG. 4 shows signals and courses which may arise or are relevant in the determination according to the invention of the resonance frequency (s) of the ultrasonic tool 2.
  • FIG. 4 A shows the spectrum (intensity versus frequency) of a signal applied to the terminals 3 a, 3 b of the converter 3 of the tool 10. It deals is a noise signal generated by a generator that covers the frequency range of interest.
  • the frequency range of interest is described by a lower limit frequency fgu and by an upper limit frequency fgo.
  • the lower limit frequency fgu may be greater than or less than or equal to 2 kHz or 5 kHz or 10 kHz or 20 kHz.
  • the upper limit frequency fgo may be greater than or less than or equal to 40 kHz or 60 kHz or 80 kHz or 96 kHz.
  • frequencies below the ultrasonic range may also be of interest and thus included in the measurement or evaluation.
  • the noise signal 41 has a suitable intensity profile over the frequency. Preferably, it is known in the frequency range of interest and reasonably constant or such that the smallest amplitude of the largest amplitude differ by not more than 50%, preferably 10%, from each other. Preferably, the noise signal has no strong maxima at certain frequencies.
  • the time-varying signal whose spectrum is shown in FIG. 4A is applied to the terminals 3 a, 3 b of the tool 10.
  • Fig. 4B shows a time course.
  • the abscissa shows milliseconds, the ordinate an intensity. This may be the current in the converter 3. It is assumed that the voltage causing the signal is applied at time 0 and is switched off again at 500 milliseconds.
  • the signal of Figure 4B can equally be considered as representing the (above-mentioned) input voltage over time as well as the input current over time.
  • the voltage may be the signal provided by the generator while the current is due to the reactance of the converter in accordance with the applied voltage.
  • the time course of the measuring signal is not very meaningful.
  • FIG. 4C shows an exemplary spectrum of the converter current. It is the transformed in the frequency domain time course of the input current.
  • the spectrum derived from the time course of the measurement signal is very meaningful.
  • a first maximum at a frequency fOl at about 22 kHz a second maximum at a frequency fO2 at about 25 kHz and a harmonic to fO3 equal to 50 kHz.
  • the course of the curve C has different oscillation maxima caused by the excitation of excitation, which correspond to the resonance frequencies of the tool.
  • the tool adopted for Fig. 4C is different from that assumed for Fig. 2A.
  • the effect is utilized that the mechanical resonance frequencies of the tool caused by the mechanical structure of the transducer transform into the electrical part of the transducer due to general physical laws and become electrically "visible.”
  • the components determining the mechanical vibration determining mass and stiffness have the same effect as transformed electrical vibration determining components capacitance and inductance, which cause resonances that are like those of the mechanical system so that the electrical resonances are the same as the mechanical resonances.
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically the construction of the measuring system.
  • 3 is the converter with the electrical connections 3a and 3b.
  • 51 is a noise generator that generates the signal 41 of FIG. 4A. Via terminals 59, it can be applied to the terminals 3 a, 3 b of the converter 3.
  • a current measuring device for example a shunt (small ballast resistor) 52, which may be connected in series. According to the flowing current drops at the shunt 52 from a voltage that can be tapped and evaluated.
  • 53 may be an A / D converter which converts the voltage measured at the shunt into the digital current corresponding to the transformer current.
  • the sampling frequency of the A / D conversion must be selected with regard to the maximum interest frequency of the measurement signal.
  • the sampling frequency is at least twice the upper limit frequency fgo of the frequency range of interest. For example, if the upper limit frequency fgo is 40 kHz, the sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion would be in the component
  • the maximum sampling frequency is 192 kHz.
  • 54 denotes a memory in which the values derived from the A / D conversion can be stored time-series. Before the analog / digital conversion, a filtering of the measurement signal can take place, for example in such a way that frequencies not of interest (above fgo and keep fgu) are filtered out.
  • 55 symbolizes an analysis device. It may be a device that performs a Fourier analysis over time of the measured signal. The time history may be stored in memory 54 and may correspond to the signal shown in FIG. 4B.
  • the analyzer 55 then provides a signal qualitatively shown in Fig. 4C. Optionally, this signal can be smoothed in a smoothing device 56 and then fed to an evaluation device 57.
  • the evaluation device 57 searches for extremes, which may be maxima or minima depending on the measurement situation. These searched extremes correspond in FIG. 4C to the peaks at the frequencies f ⁇ 1, f02 and f03. These frequency values can be extracted from the course of FIG. 4C as abstract data and are then available to the further process and in particular to the controller 58. They represent, as stated, the mechanical resonance frequencies of the ultrasonic tool on which the tool is advantageously operated.
  • the measurement duration may be comparatively short and less than 1 second, preferably less than 700 milliseconds, more preferably less than 500 milliseconds.
  • the noise signal according to FIG. 4A is applied to the terminals of the ultrasonic tool 10 and the measurement signal is detected, which is then evaluated below.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically the procedure of the method. After its beginning, said noise is applied to the clamps of the tool 10 in step 61.
  • an electrical quantity at the input of the tool 10 is measured at step 62. It can be the current on the tool.
  • step 63 signal shaping, storage and conversion takes place. If appropriate, bandpass filtering may initially be carried out in such a way that frequency ranges not of interest are filtered out. Further, analog-to-digital conversion can be performed and the results stored.
  • step 64 the frequency analysis, which may be a Fourier analysis, is performed. This may be a discrete Fourier transform or a fast Fourier transform. This analysis can be done digitally. This results in a course of an intensity over the frequency according to FIG. 4C.
  • step 65 the history is evaluated. It can still be done here a smoothing.
  • the evaluation may include the search for extrema, in particular maxima or minima.
  • the frequency position of these extremes can be determined. This frequency position can be stored as an abstract value in step 66 and is then available for further processing.
  • a drive signal for the ultrasonic tool 10 can then be composed.
  • the extrema can be stored together with absolute or relative amplitudes in order to assess their relevance in the determined spectrum.
  • composition of the subsequent drive signal for the ultrasonic tool 10 for processing a workpiece 1 can be compiled according to suitable criteria.
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment in which the left-hand part of FIG. 5 (on the left of the clamps 59) is modified.
  • the noise signal from the noise generator 51 can be applied to the terminals 59, or a working signal from a signal generator 71 can be applied.
  • the noise signal from the generator 51 corresponds in its
  • a switch 72 which is actuated by a controller 58, can be switched between the two generators, so that the tool is selectively or alternately applied with measuring purposes serving noise on the one hand and with one or more more or less specific frequencies for workpiece machining on the other hand , Synchronously, a switchover (not shown) takes place in the evaluation the respective results or signals.
  • the Fourier analysis can be performed, with discrete excitation while working the phase angle observation.
  • the operation may, for example, be such that switching takes place between the two generators 51 and 71 in accordance with predetermined criteria.
  • the criterion can be a time criterion (for example, that the tool is re-measured every 5 minutes for one second). In general, the measurement duration can be significantly shorter than the working time.
  • the factor between both may be at least 50, preferably at least 100, more preferably at least 200 or 500.
  • Other criteria can be used as switching criteria, such as feed rate feed force, temperature or a combination of criteria.
  • FIG. 7 shows two separate generators 51, 71 and a switch 72 between them. This can really be implemented in this way. But it can also be the representation of a logical switching.
  • the implementation may be a programmable voltage generator that can selectively discrete frequencies or frequency responses or noise signals. Switching, symbolized by switch 72, then takes place not at the output, but at the input side in the control of the programmable generator so that alternately the generation of a more or less discrete frequency for work purposes or the generation of noise
  • Measuring purposes is controlled. In each case, a current resonant frequency can then be determined in a timely manner and then used in the further course.
  • FIG. 8 shows a relationship which according to the invention can be utilized for force measurement during workpiece machining.
  • Figure 8 is a qualitative diagram of the relationship between feed force F and phase angle wui between current and voltage at the transducer 3.
  • the abscissa shows the force F, the ordinate the phase angle wui.
  • FO For a given force FO, assume a certain phase angle wui 0. If, starting from FO, the feed force changes by ⁇ F, this correspondingly leads to a change ⁇ woi of the phase angle corresponding to the characteristic curve.
  • the characteristic curve may also be decreasing instead of increasing. Accordingly, during workpiece machining, that is to say during the control of the transducer 3 with a signal qualitatively as shown in FIG.
  • the phase between current and voltage at the transducer 3 can be evaluated, in particular the phase change can be determined so as to provide a signal for the force change receive.
  • This signal can then be used for other purposes, such as force control or, since the force change with a Resonant frequency change correlates, for tracking the drive frequency to some extent.
  • phase determination or phase change determination can be made with reference to the output signal of the voltage generator 71 and the current measured, for example, at the shunt 52. It can be done partly or completely in the analogue or digital domain. It can then be made an input to the controller 60, according to which the controller makes further Voranmik.
  • FIG. 9 shows this schematically.
  • 90 is a commercially available sound card that can be inserted via a connector strip 93 in the slot of a PC 96.
  • 91 and 92 are externally accessible ports. These are analogue connections. Terminal 91 is an output, terminal 92 is an input.
  • a / D converters which are located behind the input and the output.
  • 51 and 71 schematically show the output signal generation. It may be digital and optionally generate a frequency discrete signal (during material removal) or a noise signal (during resonant frequency detection) depending on the drive through a sound card controller 94.
  • the signal is converted from the digital to the analog and provided at the output terminal 91. It can be picked up there via a plug, amplified if necessary in a suitable broadband amplifier 95 and then applied to the converter 3.
  • the incoming analog signal that is to say a signal which reproduces, for example, the voltage at shunt 52
  • the incoming analog signal can then optionally be buffered in a buffer 54 and then further processed in accordance with the sound card controller 94.
  • the computer 96 can receive the sound card via the terminal 93, the detected resonant frequencies and, where appropriate, associated intensities, to accordingly generate a frequency-discrete output signal during workpiece machining.
  • the switching between frequency discrete working signal and noisy measurement signal can also be caused by a higher-level control beyond the sound card, ie in the computer 96.
  • the measurement signal can be shaped and processed before it is input to the sound card, for example, by gain or attenuation or impedance conversion is made.
  • the sound card can be used, although the signals considered have nothing to do with sound. At most, signal normalization (amplitude, impedance) may be necessary on the input and output sides. Otherwise, significant activities (generation of a noise signal, generation of a frequency-discrete signal, switching between the two, conversion of an incoming electrical measurement signal) can be made in the soundcard, without the need for specialized components.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détermination de la courbe caractéristique de fréquence d'un outil à ultrasons pouvant être commandé électriquement, procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes : application, à l'outil, d'un signal bruit électrique, en tant que signal de commande; mesure de la variation temporelle d'une valeur électrique dans l'outil à ultrasons, en tant que signal de mesure; exécution d'une analyse de fréquence dans la variation mesurée; et détermination de la courbe caractéristique de fréquence au moyen du résultat de l'analyse.
PCT/EP2008/002226 2007-03-19 2008-03-19 Procédé et dispositif pour la détermination d'une courbe caractéristique de fréquence et la mise en action d'un outil à ultrasons Ceased WO2008113586A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007013055.6A DE102007013055B4 (de) 2007-03-19 2007-03-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Frequenzkennlinie und zum Betreiben eines Ultraschallwerkzeugs
DE102007013055.6 2007-03-19

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008113586A2 true WO2008113586A2 (fr) 2008-09-25
WO2008113586A3 WO2008113586A3 (fr) 2008-12-04

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PCT/EP2008/002226 Ceased WO2008113586A2 (fr) 2007-03-19 2008-03-19 Procédé et dispositif pour la détermination d'une courbe caractéristique de fréquence et la mise en action d'un outil à ultrasons

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WO (1) WO2008113586A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011077568B4 (de) 2011-06-15 2023-12-07 Dmg Mori Ultrasonic Lasertec Gmbh Werkzeugmaschine, Werkstückbearbeitungsverfahren
DE102015212809B4 (de) * 2015-07-08 2021-08-26 Sauer Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung einer Resonanzfrequenz eines in Ultraschall versetzten Werkzeugs für die spanende Bearbeitung
DE102016214699A1 (de) * 2016-08-08 2018-02-08 Sauer Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung eines Werkstücks an einer numerisch gesteuerten Werkzeugmaschine
DE102019209191B4 (de) 2019-06-25 2025-05-22 Dmg Mori Ultrasonic Lasertec Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum steuern einer ultraschall-werkzeugeinheit für die spanende bearbeitung an einer werkzeugmaschine
EP4496667A1 (fr) * 2022-03-22 2025-01-29 Schunk Sonosystems Gmbh Procédé de commande d'un générateur d'ultrasons et générateur d'ultrasons

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3447051A (en) * 1965-01-13 1969-05-27 Union Special Machine Co Control circuit for electro-mechanical devices
US3472063A (en) * 1967-04-17 1969-10-14 Branson Instr Resonant sensing device
US3743868A (en) * 1970-10-12 1973-07-03 Denki Onkyo Co Ltd Driving apparatus for piezoelectric ceramic elements
BE793601A (fr) * 1972-01-03 1973-07-02 Philips Nv Generateur d'ultrasons
GB8611510D0 (en) * 1986-05-12 1986-06-18 Rawson F F H Ultrasonic devices
FR2740572B1 (fr) * 1995-10-27 1997-12-26 Lorraine Laminage Procede et dispositif de pilotage d'actionneurs a ultra-sons de puissance
US5808396A (en) * 1996-12-18 1998-09-15 Alcon Laboratories, Inc. System and method for tuning and controlling an ultrasonic handpiece

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DE102007013055A1 (de) 2008-09-25
WO2008113586A3 (fr) 2008-12-04
DE102007013055B4 (de) 2015-11-26

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