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WO2008151401A1 - Plateau d'embrayage, boîtier du plateau d'embrayage, procédé de fabrication d'un plateau d'embrayage, système d'embrayage et véhicule - Google Patents

Plateau d'embrayage, boîtier du plateau d'embrayage, procédé de fabrication d'un plateau d'embrayage, système d'embrayage et véhicule Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008151401A1
WO2008151401A1 PCT/BR2008/000169 BR2008000169W WO2008151401A1 WO 2008151401 A1 WO2008151401 A1 WO 2008151401A1 BR 2008000169 W BR2008000169 W BR 2008000169W WO 2008151401 A1 WO2008151401 A1 WO 2008151401A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clutch
plateau
strip
housing
linearly elongated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/BR2008/000169
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ricardo Vera Torres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF do Brasil Ltda
Original Assignee
ZF do Brasil Ltda
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF do Brasil Ltda filed Critical ZF do Brasil Ltda
Publication of WO2008151401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008151401A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/58—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/16—Making other particular articles rings, e.g. barrel hoops
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D7/00—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes
    • B21D7/08—Bending rods, profiles, or tubes by passing between rollers or through a curved die
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
    • F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
    • F16D13/38—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with flat clutching surfaces, e.g. discs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00—Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
    • F16D2300/26—Cover or bell housings; Details or arrangements thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plateau, particularly a clutch system plateau used in land vehicles, which exhibits educed manufacturing costs and efficient operation.
  • the present invention further relates to a clutch plateau housing, to the process for manufacturing said clutch plateau, to a clutch system comprising said clutch plateau, and to a land automotive vehicle equipped with at least one said clutch plateau and one said clutch system.
  • Land automotive vehicles such as light commercial automobiles, transportation vehicles, buses and agricultural machines, among others, have a transmission system which transmits motion from the engine to the driving wheels, multiplying or demultiplying the power according to the need.
  • the transmission system comprises at least one gearbox, at least one differential, drive shafts or semi-shafts and at least one clutch system.
  • the clutch system comprises a plurality of components positioned between the engine and the gear of the vehicle, so as to selectively enable or prevent the transmission of engine rotations to the gearbox, and consequently to the differential, semi-shafts and driving wheels.
  • the most commonly used known clutch system is referred to as the dry monodisc system, and essentially comprises a disc, a clutch plateau and an actuation system.
  • the disc is directly responsible for transmitting torque from the engine to the gearbox of the vehicle. To this end, it comprises a first portion in the form of an outer ring, having a friction material which cooperates with a circular flywheel associated with the crankshaft, and a second central portion, having a knurled or splined hole which cooperates with the pilot or primary shaft of the gearbox of the vehicle.
  • the clutch plateau is a set of components, with a substantially circular appearance, among which the most important are the pressure plate, one or more springs and the housing.
  • the pressure plate is substantially ring- shaped, and through the force exerted by the spring(s) it presses the disc against the flywheel, increasing the friction force component.
  • the clutch operates in such a way that the spring(s) normally press(es) the pressure plate against the disc, which in turn is pressed against the flywheel, transmitting the torque.
  • the clutch at rest enables the transmission of torque from the engine to the transmission.
  • the disc For the transmission of torque from the engine to the gear to cease, the disc must be pulled away from the flywheel, ceasing its angular movement.
  • the actuating system of the clutch should be manipulated, which corresponds, in most cases, to a pedal which, when pressed, moves a fork which overcomes the elastic force exerted by the spring(s), pulling the pressure plate away from the clutch plateau. While the pedal is pressed, the pressure plate is kept away from the disc. As soon as the force exerted on the pedal ceases, the force of the spring(s) prevails again and the pressure plate is once again pressed against the disc, which in turn is pressed against the flywheel.
  • the movement of the pedal is transmitted to the fork by means of cables or of an oildynamic circuit.
  • Some vehicles use an electrical clutch actuating system, where the pedal is substituted with a servomotor which directly actuates the clutch fork.
  • the diaphragm spring consists of a conical spring with slots radiating from its center (concentric slots).
  • the spring is almost flat-mounted, so that when it tries to regain its original shape, it exerts a uniform pressure along its edges, which are on the pressure plate.
  • the thrust ring acting on the diaphragm makes it bend, releasing the pressure plate to press the disc against the flywheel.
  • the clutch plateau further comprises a cover or housing which has a structural function and encloses the other components.
  • This housing is usually made of steel and has the shape of an annular plate which defines two main surfaces, which are substantially circular and have a concentric opening, which is also circular. The purpose of the opening is to enable the correct positioning of the primary shaft of the gearbox.
  • the clutch plateau housing is formed by stamping and subsequent finishing and sizing operations.
  • a circular sheet is taken and, by stamping or punching the cylindrical cross section, the central portion of the sheet is extracted, forming, at the same time, said circular concentric opening and other characteristic folds and holes of the housing.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a clutch plateau, notably for use in a vehicle dry monodisc clutch system, having a reduced manufacturing cost due to the reduced amount of material (usually steel) required for the manufacture thereof, without loss of performance and/or functionality.
  • the present invention aims at providing a clutch plateau having a housing which, due to the reduced amount of raw material required for its manufacture, is more advantageous in terms of environmental impact, reducing the amount of waste material which needs to be discarded or reprocessed to be used at a later time.
  • the present invention further aims at providing a clutch plateau housing which requires less material to be produced, resulting in a cheaper and more advantageous manufacture in terms of environmental impact, without loss of performance and/or functionality.
  • a further object of the present invention is a process for manufacturing a clutch plateau which enables the reduction of the amount of raw material required for said manufacture, without altering its performance and/or functionality.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is a clutch system comprising the aforementioned clutch plateau.
  • a further object of the present invention is a land automotive vehicle equipped with at least one said clutch plateau and one said clutch system.
  • a clutch plateau particularly for use in a clutch system of a vehicle, having a housing of substantially annular shape and which defines at least a preferably concentric and circular opening, said housing being composed of at least one linearly elongated, annularly formed strip.
  • a clutch plateau housing having a substantially annular shape and defining at least a preferably concentric and circular opening, which is composed of at least one linearly elongated, annularly formed strip.
  • a process for manufacturing a clutch plateau specifically for manufacturing a clutch plateau housing, comprising the following steps:
  • the present invention has the following advantages, among others:
  • Figure 1 - corresponds to a schematic perspective view of a generic dry monodisc clutch system clutch plateau
  • Figure 2 - corresponds to a first schematic view of the process for the manufacture of a prior-art clutch plateau housing
  • Figure 3 - corresponds to a second schematic view of the process for the manufacture of a prior-art clutch plateau housing
  • Figure 4 - corresponds to a third schematic view of the process for the manufacture of a prior-art clutch plateau housing
  • Figure 5 - corresponds to a schematic view of a first possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a first instance
  • Figure 6 - corresponds to a schematic view of the first possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a second instance;
  • Figure 7 - corresponds to a schematic view of the first possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a third instance;
  • Figure 8 - corresponds to a schematic view of the first possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a fourth instance;
  • Figure 9 - corresponds to a schematic view of the first possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a fifth instance;
  • Figure 10 - corresponds to a schematic view of the first possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a sixth instance
  • Figure 11 - corresponds to a perspective view of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention obtained through the first possibility of the manufacturing process
  • Figure 12 - corresponds to a schematic view of a second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a first instance, when the forming of the elongated strip is made by calendering;
  • Figure 13 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a second instance, when the forming of the elongated strip is made by calendering;
  • Figure 14 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a third instance, when the forming of the elongated strip is made by calendering;
  • Figure 15 - corresponds to a schematic view of a second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a first instance, when the forming of the elongated strip is made by stamping;
  • Figure 16 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a second instance, when the forming of the elongated strip is made by stamping;
  • Figure 17 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a third instance, when the forming of the elongated strip is made by stamping;
  • Figure 18 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a fourth instance;
  • Figure 19 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a fifth instance;
  • Figure 20 - corresponds to a schematic view of the second possibility of the process for the manufacture of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention in a sixth instance;
  • Figure 21 - corresponds to a perspective view of the clutch plateau housing of the present invention obtained through the second possibility of the manufacturing process.
  • the clutch systems used in land vehicles enable the gradual equalization between the rotation of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine and the wheels of a vehicle, through the transmission system
  • a clutch disc connected directly to the pilot shaft of the gearbox (not illustrated) is provided, which can be coupled to the flywheel (also not illustrated), which is a circular part connected to the crankshaft and which rotates simultaneously with it.
  • the disc is maintained pressed against the flywheel by means of a diaphragm spring, or by means of a plurality of helical springs; however, this latter solution is outdated and desuete.
  • a generic clutch system of the dry monodisc type, is illustrated in figure 1 , with its main constituent components, namely: housing 100, disc (not illustrated), diaphragm spring 300, pressure plate 400, engagement fork/roller bearing 500 and sealing rings/seal retainers 600.
  • the usual operation condition of a clutch system maintains the engine and the gear mechanically connected, since the pressure exerted by the diaphragm spring 300 on the pressure plate 400, pressing it against the disc, generates sufficient friction force between the flywheel and the disc for the torque to be transmitted from the former to the latter.
  • the surface of the disc rubbing against the flywheel is coated with a material having known roughness/friction coefficient, such as, for example, sintered material sheets.
  • clutch pedal When the rotation of the engine needs to be decoupled from the rotation of the powertrain (for example, when the vehicle is at rest, with the engine running and the transmission in gear), the clutch disc must be pulled away from the flywheel, which, in general, is made by actuating a pedal called clutch pedal (not illustrated).
  • the clutch disc has a substantially circular shape and comprises a first portion in the form of an outer ring, having a friction material which cooperates with a circular flywheel associated with the crankshaft, and a second central portion, having a knurled or splined hole which cooperates with the pilot or primary shaft of the gearbox of the vehicle.
  • the disc further comprises a first and a second vibration damping system to attenuate the torsion vibrations generated by the engine in the transmission. It should be noted, however, that the specific constitution of the disc is irrelevant in the present case, and that it may have any of many different configurations without causing the resulting invention to be outside the scope of protection of the claims.
  • the retainers 600, the engagement fork 500 and the other accessory components may vary dramatically as to their characteristics, since they are also not included in the scope of protection of the claims.
  • the spring 300 is preferably of the diaphragm type.
  • the diaphragm spring 300 is substantially conical and has slots radiating from its center (concentric slots).
  • the spring 300 is almost flat- mounted, so that when it tries to regain its original shape, it exerts a uniform pressure along its outer perimeter, which is on the pressure plate 400.
  • the thrust ring acting on the spring 300 makes it bend, releasing the pressure plate 400 and consequently separating the disc from the flywheel.
  • This system is preferred nowadays due to the need to occupy less and less space in the engine compartment (the clutch plateau with the diaphragm spring has a very reduced thickness, which is very important for compact vehicles) and enables the use of light weight mechanical components, minimizing the resistance to the engine rotation, resulting in lower mechanical loss.
  • the whole housing has a substantially annular shape, defining a preferably concentric and circular opening to enable the correct positioning of the primary shaft of the gearbox.
  • the housing is made of steel, but it is evident that it can be made of any other required or desirable material.
  • the annular shape is obtained by stamping a preferably substantially circular steel sheet illustrated in figures 2 and 3.
  • a die or a punch illustrated as P in figure 3
  • the concentric opening 55 is made, and the piece of material corresponding to the opening is discarded.
  • the housing is made of steel, the discarded steel can be reused if sent to locations specifically intended for this purpose, but it is not used in the housing manufacturing process anymore. Since the area of the opening 55 for obtaining the housing is considerable in relation to the total area of the steel sheet 50, the waste of raw material is also relevant and inconvenient.
  • the clutch plateau of the present invention does not lead to any kind of considerable raw material waste, since its housing is not produced by stamping from a single piece.
  • a first embodiment of the clutch plateau of the present invention has a housing 1 formed by calendering of a steel strip. But essentially speaking, this first embodiment of the clutch plateau of the present invention also has a housing 1 having a substantially annular shape and which defines at least one preferably concentric and circular opening 2; however, the housing is composed of a linearly elongated, annularly formed strip 3.
  • the elongated strip 3 has a total length such that, after formed by calendering to assume an annular shape, it forms exactly the housing 1 , without the need for punching to obtain the central opening, and therefore without considerably cutting/removing material.
  • the strip 3 preferably has a substantially elongated shape, and defines a first main end 4 and a second main end 5, opposed to the first one, which can be seen in detail in figures 5 to 8.
  • the strip 3 passes between a pair of rollers in an equipment called calender, representatively illustrated by two parallel, spaced apart spheres.
  • an axial force (represented by arrow F in the figures) is applied thereto, permanently deforming it.
  • the strip 3 assumes a curvilinear shape.
  • the strip 3 has completely passed through the calender, it has been formed into a ring, so that the first and the second main ends 4,5 of the strip are substantially adjacent to each other (see figure 8).
  • the length of the strip 3, the speed with which it passes through the calender and the force F exerted on said strip are determined so as to obtain the ring- shaped form with the main ends adjacent to each other.
  • the first and second main ends 4,5 of the strip are joined by welding, thus forming the housing 1 itself. Still preferably, the area of the weld is machined for surface homogenization.
  • the housing 1 undergoes stamping to form the folds and/or sizing, in which steps no loss of material occurs that is not negligible (see figure 10).
  • the finished housing is illustrated in figure 11.
  • the housing 1 is preferably made of carbon steel, it is evident that it can be made of any other required or desirable material.
  • a second embodiment of the clutch plateau of the present invention exhibits the housing 1 composed not only of a single calendered strip 3, but of two or more strip segments which are formed (assuming the shape of parts of rings) and welded so as to form the housing 1 , which therefore has as many welds as the number of strip segments 3 forming it.
  • the housing 1 is composed of two or more linearly elongated, annularly formed strips 3, each of which constitutes a strip segment, in which the annular strip segments are adjacently joined to each other so as to form the housing 1.
  • Each segment of the linearly elongated strip 3 comprises a first main end and a second main end, opposed to the first one, joined together, after the calendering process, by welding. After all the welding has been carried out, this housing 1 also undergoes stamping to form the folds and/or sizing, in which steps no loss of material occurs that is not negligible (see figure 20).
  • An example of a housing formed by four strip 3 segments is illustrated in figure 21 , but it is evident that this number may be higher or lower, if required or desirable. In case several strip segments formed to produce the housing 1 are used, it is important to note that these segments may be formed by calendering or by stamping (where they will be formed without producing a large amount of scrap, since there is no need to form an opening).
  • Another inventive and novel invention is the process for manufacturing a clutch plateau, specifically the manufacturing of the clutch plateau housing 1 , which comprises the following steps:
  • the process comprises a step
  • the process further comprises a step (v) of machining the clutch plateau in the area of the weld(s) 6.
  • step (i) corresponds to obtaining a single linearly elongated strip 3.
  • step (ii) corresponds to annularly forming the single strip 3 by calendering until the first and the second ends 4,5 are adjacent, and may correspond to a single procedure or to several successive calendering sub-steps, each gradually and successively forming the strip 3, until the ring shape is reached.
  • step (ii) is shown in figures 6 and 7 as a single step.
  • step (i) corresponds to obtaining two or more linearly elongated, annularly formed strips 3, each constituting a strip segment
  • step (ii) corresponds to annularly forming said two or more strip segments by calendering (figures 12 to 14) or by stamping (figures 15 to 17).
  • a further inventive and novel invention included in the scope of protection of the attached claims, is a vehicle clutch system, particularly, but not necessarily, a clutch system of the dry monodisc type, characterized by comprising, among other components (such as a disc, an engagement fork, an actuating system, etc.), at least one clutch plateau 1 as defined above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention concerne un système d'embrayage de véhicule constitué d'un plateau d'embrayage dont le boîtier (1), qui a une forme sensiblement annulaire, définit au moins une ouverture de préférence concentrique et circulaire (2), ledit boîtier étant composé d'au moins une bande allongée linéairement (3) et formée de manière annulaire en un ou plusieurs segments.
PCT/BR2008/000169 2007-06-14 2008-06-16 Plateau d'embrayage, boîtier du plateau d'embrayage, procédé de fabrication d'un plateau d'embrayage, système d'embrayage et véhicule Ceased WO2008151401A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0702601 BRPI0702601A2 (pt) 2007-06-14 2007-06-14 platâ, carcaÇa de platâ, processo de fabricaÇço de platâ, sistema de embreagem e veÍculo
BRPI0702601-3 2007-06-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008151401A1 true WO2008151401A1 (fr) 2008-12-18

Family

ID=39718980

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/BR2008/000169 Ceased WO2008151401A1 (fr) 2007-06-14 2008-06-16 Plateau d'embrayage, boîtier du plateau d'embrayage, procédé de fabrication d'un plateau d'embrayage, système d'embrayage et véhicule

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AR (1) AR067031A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0702601A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008151401A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3070455A1 (fr) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-01 Valeo Embrayages Flanc de couvercle pour mecanisme d'embrayage, couvercle obtenu a partir dudit flanc et procede de fabrication de ce couvercle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1482768A (en) * 1975-12-18 1977-08-17 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Friction clutches
GB2148415A (en) * 1983-10-15 1985-05-30 Automotive Products Plc Friction clutch cover assemblies
US4578977A (en) * 1983-11-08 1986-04-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Apparatus for performing roll bending on shape metal
DE3704989A1 (de) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-25 Otto Bihler Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von teilkreisfoermigen bogenelementen
US20060016075A1 (en) * 2004-07-26 2006-01-26 Nsk-Warner K.K. Method of manufacturing a member having toothed portion

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1482768A (en) * 1975-12-18 1977-08-17 Automotive Prod Co Ltd Friction clutches
GB2148415A (en) * 1983-10-15 1985-05-30 Automotive Products Plc Friction clutch cover assemblies
US4578977A (en) * 1983-11-08 1986-04-01 Hitachi, Ltd. Apparatus for performing roll bending on shape metal
DE3704989A1 (de) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-25 Otto Bihler Verfahren und einrichtung zur herstellung von teilkreisfoermigen bogenelementen
US20060016075A1 (en) * 2004-07-26 2006-01-26 Nsk-Warner K.K. Method of manufacturing a member having toothed portion

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3070455A1 (fr) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-01 Valeo Embrayages Flanc de couvercle pour mecanisme d'embrayage, couvercle obtenu a partir dudit flanc et procede de fabrication de ce couvercle
WO2019042657A1 (fr) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 Valeo Embrayages Flanc de couvercle pour mécanisme d'embrayage, couvercle obtenu a partir dudit flanc et procédé de fabrication de ce couvercle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0702601A2 (pt) 2009-01-27
AR067031A1 (es) 2009-09-30

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