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WO2008032348A1 - Procédé de réalisation d'une douille pour pôle ou borne de batterie électrique, appareil de mise en œuvre dudit procédé et douille pour pôle - Google Patents

Procédé de réalisation d'une douille pour pôle ou borne de batterie électrique, appareil de mise en œuvre dudit procédé et douille pour pôle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008032348A1
WO2008032348A1 PCT/IT2007/000633 IT2007000633W WO2008032348A1 WO 2008032348 A1 WO2008032348 A1 WO 2008032348A1 IT 2007000633 W IT2007000633 W IT 2007000633W WO 2008032348 A1 WO2008032348 A1 WO 2008032348A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
matrix
bush
metallic
pole
crop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IT2007/000633
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Claudia Scotti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Water Gremlin Aquila Co SpA
Original Assignee
Aquila Piombo SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aquila Piombo SRL filed Critical Aquila Piombo SRL
Publication of WO2008032348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008032348A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K21/00—Making hollow articles not covered by a single preceding sub-group
    • B21K21/08—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs
    • B21K21/10—Shaping hollow articles with different cross-section in longitudinal direction, e.g. nozzles, spark-plugs cone-shaped or bell-shaped articles, e.g. insulator caps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/543—Terminals
    • H01M50/552—Terminals characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/561—Hollow metallic terminals, e.g. terminal bushings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a process for realising a bush for electric battery pole or terminal, and to an apparatus for actuating the process and further to a bush for a pole.
  • the present invention refers to a process and to an apparatus as defined hereinabove particularly suited for realising a semifinished product, subsequently finished, by means of a compression molding process.
  • the bushes for electric battery poles are obtained by means of a process so called of drop casting through which the obtained bush for pole initially has a form and a structure suitable for satisfying the requirements demanded to this component of the battery, but it easily undergoes to phenomena of acid sweating from the battery as a consequence of the presence of harmful blowholes in the structure of the bush itself allowing for the aforementioned acid sweating.
  • bushes for electric battery poles are obtained by means of a process of pressure die-casting, which consists essentially of causing the fusion of the material intended for the realisation of the bush under the pression of a mould moved by a press.
  • Both the known systems apart from having the abovedescribed drawbacks, have dimensional inaccuracies that negatively affect the working tolerances.
  • the fusion of the employed metal necessarily involves accurate controls of the actuating temperature of the apparatus in order not to damage the molecular structure of the metal that has to be integral for a good working of the battery, particularly as far as the leading of the current is concerned, which takes particularly high values at the starting of the motor.
  • the actuating conditions for the realisation of the bush for pole have to be controlled accurately with particular reference to the final step of cooling, which necessarily has to be conducted gradually in order not to damage, even in this case, the structure of the obtained bush, for example in order not to cause work hardenings of the metal that would weaken the structure of the pole making it less suitable to stand to stress or to be crossed by high currents.
  • the bush for pole or terminal for electric battery obtained by means of the abovementioned process and apparatus, which will be free from all those abovementioned drawbacks of the bushes for known poles or terminals providing, in such a way, an assurance of good functioning of the battery and a long lasting of the same.
  • the present invention constitutes a relevant improvement in comparison with the prior art, first of all since it eliminates the drawback of the insufficient compactedness of the structure of the material forming the bush itself, allows for the automatic supply of the presses that moulds the covers, improves the aesthetic appearance of the pole itself, that turns out to be of a quality extremely better than the known processes and apparatuses.
  • the term "cold" will be used in order to designate a process carried out without any heating or fusion of the used metal.
  • Another aim of the present invention is that of providing for an apparatus as abovedefined, which results extremely simple in its configuration even if it allows to carry out the steps of the abovementioned process, in particular the realising of the "semifinished product" by means of compression without any particular difficulty.
  • Not last aim of the present invention is that of providing for a bush for an electric battery pole or terminal which presents constant features of reliability such that a product of an upper quality compared with those presently on trade can be obtained.
  • figure 1 shows schematically a longitudinal section view of the apparatus according to the invention preset for actuating the mould of the abovecited semifinished product
  • figure Ibis shows schematically a detailed section of the apparatus of figure 1
  • figure 1ter shows in a schematic view a longitudinal view of a molded bush of the apparatus of the invention
  • figure 2 shows a schematic view analogous to that of figure 1 showing exactly the molding step
  • figure 3 shows schematically a view analogous to that of figure
  • figure 4 shows a schematic view in longitudinal section of figure 1 showing the pilot pins
  • figure 5 shows a schematic view in cross section of figure 1 according to the plane A-A and in particular of the pilot pins and of the adjustment screws
  • figure 6 shows a view of electric battery pole or terminal according to the present invention
  • figure 7 is a schematic view in cross section of figure 1 according to the plane B-B showing the push posts and other support cylinders.
  • the apparatus according to the invention in order to realise the aforesaid semifinished product, comprises a pumping station, referred to as a whole with 10, which is constituted essentially by a first molding matrix, referred to as a whole with 20, which is supported by not shown known means allowing for the vertical movement downwards for molding and upwards for the extraction of the obtained semifinished product.
  • the pumping station 10 comprises a second matrix 30 positioned below the first matrix 20, which is also movable and will be described hereinbelow, part of which, in its turn movable with respect to the matrix 30 itself, allows for the extraction of the semifinished product from the pumping station 10.
  • the pumping station 10 is constituted by a third molding matrix 40, which is fixed, and bond in a known manner to a lower plate 50 of the press.
  • the first matrix 20 is essentially constituted by an intermediate crosspiece 22 held by the ram or first crosspiece 21 to which it is bond in a known manner through support means not shown in the figure; said ram or first crosspiece 21 allowing for the downward movement of the intermediate crosspiece 22, during the first step of the process, and the upward movement of the same during the second step of the process.
  • a bucking block 24 is fixed having a substantially cylindrical shape, on the external surface of which the crosspiece 22' is connected having a substantially parallelepipedal shape.
  • the crosspiece 22' is provided with adjustment screws 23' allowing for the axial adjustment of the bucking block 24; such adjustment is made manually.
  • the adjustment screws are preferably four and are arranged at 90°, but also three screws arranged for example at 120° could also reach the aim.
  • the crosspiece 22' is further provided with holes for matching with the centering columns 16, see figure 4, that allows, by means of conventional bushes 16', for the exact relative vertical shift between matrixes 20, 30 and 40.
  • the bucking block 24 presents a cylindrical cavity in the centre characterised by a constant bigger radius in its upper part 24' and by constant smaller radius in its lower part 24".
  • a little block 25 is positioned fixed to the crosspiece 22 by means of the fixing screws 26.
  • the little block 25 presents a substantially cylindrical cavity 27 inside which the puller punch 12 can move, its body crossing correspondent passages in the intermediate crosspiece 22 and in the ram 21.
  • the little block 29 centrally presents a cylindrical cavity 29' in the lower part of which a pad 28 is located, on the upper surface thereof laying the lower part of the puller punch 12.
  • the little blocks 30, 31 , 32 and 33 are bond with the little bjock
  • the little block 31 and the cap 32 present a longitudinal cavity inside which an extractor 30' moves in a longitudinal direction.
  • the little block 33 presents a frustochonical shape and is characterised ;by a substantially longitudinal cavity 32' suitably shaped both for receiving the lower part of the push element 30'and for realising the form of the portion of the bush for pole of the battery coming out from the cover of the latter.
  • the longitudinal cavity 32' of the little block 33 passes from one end of the cavity itself to the other and in particular, from the upper end, the lower end of the push element 30' is inserted in it.
  • the form of the cavity 32' is substantially cylindrical with a downward increasing radius in the upper part, ending in a substantially cylindrical portion having a small thickness at the lower end.
  • the second matrix 30 is essentially constituted by a substantially cylindrical crosspiece 34 on the external surface of which the crosspiece 22" is connected having a tendentially parallelepipedal shape.
  • the crosspiece 22" is provided with holes for matching with the centering columns 16 allowing for the exact relative vertical shift between the matrixes 20, 30 and 40.
  • the crosspiece 22" is further provided with screws 14 for the connection with the crosspiece 34.
  • the crosspiece 34 presents internally a frustochonical shaped cavity 35 the smaller base of which is positioned in the lower part while the bigger base is exposed towards the first matrix 20, inside which the operative members of the matrix itself are arranged.
  • the aforementioned operative members are constituted by slidable guiding means 36, center squares 37 and by the block 38; all the aforesaid elements being fixed to each other by the screws 39.
  • the slidable guiding means 36 strike on the internal wall of the cavity 35 of the crosspiece 34.
  • the block 38 is constituted by a substantially frustochonical body with a cross section corresponding) to the cavity 35 of the crosspiece 34, which is made of two portions 38' and 38", each portion corresponding to half the aforesaid substantially frustochonical body. ; '
  • the slidable guiding means 36 are fixed, their layout being assisted by the center squares 37 arranged between the slidable guiding means 36 and the two portions 38' and 38" of the block 38.
  • the abovesaid layout allows for the upward movement of each of the two portions 38' and 38" moving away from each other or downward moving closer to each ofher. Thanks to the slidable guiding means 36 ⁇ e upward and downward sliding occurs without any possibility of axial rotation of the little blocks 38' and 38".
  • the block 38 presents inside a shaped cavity 17 having a substantially parallelepipedal shape in the upper part and cylindrical shape in the lower part, as shown in figure 1 bis.
  • a matrix with separate inserts 18 is located, being realised tendentially of two halfs, and having inside a shaped cavity 17' the form of which corresponds at the bottom to that of an operative punch 11 while the upper part imitates the exterior form of the bush for pole or terminal of the battery.
  • the lower part of the cavity 17' has a form that, going downward from the top, is substantially cylindrical, frustochonical.
  • the lower part of the cavity 17 has a cylindrical form corresponding to the form of the corresponding portion of the operative punch.
  • the internal walls of the upper part of the cavity 17' have recesses 13 substantially parallel to one another and defining substantially circular notches having a semicircular cross section by means of which the lower part of the pole or battery terminal according to the invention will be realised, which will correspondingly have peripherical protruding ribs with a substantially semicircular cross section, and parallel to each other.
  • separated inserts can be arranged having an interchangeable labyrinth depending on the desired shape of the pole according to the present invention.
  • the matrix with separated inserts 18 is made integral with the block 38 by means of screws 19.
  • the third molding matrix 40 is constituted by a first substantially cylindrical crosspiece 41 , operating like a guiding member for the punch 11 and is fixed, in a known manner, on the upper front of a further crosspiece 43 with substantially cylindrical form.
  • the crosspiece 41 and the further crosspiece 43 are provided with holes for the passage of the push posts 42 and of further holes for the passage of the support cylinders 46.
  • the crosspiece 41 , the further crosspiece 43 and a crosspiece 22"', having a substantially parallelepipedal form, are made integral with each other for example by means of screws 41'.
  • the system constituted by the elements 41 , 43 and 22"' is made integral with the lower plate 50 of the press by means of known kinds of bond not shown in figure.
  • the push posts 42 have a preset height and at the lower end lean against a cap 55 moving vertically and operated by a conventional piston 44, while at the upper end cross the crosspieces 43 and 41 and are suitable to match respectively with the lower surface of the little blocks 38' and 38".
  • the piston 44 is in turn fixed by means of known means to a blank holder plate 45 of a shock absorption system defined by a conventional pneumatic cushion not shown in figure.
  • the support cylinders 46 are arranged on supports 47, tendentially having a cylindrical form, which lay on a blank holder plate 45.
  • a metallic crop-end 58 is initially inserted at the end 17' of the matrix 18 while the first matrix 20 is lifted with respect to the second matrix 30 and the third matrix 40.
  • the metallic crop-end 58 is subjected to a compression along a substantially axial direction during which a part of it is shaped in a way corresponding to that that will be the external portion of the bush for pole or terminal of the battery while the other end, in particular that resulting now to be the lower end, is subjected at the same time to a compression action and a radial extension action, since the compression action is combined with that causing the dilatation of the little metallic block outward for forming the abovesaid ribs.
  • the first matrix 20 that, moved downward by the ram 21 , pushes downward the second matrix 30 the elements of which are arranged as in figure 1 collaborate at the same time.
  • the going down of the matrix 20 determines the going down of the second matrix 30 that, in its turn, moves downward the support cylinders 46 pushing downward the blank holder plate 45 consequently moving downward the piston 44 and the cap 55 integral thereto, determining the downward movement of the little column 42 laying on the cap 55.
  • the metallic crop-end 58 is penetrated at the bottom by the punch itself and undergoes, in consequence of the relative movements of the different parts, the abovementioned compression and expansion step.
  • FIG 2 is shown the position of the matrixes 20, 30 and 40 after the working step of the metallic crop-end 58.
  • Figure 3 shows the step of extraction of the molded bush from the pumping station 10.
  • the matrixes 20 and 30 are moved away from one another; the matrix 20 is lifted from the ram 21 and the matrix 30 from the support cylinders 46 by means of the cylindrical support 47 pushed upward by the blank holder plate 45 of the pneumatic cushion.
  • the operative members of the matrix 30, constituted by the slidable guiding means 36, the center squares 37, the block 38 and the separated inserts of the matrix 18, are further pushed upward, as shown in figure 3, by the push posts 42 as a consequence of the syncronised upward movement of the piston 44 and, consequently, of the cap 55 integral thereto thus causing the opening of the inserts of the matrix 18 and allowing the molded bush 59 to be extracted.
  • the sliding guiding elements 36 lead the entire block of the operative members upward, in the section of the cavity 35 having a growing radius causing an increase of the radius of the cavity 17' of the matrix 18. The thus caused increasing of the radius allows to free the molded bush 59 remaining connected to the cavity 32'.
  • the molded bush 59 is then pushed downward by the puller punch 12 and is then moved away from the pumping station by means of a compressed air blow coming from a side of the roomcomprised between the matrixes 20 and 30 (system not shown in the figure).
  • the quality of the obtained product turns out to be high both thanks to the centering system allowing for a constant regulation of the position of the first matrix with reference to the second and thanks to the centering columns allowing for a correct relative vertical shift between the matrixes 20, 30 and 40.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de réalisation d'une douille pour pôle ou borne de batterie électrique et un appareil pour mettre en œuvre le procédé et la douille pôle de batterie électrique ainsi obtenue. Le procédé comporte une première étape d'actionnement de moulage à froid de l'extrémité métallique taillée (58) d'un petit bloc métallique de forme sensiblement cylindrique, pressée entre une première matrice mobile (20), une seconde matrice mobile (30) et une troisième matrice mobile (40) dotée d'un poinçon (11). Ladite extrémité métallique taillée (58) est disposée sur le côté supérieur avant du poinçon (11), maintenue dans une position verticale à l'intérieur d'une cavité (17') de la seconde matrice mobile (30), la première matrice mobile (20) étant apte à appliquer une certaine force de compression sur l'extrémité métallique taillée (58). Dans une seconde étape, le poinçon (11) pénètre l'extrémité métallique taillée (58), dans laquelle il crée une cavité interne, ce qui génère une expansion de façon à former des nervures en saillie périphérique sur l'extrémité inférieure externe de l'extrémité métallique taillée, formant ainsi une douille moulée (59). Une dernière étape permet de libérer la douille moulée (59) de la seconde matrice (30) et de l'extraire de la première matrice (20) ; les extrémités de la douille sont enfin soumises à une étape fonctionnelle de cisaillement et/ou de fraisage afin d'obtenir une douille pour pôle de borne de batterie (60).
PCT/IT2007/000633 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Procédé de réalisation d'une douille pour pôle ou borne de batterie électrique, appareil de mise en œuvre dudit procédé et douille pour pôle Ceased WO2008032348A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2006A001748 2006-09-13
IT001748A ITMI20061748A1 (it) 2006-09-13 2006-09-13 Procedimento per la realizzazione di una bussola per polo o terminale di batteria elettrica,un'apparecchiatura per attuare il procedimento nonche' bussola per polo.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008032348A1 true WO2008032348A1 (fr) 2008-03-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IT2007/000633 Ceased WO2008032348A1 (fr) 2006-09-13 2007-09-13 Procédé de réalisation d'une douille pour pôle ou borne de batterie électrique, appareil de mise en œuvre dudit procédé et douille pour pôle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
IT (1) ITMI20061748A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008032348A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8202328B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2012-06-19 Water Gremlin Company Battery part
US8497036B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2013-07-30 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US8512891B2 (en) 2002-03-29 2013-08-20 Water Gremlin Company Multiple casting apparatus and method
US8701743B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2014-04-22 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts and associated systems and methods
WO2014088390A3 (fr) * 2012-12-06 2014-09-04 KURT-MAYRL-Y-SANCHEZ-JUAREZ, Jose-Antonio Appareil et procédé de fabrication de bornes de batteries
US9748551B2 (en) 2011-06-29 2017-08-29 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US9954214B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-04-24 Water Gremlin Company Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts
US11038156B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2021-06-15 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0261311A1 (fr) * 1986-09-23 1988-03-30 Aquila Piombo S.R.L. Procédé pour la fabrication de pôles ou de bornes terminales pour batteries électriques, dispositif à cet effet et pôles ou bornes terminales pour batteries obtenus par ce procédé
US4945749A (en) * 1989-10-30 1990-08-07 General Motors Corporation Cold forming dies and cold forming process
US5425170A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-06-20 Tulip Corporation Side wall electrical battery terminal
US5606887A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-03-04 Tulip Corporation Apparatus and method for cold forming an L-shaped lead alloy battery terminal

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0261311A1 (fr) * 1986-09-23 1988-03-30 Aquila Piombo S.R.L. Procédé pour la fabrication de pôles ou de bornes terminales pour batteries électriques, dispositif à cet effet et pôles ou bornes terminales pour batteries obtenus par ce procédé
US4945749A (en) * 1989-10-30 1990-08-07 General Motors Corporation Cold forming dies and cold forming process
US5425170A (en) * 1993-06-17 1995-06-20 Tulip Corporation Side wall electrical battery terminal
US5606887A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-03-04 Tulip Corporation Apparatus and method for cold forming an L-shaped lead alloy battery terminal

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9034508B2 (en) 2002-03-29 2015-05-19 Water Gremlin Company Multiple casting apparatus and method
US8512891B2 (en) 2002-03-29 2013-08-20 Water Gremlin Company Multiple casting apparatus and method
US8202328B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2012-06-19 Water Gremlin Company Battery part
US8701743B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2014-04-22 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts and associated systems and methods
US10283754B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2019-05-07 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts and associated systems and methods
US9190654B2 (en) 2004-01-02 2015-11-17 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts and associated systems and methods
US10910625B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2021-02-02 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US8497036B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2013-07-30 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US9917293B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2018-03-13 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US9935306B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2018-04-03 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US11942664B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2024-03-26 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US8802282B2 (en) 2009-04-30 2014-08-12 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US9748551B2 (en) 2011-06-29 2017-08-29 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
US10181595B2 (en) 2011-06-29 2019-01-15 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having retaining and sealing features and associated methods of manufacture and use
WO2014088390A3 (fr) * 2012-12-06 2014-09-04 KURT-MAYRL-Y-SANCHEZ-JUAREZ, Jose-Antonio Appareil et procédé de fabrication de bornes de batteries
US10217987B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2019-02-26 Water Gremlin Company Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts
US9954214B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2018-04-24 Water Gremlin Company Systems and methods for manufacturing battery parts
US11038156B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2021-06-15 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods
US11283141B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2022-03-22 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods
US11804640B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2023-10-31 Water Gremlin Company Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods
US12308479B2 (en) 2018-12-07 2025-05-20 Otter Lake Technologies, Llc Battery parts having solventless acid barriers and associated systems and methods

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