WO2008031640A1 - Energy storage system for a motor vehicle, and method for controlling an energy storage system - Google Patents
Energy storage system for a motor vehicle, and method for controlling an energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008031640A1 WO2008031640A1 PCT/EP2007/055318 EP2007055318W WO2008031640A1 WO 2008031640 A1 WO2008031640 A1 WO 2008031640A1 EP 2007055318 W EP2007055318 W EP 2007055318W WO 2008031640 A1 WO2008031640 A1 WO 2008031640A1
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- Prior art keywords
- energy storage
- storage device
- state
- motor vehicle
- energy
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to an energy storage system for a motor vehicle and a method for controlling such an energy storage system.
- the energy supply of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines has hitherto been realized at least with a lead-acid battery as part of the energy storage system.
- Such Energyspei ⁇ storage systems with at least one lead-acid battery are 0876554 Bl and EP 360 090 Bl known from 1 publications EP.
- a lead-acid battery has disadvantages in terms of fuel consumption due to its size and weight.
- the lead battery is disadvantageous because it has egg ⁇ ne low energy density with respect to its weight and its volume or.
- An object of the present invention is therefore to increase the reliability of an energy storage ⁇ system for a motor vehicle.
- Another object is to provide a more reliable and environmentally friendly ⁇ energy storage system for a motor vehicle.
- At least one of the objects is achieved by an energy storage system with the features of patent ⁇ claim 1 and / or by a method for controlling an energy storage system with the features of claim 8.
- an energy storage system for a motor vehicle which comprises: a) a first lead-free energy storage device which has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably of at least 40 Wh / kg, more preferably of at least 100
- a second lead-free energy storage device which provides a predetermined power in particular of at least 1000 W a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a predetermined number of start cycles and is configured such that it maintains its radio ⁇ tion capability over its lifetime substantially beibe ⁇ ; and c) a control device which is in an off state of
- the first energy storage device or a further power supply device controls such that it loads the second energy storage device, so that the second energy storage device has at least a predetermined state of charge, and in an on state of the internal combustion engine, the state of charge of the first energy ⁇ storage device and / or the state of charge second energy storage device monitors and depending on a Loading the first energy storage device and / or the second energy storage device controls.
- a method for controlling an energy storage system for a motor vehicle comprising the following steps: a) Provision of a first lead-free energy storage device which has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably 40 Wh / kg, particularly preferably 100 Wh / kg, for an energy supply of a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle on ⁇ points; b) providing a second lead-free energy storage device, which provides a predetermined power of at least 1000 W a starter motor for starting a combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a predetermined number of start cycles and is designed such that it retains its functionality over its lifetime substantially ⁇ ; and c) controlling the first energy storage device or another energy supply device in an off state of the internal combustion engine such that the second energy ⁇ storage device has at least a predetermined state of charge, and monitoring the state of charge of the first energy ⁇ storage device and / or the state of charge of the second energy storage device in an on state of the internal combustion engine and depending on the monitoring controlling a charging of the first energy storage device
- the lead-free first Energyspei ⁇ cher is designed in terms of their energy density such that it is capable of supplying the electrical system of the motor vehicle for at least as long or a longer period as a lead battery used conventionally with energy.
- the second lead-free energy storage device used to provide high performance, especially for the engine start.
- the energy distribution between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device is controlled by the control device.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that the energy storage system according to the invention with the first lead-free energy storage device and the second lead-free energy storage device completely dispenses with lead and thus significantly more environmentally friendly than energy storage systems with at least one lead-acid battery.
- the predetermined state of charge of the second energy storage device is suitable for starting the internal combustion engine.
- the second energy storage device is is purchased from a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a container containing a high high current resistance of example ⁇ example 750A and can work in a wide temperature range from -2O 0 C to + 6O 0 C.
- the second energy storage device is designed as a double-layer capacitor unit with a capacitance of 300 F, which is designed in particular as a series circuit of six double ⁇ layer capacitors with a capacity of 1800 F each.
- the first energy storage device is designed as a parallel connection of three NiMH battery units, wherein a NiMH battery unit is a series circuit of eleven NiMH batteries, each having a voltage of 1.2 V and a capacity of 15 Ah, in particular, the NiMH battery has a weight of 250 g and a dimension of 88.8 mm * 32.5 mm.
- the first energy storage device is a series circuit of three Lithium-ion batteries is formed, each providing a voltage of 4.2 V and have a capacity of 45 AH, a lithium-ion battery in particular a Ge ⁇ weight of 1007 g and a dimension of 222 mm * 54, 3 mm.
- the further energy supply device is designed as a thermogenerator, in particular as a Peltier element, or as a fuel cell, in particular as a direct methanol fuel cell.
- the second energy supply device has a power density of at least 2000 W / kg.
- Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of erfindungsge ⁇ bau built energy storage system
- Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the erfindungsge ⁇ bau built energy storage system.
- Figure 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the inventions ⁇ inventive method.
- FIGS 1 and 2 each show a schematic block ⁇ circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention Energy storage system 1 for a motor vehicle.
- the dung OF INVENTION ⁇ proper energy storage system 1 comprises a first lead- ⁇ free energy storage means 2, a second lead-free energy storage means 4, and a controller. 6
- the second lead-free energy storage device 4 is configured such that it provides a predetermined power of at least 1000 W ⁇ a starter motor 5 for starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a predetermined number of starting cycles. Further, the second lead- ⁇ free energy storage device 4 configured such that it retains its functionality over its lifetime in the Wesent ⁇ union. This means that the second unleaded energy storage device 4, unlike a lead-acid battery, undergoes substantially no hysteresis of aging and thus can maintain its operability over its lifetime.
- the first lead-free energy storage device 2 has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably of at least 40 Wh / kg, particularly preferably of at least 100 Wh / kg, for an energy supply of a vehicle electrical system 3 of the motor vehicle.
- the first energy storage device 2 is beispielswei ⁇ se designed as a parallel connection of three NiMH battery units, wherein a NiMH battery unit is a series ⁇ circuit of eleven NiMH batteries.
- a NiMH battery provides a voltage of 1.2 V and has a capacity of 15 Ah.
- the NiMH battery also has the special ⁇ a weight of 250 grams and a dimension as a round cell of 88.8 mm * 32.5 mm.
- Another example of the energy storage device 2 is a series circuit of three lithium-ion batteries, each providing a voltage of 4.2 V and having a capacity of 45 Ah, with a lithium-ion battery as a round cell in particular a weight of 1007 g and has a dimension of 222 mm * 54.3 mm.
- the predetermined state of charge of the second energy storage device 4 is particularly suitable for starting the Verbrennungsmo ⁇ sector.
- the second energy supply device 4 preferably has a power density of at least 1000 W / kg.
- the second energy storage device 4 is designed as a double-layer capacitor unit with a capacitance of 300 F, which is designed in particular as a series circuit of six double-layer capacitors with a capacity of 1800 F each.
- the control device 6 controls the first energy storage device 2 by means of the control signal S such that the first Ener ⁇ gie appointment Marie 2 charges the second power storage device 4, so that the second power storage device 4 comprises at least the predetermined state of charge.
- the control device 6 monitors the charge state of the first Energyspei ⁇ cher worn 2 by means of a state of charge signal LZl and / or the state of charge of the second energy storage device 4 by means of a charge state signal LZ2 and controls ⁇ dependent of the first state of charge signal LZL and / or in an on state of the internal combustion engine the second charge state signal LZ2 loading the first energy ⁇ storage device 2 and / or the second energy storage device.
- control device 6 can also control a generator 8 or alternator such that the generator 8 controls the first lead-free energy storage device 2 and / or the electrical system 3 by means of the line L8 and / or the second lead-free energy storage device 4 by means of the line L9.
- the second lead-free energy storage device 4 provides the starter motor 5 with the necessary energy by means of the line L3.
- the control device can also control the second lead-free Energyspei ⁇ cher worn 4 by means of the second control signal S2 in such a way 6 that the second lead-free energy storage device 4 loads the first lead-free energy storage device 2 by the line L2.
- the control device 6 in response to the state of charge signals LZL and LZ2, the first lead-free energy storage device 2 also control such that it supplies the starter motor 5 by means of the line L4 with e- nergy.
- the second Energyversor ⁇ restriction device 4 is by the control device 6 is also controlled such that it supplies the electrical system of the motor vehicle 3 with ⁇ means of the line L5 with energy.
- the ERS te energy storage means 2 is controllable by the control device 6 in that it provides in the off state, the on-board network 3 with ⁇ means of the line L6 with energy.
- the second embodiment of the power storage system 1 according to Figure 2 differs from the first execution ⁇ example according to Figure 1 in that the second energy ⁇ storage device 4 is loaded in the on-state of the Verbrennungsmo ⁇ tors from the first energy storage device 2 and not the generator 8 , This power supply can be carried out by means of the line LIl.
- the energy stored in the first energy storage device 2 exceeds a predetermined state of charge, it can be dissipated to the vehicle electrical system 3 by means of the line L10 even when it is switched on.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for controlling an energy storage system 1 for a motor vehicle.
- the method according to the invention will be explained below with reference to the block diagram in FIG.
- the erfindungsge ⁇ Permitted method has the following method steps a to c: Process step a:
- a first lead-free energy storage device 2 be ⁇ provided, which has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably of at least 40 Wh / kg, more preferably of at least 100 Wh / kg, for a power supply of a vehicle electrical system 3 of a motor vehicle.
- a second lead-free energy storage means 4 which is a predetermined power insbesonde ⁇ re of at least 1000 W / kg a starter motor 5 provides for starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle for asammlung ⁇ infinite number of starting cycles and so from ⁇ designed to its Maintains functionality over their life essentially.
- the first energy storage device 2 or another E- nergiemakerss favorable is controlled in an off state of the engine in such a way so that the second Ener ⁇ gie appointment issued 4 has at least a predetermined state of charge.
- the charge state of the first energy storage device 2 and / or the state of charge of the second energy storage device 4 is monitored and depending on the monitoring, charging of the first energy storage device 2 and / or the second energy storage device 4 is controlled.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Energiespeichersystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Steuern eines EnergiespeichersystemsEnergy storage system for a motor vehicle and method for controlling an energy storage system
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Energiespeichersystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug und ein Verfahren zum Steuern eines solchen E- nergiespeichersystems .The invention relates to an energy storage system for a motor vehicle and a method for controlling such an energy storage system.
Die Energieversorgung von Kraftfahrzeugen mit Verbrennungsmotoren wird bisher zumindest mit einer Bleibatterie als Teil des Energiespeichersystems realisiert. Solche Energiespei¬ chersysteme mit zumindest einer Bleibatterie sind aus den Druckschriften EP 0 876 554 Bl und EP 1 360 090 Bl bekannt. Energiespeichersysteme mit einer Bleibatterie verursachen ei¬ ne Vielzahl von Problemen und Nachteilen, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit, ihrer Umweltverträglichkeit, ihrem Gewicht oder auch ihrer Größe. Im Folgenden sollen diese Probleme und Nachteile der bekannten Energiespeichersyste- me mit zumindest einer Bleibatterie dargestellt werden.The energy supply of motor vehicles with internal combustion engines has hitherto been realized at least with a lead-acid battery as part of the energy storage system. Such Energiespei ¬ storage systems with at least one lead-acid battery are 0876554 Bl and EP 360 090 Bl known from 1 publications EP. Energy storage systems with lead-acid lead ei ¬ ne variety of problems and disadvantages, especially in terms of their reliability, their environmental impact, their weight or their size. In the following, these problems and disadvantages of the known energy storage systems are to be represented with at least one lead-acid battery.
Um dem Kundenwunsch nach möglichst hoher Zuverlässigkeit nachzukommen, bemühen sich die Automobilhersteller um eine Erhöhung der Ausfallsicherheit aller Fahrzeugkomponenten. Ge- maß einer Statistik des Autoclub Europas aus dem Jahr 2005 ist ein Defekt an der Autobatterie mit 24,75 % die häufigste Ursache von PKW-Pannen in Deutschland. Die hohe Ausfallrate einer Blei-Säure-Batterie ist durch ihre physikalischen Eigenschaften begründet. Die Blei-Säure-Batterie, wie jedes E- nergiespeichersystem im Kraftfahrzeug, ist hohen elektrischen und thermischen Belastungen ausgesetzt, welche sich insbesondere bei der Blei-Säure-Batterie negativ auf ihre Kapazität und somit auf ihre Lebensdauer auswirken. Die durchschnittli¬ che Lebensdauer einer Autobatterie beträgt zum Anmeldetag der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung drei bis vier Jahre, während für das Kraftfahrzeug herkömmlicherweise eine zehnjährige Nutzung im Mittel veranschlagt wird. Besonders bei niedrigen Umge¬ bungstemperaturen und/oder nach einer langen Standzeit des Kraftfahrzeuges können ältere oder teil-entladene Batterien nicht mehr die zum Motorstart notwendige Energie liefern.In order to fulfill the customer's request for the highest possible reliability, the automobile manufacturers strive to increase the reliability of all vehicle components. According to statistics from the 2005 European Automobile Club, a defect in the car battery is the most common cause of car breakdowns in Germany at 24.75%. The high failure rate of a lead-acid battery is due to its physical properties. The lead-acid battery, like any energy storage system in the motor vehicle, is exposed to high electrical and thermal loads, which have a negative effect on its capacity and thus on its service life, especially in the case of the lead-acid battery. The durchschnittli ¬ che life of a car battery is three to four years at the filing of this patent application, while for the automobile traditionally a ten-year use is estimated on average. Conversely, especially at low ambient temperatures ¬ and / or after a long service life of the Motor vehicle older or partially discharged batteries can no longer deliver the energy required for starting the engine.
Hinsichtlich der Umweltverträglichkeit einer Blei-Batterie sei angeführt, dass das gesteigerte Umweltbewusstsein der Be¬ völkerung zu dem Kundenwunsch nach Verwendung von umweltfreundlicheren Materialien führt. Die Verwendung von umweltbelastenden Stoffen wie Blei wird außerdem durch den Gesetzgeber immer stärker restriktiert . So verbietet die RoHS- Richtlinie der Europäischen Union unter anderem die Verwendung von Blei in Elektro- und Elektronikgeräten ab dem 1. Juli 2006. Obwohl Geräte für den Einsatz im Automobil hiervon bislang ausgenommen sind, wird auch in diesem Bereich langfristig ein Verzicht auf bleihaltige Komponenten angestrebt. Dabei rückt in den Vordergrund, dass die Autobatterie der mit Abstand bleihaltigste Teil eines Kraftfahrzeuges ist.With regard to the environmental impact of a lead battery it is noted that the increased environmental awareness of Be ¬ population leads to customer demand for use of more environmentally friendly materials. The use of pollutants such as lead is also being increasingly restricted by law. Among other things, the European Union's RoHS Directive prohibits the use of lead in electrical and electronic equipment as of July 1, 2006. Although devices for automotive use have been exempted from this rule, there is a long-term absence of lead-containing components in this area as well sought. It comes to the fore that the car battery is by far the most lead-containing part of a motor vehicle.
Außerdem besitzt eine Bleibatterie infolge ihrer Größe und ihres Gewichtes Nachteile hinsichtlich des Kraftstoffverbrau- ches. Außerdem ist die Bleibatterie unvorteilhaft, da sie ei¬ ne geringe Energiedichte bezüglich ihres Gewichtes und ihres Volumens oder aufweist.In addition, a lead-acid battery has disadvantages in terms of fuel consumption due to its size and weight. In addition, the lead battery is disadvantageous because it has egg ¬ ne low energy density with respect to its weight and its volume or.
Eine der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe be- steht daher darin, die Zuverlässigkeit eines Energiespeicher¬ systems für ein Kraftfahrzeug zu erhöhen. Dabei soll eine er¬ höhte Zuverlässigkeit des Energiespeichersystems längere Standzeiten des Kraftfahrzeuges und/oder eine erhöhte Lebens¬ dauer des Energiespeichersystems und/oder eine ausreichende Energieversorgung einer Vielzahl von Verbrauchern des Kraftfahrzeuges im Aus-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors für eine längere Zeitdauer und/oder eine erhöhte Verkehrssicherheit beispielsweise durch einen energiesichereren und insbesondere längeren Einsatz der Warnblinkanlage des Kraftfahrzeuges beinhalten. Eine weitere Aufgabe ist es, ein zuverlässigeres und umwelt¬ freundlicheres Energiespeichersystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug zu schaffen .An object of the present invention is therefore to increase the reliability of an energy storage ¬ system for a motor vehicle. In this case, he ¬ increased reliability of the energy storage system longer life of the motor vehicle and / or increased life ¬ life of the energy storage system and / or sufficient power to a variety of consumers of the motor vehicle in the off state of the engine for a longer period of time and / or increased Road safety, for example, by a more energy-efficient and especially longer use of the hazard warning lights of the motor vehicle include. Another object is to provide a more reliable and environmentally friendly ¬ energy storage system for a motor vehicle.
Des Weiteren ist es eine Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein gewichtreduziertes und insbesondere kleineres, zuverläs¬ sigeres Energiespeichersystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug bereitzu¬ stellen .Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a bereitzu reduced weight and especially smaller, reliabil ¬ Sigeres energy storage system for a motor vehicle ¬.
Erfindungsgemäß wird zumindest eine der gestellten Aufgaben durch ein Energiespeichersystem mit den Merkmalen des Patent¬ anspruchs 1 und/oder durch ein Verfahren zum Steuern eines Energiespeichersystems mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 8 gelöst.According to the invention at least one of the objects is achieved by an energy storage system with the features of patent ¬ claim 1 and / or by a method for controlling an energy storage system with the features of claim 8.
Demnach wird ein Energiespeichersystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug vorgeschlagen, das aufweist: a) eine erste bleifreien Energiespeichereinrichtung, welche eine Energiedichte von zumindest 30 Wh/kg, bevorzugt von zu- mindest 40 Wh/kg, besonders bevorzugt von zumindest 100Accordingly, an energy storage system for a motor vehicle is proposed which comprises: a) a first lead-free energy storage device which has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably of at least 40 Wh / kg, more preferably of at least 100
Wh/kg, für eine Energieversorgung eines Bordnetzes des Kraft¬ fahrzeuges aufweist; b) eine zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung, welche eine vorbestimmte Leistung insbesondere von zumindest 1000 W einem Startermotor zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors des Kraftfahrzeuges für eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von Startzyklen bereitstellt und derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie ihre Funk¬ tionsfähigkeit über ihre Lebensdauer im Wesentlichen beibe¬ hält; und c) eine Steuervorrichtung, welche in einem Aus-Zustand desWh / kg, for an energy supply of a vehicle electrical system of the power ¬ vehicle has; b) a second lead-free energy storage device, which provides a predetermined power in particular of at least 1000 W a starter motor for starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a predetermined number of start cycles and is configured such that it maintains its radio ¬ tion capability over its lifetime substantially beibe ¬ ; and c) a control device which is in an off state of
Verbrennungsmotors die erste Energiespeichereinrichtung oder eine weitere Energieversorgungseinrichtung derart steuert, dass diese die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung lädt, so dass die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung zumindest einen vorbestimmten Ladezustand aufweist, und in einem Ein-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors den Ladezustand der ersten Energie¬ speichereinrichtung und/oder den Ladezustand der zweiten E- nergiespeichereinrichtung überwacht und abhängig davon ein Laden der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung und/oder der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung steuert.Internal combustion engine, the first energy storage device or a further power supply device controls such that it loads the second energy storage device, so that the second energy storage device has at least a predetermined state of charge, and in an on state of the internal combustion engine, the state of charge of the first energy ¬ storage device and / or the state of charge second energy storage device monitors and depending on a Loading the first energy storage device and / or the second energy storage device controls.
Des Weiteren wird ein Verfahren zum Steuern eines Energie- Speichersystems für ein Kraftfahrzeug vorgeschlagen, das die folgenden Schritte aufweist: a) Bereitstellen einer ersten bleifreien Energiespeichereinrichtung, welche eine Energiedichte von zumindest 30 Wh/kg, bevorzugt 40 Wh/kg, besonders bevorzugt 100 Wh/kg, für eine Energieversorgung eines Bordnetzes des Kraftfahrzeuges auf¬ weist; b) Bereitstellen einer zweiten bleifreien Energiespeichereinrichtung, welche eine vorbestimmte Leistung von zumindest 1000 W einem Startermotor zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmo- tors des Kraftfahrzeuges für eine vorbestimmte Anzahl von Startzyklen bereitstellt und derart ausgestaltet ist, dass sie ihre Funktionsfähigkeit über ihre Lebensdauer im Wesent¬ lichen beibehält; und c) Steuern der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung oder einer weiteren Energieversorgungseinrichtung in einem Aus-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors derart, so dass die zweite Energie¬ speichereinrichtung zumindest einen vorbestimmten Ladezustand aufweist, und Überwachen des Ladezustands der ersten Energie¬ speichereinrichtung und/oder des Ladezustandes der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung in einem Ein-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors und abhängig von dem Überwachen Steuern eines Ladens der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung und/oder der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung.Furthermore, a method is proposed for controlling an energy storage system for a motor vehicle, comprising the following steps: a) Provision of a first lead-free energy storage device which has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably 40 Wh / kg, particularly preferably 100 Wh / kg, for an energy supply of a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle on ¬ points; b) providing a second lead-free energy storage device, which provides a predetermined power of at least 1000 W a starter motor for starting a combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a predetermined number of start cycles and is designed such that it retains its functionality over its lifetime substantially ¬ ; and c) controlling the first energy storage device or another energy supply device in an off state of the internal combustion engine such that the second energy ¬ storage device has at least a predetermined state of charge, and monitoring the state of charge of the first energy ¬ storage device and / or the state of charge of the second energy storage device in an on state of the internal combustion engine and depending on the monitoring controlling a charging of the first energy storage device and / or the second energy storage device.
Vorteilhafterweise ist die bleifreie erste Energiespei¬ chereinrichtung hinsichtlich ihrer Energiedichte derart ausgestaltet, dass sie dazu geeignet ist, das Bordnetz des Kraftfahrzeuges für einen zumindest so langen oder einen längeren Zeitraum wie eine herkömmlich verwendete Bleibatterie mit Energie zu versorgen. Des Weiteren kann vorteilhafterwei¬ se die zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung zur Bereitstellung hoher Leistungen, insbesondere für den Motorstart verwendet werden. Die Energieverteilung zwischen der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung und der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung wird durch die Steuervorrichtung gesteuert. Ein weiterer Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht darin, dass das erfindungsgemäße Energiespeichersystem mit der ersten bleifreien Energiespeichereinrichtung und der zweiten bleifreien Energiespeichereinrichtung vollständig auf Blei verzichtet und somit deutlich umweltverträglicher als Energiespeichersysteme mit zumindest einer Bleibatterie ist.Advantageously, the lead-free first Energiespei ¬ chereinrichtung is designed in terms of their energy density such that it is capable of supplying the electrical system of the motor vehicle for at least as long or a longer period as a lead battery used conventionally with energy. Furthermore vorteilhafterwei ¬ se, the second lead-free energy storage device used to provide high performance, especially for the engine start. The energy distribution between the first energy storage device and the second energy storage device is controlled by the control device. Another advantage of the present invention is that the energy storage system according to the invention with the first lead-free energy storage device and the second lead-free energy storage device completely dispenses with lead and thus significantly more environmentally friendly than energy storage systems with at least one lead-acid battery.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen sowie aus der Beschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen.Advantageous developments and refinements of the invention will become apparent from the subclaims and from the description with reference to the drawings.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist der vorbestimmte Ladezustand der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors geeignet. Außerdem ist die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung derart ausgestal¬ tet, dass sie eine große Hochstromfestigkeit von beispiels¬ weise 750A besitzt und in einem großen Temperaturbereich von -2O0C bis +6O0C arbeiten kann.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the predetermined state of charge of the second energy storage device is suitable for starting the internal combustion engine. In addition, the second energy storage device is ausgestal ¬ tet, that it has a high high current resistance of example ¬ example 750A and can work in a wide temperature range from -2O 0 C to + 6O 0 C.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung als eine Doppelschichtkondensatoreinheit mit einer Kapazität von 300 F ausgebildet, welche insbesondere als eine Serienschaltung von sechs Doppel¬ schichtkondensatoren mit einer Kapazität von jeweils 1800 F ausgebildet ist.According to a further preferred embodiment, the second energy storage device is designed as a double-layer capacitor unit with a capacitance of 300 F, which is designed in particular as a series circuit of six double ¬ layer capacitors with a capacity of 1800 F each.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die erste Energiespeichereinrichtung als eine Parallelschaltung von drei NiMH-Batterieeinheiten ausgebildet, wobei eine NiMH- Batterieeinheit eine Serienschaltung von elf NiMH-Batterien ist, die jeweils eine Spannung von 1,2 V und eine Kapazität von 15 Ah haben, wobei die NiMH-Batterie insbesondere ein Ge- wicht von 250 g und eine Abmessung von 88,8 mm * 32,5 mm hat.According to a further preferred embodiment, the first energy storage device is designed as a parallel connection of three NiMH battery units, wherein a NiMH battery unit is a series circuit of eleven NiMH batteries, each having a voltage of 1.2 V and a capacity of 15 Ah, in particular, the NiMH battery has a weight of 250 g and a dimension of 88.8 mm * 32.5 mm.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die erste Energiespeichereinrichtung als eine Serienschaltung von drei Lithium-Ionen-Batterien ausgebildet ist, die jeweils eine Spannung von 4,2 V bereitstellen und eine Kapazität von 45 AH haben, wobei eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie insbesondere ein Ge¬ wicht von 1007 g und eine Abmessung von 222 mm * 54,3 mm auf- weist .According to a further preferred embodiment, the first energy storage device is a series circuit of three Lithium-ion batteries is formed, each providing a voltage of 4.2 V and have a capacity of 45 AH, a lithium-ion battery in particular a Ge ¬ weight of 1007 g and a dimension of 222 mm * 54, 3 mm.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die weitere Energieversorgungseinrichtung als ein Thermogenerator, insbesondere als ein Peltier-Element , oder als eine Brenn- Stoffzelle, insbesondere als eine Direkt-Methanol- Brennstoffzelle, ausgebildet.According to a further preferred embodiment, the further energy supply device is designed as a thermogenerator, in particular as a Peltier element, or as a fuel cell, in particular as a direct methanol fuel cell.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Weiterbildung weist die zweite Energieversorgungseinrichtung eine Leistungsdichte von zumindest 2000 W / kg auf.According to a further preferred development, the second energy supply device has a power density of at least 2000 W / kg.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der in den schemati¬ schen Figuren angegebenen Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the schemati ¬ specified in the rule Figures embodiments. Show it:
Figur 1 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsge¬ mäßen Energiespeichersystems;Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first embodiment of erfindungsge ¬ mäßen energy storage system;
Figur 2 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines zweiten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsge¬ mäßen Energiespeichersystems; undFigure 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second embodiment of the erfindungsge ¬ mäßen energy storage system; and
Figur 3 ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfin¬ dungsgemäßen Verfahrens .Figure 3 is a schematic flow diagram of a preferred embodiment of the inventions ¬ inventive method.
In allen Figuren sind gleiche beziehungsweise funktionsglei¬ che Elemente und Einrichtungen - sofern nichts anderes ange- geben ist - mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen worden.In all the figures, identical or functionally moving ¬ che elements and devices - is give unless otherwise reasonable - given the same reference numerals.
Die Figuren 1 und 2 zeigen jeweils ein schematisches Block¬ schaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Energiespeichersystems 1 für ein Kraftfahrzeug. Das erfin¬ dungsgemäße Energiespeichersystem 1 weist eine erste blei¬ freie Energiespeichereinrichtung 2, eine zweite bleifreie E- nergiespeichereinrichtung 4 und eine Steuervorrichtung 6 auf.Figures 1 and 2 each show a schematic block ¬ circuit diagram of an embodiment of the invention Energy storage system 1 for a motor vehicle. The dung OF INVENTION ¬ proper energy storage system 1 comprises a first lead-¬ free energy storage means 2, a second lead-free energy storage means 4, and a controller. 6
Die zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 ist derart ausgestaltet, dass sie eine vorbestimmte Leistung von zumin¬ dest 1000 W einem Startermotor 5 zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors des Kraftfahrzeuges für eine bestimmte Anzahl von Startzyklen bereitstellt. Des Weiteren ist die zweite blei¬ freie Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 derart ausgestaltet, dass sie ihre Funktionsfähigkeit über ihre Lebensdauer im Wesent¬ lichen beibehält. Das bedeutet, dass die zweite bleifreie E- nergiespeichereinrichtung 4 im Gegensatz zu einer Bleibatte- rie im Wesentlichen keiner Hysterese einer Alterung unterliegt und somit ihre Funktionsfähigkeit über ihre Lebensdauer beibehalten kann.The second lead-free energy storage device 4 is configured such that it provides a predetermined power of at least 1000 W ¬ a starter motor 5 for starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a predetermined number of starting cycles. Further, the second lead-¬ free energy storage device 4 configured such that it retains its functionality over its lifetime in the Wesent ¬ union. This means that the second unleaded energy storage device 4, unlike a lead-acid battery, undergoes substantially no hysteresis of aging and thus can maintain its operability over its lifetime.
Die erste bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 weist eine Energiedichte von zumindest 30 Wh/kg bevorzugt von zumindest 40 Wh/kg, besonders bevorzugt von zumindest 100 Wh/kg, für eine Energieversorgung eines Bordnetzes 3 des Kraftfahrzeuges auf. Die erste Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 ist beispielswei¬ se als eine Parallelschaltung von drei NiMH-Batterieeinheiten ausgebildet, wobei eine NiMH-Batterieeinheit eine Serien¬ schaltung von elf NiMH-Batterien ist. Eine NiMH-Batterie stellt insbesondere eine Spannung von 1,2 V bereit und hat eine Kapazität von 15 Ah. Die NiMH-Batterie hat außerdem ins¬ besondere ein Gewicht von 250 g und eine Abmessung als Rund- zelle von 88,8 mm * 32,5 mm.The first lead-free energy storage device 2 has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably of at least 40 Wh / kg, particularly preferably of at least 100 Wh / kg, for an energy supply of a vehicle electrical system 3 of the motor vehicle. The first energy storage device 2 is beispielswei ¬ se designed as a parallel connection of three NiMH battery units, wherein a NiMH battery unit is a series ¬ circuit of eleven NiMH batteries. In particular, a NiMH battery provides a voltage of 1.2 V and has a capacity of 15 Ah. The NiMH battery also has the special ¬ a weight of 250 grams and a dimension as a round cell of 88.8 mm * 32.5 mm.
Ein weiteres Beispiel für die Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 ist eine Serienschaltung von drei Lithium-Ionen-Batterien, die jeweils eine Spannung von 4,2 V bereitstellen und eine Kapazität von 45 Ah haben, wobei eine Lithium-Ionen-Batterie als Rundzelle insbesondere ein Gewicht von 1007 g und eine Abmessung von 222 mm * 54,3 mm aufweist. Der vorbestimmte Ladezustand der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 ist insbesondere zum Starten des Verbrennungsmo¬ tors geeignet. Dabei weist die zweite Energieversorgungsein¬ richtung 4 vorzugsweise eine Leistungsdichte von zumindest 1000 W / kg auf.Another example of the energy storage device 2 is a series circuit of three lithium-ion batteries, each providing a voltage of 4.2 V and having a capacity of 45 Ah, with a lithium-ion battery as a round cell in particular a weight of 1007 g and has a dimension of 222 mm * 54.3 mm. The predetermined state of charge of the second energy storage device 4 is particularly suitable for starting the Verbrennungsmo ¬ sector. In this case, the second energy supply device 4 preferably has a power density of at least 1000 W / kg.
Beispielsweise ist die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 als eine Doppelschichtkondensatoreinheit mit einer Kapazität von 300 F ausgebildet, welche insbesondere als eine Serien- Schaltung von sechs Doppelschichtkondensatoren mit einer Kapazität von jeweils 1800 F ausgebildet ist.For example, the second energy storage device 4 is designed as a double-layer capacitor unit with a capacitance of 300 F, which is designed in particular as a series circuit of six double-layer capacitors with a capacity of 1800 F each.
Gemäß der Ausführungsbeispiele der Figuren 1 und 2 steuert die Steuervorrichtung 6 die erste Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 mittels des Steuersignals Sl derart, dass die erste Ener¬ giespeichereinrichtung 2 die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 lädt, so dass die zweite Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 zumindest den vorbestimmten Ladezustand aufweist. Außerdem überwacht die Steuervorrichtung 6 in einem Ein-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors den Ladezustand der ersten Energiespei¬ chereinrichtung 2 mittels eines Ladezustandsignals LZl und/oder den Ladezustand der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 mittels eines Ladezustandsignals LZ2 und steuert ab¬ hängig von dem ersten Ladezustandsignal LZl und/oder dem zweiten Ladezustandsignal LZ2 das Laden der ersten Energie¬ speichereinrichtung 2 und/oder der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung 4.According to the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2, the control device 6 controls the first energy storage device 2 by means of the control signal S such that the first Ener ¬ giespeichereinrichtung 2 charges the second power storage device 4, so that the second power storage device 4 comprises at least the predetermined state of charge. In addition, the control device 6 monitors the charge state of the first Energiespei ¬ chereinrichtung 2 by means of a state of charge signal LZl and / or the state of charge of the second energy storage device 4 by means of a charge state signal LZ2 and controls ¬ dependent of the first state of charge signal LZL and / or in an on state of the internal combustion engine the second charge state signal LZ2 loading the first energy ¬ storage device 2 and / or the second energy storage device. 4
Des Weiteren kann die Steuervorrichtung 6 auch einen Genera- tor 8 oder Lichtmaschine derart steuern, dass der Generator 8 die erste bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 und/oder das Bordnetz 3 mittels der Leitung L8 und/oder die zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 mittels der Leitung L9 steuert. Den Ladezustand des Generators 8 kann die Steuervor- richtung 6 mittels des dritten Ladezustandsignals LZ3 überwa¬ chen. Zum Starten des Verbrennungsmotors stellt die zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 dem Startermotor 5 die dafür notwendige Energie mittels der Leitung L3 bereit. In Abhängigkeit des zweiten Ladezustandsignals LZ2 kann die Steuervorrichtung 6 auch die zweite bleifreie Energiespei¬ chereinrichtung 4 mittels des zweiten Steuersignals S2 derart steuern, dass die zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 die erste bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 mittels der Leitung L2 lädt. Außerdem kann die Steuervorrichtung 6 in Abhängigkeit der Ladezustandsignale LZl und LZ2 die erste bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 auch derart steuern, dass diese den Startermotor 5 mittels der Leitung L4 mit E- nergie versorgt. Des Weiteren ist die zweite Energieversor¬ gungseinrichtung 4 durch die Steuervorrichtung 6 auch derart steuerbar, dass sie das Bordnetz 3 des Kraftfahrzeuges mit¬ tels der Leitung L5 mit Energie versorgt. Ferner ist die ers- te Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 durch die Steuervorrichtung 6 derart steuerbar, dass sie im Aus-Zustand das Bordnetz 3 mit¬ tels der Leitung L6 mit Energie versorgt.Furthermore, the control device 6 can also control a generator 8 or alternator such that the generator 8 controls the first lead-free energy storage device 2 and / or the electrical system 3 by means of the line L8 and / or the second lead-free energy storage device 4 by means of the line L9. The state of charge of the generator 8, the tax regulations direction 6 by means of the third state of charge signal LZ3 surveil ¬ chen. To start the internal combustion engine, the second lead-free energy storage device 4 provides the starter motor 5 with the necessary energy by means of the line L3. In response to the second state of charge signal LZ2 the control device can also control the second lead-free Energiespei ¬ chereinrichtung 4 by means of the second control signal S2 in such a way 6 that the second lead-free energy storage device 4 loads the first lead-free energy storage device 2 by the line L2. In addition, the control device 6 in response to the state of charge signals LZL and LZ2, the first lead-free energy storage device 2 also control such that it supplies the starter motor 5 by means of the line L4 with e- nergy. Furthermore, the second Energieversor ¬ restriction device 4 is by the control device 6 is also controlled such that it supplies the electrical system of the motor vehicle 3 with ¬ means of the line L5 with energy. Further, the ERS te energy storage means 2 is controllable by the control device 6 in that it provides in the off state, the on-board network 3 with ¬ means of the line L6 with energy.
Das zweite Ausführungsbeispiel des Energiespeichersystems 1 gemäß Figur 2 unterscheidet sich von dem ersten Ausführungs¬ beispiel gemäß Figur 1 dahingehend, dass die zweite Energie¬ speichereinrichtung 4 auch im Ein-Zustand des Verbrennungsmo¬ tors aus der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 und nicht dem Generator 8 geladen wird. Diese Energieversorgung kann mittels der Leitung LIl durchgeführt werden.The second embodiment of the power storage system 1 according to Figure 2 differs from the first execution ¬ example according to Figure 1 in that the second energy ¬ storage device 4 is loaded in the on-state of the Verbrennungsmo ¬ tors from the first energy storage device 2 and not the generator 8 , This power supply can be carried out by means of the line LIl.
Sollte die in der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 gespeicherte Energie einen vorbestimmten Ladezustand überschreiten, so kann diese mittels der Leitung LlO auch im eingeschalteten Zustand an das Bordnetz 3 abgeleitet werden.If the energy stored in the first energy storage device 2 exceeds a predetermined state of charge, it can be dissipated to the vehicle electrical system 3 by means of the line L10 even when it is switched on.
Figur 3 zeigt ein schematisches Ablaufdiagramm eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Steuern eines Energiespeichersystems 1 für ein Kraftfahr- zeug. Nachfolgend wird das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren anhand des Blockschaltbildes in Figur 3 erläutert. Das erfindungsge¬ mäße Verfahren weist folgende Verfahrensschritte a bis c auf: Verfahrensschritt a:FIG. 3 shows a schematic flow diagram of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for controlling an energy storage system 1 for a motor vehicle. The method according to the invention will be explained below with reference to the block diagram in FIG. The erfindungsge ¬ Permitted method has the following method steps a to c: Process step a:
Es wird eine erste bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 be¬ reitgestellt, welche eine Energiedichte von zumindest 30 Wh/kg, bevorzugt von zumindest 40 Wh/kg, besonders bevorzugt von zumindest 100 Wh/kg, für eine Energieversorgung eines Bordnetzes 3 eines Kraftfahrzeuges aufweist.It is a first lead-free energy storage device 2 be ¬ provided, which has an energy density of at least 30 Wh / kg, preferably of at least 40 Wh / kg, more preferably of at least 100 Wh / kg, for a power supply of a vehicle electrical system 3 of a motor vehicle.
Verfahrensschritt b:Process step b:
Es wird eine zweite bleifreie Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 bereitgestellt, welche eine vorbestimmte Leistung insbesonde¬ re von zumindest 1000 W/kg einem Startermotor 5 zum Starten eines Verbrennungsmotors des Kraftfahrzeuges für eine vorbe¬ stimmte Anzahl von Startzyklen bereitstellt und derart aus¬ gestaltet ist, dass sie ihre Funktionsfähigkeit über ihre Le- bensdauer im Wesentlichen beibehält.There is provided a second lead-free energy storage means 4, which is a predetermined power insbesonde ¬ re of at least 1000 W / kg a starter motor 5 provides for starting an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle for a vorbe ¬ infinite number of starting cycles and so from ¬ designed to its Maintains functionality over their life essentially.
Verfahrensschritt c:Process step c:
Die erste Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 oder eine weitere E- nergieversorgungseinrichtung wird in einem Aus-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors derart gesteuert, so dass die zweite Ener¬ giespeichereinrichtung 4 zumindest einen vorbestimmten Ladezustand aufweist. In einem Ein-Zustand des Verbrennungsmotors wird der Ladezustand der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 und/oder der Ladezustand der zweiten Energiespeichereinrich- tung 4 überwacht und abhängig von dem Überwachen wird ein Laden der ersten Energiespeichereinrichtung 2 und/oder der zweiten Energiespeichereinrichtung 4 gesteuert.The first energy storage device 2 or another E- nergieversorgungseinrichtung is controlled in an off state of the engine in such a way so that the second Ener ¬ giespeichereinrichtung 4 has at least a predetermined state of charge. In an on state of the internal combustion engine, the charge state of the first energy storage device 2 and / or the state of charge of the second energy storage device 4 is monitored and depending on the monitoring, charging of the first energy storage device 2 and / or the second energy storage device 4 is controlled.
Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung vorstehend anhand der bevor- zugten Ausführungsbeispiele beschrieben wurde, ist sie darauf nicht beschränkt, sondern auf vielfältige Art und Weise modi¬ fizierbar. Beispielsweise sind die in Figuren 1 und 2 darge¬ stellten Leitungen nur beispielhaft. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto, but modi ¬ fizierbar in a variety of ways. For example, the Darge ¬ presented in Figures 1 and 2 lines are exemplary.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| DE102006044138.9 | 2006-09-15 | ||
| DE102006044138A DE102006044138A1 (en) | 2006-09-15 | 2006-09-15 | Energy storage system for a motor vehicle and method for controlling an energy storage system |
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| WO2008031640A1 true WO2008031640A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
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| WO (1) | WO2008031640A1 (en) |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010115006A1 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2010-10-07 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same |
| JP2012523215A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2012-09-27 | イーグルピッチャー テクノロジーズ,エルエルシー | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of use thereof |
| US8427098B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2013-04-23 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same |
| US8638061B2 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2014-01-28 | Eaglepicher Technologies, Llc | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same |
| RU2506679C2 (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2014-02-10 | Иглпичер Текнолоджис, Ллс | Method and system for power levelling (versions) |
| USRE46156E1 (en) | 2009-04-01 | 2016-09-20 | Eaglepicher Technologies Llc | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same |
| AP3970A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2016-12-30 | Eaglepicher Technologies Llc | Hybrid energy storage system, renewable energy system including the storage system, and method of using same. |
| GB2510821A (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-20 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Charging Method |
| GB2510821B (en) * | 2013-02-13 | 2015-08-19 | Jaguar Land Rover Ltd | Charging Method |
| DE102020112184A1 (en) | 2020-05-06 | 2021-11-11 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | System for operating a fuel cell arrangement |
| DE102020112184B4 (en) | 2020-05-06 | 2024-07-18 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | System for operating a fuel cell arrangement |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102006044138A1 (en) | 2008-03-27 |
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