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WO2008030370A1 - Utilisation de la lipocaline 2 dans la régulation de la sensibilité à l'insuline - Google Patents

Utilisation de la lipocaline 2 dans la régulation de la sensibilité à l'insuline Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008030370A1
WO2008030370A1 PCT/US2007/018992 US2007018992W WO2008030370A1 WO 2008030370 A1 WO2008030370 A1 WO 2008030370A1 US 2007018992 W US2007018992 W US 2007018992W WO 2008030370 A1 WO2008030370 A1 WO 2008030370A1
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Prior art keywords
lcn2
expression
activity
compound
mammal
Prior art date
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Ceased
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PCT/US2007/018992
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WO2008030370A9 (fr
Inventor
Evan D. Rosen
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc
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Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Inc
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Priority to EP07837479A priority Critical patent/EP2062054A1/fr
Priority to JP2009527361A priority patent/JP2010502985A/ja
Priority to US12/438,632 priority patent/US20100247551A1/en
Publication of WO2008030370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008030370A1/fr
Publication of WO2008030370A9 publication Critical patent/WO2008030370A9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
    • G01N2800/04—Endocrine or metabolic disorders
    • G01N2800/042—Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, e.g. diabetes, glucose metabolism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
    • G01N2800/04—Endocrine or metabolic disorders
    • G01N2800/044—Hyperlipemia or hypolipemia, e.g. dyslipidaemia, obesity

Definitions

  • adipokine' was coined to reflect the fact that many of these molecules exert positive or negative actions on inflammation.
  • adipokines promote insulin sensitivity, including leptin (Halaas, J. L., et al, (1995) Science 269(5223), 543-546); adiponectin (Scherer, P. E., et al, (1995) J Biol Chem 270(45), 26746-26749); and visfatin (Fukuhara, A., et al, .
  • insulin resistance in the peripheral tissues such as muscle and fat is associated with increased secretion of insulin by pancreatic ⁇ -cells.
  • the secreted insulin promotes glucose utilization and inhibits production of glucose by the liver.
  • the pancreatic ⁇ -cells often cannot sustain the increased production of insulin resulting in the eventual decrease of insulin production and glucose intolerance.
  • Insulin resistance is characterized, for example, by increased glucose concentration in the blood, increased insulin concentration in the blood, decreased ability to metabolize glucose in response to insulin, or a combination of any of the above. Insulin resistance is thought to predict possible later development of diabetic disease, such as Type 2 Diabetes. However, even in the absence of diabetes, insulin resistance is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (Despres, et ⁇ l. , N. Engl. J, Med 334:952-957 (1996)). The loss of insulin production in insulin resistance and diabetes results in increased blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in turn can contribute to long term illness such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy.
  • Insulin resistance is also associated with abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism, obesity, kidney disease, high blood pressure and increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
  • the association of insulin resistance with these other abnormalities is referred to as "Insulin Resistance Syndrome” or “Metabolic Syndrome” or “Syndrome X”.
  • Metabolic Syndrome has been characterized as the co-occurrence of obesity (especially central obesity), dyslipidemia (especially high levels of triglycerides and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol), hyperglycemia and hypertension. People with Metabolic Syndrome are at increased risk for diabetes or cardiovascular disease relative to people without the syndrome (Meigs, J.B., BMJ: 327, 61-62, (2003)).
  • the present invention provides important targets and screening methods for the identification of molecules or compounds that can be used for the development of treatments and medicaments that alleviate or mitigate symptoms and diseases associated with insulin resistance.
  • the invention relates to methods for identifying compounds that modulate Lcn2 activity or expression.
  • the methods comprise contacting a test sample comprising Lcn2 (e.g., a test sample comprising cells) with a test compound and comparing the level of Lcn2 activity or expression in the presence of the test compound to the level of Lcn2 activity or expression in the absence of the test compound to determine modulation of Lcn2 activity, wherein an alteration of Lcn2 activity is indicative of a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity or expression.
  • the present invention also relates to methods of reducing insulin resistance or increasing insulin sensitivity in a mammal.
  • The-method comprises administering to a mammal a compound that reduces the activity or expression of Lcn2.
  • the method additionally relates to methods of diagnosing insulin resistance or a related condition in a mammal, by measuring Lcn2 activity in a biological sample obtained from the mammal, wherein an increase in Lcn2 activity is indicative of insulin resistance or related conditions.
  • the invention further relates to use of compounds that reduce the activity or expression of Lcn2 for the manufacture of medicaments for reducing insulin resistance or increasing insulin sensitivity.
  • Lcn2 as a marker for insulin resistance or related conditions is advantageous because it does not require fasting or any special preparation by the patient, Lcn2 is a stable compound under routine collection conditions, and Lcn2 can be detected in a blood drop from a skin prick, or in urine.
  • using Lcn2 as a marker for insulin resistance or related conditions may be useful in many at risk populations including obese and non-obese relatives of individuals with Type 2 diabetes patients with other criteria for the metabolic syndrome such as hypertension and in or hyperlipidemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
  • Fig. 1 demonstrates that Lcn2 is expressed in adipocytes and is regulated by Dex and TNF.
  • Mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with Dex (1 ⁇ M) or TNF (4 ng/ ⁇ L) in the presence or absence of rosiglitazone (Rosi; 1 ⁇ M), and Lcn2 mRNA levels were measured by Q-PCR.
  • Data presented as mean ⁇ SD, *p ⁇ 0.05, ***p 0.005 relative to no Rosi.
  • the inset shows the corresponding amount of Fabp4 mRNA to mark the extent of differentiation.
  • Fig. 3A-3D demonstrate Lcn2 expression in adipocytes is C/EBP dependent.
  • Fig. 3 A PPAR ⁇ -/- cells were infected with C/EBP-expressing. retroviruses and endogenous levels of Lcn2 were measured by Q-PCR relative to cells transduced with empty vector. Data presented as mean ⁇ SD, * ⁇ 0.05, **p ⁇ 0.01, ***p ⁇ 0.001.
  • Fig. 3B Alignment of mouse (SEQ ID NO:19), rat (SEQ ID NO:20) and human (SEQ ID NO:21) Lcn2 promoter sequences reveals a putative C/EBP binding site. Boxed letters, core nucleotides essential for C/EBP binding. Fig.
  • Fig. 4A-4E demonstrate that Lcn2 is elevated in obesity.
  • Fig. 4B Lcn
  • Fig. 5A-5C demonstrate that shRNA-mediated knockdown of Lcn2 improves insulin action.
  • Fig. 5A mRNA expression of Lcn2 and markers in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes expressing either control shRNA or shLcn2.
  • Fig. 5B Basal (white bars) and insulin-stimulated (black bars) glucose uptake in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes expressing either control shRNA or shLcn2.
  • Fig. 5C Component of glucose uptake attributable to insulin, equivalent to the uptake in the presence of insulin minus the uptake in the absence of insulin.
  • n 12, mean ⁇ SD, * p ⁇ le "4 .
  • Fig. 6A-6C indicates that exogenous recombinant Lcn2 induces insulin resistance in H4IIe hepatocytes.
  • Fig. 6A Left, Glucose production induced by liganded Lcn2 (10 nM) or Dex (250 nM) in the presence or absence of insulin (100 nM). Right, effect of liganded Lcn2 (10 nM) or Dex (250 nM) on glucose-6- phosphatase mRNA expression in the presence or absence of insulin (100 nM).
  • Fig. 6B Dose response of liganded Lcn2 on glucose-6-phosphatase expression.
  • Lcn2 lipocalin-2
  • adipose tissue is a dominant site of Lcn2 expression in the mouse, and that Lcn2 expression that it is regulated by obesity.
  • Lcn2 promotes insulin resistance in adipocytes.
  • the present invention relates to methods for identifying compounds that modulate the activity or expression of Lcn2, either in vitro or in vivo (e.g., in a mammal), wherein the ability of the compound to modulate Lcn2 activity or expression was previously unknown.
  • the methods of identification include in vitro or in vivo methods, and can be used to identify compounds that decrease Lcn2 activity or expression, or to identify compounds that increase Lcn2 activity or expression.
  • a test sample comprising Lcn2 is contacted with one or more test compounds.
  • test sample refers to a sample that comprises Lcn2 and/or comprises nucleic acid encoding Lcn2; representative test samples include, for example, biological samples such as a suitable cell, tissue, serum, plasma, or urine; alternatively, the test sample can be a cell-free sample, for example, a cell lysate, or a buffer comprising Lcn2.
  • the level of Len2 activity in the test sample in the presence of the test compound is compared with the level of Lcn2 activity in the absence of the test compound, wherein a difference in the level of Lcn2 activity is indicative of a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity.
  • Lcn2 activity includes, for example, the ability of Lcn2 to deliver iron, ability of Lcn2 to bind to siderophores or to a siderophore-iron complex, stability (e.g. structural* or half-life) of Lcn2 in tissues or in circulation, and the ability of Lcn2 to induce insulin resistance.
  • compounds that modulate the activity of Lcn2 reduce the level of insulin resistance in a mammal.
  • Symptoms of insulin resistance include, for example, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin-stimulated glucose transport, impaired insulin signaling, increased levels of serum glucose, and/or increased levels of serum insulin. These indicators of insulin resistance can be measured using standard methods in the art including the methods described herein.
  • Lcn2 expression refers to expression of Lcn2 mRNA or protein.
  • Lcn2 expression can be measured by detecting the level of Lcn2 mRNA in cells or tissue. Techniques for detecting RNA levels are well known in the art and include reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), Northern blotting, and RNAse protection assays.
  • RT-PCR reverse transcriptase PCR
  • Northern blotting Northern blotting
  • RNAse protection assays RNAse protection assays.
  • the rate at which Lcn2 mRNA is transcribed can be determined using a Lcn2 promoter reporter assay or a nuclear run-off assay. See “Current Protocols in Molecular Biology” Vol. 1, Chapter 4, John Wiley & Sons, Inc (1997).
  • Lcn2 expression can also be measured by detecting the level or concentration of Lcn2 protein or a biologically active fragment thereof.
  • any method suitable for detecting protein/peptide levels in tissue or cells can be used, such as specific antibody binding (immunological or immunoreactive method, e.g., ELISA 5 RIA, nephlometry or Western blot) to detect the levels of Lcn2, or a biologically active fragment thereof, or a characteristic fragment thereof (i.e., a fragment that may not have all of the biological activity of the intact Lcn2 protein, but can be used to specifically identify the biologically active protein).
  • specific antibody binding immunoreactive method, e.g., ELISA 5 RIA, nephlometry or Western blot
  • Suitable cells or tissues for use in the assays for compounds that modulate Lcn2 activity or expression as described herein include, for example, adipose, liver, and muscle.
  • methods described herein can compare the level of Lcn2 in the blood of an individual (human or other mammal) prior to and after the administration of a test compound.
  • Blood samples include, for example, whole blood, plasma, or serum. Urine, stool, and other bodily fluids can also be used.
  • the assays can also include Lcn2 promoter-reporter assays, in vitro mRNA translation and stability assays, Lcn2 secretion assays using primary hepatocytes, or half-life studies of Lcn2 stability in cell culture conditions (ex-vivo) or in vitro. All of the assays described herein include high throughput assays.
  • Methods of identifying compounds that modulate Lcn2 activity also include in vivo methods.
  • the animal models for insulin resistance described herein can be used.
  • In vivo methods of testing Lcn2 activity and/or insulin resistance include, for example, mice having insulin resistance such as AG4KO mice can be treated with or without the test compound and then subjected to glucose tolerance test or insulin tolerance test, wherein improved glucose tolerance or insulin tolerance is indicative of a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity.
  • the level of Lcn2 in serum can be compared between the two groups of mice, wherein the reduction in level of Lcn2 in the blood is indicative of a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity.
  • blood glucose and plasma insulin level can be measured in mice, wherein a lower level of blood glucose and/or a lower plasma insulin level in treated mice compared to nontreated mice is indicative of a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity.
  • wild type mice can be administered a high-fat diet, and treated with the test compound, or not.
  • the levels of Lcn2 can be compared between treated and nontreated mice wherein the reduction in the level of Lcn2, is indicative of a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity.
  • the treated and nontreated mice on a high fat diet can be given the glucose tolerance test or the insulin tolerance test, wherein the reduction in glucose levels in the blood or plasma insulin levels is indicative of a compound that modulates or Lcn2 activity and thereby modulates insulin resistance.
  • modulation includes both inhibition and increase in activity, where inhibition is any measurable level of reduced activity, and increase is any measurable level of activity.
  • a compound that modulates Lcn2 activity can also be useful for therapeutic treatment to alleviate conditions related to insulin resistance, as well as for the manufacture of medicaments for use in treatments to alleviate conditions related to insulin resistance.
  • the compounds can be used to reduce insulin resistance or increase insulin sensitivity.
  • Examples of the molecules that ' modulate Lcn2 activity include molecules that structurally mimic the natural Iigands of.Lcn2, such as siderophores.
  • Antibodies either polyclonal, monoclonal, or antibody fragments that specifically bind to Lcn2 can also be used to interfere with Lcn2 activity. The production of such specific antibodies is well-known to those of skill in the art.
  • an acid salt of a compound containing an amine or other basic group can be obtained, by reacting the compound with a suitable organic or inorganic acid, such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, acetic acid, perchloric acid and the like.
  • a suitable organic or inorganic acid such as hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide, acetic acid, perchloric acid and the like.
  • Compounds with a quaternary ammonium group also contain a counteranion such as chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, perchlorate and the like.
  • salts include hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, methanesulfonates, nitrates, maleates, acetates, citrates, fumarates, tartrates [e.g. (+)- tartrates, (-)-tartrates or mixtures thereof including racemic mixtures], succinates, benzoates and salts with amino acids such as glutamic acid.
  • Salts of compounds containing a carboxylic acid or other acidic functional group can be prepared by reacting with a suitable base.
  • a suitable base which affords a pharmaceutically acceptable cation, which includes alkali metal salts (especially sodium and potassium), alkaline earth metal salts (especially calcium and magnesium), aluminum salts and ammonium salts, as well as salts made from physiologically acceptable organic bases such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, morpholine, pyridine, piperidine, picoline, dicyclohexylamine, N,N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, 2-hydroxyethylamine, bis-(2- hydroxyethyl)amine, tri-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, procaine, dibenzylpiperidine, N- benzyl- ⁇ -phenethylamine, dehydroabietylamine, N,N'-bisdehydroabietylamine, glucamine, N-methylglucamine
  • the present invention includes pharmaceutical formulations of the compounds described herein.
  • Pharmaceutical formulations can be adapted for administration by any appropriate route, for example by the oral (including buccal or sublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual or transferal), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) route.
  • Such formulations can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacy, for example by bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier(s), diluent(s) or excipient(s).
  • compositions may be presented in unit dose forms containing a predetermined amount of active ingredient per unit dose.
  • a unit may contain for example about 1 ⁇ g to 10 ⁇ g, about 0.01 rng to 1000 mg, or about 0.1 mg to 250 mg of the'active ingredient, depending on the condition being treated, the route of administration and the age, weight and condition of the patient.
  • a retinamide, retinyl, or mimic thereof is administered orally, at a dose of about 10 to about 100 mg/day, or about 100 to about 500 mg/day or about 500 to about 1000 mg/day.
  • compositions adapted for oral administration may be presented as discrete units such as capsules or tablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions in aqueous or non-aqueous liquids; edible foams or whips; or oil-in- water liquid emulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.
  • compositions adapted for transferal administration may be presented as discrete patches intended to remain in intimate contact with the epidermis of the recipient for a prolonged period of time.
  • the active ingredient may be delivered from the patch by iontophoresis as generally described in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 318 (1986).
  • compositions adapted for parenteral administration include aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions which may contain the antioxidants as well as buffers, bacteriostats and solutes which render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions which may include suspending agents and thickening agents.
  • the formulations may be presented in unit-dose or multi-dose containers, for example sealed ampules and vials, and may be stored in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) condition requiring only the addition of the sterile liquid carrier, for example water for injections, immediately prior to use.
  • Extemporaneous injection solutions and suspensions may be prepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers or diluents are typically inert ingredients that do not significantly interact with the active components of a pharmaceutical composition.
  • the carriers or diluents should be biocompatible, i.e., non-toxic, noninflammatory, non-immunogenic and devoid of other undesired reactions at the administration site.
  • One of ordinary skill in the art is readily able to select a carrier or diluent that is suitable for a particular method of administration or for a particular type of pharmaceutical composition (e.g., one containing retinamide or retinyl ester).
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and diluents include, for example, sterile water, physiological saline, bacteriostatic saline (saline containing about 0.9 mg/ml benzyl alcohol) , phosphate-buffered saline, Hank's solution, Ringer's lactate, commercially available inert gels, or liquids supplemented with albumin, methyl cellulose or a collagen matrix.
  • Additional carriers and diluents include sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol, or sorbitol; cellulose preparations such as, for example, maize starch, wheat starch, rice starch, potato starch, gelatin, gum tragacanth, methyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and/or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
  • disintegrating agents can be added (e.g., to a tablet or capsule), such as the cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, agar, or alginic acid or a salt thereof such as sodium alginate.
  • Other carriers and diluents are described in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easton, PA, the contents of which are incorporated by reference.
  • compositions of the invention can be prepared by combining, for example a retinamide or retinyl ester disclosed herein and a pharmaceutically active agent, and optionally including one of the carriers of diluents described above.
  • a salt will contain a positive ion or negative ion as a counterion.
  • Compounds that have both a phosphate group and an amine group are considered to have no excess charge".
  • phosphate and amine groups can serve as counterions for each other or each group can have an exogenous counterion.
  • Suitable cations include alkaline earth metal ions, such as sodium and potassium ions, alkaline earth ions, such as calcium and magnesium ions, and unsubstituted and substituted (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary) ammonium ions.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable counter anions include chloride, bromide, acetate, formate, citrate, ascorbate, sulfate and phosphate.
  • the term "therapeutically effective amount” means the amount needed to achieve the desired therapeutic or diagnostic effect or efficacy.
  • the actual effective amounts of the compound can vary according to the biological activity of the particular compound-employed; specific drug or combination thereof being utilized; the particular composition formulated; the mode of administrations-trie age, weight, and condition of the patient; the nature and severity of the symptoms or condition being- treated; the frequency of treatment; the administration of other therapies; and the effect desired. Dosages for a particular patient can be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using conventional considerations (e.g. by means of an appropriate, conventional pharmacological protocol).
  • the compounds of the present invention can be administered in conventional pharmaceutical administration forms, for example, uncoated or (film-)coated tablets, capsules, powders, granules, suppositories, suspensions or solutions. These are produced in a conventional manner.
  • the active substances can for this purpose be processed with conventional pharmaceutical aids such as tablet binders, fillers, preservatives, tablet disintegrants, flow regulators, plasticizers, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, solvents, sustained release compositions, and/or antioxidants (cf. H. Sucker, et al.,: Pharmazeutician Technologie, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978).
  • conventional pharmaceutical aids such as tablet binders, fillers, preservatives, tablet disintegrants, flow regulators, plasticizers, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, solvents, sustained release compositions, and/or antioxidants (cf. H. Sucker, et al.,: Pharmazeutician Technologie, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978).
  • the administration forms obtained in this way typically contain from about 1 to about 90 percent by weight of the active substance.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés servant à identifier des composés modulant l'activité ou l'expression de la lipocaline 2, et des procédés pour réduire la résistance à l'insuline ou pour augmenter la sensibilité à l'insuline par l'administration de composés modulant l'expression de la lipocaline 2. L'invention concerne également des procédés pour diagnostiquer une résistance à l'insuline ou des conditions apparentées, par la mesure de l'activité de la lipocaline 2.
PCT/US2007/018992 2006-09-05 2007-08-29 Utilisation de la lipocaline 2 dans la régulation de la sensibilité à l'insuline Ceased WO2008030370A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07837479A EP2062054A1 (fr) 2006-09-05 2007-08-29 Utilisation de la lipocaline 2 dans la régulation de la sensibilité à l'insuline
JP2009527361A JP2010502985A (ja) 2006-09-05 2007-08-29 インスリン感受性の制御におけるリポカリン２の使用
US12/438,632 US20100247551A1 (en) 2006-09-05 2007-08-29 Use of Lipocalin 2 in the Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US84258706P 2006-09-05 2006-09-05
US60/842,587 2006-09-05

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Cited By (2)

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WO2010046411A1 (fr) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Biomarqueurs de l’activation du récepteur des minéralocorticoïdes
JP2011519037A (ja) * 2008-04-30 2011-06-30 ヴァーシテック・リミテッド 心臓及び脳卒中のリスクのための予後診断及び診断マーカーとしてのリポカリン−２

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WO2003011213A2 (fr) * 2001-07-30 2003-02-13 Eli Lilly And Company Methode de traitement du diabete et de l'obesite
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