WO2008015201A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von strukturierten, elektrisch leitfähigen oberflächen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von strukturierten, elektrisch leitfähigen oberflächen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008015201A1 WO2008015201A1 PCT/EP2007/057858 EP2007057858W WO2008015201A1 WO 2008015201 A1 WO2008015201 A1 WO 2008015201A1 EP 2007057858 W EP2007057858 W EP 2007057858W WO 2008015201 A1 WO2008015201 A1 WO 2008015201A1
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- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- structured
- full
- conductive surfaces
- sodium
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4685—Manufacturing of cross-over conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/46—Manufacturing multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4644—Manufacturing multilayer circuits by building the multilayer layer by layer, i.e. build-up multilayer circuits
- H05K3/4664—Adding a circuit layer by thick film methods, e.g. printing techniques or by other techniques for making conductive patterns by using pastes, inks or powders
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0347—Overplating, e.g. for reinforcing conductors or bumps; Plating over filled vias
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0779—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing characterised by the specific liquids involved
- H05K2203/0786—Using an aqueous solution, e.g. for cleaning or during drilling of holes
- H05K2203/0796—Oxidant in aqueous solution, e.g. permanganate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
- H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
- H05K3/1241—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by ink-jet printing or drawing by dispensing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/22—Secondary treatment of printed circuits
- H05K3/24—Reinforcing the conductive pattern
- H05K3/245—Reinforcing conductive patterns made by printing techniques or by other techniques for applying conductive pastes, inks or powders; Reinforcing other conductive patterns by such techniques
- H05K3/246—Reinforcing conductive paste, ink or powder patterns by other methods, e.g. by plating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing structured, electrically conductive surfaces on an electrically nonconductive support.
- the method according to the invention is suitable, for example, for producing printed conductors on printed circuit boards, RFID antennas, transponder antennas or other antenna structures, chip card modules, flat cables, seat heaters, film conductors, printed conductors in solar cells or in LCD or plasma picture screens or galvanically coated products in any desired form. Also, the method is suitable for the production of decorative or functional surfaces on products that can be used to shield electromagnetic radiation, for heat conduction or as packaging.
- the production of such printed conductors is generally carried out, for example, by first applying a structured adhesive layer to the carrier body.
- a metal foil or a metal powder is fixed.
- the structuring of the metal layer takes place by mechanical removal of the regions of the metal foil or of the metal powder which are not connected to the adhesive layer or to the carrier body.
- Such a method is for example in DE-A 101 45 749 described. Disadvantage of this method is that after the application of a conductor layer, a large amount of material must be removed again. In addition, it is not possible with this method to apply an insulating layer.
- Another disadvantage of the already known methods is the slow electroless and / or galvanic metallization.
- the number of particles exposed on the surface which are available as growth nuclei for electroless and / or galvanic metallization, is low. This is u. a. also because the application of, for example, pressure dispersions, the heavy metal particles sink into the matrix material and thus remain only a few metal particles on the surface.
- these inner layers for example, in the production of so-called buried vias or buried vias, for example, must be laboriously drilled and metallized.
- electrical connections between the outer layers and an underlying inner layer the so-called microVias, or small blind holes. These are intricately drilled mechanically or by means of laser beams, introduced photochemically or in the plasma etching process.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method by means of which electrically conductive surfaces in a plurality of planes can be applied simply and cost-effectively to an electrically nonconductive support and which enables a higher interconnect density and the production of flat printed circuit boards.
- the object is achieved by a method for the production of structured and / or full-area, electrically conductive surfaces on an electrically non-conductive carrier, which comprises the following steps:
- step a) applying the structured and / or full-surface, electrically conductive surfaces of the second level according to step a),
- a carrier to which the electrically conductive, structured or full-surface surface is applied for example, rigid or flexible carrier are suitable.
- the carrier is not electrically conductive. This means that the specific resistance is more than 10 9 ohm x cm.
- Suitable carriers are, for example, reinforced or unreinforced polymers, as are commonly used for printed circuit boards. Suitable polymers are epoxy resins or modified epoxy resins, for example bifunctional or polyfunctional - A -
- Ie bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins epoxy novolac resins, brominated epoxy resins, aramid-reinforced or glass-fiber reinforced or paper-reinforced epoxy resins (for example FR4), glass fiber reinforced plastics, liquid cristal polymers (LCP), polyphenylene sulfides (PPS), polyoxymethylenes (POM) , Polyaryletherketones (PAEK), polyetheretherketones (PEEK), polyamides (PA), polycarbonates (PC), polybutylene terephthalates (PBT), polyethylene terephthalates (PET), polyimides (PI), polyimide resins, cyanate esters, bismaleimide-triazine resins, nylon, Vinyl ester resins, polyesters, polyester resins, polyamides, polyanilines, phenolic resins, polypyrroles, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polymethylmethacrylate, polyethylenedioxythiophenes, phenolic resin-coated ara
- suitable substrates composites, foam-like polymers, polystyrene ®, styrodur ®, polyurethanes (PU), ceramic surfaces, textiles, paperboard, cardboard, paper, polymer coated paper, wood, mineral materials, silicon, glass, plant communities tissues and animal tissues.
- the carrier can be both rigid and flexible.
- the structured or full-surface, electrically conductive surface of the first level is applied, for example, by first applying a base layer with a dispersion containing electrically conductive particles and at least partially drying and / or hardening, then subsequently at least partially exposing the particles exposed and then provided by electroless and / or galvanic coating with a metal layer.
- the structured or full-surface base layer with a dispersion containing electrically conductive particles in a matrix material is applied to the support. wear.
- the electrically conductive particles may be particles of any desired geometry made of any electrically conductive material, mixtures of different electrically conductive materials or mixtures of electrically conductive and non-conductive materials.
- Suitable electrically conductive materials are, for example, carbon such as carbon black, graphite or carbon nanotubes, electrically conductive metal complexes, conductive organic compounds or conductive polymers or metals, preferably zinc, nickel, copper, tin, cobalt, manganese, iron, magnesium, lead, chromium , Bismuth, silver, gold, aluminum, titanium, palladium, platinum, tantalum and alloys thereof, or metal mixtures containing at least one of these metals.
- suitable alloys are CuZn, CuSn, CuNi, SnPb, SnBi, SnCo, NiPb, ZnFe, ZnNi, ZnCo and ZnMn.
- Particularly preferred are aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, zinc, tin, carbon and mixtures thereof.
- the electrically conductive particles have an average particle diameter of 0.001 to 100 .mu.m, preferably from 0.005 to 50 .mu.m and particularly preferably from 0.01 to 10 .mu.m.
- the average particle diameter can be determined by means of laser diffraction measurement, for example on a Microtrac X100 device.
- the distribution of the particle diameter depends on their production method. Typically, the diameter distribution has only one maximum, but several maxima are also possible.
- the surface of the electrically conductive particle can be provided at least partially with a coating ("coating").
- Suitable coatings may be inorganic (for example SiC> 2 , phosphates) or organic in nature.
- the electrically conductive particle may also be coated with a metal or metal oxide.
- the metal may be in partially oxidized form.
- the electrically conductive particles can be formed by mixing these metals. It is particularly preferred if the metals are selected from the group consisting of aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, zinc and tin.
- the electrically conductive particles may also include a first metal and a second metal, the second metal being in the form of an alloy (with the first metal or one or more other metals), or the electrically conductive particles containing two different alloys.
- the shape of the electrically conductive particles has an influence on the properties of the dispersion after a coating.
- the shape of the electrically conductive particles may be, for example, acicular, cylindrical, plate-shaped, tubular or spherical. These particle shapes represent idealized shapes, whereby the actual shape, for example as a result of the production, may deviate more or less strongly therefrom.
- drop-shaped particles in the context of the present invention are a real deviation of the idealized spherical shape.
- Electrically conductive particles having various particle shapes are commercially available.
- the individual mixing partners can also have different particle shapes and / or particle sizes. It is also possible to use mixtures of only one type of electrically conductive particles having different particle sizes and / or particle shapes. In the case of different particle shapes and / or particle sizes, the metals aluminum, iron, copper, nickel, zinc and tin as well as carbon are likewise preferred.
- the electrically conductive particles in the form of their powders can be added to the dispersion.
- Such powders for example metal powders
- metal powders are common commercial products or can be easily prepared by known methods, such as by electrolytic deposition or chemical reduction from solutions of metal salts or by reduction of an oxidic powder, for example by hydrogen, by spraying or atomizing a molten metal, especially in cooling media , for example, gases or water. Preference is given to the gas and water atomization and the reduction of metal oxides.
- Metal powders of the preferred grain size can also be made by grinding coarser metal powders. For this purpose, for example, a ball mill is suitable.
- the carbonyl iron powder process for producing carbonyl iron powder is preferred. This is done by thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. This is described, for example, in Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 5th Edition, Vol. A14, page 599.
- the decomposition of the iron pentacarbonyl can be carried out, for example, at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures in a heatable decomposer comprising a tube made of a refractory material such as quartz glass or V2A steel in a preferably vertical position, that of a heating device, for example comprising heating baths, heating wires or from a heating medium through which flows through a heating jacket.
- Platelet-shaped electrically conductive particles can be controlled by optimized conditions in the production process or subsequently obtained by mechanical treatment, for example by treatment in a stirred ball mill.
- the proportion of electrically conductive particles in the range of 20 to 98 wt .-%.
- a preferred range of the proportion of the electrically conductive particles is from 30 to 95% by weight, based on the total weight of the dried coating.
- Suitable matrix materials are, for example, binders with pigment-affine anchoring group, natural and synthetic polymers and their derivatives, natural resins and synthetic resins and their derivatives, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, proteins, cellulose derivatives, drying and non-drying oils and the like. These can, but do not have to be, chemically or physically curing, for example air-hardening, radiation-curing or temperature-curing.
- the matrix material is a polymer or polymer mixture.
- Preferred polymers as the matrix material are ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene); ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate); acrylated acrylates; alkyd resins; Alkylvinylacetate; Alkylene vinyl acetate copolymers, especially methylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, butylene vinyl acetate; Alkylenvinylchlorid copolymers; amino resins; Aldehyde and ketone resins; Cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular hydroxyalkylcellulose, cellulose esters, such as acetates, propionates, butyrates, carboxyalkylcelluloses, cellulose nitrate; epoxy acrylates; epoxy resins; modified epoxy resins, for example bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolac resins, brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, gly
- Particularly preferred polymers as matrix material are acrylates, acrylate resins, cellulose derivatives, methacrylates, methacrylate resins, melamine and amino resins, polyalkylenes, polyimides, epoxy resins, modified epoxy resins, for example bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolaks.
- Resins brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl ethers, vinyl ethers, and phenolic resins, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyvinyl acetals, polyvinyl acetates, polystyrenes, polystyrene copolymers, polystyrene acrylates, styrene-butadiene block copolymers, alkylene vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride copolymers, polyamides and their copolymers.
- the matrix material for the dispersion is preferably thermally or radiation-curing resins, for example modified epoxy resins, such as bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolac resins, brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl ethers, cyanate esters, vinyl ethers, phenolic resins, polyimides, melamine resins and amino resins, polyurethanes, polyesters and cellulose derivatives.
- modified epoxy resins such as bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolac resins, brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl ethers, cyanate esters, vinyl ethers, phenolic resins, polyimides, melamine resins and amino resins, polyurethanes, polyesters and cellulose derivatives.
- the proportion of the organic binder component is from 0.01 to 60% by weight.
- the proportion is 0.1 to 45 wt .-%, more preferably 0.5 to 35 wt .-%.
- the dispersion may furthermore be admixed with a solvent or a solvent mixture in order to adjust the viscosity of the dispersion which is suitable for the respective application method.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (for example n-octane, cyclohexane, toluene, XyIoI), alcohols (for example, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, amyl alcohol), polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, alkyl esters (for example, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate , Butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, 3-methylbutanol), alkoxy alcohols (for example methoxypropanol, methoxybutanol, ethoxypropanol), alkylbenzenes (for example ethylbenzene, isopropylbenzene), buty
- Preferred solvents are alcohols (for example ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol), alkoxyalcohols (for example methoxypropanol, ethoxypropanol, butylglycol, butyldiglycol), butyrolactone, diglycol dialkyl ethers, diglycol monoalkyl ethers, dipropylene glycol dialkyl ethers, dipropylene glycol monoalkyl ethers, esters (for example ethyl acetate , Butyl acetate, butyl glycol acetate, butyl diglycol acetate, diglycol alkyl ether acetates, dipropylene glycol alkyl ethers, DBE), ethers (for example tetrahydrofuran), polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, ketones (for example acetone,
- alkoxy alcohols for example ethoxypropanol, butylglycol, butyldiglycol
- polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, esters (for example butyldiglycol acetate, butylglycol acetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetates), water, cyclohexanone, butyrolactone, N-methyl-pyrrolidone, DBE and mixtures thereof as solvent are particularly preferred.
- liquid matrix materials for example liquid epoxy resins, acrylate esters
- the dispersion may further contain a dispersant component. This consists of one or more dispersants.
- dispersants known to the person skilled in the art for use in dispersions and described in the prior art are suitable.
- Preferred dispersants are surfactants or surfactant mixtures, for example anionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic surfactants.
- anionic surfactants are alkali metal salts of organic carboxylic acids having chain lengths of 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms. These are in the
- soaps Generally referred to as soaps. Usually they are called sodium, potassium or
- alkyl sulfates and alkyl or alkylaryl sulfonates having 8 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms can be used as anionic surfactants.
- Particularly suitable compounds are alkali dodecyl sulfates, for example sodium dodecyl sulfate or potassium dodecyl sulfate, and alkali metal salts of C 2 -C 6 -
- Paraffin sulfonic acids Furthermore, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium dioctylsulfonosuccinate are suitable.
- Suitable cationic surfactants are salts of amines or diamines, quaternary ammonium salts, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and salts of long chain substituted cyclic amines, such as pyridine, morpholine, piperidine.
- quaternary ammonium salts such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, are used by trialkylamines.
- the alkyl radicals preferably have 1 to 20 carbon atoms therein.
- nonionic surfactants can be used as the dispersant component.
- Nonionic surfactants are described, for example, in CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon - Version 1.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995, keyword "nonionic surfactants”.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants are, for example, polyethylene oxide or polypropylene oxide-based substances, such as Pluronic® or Tetronic® from BASF Aktiengesellschaft.
- Polyalkylene glycols suitable as nonionic surfactants generally have a number average molecular weight M n in the range from 1000 to 15000 g / mol, preferably 2000 to 13000 g / mol, particularly preferably 4000 to 1000 g / mol.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants are polyethylene glycols.
- the polyalkylene glycols are known per se or can be prepared by processes known per se, for example by anionic polymerization with alkali hydroxides, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, or alkali metal alkoxides, such as sodium, sodium or potassium or potassium isopropoxide, as catalysts and with the addition of at least one starter molecule, the 2 to 8, preferably 2 to 6, containing bonded reactive hydrogen atoms, or by cationic polymerization with Lewis acids, such as antimony pentachloride, boron fluoride etherate or bleaching earth, as catalysts of one or more alkylene with 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkylene radical ,
- alkali hydroxides such as sodium or potassium hydroxide
- alkali metal alkoxides such as sodium, sodium or potassium or potassium isopropoxide
- Lewis acids such as antimony pentachloride, boron fluoride etherate or bleaching earth
- Suitable alkylene oxides are, for example, tetrahydrofuran, 1, 2 or 2,3-butylene oxide, styrene oxide and preferably ethylene oxide and / or 1, 2-propylene oxide.
- the alkylene oxides can be used individually, alternately in succession or as mixtures.
- Suitable starter molecules are, for example: water, organic dicarboxylic acids, such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid or terephthalic acid, aliphatic or aromatic, optionally N-mono-, N, N- or N, N'-dialkyl-substituted diamines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, such as optionally mono- and dialkyl-substituted ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, 1, 3-propylenediamine, 1, 3 or 1, 4-butylenediamine, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4- , 1, 5 or 1,6-hexamethylenediamine.
- organic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, phthalic acid or terephthalic acid, aliphatic or aromatic, optionally N-mono-, N, N- or N, N'-dialkyl-substituted diamines having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the
- alkanolamines for example ethanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethylethanolamine
- dialkanolamines for example diethanolamine, N-methyl- and N-ethyldiethanolamine
- trialkanolamines for example triethanolamine, and ammonia.
- polyhydric, in particular dihydric, trihydric or higher alcohols such as ethanediol, propanediol 1, 2 and 1, 3, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butanediol 1, 4, hexanediol 1, 6, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and sucrose, sorbitol and sorbitol.
- dihydric, trihydric or higher alcohols such as ethanediol, propanediol 1, 2 and 1, 3, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butanediol 1, 4, hexanediol 1, 6, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, and sucrose, sorbitol and sorbitol.
- esterified polyalkylene glycols for example the mono-, di-, tri- or polyesters of the polyalkylene glycols mentioned, which are obtained by reaction of the terminal OH groups of said polyalkylene glycols with organic acids, preferably adipic acid or terephthalic acid, in per se can be produced in a known manner.
- Nonionic surfactants are substances produced by alkoxylation of compounds with active hydrogen atoms, for example addition products of alkylene oxide onto fatty alcohols, oxo alcohols or alkylphenols.
- ethylene oxide or 1,2-propylene oxide can be used for the alkoxylation.
- nonionic surfactants are alkoxylated or non-alkoxylated sugar esters or sugar ethers.
- Sugar ethers are alkylglycosides obtained by reaction of fatty alcohols with sugars.
- Sugar esters are obtained by reacting sugars with fatty acids. The sugar, fatty alcohols and fatty acids necessary for the preparation of the substances mentioned are known to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable sugars are described for example in Beyer / Walter, textbook of organic chemistry, S. Hirzel Verlag Stuttgart, 19th edition, 1981, pages 392 to 425. Possible sugars are D-sorbitol and the sorbitan obtained by dehydration of D-sorbitol.
- Suitable fatty acids are saturated or mono- or polyunsaturated unbranched or branched carboxylic acids having 6 to 26, preferably 8 to 22, particularly preferably 10 to 20 C atoms, as described, for example, in CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon, Version 1.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995, keyword "fatty acids" are called.
- Conceivable are fatty acids, such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.
- Suitable fatty alcohols have the same carbon skeleton as the compounds described as suitable fatty acids.
- sugar ethers, sugar esters and the processes for their preparation are known in the art.
- Preferred sugar ethers are prepared by known processes by reacting the said sugars with the stated fatty alcohols.
- Preferred sugar esters are prepared by known processes by reacting the said sugars with said fatty acids.
- Suitable sugar esters are mono-, di- and triesters of sorbitans with fatty acids, in particular sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan dilaurate, sorbitan trilaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan dioleate, sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan palmitate, sorbitan tripalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan distearate, sorbitan tristearate and sorbitan sesquioleate, a mixture of sorbitan mono - and diesters of oleic acid.
- Possible dispersants are thus alkoxylated sugar ethers and sugar esters, which are obtained by alkoxylation of said sugar ethers and sugar esters.
- Preferred alkoxylating agents are ethylene oxide and 1,2-propylene oxide.
- the degree of alkoxylation is generally between 1 and 20, preferably 2 and 10, more preferably 2 and 6.
- polysorbates which are obtained by ethoxylation of the sorbitan esters described above, for example described in CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon - Version 1.0, Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995, keyword "Polysorbate”.
- Suitable polysorbates are polyethoxysorbitan, stearate, palmitate, tri-stearate, oleate, trioleate, in particular polyethoxysorbitan, which is available for example as Tween ® 60, the ICI Amer- rica Inc. (described for example in CD Römpp Chemie Lexikon - Version 1.0 , Stuttgart / New York: Georg Thieme Verlag 1995, keyword "Tween ® ").
- the dispersant may be used in the range of 0.01 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the dispersion.
- the proportion is preferably 0.1 to 25% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 10% by weight.
- the dispersion of the invention may contain a filler component.
- This can consist of one or more fillers.
- the filler component of the metallizable composition may contain fibrous, layered or particulate fillers or mixtures thereof. These are preferably commercially available products, such as carbon and mineral fillers.
- fillers or reinforcing materials such as glass powder, mineral fibers, whiskers, aluminum hydroxide, metal oxides such as aluminum oxide or iron oxide, mica, quartz powder, calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide or wollastonite can be used.
- thixotropic agents for example silicic acid, silicates, such as aerosils or bentonites, or organic thixotropic agents and thickeners, such as polyacrylic acid, polyurethanes, hydrogenated castor oil, dyes, fatty acids, fatty acid amides, plasticizers, wetting agents, defoamers, lubricants , Driers, crosslinkers, photoinitiators, complexing agents, waxes, pigments, conductive polymer particles, can be used.
- the proportion of the filler component based on the total weight of the dry coating is preferably 0.01 to 50 wt .-%. Further preferred are 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 0.3 to 20 wt .-%.
- processing aids and stabilizers such as UV stabilizers, lubricants, corrosion inhibitors and flame retardants can be present in the dispersion according to the invention.
- their proportion based on the total weight of the dispersion 0.01 to 5 wt .-%.
- the proportion is 0.05 to 3 wt .-%.
- the particles are for the most part within the matrix, so that no continuous electrically conductive Surface was created.
- the matrix material can be cured chemically, for example by polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation of the matrix material, for example by UV radiation, electron radiation, microwave radiation, IR radiation or temperature, or by purely physical means by evaporation of the solvent are dried. A combination of drying by physical and chemical means is possible.
- the electrically conductive particles contained in the dispersion are at least partially exposed according to the invention in order to obtain already electrically conductive nuclei at which the metal ions can be deposited to form a metal layer during the subsequent electroless and / or galvanic metallization. If the particles consist of materials which oxidize easily, it may additionally be necessary to at least partially remove the oxide layer beforehand. Depending on the implementation of the method, for example, when using acidic electrolyte solutions, the removal of the oxide layer can be take place simultaneously with the onset of metallization, without an additional process step is required.
- One advantage that particles have to release before electroless and / or galvanic metallization is that the exposure of the particles must result in an approximately 5 to 10% by weight reduction in the amount of electrically conductive particles in the coating in order to form a continuous one get electrically conductive surface, as is the case when the particles are not exposed. Further advantages are the homogeneity and consistency of the coatings produced and the high process reliability.
- the exposure of the electrically conductive particles can be done either mechanically, for example by brushing, grinding, milling, sandblasting or irradiation with supercritical carbon dioxide, physically, for example by heating, laser, UV light, corona or plasma discharge, or chemically.
- a chemical exposure it is preferable to use a chemical or chemical mixture suitable for the matrix material.
- the matrix material can be at least partially dissolved and washed down by a solvent on the surface, or the chemical structure of the matrix material can be at least partially destroyed by means of suitable reagents, whereby the electrically conductive particles are exposed. Reagents that swell the matrix material are also suitable for exposing the electrically conductive particles.
- the swelling results in cavities into which the metal ions to be deposited can penetrate from the electrolyte solution, whereby a larger number of electrically conductive particles can be metallized.
- the adhesion, the homogeneity and the uniformity of the subsequently electrolessly and / or electrodeposited metal layer are significantly better than in the processes described in the prior art. Due to the higher number of exposed electrically conductive particles, the process speed in the metallization is also significantly higher, whereby additional cost advantages can be achieved.
- the exposure of the electroconductive particles is preferably carried out with an oxidizing agent.
- the oxidizing agent breaks up bonds in the matrix material, which allows the binder to be peeled off and thereby expose the particles.
- Suitable oxidizing agents are, for example, manganates, for example potassium permanganate, potassium manganate, sodium permanganate, sodium manganate, Hydrogen peroxide, oxygen, oxygen in the presence of catalysts such as manganese, molybdenum, bismuth, tungsten and cobalt salts, ozone, vanadium pentoxide, selenium dioxide, ammonium polysulfide solution, sulfur in the presence of ammonia or amines, manganese dioxide, potassium ferrate, dichromate / Sulfuric acid, chromic acid in sulfuric acid or in acetic acid or in acetic anhydride, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, pyridinium dichromate, chromic acid-pyridine complex, chromic anhydride, chromium (VI) oxide, periodic acid, lead tetraacetate, quinone, methylquinone, anthraquinone, bromine, Chlorine, fluorine,
- manganates for example potassium permanganate, potassium manganate, sodium permanganate, sodium manganate; Hydrogen peroxide, N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, percarbonates, for example sodium or potassium percarbonate, perborates, for example sodium or potassium perborate; Persulfates, for example sodium or potassium persulfate; Sodium, potassium and ammonium peroxodis and monosulphates, sodium hypochlorite, urea-hydrogen peroxide adducts, salts of oxohalogenic acids, such as chlorates or bromates or iodates, salts of halogenated acids, such as sodium periodate or sodium perchlorate, tetrabutylammonium peroxydisulfate, quinones, iron (III) salt solutions, vanadium pentoxide, pyridinium dichromate, hydrochloric acid, bromine, chlorine, dichromate.
- potassium permanganate potassium manganate, sodium permanganate, sodium manganate, hydrogen peroxide and its adducts, perborates, percarbonates, persulfates, peroxodisulfates, sodium hypochlorite and perchlorates.
- ester structures such as polyester resins, polyester acrylates, polyether acrylates, polyester urethanes
- acidic or alkaline chemicals and / or chemical mixtures are, for example, concentrated or dilute acids, such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
- organic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid
- Suitable alkaline chemicals and / or chemical mixtures are, for example, bases, such as sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide or carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
- bases such as sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, ammonium hydroxide or carbonates, for example sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
- the temperature may be increased during the process.
- Solvents can also be used to expose the electrically conductive particles in the matrix material.
- the solvent must be matched to the matrix material as the matrix material must dissolve in the solvent or swell through the solvent. If a solvent is used in which the matrix material dissolves, the base layer is only brought into contact with the solvent for a short time, so that the upper layer of the matrix material is dissolved and thereby becomes detached.
- all abovementioned solvents can be used.
- Preferred solvents are xylene, toluene, halogenated hydrocarbons, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
- MEK methyl ethyl ketone
- MIBK methyl isobutyl ketone
- diethylene glycol monobutyl ether diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
- the temperature during the dissolution process can be increased.
- Suitable mechanical methods include, for example, brushing, grinding, abrasive polishing, or jet blasting, blasting, or supercritical carbon dioxide blasting.
- a suitable abrasive is, for example, pumice.
- the water jet preferably contains small solid particles, for example pumice flour (Al 2 O 3 ) having an average particle size distribution of 40 to 120 ⁇ m, preferably 60 to 80 ⁇ m, or quartz flour (SiO 2 ) with a particle size> 3 ⁇ m.
- pumice flour Al 2 O 3
- quartz flour SiO 2
- the removal of the oxide layer can take place, for example, chemically and / or mechanically.
- Suitable substances with which the base layer can be treated to chemically remove an oxide layer from the electrically conductive particles are, for example, acids such as concentrated or dilute sulfuric acid or concentrated or dilute hydrochloric acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid, formic acid, acetic acid.
- Suitable mechanical methods for removing the oxide layer from the electrically conductive particles are generally the same as the mechanical methods of exposing the particles.
- the dispersion which is applied to the support adheres firmly to the support, in a preferred embodiment it is cleaned before the application of the structured or full-surface base layer by a dry process, a wet-chemical process and / or a mechanical process.
- a wet-chemical process is particularly suitable rinsing the carrier with acidic or alkaline reagents or with suitable solvents. Also water in conjunction with ultrasound can be used.
- Suitable acidic or alkaline reagents are, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, phosphoric acid or sodium hydroxide solution, caustic lye or carbonates, such as potassium carbonate.
- Suitable solvents are the same as they may be included in the dispersion for applying the base layer. Preferred solvents are alcohols, ketones and hydrocarbons, which are to be selected depending on the carrier material. Also, the oxidizing agents that have already been mentioned in the activation, can be used. Mechanical methods of cleaning the substrate prior to applying the patterned or full-surface base layer are generally the same as they can be used to expose the electrically conductive particles and remove the oxide layer of the particles.
- dry cleaning methods are, for example, dedusting by means of brushes and / or deionized air, corona discharge or low-pressure plasma and the particle removal by means of rollers and / or rollers, which are provided with an adhesive layer.
- the surface tension of the substrate is selectably increased, the substrate surface is cleaned of organic residues and thus improves both the wetting with the dispersion and the adhesion of the dispersion.
- the structured and / or full-surface base layer is printed with the dispersion by any printing process on the support.
- the printing method by which the base layer is printed is, for example, a roll or sheet printing method such as screen printing, gravure printing, flexographic printing, letterpress printing, pad printing, ink jet printing, the Lasersonic method ® as described in DE10051850 or offset printing.
- any further printing method known to the person skilled in the art can also be used.
- Such coating methods are, for example, casting, brushing, knife coating, brushing, spraying, dipping, rolling, powdering, fluidized bed or the like.
- the layer thickness of the structured or full surface area produced by the printing or the coating method preferably varies between 0.01 and 50 ⁇ m, more preferably between 0.05 and 25 ⁇ m and particularly preferably between 0.1 and 15 ⁇ m.
- the layers can be applied both over the entire surface as well as structured.
- the dispersion is stirred or pumped in a storage container prior to application to the carrier.
- stirring and / or pumping a possible sedimentation of the particles contained in the dispersion is prevented.
- the dispersion is heated in the reservoir. This makes it possible to achieve an improved printed image of the base layer on the carrier, since a constant viscosity can be set by the tempering.
- the temperature control is particularly necessary when the dispersion is heated, for example, by the stirring and / or pumping due to the energy input of the stirrer or the pump and thereby changes the viscosity thereof.
- digital printing processes for example inkjet printing, LaserSonic®, are particularly suitable in the case of a print application. These processes generally eliminate the cost of producing stencils, such as printing rolls or screens, as well as their constant change when several different structures need to be printed one behind the other. With digital printing, you can immediately switch to a new design without the need for retooling or downtime.
- the dispersion in the case of application of the dispersion by means of the inkjet method, preference is given to using electrically conductive particles having a maximum size of 15 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m, in order to prevent clogging of the inkjet nozzles.
- the dispersion can be pumped by means of a pumped circulation, so that the particles do not settle.
- the system can be heated to adjust the viscosity of the dispersion verdruckbar.
- the carrier with an electrically conductive structured or full-surface base layer on its top and bottom sides.
- the structured or full-surface electrically conductive base layers on the top side and the underside of the carrier can be electrically connected to one another.
- a wall of a bore in the carrier is provided with an electrically conductive surface.
- a sufficiently thin carrier it is not necessary to coat the wall of the bore with the dispersion, as in the electroless and / or electroplating with a sufficiently long coating time also within the hole forms a metal layer by the top and Grow together underside of the carrier into the bore growing metal layers, whereby the electrical connection of the electrically conductive structured or full-surface surfaces of the top and bottom of the carrier is formed.
- Base layer is applied to the carrier, at least partially hardens after application.
- light UVA / is
- radiation for example infrared radiation, electron radiation, gamma radiation, X-radiation, microwaves.
- a suitable activator must be added to trigger the curing reaction.
- Curing can also be achieved by combining various processes, for example by combining UV radiation and heat. The combination of the curing processes can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially.
- UV radiation can initially only harden the layer so that the formed structures no longer flow apart. Thereafter, the layer can be cured by exposure to heat.
- the action of heat can take place directly after the UV curing and / or after the galvanic metallization.
- the electrically conductive particles are at least partially exposed.
- at least one metal layer is formed on the structured or full-surface base layer by electroless and / or galvanic coating.
- the coating can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art. Also, any conventional metal coating can be applied by the method of coating.
- the composition of the electrolyte solution used for the coating depends on which metal the electrically conductive structures are to be coated on the substrate.
- all metals which are nobler or equally noble as the most noble metal of the dispersion can be used for electroless and / or electroplating.
- Typical metals which are deposited by electroplating on electrically conductive surfaces are, for example, gold, nickel, palladium, platinum, silver, tin, copper or chromium.
- the thicknesses of the one or more deposited layers are within the usual range known to the person skilled in the art and are not essential to the invention.
- Suitable electrolyte solutions that can be used to coat electrically conductive structures are those skilled in the art, for example, Werner Jillek, Gustl Kepler, Manual of printed circuit board technology. Eugen G. Leuze Verlag, 2003, Volume 4, pages 332-352 known.
- the carrier For coating the electrically conductive structured or full surface on the carrier, the carrier is first supplied to the bath with the electrolyte solution. The carrier is then conveyed through the bath, wherein the electrically conductive particles contained in the previously applied structured or full-surface base layer are contacted with at least one cathode. In this case, any customary knew, suitable cathode used. As long as the cathode contacts the structured or solid surface, metal ions are deposited from the electrolyte solution to form a metal layer on the surface.
- a suitable device in which the structured or full-surface electrically conductive base layer is galvanically coated, generally comprises at least one bath, one anode and one cathode, wherein the bath contains an electrolyte solution containing at least one metal salt. From the electrolytic solution, metal ions are deposited on electrically conductive surfaces of the substrate to form a metal layer.
- the at least one cathode is for this purpose brought into contact with the base layer of the substrate to be coated, while the substrate is conveyed through the bath.
- electroplating processes for galvanic coating, all electroplating processes known to those skilled in the art are suitable. Such electroplating processes are, for example, those in which the cathode is formed by one or more rollers which contact the material to be coated.
- the cathodes can also be designed in the form of segmented rolls, in which in each case at least the segment of the roll, which is in communication with the substrate to be coated, is connected cathodically. In order to remove metal deposited on the roll, it is possible for segmented rolls to anodize the segments which do not contact the base layer to be coated, thereby depositing the metal deposited thereon back into the electrolyte solution.
- the at least one cathode comprises at least one band with at least one electrically conductive portion, which is guided around at least two rotatable shafts.
- the waves are carried out with a suitable, matched to the respective substrate cross-section.
- the waves are cylindrically shaped and may for example be provided with grooves in which the at least one band runs.
- the shaft is designed such that the current is transmitted from the surface of the shaft to the band. If the shafts are provided with grooves in which the at least one belt runs, the substrate can be contacted simultaneously via the shafts and the belt.
- the grooves can be electrically conductive and the regions of the waves between the grooves can be made of an insulating material in order to avoid that the substrate is also electrically contacted via the waves.
- the power supply of the waves takes place for example via slip rings, but it can also be used any other suitable device with which power can be transmitted to rotating shafts.
- the cathode comprises at least one band with at least one electrically conductive section, substrates with short electrically conductive structures, especially in the transport direction of the substrate, can also be provided with a sufficiently thick coating. This is possible because, as a result of the design of the cathode as a band, even short electrically conductive structures are in contact with the cathode for a longer time.
- At least two bands are arranged offset one behind the other.
- the arrangement is generally such that the second band, which is arranged offset behind the first band, contacts the electrically conductive structure in the region on which the metal was deposited during the contacting with the first band.
- a greater thickness of the coating can be achieved by designing more than two bands in succession.
- a shorter construction, seen in the direction of transport, can be achieved in that successive, staggered bands are guided over at least one common shaft.
- the at least one band can, for example, also have a network structure so that only small areas of the electrically conductive structures to be coated on the substrate are covered by the band.
- the coating takes place in each case in the holes of the network.
- the bands are formed in the form of a network structure, at least two bands arranged one behind the other.
- the at least one band comprises alternating conductive and non-conductive sections.
- the regions of the ribbon which are in contact with the coated substrate are switched cathodically, and the regions of the ribbon which are not in contact with the substrate become anodic.
- the advantage of this circuit is that metal which deposits on the tape during the cathodic circuit of the tape is removed during the anodic circuit.
- the anodically connected region is preferably se longer or at least as long as the cathodically connected area.
- this can be achieved by virtue of the fact that the anodically connected shaft has a larger diameter than the cathodically connected shaft; on the other hand, it is also possible to provide at least the same or smaller diameter of the anodically connected shafts, at least as many as cathodically connected shafts Distance of the cathodically connected waves and the distance of the anodically connected waves is preferably the same size.
- the cathode may comprise at least two disks rotatably mounted on one shaft in each case instead of the belts, the disks meshing with one another.
- This also makes it possible that short electrically conductive structures, especially in the transport direction of the substrate, can be provided with a sufficiently thick and homogeneous coating.
- the disks are generally designed in a cross-section adapted to the respective substrate.
- the disks preferably have a circular cross section.
- the shafts are cylindrical.
- the distance between two disks on a shaft corresponds at least to the width of a disk. This makes it possible that in the distance between two discs on a shaft, a disc can engage another shaft.
- the power supply of the discs takes place for example via the shaft.
- This connection is generally made via a slip ring.
- any other connection is possible with which a voltage transfer from a stationary voltage source is transmitted to a rotating element.
- sliding contacts such as brushes, may be in contact with the contact disks on the side facing away from the substrate.
- the shafts and the disks are preferably made at least in part from an electrically conductive material.
- an electrically conductive material it is also possible to remove the waves from an electrically insulated producing material and to provide the power supply to the individual panes, for example, by electrical conductors, such as wires. In this case, then the individual wires are each connected to the contact discs, so that the contact discs are supplied with voltage.
- the discs distributed over the circumference individual, electrically isolated from each other sections.
- the sections which are electrically insulated from one another are preferably switchable both cathodically and anodically. This makes it possible for a section which is in contact with the substrate to be switched cathodically, and as soon as it is no longer in contact with the substrate, it is connected in a nodal manner. As a result, deposited metal is removed during the cathodic circuit on the portion during the anodic circuit.
- the voltage supply of the individual segments generally takes place via the shaft.
- the material from which the electrically conductive parts of the disks or the bands are made is preferably an electrically conductive material, which does not pass into the electrolyte solution during operation of the device.
- Suitable materials include metals, coated metals, graphite, conductive polymers such as polythiophene or metal / plastic composites.
- Preferred materials are stainless steel and / or titanium, coated titanium such as iridium, tantalum, ruthenium mixed oxide coated titanium or platinum coated titanium.
- the galvanic coating apparatus may further be provided with a device with which the substrate can be rotated.
- the axis of rotation of the device, with which the substrate can be rotated is perpendicular to the to be coated Surface of the substrate arranged.
- the layer thickness of the metal layer deposited on the electrically conductive structure by the method according to the invention depends on the contact time, which results from the passage speed of the substrate through the device and the number of cathodes positioned behind one another, and the current intensity with which the device is operated.
- a higher contact time can be achieved, for example, by connecting several devices according to the invention in series in at least one bath.
- two rollers or two shafts with the discs mounted thereon or two bands can be arranged so that the substrate to be coated can be passed between them.
- flexible films are to be coated whose length exceeds the length of the bath - so-called endless films, which are initially unwound from a roll, passed through the device for electroplating and then wound up again - this can also be zigzag-shaped, for example or in the form of a meander to several devices for electroplating, which can then be arranged, for example, one above the other or next to each other, are passed through the bath.
- the galvanic coating device may be equipped with any additional device known to those skilled in the art as needed.
- Such ancillary devices include, for example, pumps, filters, chemical feeders, roll-up and roll-down devices, etc.
- the device according to the invention can also be operated, for example, in the pulse method known from Werner Jillek, Gustl Keller, Handbuch der Leiterplattentechnik, Eugen G. Leuze Verlag, Vol. 4, pages 192, 260, 349, 351, 352, 359.
- an insulating layer applied After the application of the structured and / or full-area, electrically conductive surfaces of the first level becomes at the positions at which interconnects of a second electrically conductive surface with the interconnects of the first structured, electrically conductive surface intersect and no contact between the first and the second Surface should arise, an insulating layer applied.
- the application of the insulating layer is preferably carried out by a printing or coating process.
- Suitable printing methods for applying the insulating layer are the same printing methods as described above for printing the first structured and / or full-area surface with the paste containing the electrically conductive particles.
- the insulating layer is printed on the carrier by any printing method. Gravure printing, flexographic printing, offset printing, screen printing, inkjet printing or pad printing are preferred printing methods.
- the ink jet printing method is suitable for the production of fine structures, such as for the production of printed circuit boards.
- Suitable materials for the insulating layer are, for example, binders having a pigmentary anchor group, natural and synthetic polymers and their derivatives, natural resins and synthetic resins and their derivatives, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, proteins, cellulose derivatives, drying and non-drying oils and the like. These can - but need not - be chemically or physically curing, for example air-hardening, radiation-curing or temperature-curing.
- the material for the insulating layer is a polymer or polymer mixture.
- Preferred polymers as the material for the insulating layer are ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene); ASA (acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate); acrylated acrylates; alkyd resins; Alkylvinylacetate; Alkylene vinyl acetate copolymers, in particular methylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, butylene vinyl acetate; Alkylenvinylchlorid copolymers; amino resins; Aldehyde and ketone resins; Cellulose and cellulose derivatives, in particular alkylcellulose, cellulose esters, such as acetates, propionates, butyrates, cellulose ethers, carboxylalkylcelluloses, cellulose nitrate; Epoxy acrylate; epoxy resins; ethylene acrylic acid copolymers; Hydrocarbon resins; MABS (transparent ABS containing methacrylate units); maleic anhydride copolymers; Methacrylates, optionally
- Particularly preferred polymers for the insulating layer are acrylates, acrylate resins, cellulose derivatives, methacrylates, methacrylate resins, melamine and amino resins, polyalkylenes, polyimides, epoxy resins, modified epoxy resins, for example bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolac Resins, brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl ethers, vinyl ethers, and phenolic resins, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyvinyl acetals, polyvinyl acetates, polystyrenes, polystyrene copolymers, polystyrene acrylates, styrene-butadiene block copolymers, alkylene vinyl acetates and vinyl chloride copolymers, polyamides and their copolymers.
- thermally or radiation-curing resins for example, modified epoxy resins such as bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolac resins, brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl ethers, cyanate esters, vinyl ethers, phenolic resins, polyimides, melamine resins and amino resins, polyurethanes, polyesters and cellulose derivatives.
- modified epoxy resins such as bifunctional or polyfunctional bisphenol A or bisphenol F resins, epoxy novolac resins, brominated epoxy resins, cycloaliphatic epoxy resins; aliphatic epoxy resins, glycidyl ethers, cyanate esters, vinyl ethers, phenolic resins, polyimides, melamine resins and amino resins, polyurethanes, polyesters and cellulose derivatives.
- the material for the insulating layer is the same as the matrix material of the first structured, electrically conductive surface.
- the structured and / or full-surface, electrically conductive surface of the second plane is applied in a third step.
- the application of the structured and / or full-surface, electrically conductive surface of second level corresponds to the application of the structured and / or full-surface, electrically conductive surface of the first level.
- the process according to the invention for the production of electrically conductive, structured or full surface surfaces on a support can be operated in a continuous, partially continuous or discontinuous manner. It is also possible that only individual steps of the process are carried out continuously while other steps are carried out discontinuously.
- An advantage of the method according to the invention in the production of printed circuit boards is that with multilayer printed circuit boards a smaller number of inner layers is necessary, since a larger number of printed conductors and wirings can be realized on a defined surface. Since, according to the prior art, the individual layers are laminated together, the number of layers required for laminating is also reduced due to the omission of layers. If, with the method according to the invention, all printed conductors can be applied to a carrier, it is even possible that no laminating step is required at all.
- the method according to the invention also reduces the number of holes in the printed circuit boards which were required for contacting printed conductors in different layers. Depending on the design of the circuit boards, it is even possible that no holes are needed at all. It is also possible that only holes are needed, which serve as mounting holes, but no more holes are needed by which interconnects on several layers are contacted electrically.
- Another advantage is that the amount of insulation material can be reduced.
- an insulating material is applied over the entire area between the individual multilayer inner layers.
- This insulating material is for example glass fabric, resin or prepregs.
- these intermediate layers are completely eliminated, leaving only the carrier as the sole carrier of all circuit levels. By reducing the layers you will continue to get a flatter end product.
- the support can first be produced by a conventional method, for example a resist or etching method.
- the structured and / or conductive surface on the carrier produced by the conventional method can then be further processed subsequently by the method according to the invention.
- the insulating layer is applied and then the application of a conductive printing paste takes place.
- the printing paste is dried and / or cured and then optionally electrolessly and / or electroplated.
- the inventive method allows cost-effective production of printed conductors on electrically non-conductive substrates.
- the method according to the invention is a flexible method, whereby a quick layout change is possible.
- the method according to the invention is suitable, for example, for the production of printed circuit boards.
- printed circuit boards are, for example, those with multilayer inner and outer layers, microvias, chip-on-board, flexible and rigid printed circuit boards and are incorporated, for example, in products such as computers, telephones, televisions, automotive electrical components, keyboards, radios, video, CD, CD-ROM and DVD players, game consoles, measuring and control devices, sensors, electrical kitchen appliances, electric toys, etc.
- electrically conductive structures can be coated on flexible circuit carriers.
- flexible circuit carriers are, for example, plastic films made of the materials mentioned above for the carrier, on which electrically conductive structures are printed.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for the production of RFI D antennas, transponder antennas or other antenna structures, chip card modules, flat cables, seat heaters, foil conductors, printed conductors in solar cells or in LCD or plasma picture screens, capacitors, film capacitors, resistors, convectors or electrical fuses.
- the production of antennas with contacts for organic electronic components as well as coatings on surfaces consisting of electrically non-conductive material for electromagnetic shielding (shielding) is also possible.
- a use is further possible in the field of flowfields of bipolar plates for use in fuel cells.
- the scope of application of the method according to the invention enables a cost-effective production of metallized, even non-conductive substrates, in particular for use as switches and sensors, absorbers for electromagnetic radiation or gas barriers or decorative parts, in particular decorative parts for motor vehicle, sanitary, toy, household and office space and packaging as well as foils. Also in the field of security printing for bills, credit cards, identity papers, etc., the invention may find application. Textiles can be electrically and magnetically functionalized using the method according to the invention (antennas, transmitters, RFID and transponder antennas, sensors, heating elements, anti-static (also for plastics), shielding, etc.).
- Preferred uses of the substrate surface metallized according to the invention are those in which the substrate thus produced is used as a printed circuit board, RFI D antenna, transponder antenna, seat heating, flat cable, foil conductor, conductor tracks in solar cells or in LCD or plasma picture screens, contactless chip card or as a decorative application, for example for packaging materials.
- the substrate can be further processed according to all steps known to those skilled in the art. For example, existing electrolyte residues can be removed from the substrate by rinsing and / or the substrate can be dried.
- the multilayer inner layers produced by the process according to the invention can be processed into multilayer printed circuit boards.
- holes, vias, blind holes, etc. may subsequently be applied and metallized on printed circuit boards with the aim of making a through-connection of the upper and lower printed circuit board sides.
- FIG. 1 shows a 3D representation of a structured, electrically conductive surface of a first layer
- FIG. 2 shows a 3D representation of the structured, electrically conductive surface according to FIG. 1 with an insulating layer
- FIG. 3 shows a 3D representation according to FIG. 2 with an additional electrically conductive
- Figure 4 is a sectional view of two crossing electrically conductive surfaces with intermediate insulating layer.
- FIG. 1 shows by way of example in a 3D representation a section of a carrier 1 on which a structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of a first plane is applied.
- the structured, electrically conductive surface of the first level illustrated here by way of example comprises a conductor track 5 and a contact surface 7, on which the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane can be contacted with a structured, electrically conductive surface of a further plane.
- the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane is preferably applied to the carrier 1 as above.
- the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane is preferably applied to the carrier 1 by initially printing the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 with a paste containing electrically conductive particles in a matrix material, and subsequently at least partially exposing the particles exposed and then provided by electroless and / or galvanic coating with a metal layer.
- an insulating layer 9 is applied. In the embodiment illustrated here, the insulating layer 9 covers a part of the conductor track 5 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 3.
- the insulating layer 9 is attached to a position at which the conductor track 5 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane is crossed by a conductor track of a structured, electrically conductive surface of a further plane.
- the insulating layer 9 is also applied as described above.
- the insulating layer 9 is printed.
- a structured, electrically conductive surface 11 of a second plane is applied.
- the structured, electrically conductive surface 11 of the second level comprises a conductor track 13 and a contact surface 15.
- the conductor track 13 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 11 of the second plane is U-shaped.
- a first leg 17 of the U-shaped conductor track crosses the conductor track 5 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane at the position at which the insulating layer 9 has been applied.
- the second limb 19 ends with the contact surface 15 at the position at which the contact surface 7 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane is located.
- the contact surface 15 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 1 1 of the second plane and the contact surface 7 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane are in contact with one another such that current flows from the structured, electrically conductive via the contact surfaces 7, 15 Surface 3 of the first level to the structured, electrically conductive surface 1 1 of the second level can be transmitted.
- the contact surfaces 7, 15 are preferably formed such that the cross-sectional area of the lower contact surface, here the contact surface 7 of the first plane is greater than the cross-sectional area of the upper contact surface, here the contact surface 15 of the second plane.
- the insulating layer 9 is formed such that it is located between the conductor track 5 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane and the conductor track 13 of the structured, electrically conductive surface 11 of the second plane.
- the structured, electrically conductive surface 11 of the second plane is preferably applied in the same way as the structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of the first plane.
- the first level with a conventional method, for. As etching, apply and the second level with the inventive method.
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a carrier 1, on which a structured, electrically conductive surface 3 of a first plane and a structured, electrically conductive surface 11 of a second plane intersect.
- an insulating layer 9 is formed between the structured, electrically conductive surfaces 3, 11.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Printing Elements For Providing Electric Connections Between Printed Circuits (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0714693-0A BRPI0714693A2 (pt) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-07-31 | processo para a produÇço de superfÍcies eletricamente condutoras estruturadas e/ou de Área total sobre um suporte eletricamente nço- condutor, e, dispositivo |
| JP2009522244A JP2009545868A (ja) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-07-31 | 構造化導電性表面を製造するための方法 |
| EP07788054A EP2050321A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-07-31 | Verfahren zur herstellung von strukturierten, elektrisch leitfähigen oberflächen |
| US12/375,702 US20090321123A1 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-07-31 | Method for producing structured electrically conductive surfaces |
| IL196782A IL196782A0 (en) | 2006-08-03 | 2009-01-29 | Method for producing structured electrically conductive surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06118411 | 2006-08-03 | ||
| EP06118411.5 | 2006-08-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008015201A1 true WO2008015201A1 (de) | 2008-02-07 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2007/057858 Ceased WO2008015201A1 (de) | 2006-08-03 | 2007-07-31 | Verfahren zur herstellung von strukturierten, elektrisch leitfähigen oberflächen |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090321123A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2050321A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2009545868A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20090035019A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101524007A (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0714693A2 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL196782A0 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2394402C1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW200833186A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008015201A1 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8637789B2 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2014-01-28 | Basf Se | Method for producing metallised textile surfaces using electricity-generating or electricity-consuming elements |
| DE102013100708B3 (de) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-05-08 | Billion SAS | Bauteil mit strukturierter Oberfläche und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102011104091B4 (de) * | 2011-06-09 | 2018-02-15 | Technische Universität Dresden | Elektrischer Kontaktaufbau und Verwendung eines elektrischen Kontaktaufbaus |
| EP3075216A4 (de) * | 2013-11-29 | 2018-04-18 | Michael E. Knox | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung von leiterplatten und bauteilbefestigung |
| US10548231B2 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2020-01-28 | Botfactory Inc. | Apparatus for depositing conductive and nonconductive material to form a printed circuit |
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| US20100066779A1 (en) | 2006-11-28 | 2010-03-18 | Hanan Gothait | Method and system for nozzle compensation in non-contact material deposition |
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| KR20110014996A (ko) * | 2008-05-08 | 2011-02-14 | 바스프 에스이 | 탄화규소 층을 포함하는 층상 구조물, 이의 제조 방법 및 용도 |
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| JP2012527346A (ja) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-11-08 | エックスジェット・リミテッド | 加熱基板に印刷するための方法及び装置 |
| KR101899604B1 (ko) | 2010-05-02 | 2018-09-17 | 엑스제트 엘티디. | 자체-퍼지, 침전물 방지 및 연기 제거 장치를 구비한 프린팅 시스템 |
| US10479122B2 (en) | 2010-07-22 | 2019-11-19 | Xjet Ltd. | Printing head nozzle evaluation |
| KR102000098B1 (ko) | 2010-10-18 | 2019-07-15 | 엑스제트 엘티디. | 잉크젯 헤드 저장 및 청소 |
| TWI419095B (zh) | 2010-10-25 | 2013-12-11 | Au Optronics Corp | 顯示器 |
| JP5825897B2 (ja) * | 2011-07-20 | 2015-12-02 | 新日鉄住金マテリアルズ株式会社 | 絶縁膜被覆金属箔 |
| KR101478301B1 (ko) * | 2011-08-30 | 2014-12-31 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고분자 수지 조성물, 폴리이미드 수지 필름, 폴리이미드 수지 필름의 제조 방법, 금속 적층체 및 회로 기판 |
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| US20130161083A1 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-27 | Tyco Electronics Corporation | Printed circuit boards and methods of manufacturing printed circuit boards |
| KR101373623B1 (ko) * | 2012-07-19 | 2014-03-13 | 전자부품연구원 | 다층구조의 회로를 포함하는 직물 및 그 제조방법 |
| CN102941420A (zh) * | 2012-11-15 | 2013-02-27 | 重庆大学 | 高活性环保低银Sn-Ag-Cu系无铅无卤素锡膏 |
| WO2014123501A1 (ru) * | 2013-02-11 | 2014-08-14 | Prokopenko Artem Stanislavovich | Листовой нагревательный резистивный элемент, способ его изготовления и обогреватель из него |
| EP3685997A3 (de) | 2013-10-17 | 2020-09-23 | Xjet Ltd. | Trägertinte für dreidimensionales (3d-)drucken |
| KR101739165B1 (ko) | 2013-11-28 | 2017-05-24 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 페이스트 조성물, 이의 제조방법 및 태양광 발전장치 |
| DE102017000744A1 (de) * | 2017-01-27 | 2018-08-02 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines elektronischen oder elektrischen Systems sowie nach dem Verfahren hergestelltes System |
| CN109554916B (zh) * | 2017-09-26 | 2021-03-30 | 中蓝晨光化工研究设计院有限公司 | 一种表面金属化芳纶纤维的制备方法 |
| CN110644023B (zh) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-04-27 | 江苏澳光电子有限公司 | 一种缠绕增强式柱形体电镀工艺及其电镀结构 |
| WO2022040334A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | Enviro Metals, LLC | Metal refinement |
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| GB2186436A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-08-12 | Asahi Chem Res Lab | Making printed circuits |
| EP0322997A2 (de) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Jungpoong Products Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gedruckten Leiterplatten |
| JPH06224529A (ja) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-08-12 | Sony Corp | プリント配線板及びその製造方法 |
| JPH0983133A (ja) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-28 | Daiwa Kogyo:Kk | メッキ層の被着方法 |
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| RU2071646C1 (ru) * | 1992-07-29 | 1997-01-10 | Государственное научно-производственное предприятие "Исток" | Многослойная гибридная интегральная схема свч |
| EP0804061B1 (de) * | 1995-11-10 | 2009-05-13 | Ibiden Co, Ltd. | Mehrschichtige leiterplatte und ihre herstellung |
| RU2187212C2 (ru) * | 1997-05-27 | 2002-08-10 | Дэу Электроникс Ко., Лтд. | Способ изготовления матрицы управляемых тонкопленочных зеркал |
| AU2001273816A1 (en) * | 2000-03-30 | 2001-10-08 | Aurentum Innovationstechnologien Gmbh | Method of printing and corresponding print machine |
| DE10145749A1 (de) * | 2001-09-17 | 2003-04-24 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer strukturierten Metallschicht auf einem Trägerkörper und Trägerkörper mit einer strukturierten Metallschicht |
| FR2834180B1 (fr) * | 2001-12-20 | 2004-03-12 | Org Europeene De Rech | Procede de fabrication d'un module multicouches a circuits imprimes a haute densite |
-
2007
- 2007-07-31 US US12/375,702 patent/US20090321123A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-07-31 RU RU2009107276/09A patent/RU2394402C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-07-31 EP EP07788054A patent/EP2050321A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-31 BR BRPI0714693-0A patent/BRPI0714693A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2007-07-31 JP JP2009522244A patent/JP2009545868A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-31 WO PCT/EP2007/057858 patent/WO2008015201A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-07-31 CN CNA2007800366656A patent/CN101524007A/zh active Pending
- 2007-07-31 KR KR1020097004029A patent/KR20090035019A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-08-03 TW TW096128644A patent/TW200833186A/zh unknown
-
2009
- 2009-01-29 IL IL196782A patent/IL196782A0/en unknown
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2186436A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-08-12 | Asahi Chem Res Lab | Making printed circuits |
| EP0322997A2 (de) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-07-05 | Jungpoong Products Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gedruckten Leiterplatten |
| JPH06224529A (ja) * | 1993-01-22 | 1994-08-12 | Sony Corp | プリント配線板及びその製造方法 |
| JPH0983133A (ja) * | 1995-09-08 | 1997-03-28 | Daiwa Kogyo:Kk | メッキ層の被着方法 |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8637789B2 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2014-01-28 | Basf Se | Method for producing metallised textile surfaces using electricity-generating or electricity-consuming elements |
| DE102011104091B4 (de) * | 2011-06-09 | 2018-02-15 | Technische Universität Dresden | Elektrischer Kontaktaufbau und Verwendung eines elektrischen Kontaktaufbaus |
| DE102013100708B3 (de) * | 2013-01-24 | 2014-05-08 | Billion SAS | Bauteil mit strukturierter Oberfläche und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| EP3075216A4 (de) * | 2013-11-29 | 2018-04-18 | Michael E. Knox | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung von leiterplatten und bauteilbefestigung |
| US10548231B2 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2020-01-28 | Botfactory Inc. | Apparatus for depositing conductive and nonconductive material to form a printed circuit |
| US10779451B2 (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2020-09-15 | BotFactory, Inc. | Apparatus and method for the manufacturing of printed wiring boards on a substrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2009545868A (ja) | 2009-12-24 |
| EP2050321A1 (de) | 2009-04-22 |
| US20090321123A1 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
| RU2394402C1 (ru) | 2010-07-10 |
| IL196782A0 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| BRPI0714693A2 (pt) | 2013-05-14 |
| TW200833186A (en) | 2008-08-01 |
| KR20090035019A (ko) | 2009-04-08 |
| CN101524007A (zh) | 2009-09-02 |
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