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WO2008014696A1 - Méthode et dispositif pour effectuer un transfert de communications - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour effectuer un transfert de communications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008014696A1
WO2008014696A1 PCT/CN2007/070199 CN2007070199W WO2008014696A1 WO 2008014696 A1 WO2008014696 A1 WO 2008014696A1 CN 2007070199 W CN2007070199 W CN 2007070199W WO 2008014696 A1 WO2008014696 A1 WO 2008014696A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
processing unit
message
standby
primary
unit
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2007/070199
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Huaimo Chen
Yuan Yao
Yu Fu
Boyan Tu
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
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Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of WO2008014696A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008014696A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/55—Prevention, detection or correction of errors
    • H04L49/552—Prevention, detection or correction of errors by ensuring the integrity of packets received through redundant connections

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method and apparatus for implementing communication takeover. Background technique
  • High Availability refers to the ability of a product or system to continue to serve customers. It usually passes Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) and Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF). Indicators are identified. MTTR refers to the average time required for a component or device to recover from failure to failure. The broad MTTR involves spare parts management and customer service, which is an important indicator in equipment maintenance contracts. MTBF refers to the failure of a component or equipment. The average running time, which is the time interval that the user can tolerate, usually in hours.
  • the system is generally designed with dual motherboards, one of which is the active main board (AMB) and the other is the backup main board (SMB).
  • the main motherboard runs system software, including routing protocols, routing table management, and so on. All routing protocols and neighbor routers send and receive messages to each other and process them.
  • the routing protocols of the standby motherboard are also started to receive and process packets.
  • the main board backs up data such as the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol to the standby board.
  • OSPF Open Shortest Path First
  • a method for implementing a communication takeover comprising: providing a router having a primary processing unit; connecting a standby processing unit to the router; After the element is connected to the standby processing unit, the network protocol information is sent from the primary processing unit to the standby processing unit to perform link configuration and link with the primary processing unit in the standby processing unit. Synchronization of protocol states; switching to the alternate processing unit upon detection of a failure in the primary processing unit.
  • the method sends the protocol packet sent to the router to the primary processing unit, and the primary processing unit updates the local data according to the packet and performs corresponding processing, and the primary processing unit sends the protocol packet to the standby processing.
  • the unit, the standby processing unit then updates the local data according to the message.
  • This method requires the creation of two hidden interfaces for each area of the OSPF router: one in the primary processing unit and one in the standby processing unit.
  • the hidden interface of the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit is connected through a hidden channel through which link state data is backed up from the primary processing unit to the standby processing unit.
  • the primary processing unit when the primary processing unit receives a Link State Advertisement (LSA) packet of a neighboring router, the primary router is responsive to the neighboring router, and the LSA packet is flooded to the standby processing in the future.
  • LSA Link State Advertisement
  • the router will lose the LSA message. If a neighbor router must connect to the rest of the network through the router being switched, the neighbor router will also lose the LSA message. Therefore, the reliability of the method is low, and the data is lost and the system performance is degraded.
  • IPC Inter-Process Communication
  • Another method provided by the prior art is a communication takeover method based on a message mirroring mechanism.
  • the method of receiving the packet by the standby processing unit and maintaining the local data according to the received packet can solve the problem that the foregoing method may lose the packet during the switching process. It relies on the message mirroring mechanism provided by the Internet Protocol (IP) stack.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the message received under the message mirroring mechanism first arrives at the standby processing unit, and then the standby processing unit copies the message to the primary processing unit; the message sent under the message mirroring mechanism is, the primary
  • the processing unit first sends the message to the standby processing unit, which is actually sent by the standby processing unit; It is detected that when there is a fault in the primary processing unit, the router is switched to the standby processing unit.
  • the standby processing unit batch backups the link state from the primary processing unit. Then, the standby processing unit maintains and updates the link state by combining the explicit information of the active processing unit, the transmitted protocol message, and the received protocol message.
  • All received OSPF protocol packets first arrive at the standby processing unit, and then sent by the standby processing unit to the primary processing unit; all transmitted OSPF protocol messages are first sent by the primary processing unit to the standby processing unit, and then sent by the standby processing unit. Adjacent OSPF routers.
  • the standby processing unit In the process of receiving and transmitting, the standby processing unit is a passive information consumer. This information comes from the primary processing unit and other routers in the network. The standby processing unit does not generate any protocol packets, nor does it perform a Shortest Path First (SPF) calculation route.
  • SPF Shortest Path First
  • each OSPF protocol message there are some additional steps to process each OSPF protocol message.
  • Each received OSPF protocol passes through an additional internal step from the standby processing unit to the primary processing unit.
  • Each OSPF protocol sent passes through an additional internal step from the primary processing unit to the standby processing unit. This reduces the efficiency of transmission and reception.
  • the method relies on the IP stack or the operating system to provide a packet mirroring mechanism, and the general IP stack does not provide a packet mirroring mechanism. This makes it difficult to implement, has high requirements on the system, and has poor generality.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for implementing communication takeover, which can save a large amount of IPC bandwidth resources and make the system run more efficiently, more stably and reliably.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for implementing a communication takeover, including:
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit synchronously receive routing protocol packets from the neighboring routers;
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit maintain the packet according to the routing protocol Their respective local data
  • the standby processing unit takes over the primary processing unit.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for implementing communication takeover, including a message receiving unit, a main processing unit, a standby processing unit, and an active/standby control unit.
  • the message receiving unit is configured to receive a routing protocol message from the neighboring router, and simultaneously send the message to the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit;
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit maintain respective local data according to the message; the primary and secondary control unit is configured to control the standby processing unit to take over the primary processing unit communication.
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit synchronously receive the routing protocol packet from the neighboring router, and the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit work in parallel, thereby avoiding all protocol reports in the prior art.
  • the text has to pass the IPC connection between the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit, which effectively solves the problem that a large amount of IPC bandwidth is occupied and wastes resources in the prior art, and improves the efficiency of system operation.
  • the standby processing unit maintains the local data according to the protocol message, and then sends a short response message to the primary processing unit, and the primary processing unit further performs the protocol according to the protocol.
  • the message maintains local data, which ensures that the local data of the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit are synchronously updated and consistent, so that the reliability of the switching process is higher.
  • the solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention does not depend on any special improvement of the IP stack or the operating system, and has universal applicability.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for implementing communication takeover in a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for implementing communication takeover in a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for implementing communication takeover in a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for implementing communication takeover in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for performing unplanned switching when applying the OSPF protocol according to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a planned switching when the OSPF protocol is applied to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of an apparatus for implementing a communication take-off provided in a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the configuration of an apparatus for realizing communication take-off provided in a sixth embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • a method for implementing communication takeover includes: A1, a primary processing unit, and a standby processing unit synchronously receive a routing protocol packet from a neighboring router;
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit receive the routing protocol message synchronously, and the packet receiving unit receives the routing protocol packet from the neighboring router, and then multicasts to the primary processing unit and The standby processing unit is simultaneously transmitted, and the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit are regarded as members of the multicast group.
  • the routing protocol is an OSPF protocol.
  • the method of the present invention can also be applied to other routing protocols. The method emphasizes implementing redundant backup of the communication function, and the specific routing protocol does not constitute the present invention. limit.
  • the packet is a Link State Advertisement (LSA) packet.
  • LSA Link State Advertisement
  • the packet may also be a Hello message or a database.
  • Description DD: Database Description
  • Link State Request message or Link State Ack message.
  • the primary processing unit and the alternate processing unit have the same local data before synchronously receiving protocol messages from neighboring routers.
  • the local data of the synchronous primary processing unit and the standby processing unit of the present invention may be synchronized by the operator in advance, which is understandable.
  • the synchronization may be performed by batch backup of the data of the primary processing unit to the standby processing unit when the standby processing unit is started.
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit are software or hardware modules that have the same processing capability for routing protocol messages.
  • the synchronized local data may include configuration information, interface information, neighbor router status information, and link status information, etc., for routing control.
  • the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit maintain respective local data according to the message
  • the maintenance of the local data by the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit analyzes the information carried by the packet, and maintains the local data according to the analysis result, for example, maintaining a local link state database, a neighbor router status, or a request table. Wait.
  • the standby processing unit takes over the primary processing unit communication. Dynamically triggers or presets a time interval to trigger.
  • the switching process in which the standby processing unit takes over the communication of the primary processing unit can use the existing conventional implementation manner, and details are not described herein.
  • the message receiving unit sends the protocol message to the main processing unit and the standby processing unit at the same time, and the main processing unit and the standby processing unit work in parallel, thereby avoiding all the protocols in the prior art.
  • the problem that a large amount of IPC bandwidth is occupied and resources are wasted in the prior art is effectively solved, and the efficiency of the system operation is improved.
  • a method for implementing communication takeover includes: B1, a primary processing unit and a standby processing unit synchronously receive an LSA message from a neighboring router;
  • the received packet is an LSA packet in the OSPF routing protocol.
  • State database
  • the standby processing unit sends a response message that receives the LSA message to the primary processing unit.
  • the primary processing unit receives the response message from the standby processing unit.
  • the primary processing unit updates the primary processing unit local link state database according to the LSA message.
  • the primary processing unit sends a response packet that receives the LSA packet to the neighboring router;
  • the main processing unit runs the SPF algorithm to calculate the best path to reach the destination and update the routing table and forwarding table according to the paths;
  • step ⁇ 6 is sent to the neighboring router after step ⁇ 4 and step ,5, that is, the primary processing unit receives the LSA message and receives the response message sent by the standby processing unit to receive the LSA message. Received a response packet from the LSA packet. The purpose is to ensure that both the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit receive a response from the neighbor router before sending a response. In a network with a retransmission mechanism, if the neighboring router does not receive the response packet, the LSA "" message is sent again.
  • the difference between the second embodiment and the first embodiment is that, when the message receiving unit simultaneously sends the protocol text to the main processing unit and the standby processing unit, and the main processing unit and the standby processing unit work in parallel, the standby processing unit receives the protocol. After the message, by sending a short response message to the primary processing unit, the local data of the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit can be updated synchronously, so that the reliability of the switching process is higher.
  • the standby processing unit For each received LSA message, if the standby processing unit determines that the local router floods the message to a neighboring router, the standby processing unit places the LSA message to the locally recorded neighbor router. In the retransmission table, when the standby processing unit receives the response message from the neighboring router to the LSA packet, the LSA packet is deleted from the retransmission table of the neighboring router recorded locally.
  • a method for implementing a communication takeover includes: C1, a primary processing unit and a standby processing unit synchronously receive a Hello message from a neighboring router;
  • the received packet is a Hello packet in the OSPF routing protocol; the state information of the neighboring router;
  • the invention applies the OSPF protocol, and the status of the neighboring router includes:
  • the standby processing unit takes over the primary processing unit communication. Start the trigger trigger or preset the time interval to trigger.
  • the third embodiment is to process the Hello packet. If the standby processing unit is to process the Hello packet, the Hello timer and the Dead timer of the neighboring router are required to receive the Hello packet. And the time interval and interface state changes determine the status of the neighbor router and record.
  • This embodiment emphasizes the processing capability of the standby processing unit for Hello messages. Here, there is no absolute order in steps C2 and C3. Step C3 may also be performed first, followed by step C2. The order of the specific steps does not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
  • a method for implementing a communication takeover includes: D1, a primary processing unit and a standby processing unit synchronously receive a DD packet from a neighboring router;
  • the received packet is a DD packet in the OSPF routing protocol.
  • the standby processing unit maintains, according to the DD packet, a request table of the neighbor router recorded by the standby processing unit and status information of the neighbor router.
  • the process of maintaining the request table of the neighboring router by the standby processing unit is: comparing each LSA description information in the DD packet with the corresponding LSA in the link state database of the standby processing unit; if the LSA description information is more than the link The corresponding LSA in the state database is new.
  • the LSA description information is placed in the request table of the neighboring router by the processing unit; when the standby processing unit receives the LSA message corresponding to the LSA description information of the neighboring router, the LSA description information is The request table of the neighbor router is deleted.
  • the standby processing unit sends a response message to the primary processing unit to receive the DD packet;
  • the primary processing unit receives the response message from the standby processing unit;
  • the primary processing unit maintains, according to the DD, a request table of the neighbor router locally recorded by the primary processing unit, and status information of the neighbor router.
  • the primary processing unit sends, to the neighboring router, the response message of the database description packet to the database description packet.
  • Embodiment 4 embodies the processing method of the DD packet in the present invention. After the DD packet is processed, the neighbor router will retransmit the DD packet that is not received, so that the seamless switching process is performed. more perfect.
  • the status information of the locally recorded neighbor router is maintained according to the Hello packet and the DD packet.
  • the manner in which the standby processing unit obtains the neighbor router state information may also be used when the primary processing unit determines that the state of the neighboring router changes, and then the neighboring router is connected through the IPC connection between the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit. The status change is notified to the alternate processing unit. In this way, the standby processing unit may not run the relevant timer, but it takes up a little more IPC bandwidth resources. Specifically, how to implement the technology can choose the processing method according to the actual situation of the system.
  • the OSPF protocol is applied to the OSPF protocol, and the processing modes of the LSA packet, the Hello packet, and the DD packet in the OSPF protocol are described.
  • the processing of the LSA packet and the DD packet is compared with the conventional processing procedure, and the response message sent by the standby processing unit to the received LSA packet and the DD packet is added, so that the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit are configured to receive the response message.
  • the incoming message updates the local data and keeps them consistent, ready for the switchover.
  • the primary processing unit receives the LSA message and the DD message that are multicast by the packet receiving unit, the primary processing unit does not receive the received data from the standby processing unit within the preset time.
  • the main processing unit passes The IPC between the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit sends the message to the standby processing unit and generates an alarm message, prompting the user that the standby processing unit may be malfunctioning.
  • the primary processing unit processes the backup.
  • the unit requests the message; after receiving the request from the primary processing unit, the standby processing unit sends the message to the primary processing unit through an IPC connection between the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit, and generates an alarm message. , prompting the user that the main processing unit may not work properly.
  • Embodiment 2 to Embodiment 4 after the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit complete the initial data synchronization by data batch backup or other manner, if the primary processing unit changes local state, the local state change information is transmitted to The standby processing unit, the local data of the standby processing unit is further maintained according to the local state change information.
  • the local state change information includes: a motherboard configuration change information, an interface state change information, and a neighbor router state change information.
  • the local state change information is sent to the standby processing unit through the IPC connection between the primary processing unit and the standby processing unit, and the standby processing unit is configured according to the local state.
  • the change information maintains local data to ensure consistency with the data of the primary processing unit. Since the probability of occurrence of the local state change is relatively low and the amount of information is small, the occupancy of the IPC bandwidth resource is small, and the user does not have to worry about the problem that the IPC bandwidth is occupied too much.
  • the process in which the standby processing unit takes over the communication of the primary processing unit is called switching, and the switching mode of the present invention can be divided into unplanned switching and planned switching, and the unplanned switching and planned switching can be applied to the above embodiment.
  • the process of the OSPF protocol is applied to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and includes:
  • the standby processing unit reads all network interface information from the interface layer
  • R2 performing active/standby switching, and the standby processing unit replaces the primary processing unit
  • the active/standby switch here refers to the interface of the standby processing unit to take over the active processing unit.
  • the reestablishment of the adjacency relationship is established from the Down state.
  • the manner of re-establishing the neighbor relationship may also be: For any state, it is not a full connection (Full). And not for the exchange (Exchange) neighbor router, the standby processing unit establishes the adjacency relationship according to the state it saves; for any neighbor router whose state is exchanged, the neighbor relationship is established from the ExStart state. This makes the seamless switching process faster. Specifically, how to implement the technician can select the processing mode according to the actual situation of the system, and the specific processing manner is not sufficient to limit the present invention.
  • the started timer includes a Hello timer, a Dead timer, and an LSA retransmission timing.
  • the standby processing unit runs the SPF algorithm to calculate the best path to the destination and update the routing table and forwarding table based on these paths.
  • Unplanned switching generally triggers failure of the primary processing unit for hardware and software failures, and the primary processing unit is not working properly.
  • a flowchart of a planned switching when the OSPF protocol is applied to the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes:
  • the standby processing unit reads all network interface information from the interface layer
  • the standby processing unit sets and starts an associated timer with the remaining time of the timer obtained from the main processing unit;
  • S5 the path of the other protocol is imported according to the configuration, and the LSA packet originating from the local router is regenerated;
  • the standby processing unit runs the SPF algorithm to calculate the best path to the destination and update the routing table and forwarding table based on these paths.
  • the planned switching is generally performed in the case that the main processing unit can work normally, and the artificial execution switching triggers the failure of the main processing unit or the user presets a certain time interval to trigger the failure of the main processing unit, so that the standby processing unit can take over the main
  • the process with the processing unit is smoother.
  • the device structure diagram is as shown in FIG. 7, and includes a receiving unit 100, a main processing unit 200, a standby processing unit 300, and an active/standby control unit 400.
  • the active/standby control unit 400 includes a data backup control unit 410 and a takeover control unit 420.
  • the data backup control unit 410 is configured to control the backup of the data of the primary processing unit 200 to the standby processing unit 300 when the standby processing unit 300 is started.
  • the message receiving unit 100 is configured to receive a routing protocol message from the neighboring router, and simultaneously send the message to the primary processing unit 200 and the standby processing unit 300.
  • the receiving unit 100 transmits the message in multicast form, and the primary processing unit 200 and the standby processing unit 300 are regarded as members in the multicast group.
  • the backup processing unit 300 is configured to provide routing protection for the primary processing unit. After receiving the routing protocol message multicast by the packet receiving unit 100, the standby processing unit 300 maintains the local data of the standby processing unit 300 according to the packet.
  • the primary processing unit 200 is configured to provide a primary routing function of the router. After receiving the routing protocol packet that is received by the packet receiving unit 100, the primary processing unit maintains the local data of the primary processing unit 200 according to the packet.
  • the takeover control unit 420 is configured to control the standby process when the main processing unit 200 fails Unit 300 takes over communication with the primary processing unit 200.
  • the device structure diagram is as shown in FIG. 8, and includes a receiving unit 100, a main processing unit 200, a standby processing unit 300, and an active/standby control unit 400.
  • the primary processing unit 200 includes: a primary receiving unit 210, a primary data maintaining unit 220, a response message receiving unit 230, an active message forwarding unit 240, and a requesting unit 250;
  • the standby processing unit 300 includes: The unit 310, the backup data maintenance unit 320, the response message transmitting unit 330, and the alternate text forwarding unit 340.
  • the message receiving unit 100 is configured to receive a routing protocol message from the neighboring router, and simultaneously send the message to the primary receiving unit 210 on the primary processing unit 200 and the standby receiving unit 310 on the standby processing unit 300.
  • the standby receiving unit 310 is configured to receive the protocol packet sent by the packet receiving unit 100, and is further configured to receive the packet forwarded by the primary packet forwarding unit 240.
  • the backup data maintenance unit 320 is configured to maintain local data according to the message received by the standby receiving unit 310.
  • the response message sending unit 330 is configured to: after the standby data maintenance unit 320 maintains the local data according to the received message, send a response message to the response message receiving unit 230;
  • the primary receiving unit 210 is configured to receive the protocol packet sent by the packet receiving unit 100, and is further configured to receive the packet forwarded by the standby packet forwarding unit 340.
  • the primary data maintenance unit 220 is configured to maintain local data according to the message received by the primary receiving unit 210 after the response message receiving unit 230 receives the response message;
  • the response message receiving unit 230 receives the response message from the received message sent by the response message sending unit 320;
  • the primary message forwarding unit 240 is configured to: after the primary receiving unit 210 receives the message, when the response message receiving unit 230 does not receive the received message sent by the response message sending unit 330 within the preset time In response to the message, the message is sent to the alternate receiving unit 310 and an alert message is generated to the user.
  • the requesting unit 250 is configured to: after the response message receiving unit 230 receives the response message from the received message sent by the response message sending unit 330, the primary receiving unit 210 does not receive the received message within the preset time. When the message sent by the unit 100 is sent to the alternate forwarding unit 340, the message is requested;
  • the standby forwarding unit 340 is configured to send the message requested by the requesting unit 250 to the primary receiving unit 210 after receiving the request from the primary processing unit, and generate an alarm message.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une méthode et un dispositif permettant d'effectuer un transfert de communications. Le message de protocole d'acheminement émanant d'un routeur voisin est reçu de manière synchrone par l'unité de traitement principale et par l'unité de traitement de réserve. L'unité de traitement principale et l'unité de traitement de réserve fonctionnent en parallèle. L'unité de traitement de réserve conserve les données locales en fonction du message de protocole et envoie le message de réponse brève à l'unité de traitement principale. L'unité traitement principale conserve ensuite les données locales en fonction du message de protocole afin de mettre à jour les données locales de l'unité de traitement principale et de l'unité de traitement de réserve, de manière synchrone et congruente.
PCT/CN2007/070199 2006-07-26 2007-06-28 Méthode et dispositif pour effectuer un transfert de communications Ceased WO2008014696A1 (fr)

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CN200610099512.3 2006-07-26
CNB2006100995123A CN100420207C (zh) 2006-07-26 2006-07-26 一种实现通信接管的方法及装置

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