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WO2008000680A1 - Composes telomeriques fluores et polymeres contenant ceux-ci - Google Patents

Composes telomeriques fluores et polymeres contenant ceux-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008000680A1
WO2008000680A1 PCT/EP2007/056176 EP2007056176W WO2008000680A1 WO 2008000680 A1 WO2008000680 A1 WO 2008000680A1 EP 2007056176 W EP2007056176 W EP 2007056176W WO 2008000680 A1 WO2008000680 A1 WO 2008000680A1
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weight
compounds
carbon atoms
formula
polyfluoroalkyl
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Hans Gotz
Wolfgang Knaup
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Clariant International Ltd
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Clariant International Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
    • C07C69/62—Halogen-containing esters
    • C07C69/65—Halogen-containing esters of unsaturated acids
    • C07C69/653—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters; Haloacrylic acid esters; Halomethacrylic acid esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/16—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C07C233/17—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
    • C07C233/18—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C31/00—Saturated compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C31/34—Halogenated alcohols
    • C07C31/38—Halogenated alcohols containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/22—Esters containing halogen
    • C08F220/24—Esters containing halogen containing perhaloalkyl radicals
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1808—C8-(meth)acrylate, e.g. isooctyl (meth)acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1812—C12-(meth)acrylate, e.g. lauryl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
    • C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
    • C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
    • C08F220/1818—C13or longer chain (meth)acrylate, e.g. stearyl (meth)acrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
    • C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
    • C08F220/10—Esters
    • C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C08F220/32—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals
    • C08F220/325—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing epoxy radicals containing glycidyl radical, e.g. glycidyl (meth)acrylate

Definitions

  • Fluorochemicals are often used as surfactants or wetting agents and are widely used for the surface treatment of substrates. They find frequent utility for the oil-, water-, and soil-repellent finishing of fibrous substrates such as for example carpets, textiles, leather, nonwovens and paper and of hard substrates such as for example wood, metal or concrete. The imbibition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic liquids is reduced with substrates thus treated, and the removal of existing soils is promoted.
  • Perfiuoroalkyl iodides obtained via telomerization of telogens with fluorinated monomers such as tetrafiuoroethene, for example, are an important starting point for the preparation of fluorocompounds.
  • Rp is a perfiuoroalkyl radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms
  • A is a group of the formulae
  • R 1 is CF 3 OR 4 , Cl, Br or I,
  • R 2 and R 3 are H, alkyl or aryl
  • R 4 is perfluoromethyl, perfluoropropyl or perfluoropropyloxypropyl
  • perfiuoroalkyl iodides are typically first converted with ethene into a perfluoroalkylethyl iodide.
  • the perfluoroalkylethyl iodide can then be converted with suitable reagents into the corresponding perfluoroalkylethyl alcohol.
  • the corresponding (meth)acrylate monomers of the formula I can be prepared.
  • Copolymers prepared from these fluorous acrylates are particularly useful for modifying surfaces to be oil, water and soil repellent, for example for finishing textiles or for coating leather and paper.
  • the fluorinated alkylsulphonic acid fluoride used in their synthesis is obtained via electrochemical fluorination.
  • Fluorous compounds having a linear perfluoroalkyl chain with 8 fluorinated carbon atoms can degrade to form perfluorooctanecarboxylic acid and perfluorooctanesulphonic acid, respectively. These degradation products are considered not further degradable and therefore are persistent. Moreover, these compounds are suspected of accumulating in living organisms. There have therefore been various proposals in recent years for preparing environmentally compatible perfluoroalkyl compounds.
  • WO 02/16306 describes branched fluorous (meth)acrylates having the formula III
  • WO 02/34848 describes the use of polyoxetanes having trifluoromethyl groups or pentafluoroethyl groups as perfluoroalkyl radical. This class of compounds likewise represents environmentally compatible perfluoroalkyl-containing compounds used as fluorosurfactants or for coatings.
  • WO 2004/060 964 describes fluorinated polyethers having a molecular weight of greater than 750 g/mol, which are eliminated particularly easily from the body of living organisms.
  • WO 03/100 158 describes the use of such alcohols and acrylates for finishing textiles.
  • polyfluoroalkyl compounds as hereinbelow defined lead to oil- and water-repellent coatings of high efficiency and durability and are also environmentally compatible.
  • the invention accordingly provides fluorous carboxylic acids and/or fluorous alcohols and derivatives thereof having molecular weights of greater than 750 g/mol.
  • the invention further provides fluorous compounds which, owing to their being composed of a polyfluoroalkyl chain which is partly branched and partly linear, melt at lower temperatures than their molecular weight equivalents consisting of a linear polyfluoroalkyl chain.
  • the invention further provides fluorous carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid salts and ester derivatives which are prepared from the corresponding polyfluorous alkyl alkyl iodides.
  • the present invention provides fluorous telomeric compounds of the formula IV:
  • R F is a perfluoroalkyl radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms
  • A is a group of the formulae
  • Z is CH 2 OR 3 , or COO " 1/q M q+ or CON(R 4 )R 5 OR 3
  • X and Y are H, Cl or F
  • R 1 is CF 3 , OR 2 , Cl, Br or I,
  • R 2 is perfluoromethyl, perfluoropropyl or perfluoropropyloxypropyl
  • R I 44 is H or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms
  • R 5 is alkylene of 1 to 13 carbon atoms
  • R 6 is H or CH 3
  • M is H or a metal cation or an ammonium cation or a substituted ammonium cation q is the valency of M a is from 0 to 10 and b is from 1 to 30.
  • fluorous compounds of the formula IV which have a molecular weight of greater than 750 g/mol.
  • Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula IV which have a molecular weight of greater than 1000 g/mol.
  • the polyfluoroalkyl radical Rp can be a polyfluoroalkyl group having a unitary chain length or a mixture of polyfluoroalkyl groups having different chain lengths, for example CF 3 , C 2 F 5 , C 3 F 7 , C 4 F 9 , C 6 F n , C 8 F n , Ci 0 F 2I , Ci 2 F 25 , Ci 4 F 29 and Ci 6 F 3I groups.
  • the polyfluoroalkyl radical can be branched or unbranched.
  • X and Y may independently be H, Cl or F.
  • X and Y are fluorine atoms.
  • X is a fluorine atom and Y is a chlorine atom, or X and Y are hydrogen atoms.
  • a is from 0 to 10 and more preferably from 0 to 5.
  • b is from 1 to 30 and more preferably a + b > 3.
  • the functional group Z is either a carboxylic acid, a carboxylic acid salt, a carboxamido alcohol, a carboxamidoalkyl (meth)acrylate, an alcohol, a methacrylate or acrylate.
  • R 1 is a sterically voluminous group which has a crystallization-inhibiting effect on the polyfluoroalkyl chain. Particular preference is given either to a perfluoromethyl group, to a perfluoroalkyl ether group or to a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom. A perfluoromethyl group is most preferable.
  • R is a perfluoromethyl group, a perfluoropropyl group or a perfluoropropyloxypropyl group.
  • a perfluoromethyl group is most preferable.
  • R 4 is hydrogen or an alkyl chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably a methyl or an ethyl group.
  • R 5 is an alkylene chain of 1 to 13 carbon atoms, preferably an ethylene group.
  • R 6 is either hydrogen or a methyl group.
  • the compounds of the invention are prepared from the corresponding polyfluoroalkyl iodides in a multistage process.
  • telomerization a fluorous compound (telogen) capable of transferring a free radical chain is reacted with at least one fluorinated monomer (taxogen) via a free radical forming mechanism at 20-250 0 C to form the telomer of the formula
  • telogens include fluorous alkyl compounds having a group to be scissioned free- radically, for example fluorous alkyl iodides, bromides, thiols, thioethers and alcohols. Preference is given to perfiuoroalkyl iodides having a unitary chain length or to a mixture of perfiuoroalkyl iodides having different chain lengths.
  • the perfiuoroalkyl radical can be branched or unbranched, for example perfluoromethyl iodide, perfiuoroethyl iodide, n-perfluoropropyl iodide, isoperfluoropropyl iodide, n- perfluorobutyl iodide, isoperfiuorobutyl iodide, tert-perfluorobutyl iodide and isomers of perfluorohexyl iodide, perfiuorooctyl iodide, perfiuorodecyl iodide and perfiuorododecyl iodide and so on.
  • perfiuoroalkyl iodides in accordance with the invention having a chain length of 1 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one terminal CF 3 group.
  • perfluoromethyl iodide perfiuoroethyl iodide, perfluoropropyl iodide or perfluoroisopropyl iodide or a technical grade mixture of various perfiuoroalkyl iodides, having chain lengths of 6 to 16 fluorinated carbon atoms or 8 to 16 fluorinated carbon atoms and an average chain length of about 7.5 fluorinated carbon atoms or about 9 fluorinated carbon atoms.
  • the addition of the taxogens onto the telogen results in the building up of higher molecular weights.
  • the telomer thus formed consists of a perfiuoroalkyl chain having a terminal iodine group.
  • the way the taxogens are incorporated in the telomer differs according to which of the following three variants is chosen.
  • free radicals which initiate the telomerization reactions can be generated by sources capable of forming free radicals.
  • Useful sources for forming free radicals include light or heat.
  • the light source typically has its maximum in the infrared to ultraviolet region. Free radical formation due to heat typically takes place at temperatures between 100 0 C and 250 0 C.
  • Useful sources for forming free radicals further include free radical initiators of the chemical kind, which are also capable of lowering the reaction temperature required for free radical formation to between 0 0 C and 150 0 C, examples being organic or inorganic peroxides, azo compounds, organic and inorganic metal compounds and metals and also combinations thereof. Particular preference is given to persulphates, fluorinated and nonfluorinated organic peroxides, azo compounds and metals such as for example Ru, Cu, Ni, Pd and Pt.
  • the telomerization can be carried solventlessly, in solution, in suspension or emulsion.
  • the reaction without a solvent or in emulsion is particularly preferred.
  • the telogen is first converted with the aid of surfactants into an aqueous emulsion.
  • the emulsion can be stabilized by anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants and combinations thereof. Fluorosurfactants are particularly suitable for example.
  • the reaction typically takes place at elevated temperature through addition of the taxogens and free radical initiators. Additional components can increase the reaction yield, examples being small amounts of aqueous solutions of sulphites, bisulphites or dithionates.
  • a base such as for example lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidinium hydroxide, caesium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide or tetrabutylammonium hydroxide.
  • Metal and metal oxide catalysts are preferred.
  • Ruthenium catalysts are particularly preferred.
  • a polyfiuoroalkyl carboxamido alcohol is prepared by reaction of the polyfiuoroalkyl carboxylic acid with an amino alcohol. This reaction can be carried out with or without solvent at temperatures between 20 0 C and 80 0 C.
  • the amino alcohols used can be primary amino alcohols such as for example 2-aminoethanol, 3- aminopropanol, 4-aminobutanol, 2-amino-l-butanol, 5-aminopentanol, 2-amino-l- pentanol, 6-aminohexanol or secondary amino alcohols such as for example 2- methylaminoethanol, 3-methylaminopropanol, 4-methylaminobutanol, 2-methylamino- 1-butanol, 5-methylaminopentanol, 2-methylamino-l-pentanol, 6-methylaminohexanol, 2-ethylaminoethanol, 3-ethylaminopropanol, 4-ethylaminobutanol, 2-ethylamino-l- butanol, 5-ethylaminopentanol, 2-ethylamino-l-pentanol, 6-ethylaminohexanol, 2-
  • R F - A - CXY - CON(R 4 )R 5 OOCOCR 6 CH 2 .
  • the reaction with the (meth)acrylate acid chlorides is typically carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to bind hydrogen chloride formed.
  • a suitable catalyst for example a tin catalyst, can be used for the transesterification.
  • acrylates and methacrylates can be copolymerized with nonfluorous polymerizable vinyl monomers and/or chlorine-containing polymerizable vinyl monomers and optionally one or more thermally crosslinkable or isocyanate-reactive monomers.
  • the optional comonomer (b) is not fluorous (does not contain fluorine) and is represented by a multiplicity of commercially available acrylates and methacrylates and styrene derivatives.
  • nonfluorinated comonomers are hydrocarbyl esters and amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids. These include for example the following esters and amides of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid: vinyl, allyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n- butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, hexyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, lauryl, cetyl, stearyl, behenyl, cyclohexyl, bornyl, isobornyl, phenyl, benzyl, adamantyl, tolyl, (2,2- dimethyl-l-methyl)propyl, cyclopentyl, 2-ethylhexyl,
  • allyl esters and vinyl esters such as for example allyl acetate, vinyl acetate, allyl heptanoate and vinyl heptanoate; alkyl vinyl ethers and alkyl allyl ethers such as for example cetyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, octadecyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether; ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated nitriles such as for example acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, ⁇ -chloroacrylonitrile, ⁇ -cyanoethyl acrylate; aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates such as for example N,N-diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, N-t-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate; alkyl (meth)acrylates having an ammonium group such as for example 2-methacryloyloxyethyl
  • Particularly preferred optional comonomers (b) can be the following esters or amides of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, 2-ethylhexyl, myristyl, lauryl, octadecyl, methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and methoxy poly(propylene glycol) as described above.
  • the comonomer (c) contains one or more crosslinkable groups.
  • a crosslinkable group is a functional group capable of entering a reaction with the substrate and/or with a further polyfunctional compound added.
  • Such crosslinkable groups can be: carboxylic acid groups, ethylenically unsaturated groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, N- alkylolamide groups, isocyanate groups or protected isocyanate groups.
  • Examples of comonomers having one or more crosslinkable groups include unsaturated carboxylic acids and anhydrides of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid, monomers including a hydroxyl group, for example hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylates and hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylates, hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) mono(meth)acrylate, poly(propylene glycol) mono(meth)acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(propylene glycol) mono(meth)acrylate, polytetrahydrofuran mono(meth)acrylate, N- hydroxymethyl(meth)acrylamide, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether.
  • crosslinkable monomers are for example vinyl (meth)acrylate, allyl (meth)acrylate, N- methoxymethylacrylamide, N-isopropoxymethylacrylamide, N- butoxymethylacrylamide, N-isobutoxymethylacrylamide, glycidyl (meth)acrylate and ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethyl-m-isopropenylbenzyl isocyanate.
  • Other examples are monomers which release isocyanates at elevated temperatures or under irradiation with light, examples being phenol-, ketoxime- and pyrazole-protected isocyanate-terminated alkyl (meth)acrylates.
  • the optional comonomer (d) is chlorine containing.
  • chlorine-containing comonomers are halogenated olefinic hydrocarbons such as for example vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, 3-chloro-l -isobutene, 1-chlorobutadiene, 1,1-dichlorobutadiene and 2,5-dimethyl-l,5-hexadiene.
  • Vinylidene chloride and vinyl chloride are particularly preferred optional comonomers (c).
  • the copolymer described hereby is typically prepared by a free radical polymerization technique, for example by solvent, emulsion, microemulsion or miniemulsion polymerization techniques. Variants of the emulsion polymerization are particularly preferred.
  • the emulsion polymerization of the monomers takes place in the presence of water, surfactants and an optional organic solvent.
  • the mixture can have been pre- emulsified before the polymerization, by means of a high pressure homogenizer or a similar apparatus.
  • the polymerization is typically carried out at temperatures between 50 0 C and 150 0 C in the presence of a free radical initiator.
  • nonionic surfactants include poly(ethylene glycol) lauryl ether, poly( ethylene glycol) tridecyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) cetyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(propylene glycol) cetyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) stearyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) oleyl ether, poly(ethylene glycol) nonylphenol ether, poly(ethylene glycol) octylphenol ether, poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate, poly(ethylene glycol) monostearate, poly( ethylene glycol) monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate, poly(
  • Examples of the cationic surfactants in accordance with the invention are ammonium compounds based on saturated and unsaturated fatty acid amines, for example octadecylammonium acetate, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride; ammonium compounds based on amino-functionalized polyethoxylates and polypropoxylates and their interpolymers such as for example polyoxyethylene laurylmonomethylammonium chloride; ammonium compounds based on arylamines such as for example biphenyltrimethylammonium chloride, imidazoline derivatives such as for example ammonium salts formed from tallow and imidazoline; silicone-based cationic surfactants and fluorine-based cationic surfactants.
  • the amount of cationic surfactant used ranges from 0.1 to 100 percent by weight relative to the weight of the polymer.
  • anionic surfactants in accordance with the invention include fatty alcohol sulphates, for example sodium dodecylsulphate and poly(ethylene glycol) lauryl ether sulphate; alkylsulphonates such as for example sodium laurylsulphonate; alkylbenzenesulphonates, for example nonylphenol ether sulphates, sulphosuccinates, for example sodium hexyl diether sulphosuccinate; fatty alcohol phosphates, for example sodium laurylphosphate and fatty acid salts, such as for example sodium stearic acid salt.
  • the amount of anionic surfactant used ranges from 0.1 to 100 percent by weight, relative to the weight of the polymer.
  • free radical initiators are organic or inorganic peroxides, azo compounds, organic and inorganic metal compounds and metals and also combinations thereof. Particular preference is given to azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitriles (AIBNs), azobisvaleronitrile and azobis(2-cyanovaleric acid), 2,2'-azobis(2- amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; hydroperoxides such as cumene hydroperoxide, t- butyl hydroperoxide and t-amyl hydroperoxide, dialkyl peroxides such as di-t-butyl peroxide and dicumyl peroxide, peroxyesters such as t-butyl perbenzoate and di-t-butyl peroxyphthalate, diacyl peroxides, such as benzoyl peroxide and lauroyl peroxide; inorganic peroxides such as ammonium persulphate and potassium persulphate and also combinations of the specified compounds with organic or inorgan
  • a chain transfer agent can be used in the polymerization, an example being an alkylthiol.
  • Examples of the organic solvent in the solvent and emulsion polymerization are: ketones such as for example acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone; alcohols such as for example ethanol, isopropanol and butanol, polyalcohols such as for example 1,3-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol and glycerol; ethers and esters of polyalcohols, such as for example dipropylene glycol mono methyl ether, tripropylene glycol mo no methyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate; esters such as for example ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, dibutyl adipate and dibutyl succinate; hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbon
  • the preferred solids content for the polymer dispersion prepared is between 20 and 40 percent by weight.
  • the invention thus also provides a process for surface treatment of fibrous substrates with an effective amount of the fluorous aqueous dispersion.
  • the content of the preparation for finishing textiles and other sheetlike structures in accordance with this invention is chosen so that sufficient repellent properties are transferred to the treated substrate.
  • the wet pick-up was determined by weighing the finished specimens before and after application.
  • the fluorous textile- finishing agents according to the invention can be used together with other additives, including water-repellent materials, such as for example waxes, silicones, zirconium compounds or stearic acid salts, and also other oil-repellent materials, surfactants, insecticides, flame retardants, antistatic additives, plasticizers, dye fixatives and crease resist additives in an amount which does not impair fixing on the textile and the stability of the composition.
  • water-repellent materials such as for example waxes, silicones, zirconium compounds or stearic acid salts
  • oil-repellent materials such as for example waxes, silicones, zirconium compounds or stearic acid salts
  • surfactants such as for example waxes, silicones, zirconium compounds or stearic acid salts
  • surfactants such as for example waxes, silicones, zirconium compounds or stearic acid salts
  • surfactants such as for example waxes, silicones, zir
  • the fluorous textile- finishing agents according to the invention can be crosslinked by addition of reactive additives such as for example melamine resins, protected isocyanates or epoxides.
  • the fibrous substrates to be coated with the fiuorous polymeric dispersion can be for example carpets, textiles, leather, nonwovens and paper. These consist inter alia of natural fibres such as for example cotton, linen and silk; of synthesis fibres such as for example polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyolefins, poly(meth)acrylates, poly(vinyl chlorides), poly( vinyl alcohols); semisynthetic fibres such as for example rayon or acetate; inorganic fibres such as for example glass fibres or ceramic fibres or any desired combination of the specified fibres or any desired combination of woven products composed of these materials.
  • natural fibres such as for example cotton, linen and silk
  • synthesis fibres such as for example polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polyolefins, poly(meth)acrylates, poly(vinyl chlorides), poly( vinyl alcohols)
  • semisynthetic fibres such as for example rayon or acetate
  • inorganic fibres such
  • the substrate is typically immersed in a dilute dispersion consisting of copolymer and optional additives.
  • the dilute dispersion can be sprayed onto the substrate.
  • the saturated substrate is subsequently pressed by a system of rolls to remove excess dispersion, dried in an oven and crosslinked at a temperature and for a time sufficient to ensure crosslinking on the treated substrate.
  • This crosslinking process is typically carried out at temperatures between 50 and about 190 0 C. In general, a temperature of about 120 0 C to 180 0 C and in particular of about 130 0 C to 170 0 C for a period of 20 seconds up to 10 minutes is suitable, preference being given to 5 seconds to 5 minutes.
  • a further alternative for applying the preparation to a substrate is foam application wherein the preparation is applied to the substrate as a foam which is then dried and crosslinked.
  • the preparation is typically added in a concentrated form which has been admixed with an additional foamer.
  • a highly concentrated preparation for foam application typically contains the fiuoropolymer in an amount of up to 20% by weight.
  • Water repellency is attained by the spray test as per AATCC Standard Test Method 22. Distilled water is sprayed onto the textile substrate to be tested and a subsequent visual comparison of the pattern of wetting with reference pictures of an evaluation standard recited in the test method was used to generate a numerical value. The reported numerical values relate to the appearance of the surface after spraying with water and have the following connotation (Table 1):
  • a second test with a series of water-isopropanol test solutions can be used to determine the isopropanol repellency (IPA) of a substrate.
  • the reported IPA rating is the highest numbered test solution where the fabric is not wetted within 10 seconds and the drops still have the shape of a sphere or a hemisphere.
  • Wetted substrates or substrates which are only repellent to 100% water (0% isopropanol), i.e. the least wetting test solution, are rated 0, whereas substrates which are repellent to 100% isopropanol (0% water) are rated 10.
  • Intermediate ratings can be assigned as well.
  • Oil repellency as per AATCC Standard Test Method 118 tests the ability of a substrate to repel oily soiling, higher ratings in the assessment scale denoting better repellency of such soil, in particular of oily liquids.
  • drops of standardized test liquids consisting of a selected series of hydrocarbons having different surface tensions, are applied in succession to the surface of the specimen to be tested, by careful pipetting, and the wetting is visually assessed after a defined contact time.
  • the oil repellency value corresponds to the highest numbered test liquid which causes no wetting of the surface.
  • the standard test liquids have the following composition (Table 2):
  • Nujol is a mineral oil from Plough Inc. having a Saybolt viscosity of 360/390 at 38°C and a specific weight of 0.880/0.900 at 15°C.
  • the pressure is kept constant at 17 bar until 82.5 g (0.55 mol) of hexafluoropropene and 90 g (0.90 mol) of tetrafluoroethene have been added. After a drop in pressure, the autoclave is cooled down to room temperature and the fluorochemical phase is separated off by addition of salt and washed. The low molecular weight constituents are separated off by distillation. The iodine content of 11.2% suggests an average molecular weight of about 1400 g/mol.
  • the compound designated 1812 is a perfluoroalkyl iodide mixture having 6 to 14 fluorinated carbon atoms per molecule having an average chain length of about 9 fluorinated carbon atoms.
  • Fluorolink C is a perfluoro polyether carboxylic acid.
  • Example 1 was repeated to prepare corresponding polyfluoroalkyl iodides (Examples 2 to 9). The results of the syntheses are shown in Table 3.
  • Fluowet 1612 and Fluowet 1812 are perfiuoroalkyl iodide mixtures from Clariant, each having 6 to 14 fluorinated carbon atoms per molecule having an average chain length of about 7.5 fluorinated carbon atoms and 9 fluorinated carbon atoms respectively.
  • Example 10 was repeated to prepare corresponding polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (Examples 11 to 18). The results of the syntheses are shown in Table 4.
  • the OH number was 46.7 mg of KOH/g of product.
  • Example 20 Synthesis of C 8 Fi 7 (CF 2 CF(CF 3 ) a (CF 2 CF 2 ) b CF 2 CON(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 2 OH
  • a 250 ml four neck flask was charged with 86.4 g of the polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid from Example 10 at 60 0 C. 15.4 g of N-methylaminoethanol were added in the course of 30 minutes with stirring. The reaction mixture was slowly heated to 180 0 C. Water formed was removed via a Dean-Stark apparatus. The reaction mixture was stirred at that temperature for a further 4 hours for supplementary reaction. The reaction mixture was cooled down to 70 0 C and mixed with 150 ml of ethanol preheated to 70 0 C and precipitated in water. Washing and drying left 83.7 g of polyfluoroalkyl amido alcohols.
  • the OH number was 48.2 mg of KOH/g of product.
  • Example 19 was repeated to prepare corresponding polyfluoroalkyl alcohols (Examples 21 to 24). The results of the syntheses are reported in Table 4. Examples 25 to 28: Synthesis of polyfluoroalkyl amido alcohols
  • Example 20 was repeated to prepare corresponding polyfluoroalkyl amido alcohols (Examples 25 to 28). The results of the syntheses are reported in Table 4.
  • a three neck flask was charged with 80.1 g of the alcohol from Example 19, 23.5 g of acrylic acid, 0.3 g of methanesulphonic acid and 0.4 g of p-methoxyphenol and this initial charge was heated to 80 0 C.
  • the water of reaction was separated during the reaction within 24 hours at the reaction temperature and a pressure of 200 mbar.
  • the organic phase was repeatedly washed with warm water and dried in a rotary evaporator. Conversion was verified by 1 H NMR measurements.
  • Example 29 was repeated to convert the alcohols into polyfluoroalkyl acrylates or, with methacrylic acid, into polyfluoroalkyl (meth)acrylates.
  • the compositions are reported in Table 4.
  • Example 39 Preparation of a dispersion for textile finishing (recipe 1)
  • the dispersion was prepared by intensively stirring the following components in a four neck flask equipped with stirrer, reflux condenser, inert gas supply and internal thermometer:
  • the emulsion was heated to 60 0 C under a constant stream of nitrogen. Then, 0.2 g of the initiator 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) was added. The polymerization time was 10 hours at 60 0 C.
  • AIBN 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile
  • the resulting dispersion had a solids content of about 34%.
  • the dispersion was acidified and diluted to 30 g/1.
  • the dispersion was applied to fibrous substrates on an HVF 59301 laboratory pad-mangle from Mathis AG (Switzerland) followed by drying and heat treatment at 160°C/30 seconds in an LTE laboratory dryer from Mathis AG (Switzerland).
  • the commercially available textile Sahara 530306 from NEL GmbH, Neugersdorf, was used as PES/Co 65/35 substrate to compare the applications.
  • the wet pick-up was about 66% for all examples recited.
  • the washing/drying procedure included 5 wash cycles at 60 0 C.
  • the corresponding pieces of fabric were made up with ballast fabric to a wash load of one kilogram.
  • the amount of laundry detergent needed was 7 g of "Coral intensive" per wash cycle.
  • the fabric pieces were not dried between the wash cycles. After washing, the laundry was dried in a laundry dryer.
  • Example 40 Preparation of a dispersion for textile finishing (recipe 2)
  • LA lauryl acrylate
  • VC vinyl chloride
  • N-MAM N-methoxymethylacrylamide
  • hydroxyethyl methacrylate 30.O g of dipropylene glycol 0.5 g of dodecanethiol 7.0 g of stearyl/11 ethylene oxide adduct (nonionic surfactant B)
  • the resulting dispersion had a solids content of about 38%.
  • the dispersion was acidified and diluted to 30 g/1.
  • Application to textile substrates was carried as described in Example 39.
  • Example 41 Preparation of a dispersion for textile finishing (recipe 3)
  • VDC vinylidene chloride
  • the resulting dispersion had a solids content of about 36%.
  • the dispersion was acidified and admixed with Cassurit HML (Clariant) and 20% by weight aqueous magnesium chloride solution, so that the concentration per 1 of liquor was in each case 30 g.
  • Application to textile substrates was carried out as described in Example 39.
  • Example 54 was repeated to convert the polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid from Example 11 into the corresponding polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid salts by reaction with sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide and ammonia.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

L' invention concerne des composés télomériques fluorés de formule RF - A - CXY - Z (IV), dans laquelle RF représente un radical perfluoroalkyle comprenant entre 1 et 20 atomes de carbone, A représente un groupe de formules (I) ou (II), Z représente CH2OR3, ou COO- 1/q Mq+ ou CON(R4)R5OR3; X et Y représentent H, Cl ou F; R1 représente CF3'OR2, Cl, Br ou I; R2 représente perfluorométhyle, perfluoropropyle ou perfluoropropyloxypropyle; R3 représente H ou COCR6=CH2';R4 représente H ou alkyle comprenant entre 1 et 6 atomes de carbone; R5 représente alkylène comprenant entre 1 et 13 atomes de carbone; R6 représente H ou CH3' M représente H ou un cation métallique ou un cation d'ammonium ou un cation d'ammonium substitué; q représente la valence de M; a est compris entre 0 et 10 et b est compris entre 1 et 30. Ces composés sont copolymérisés avec d'autres monomères. Les copolymères ainsi obtenus sont utiles pour la finition hydrofuge, oléofuge et antitaches de substrats fibreux.
PCT/EP2007/056176 2006-06-27 2007-06-21 Composes telomeriques fluores et polymeres contenant ceux-ci Ceased WO2008000680A1 (fr)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7968669B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2011-06-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer compositions and treated substrates
US8026289B2 (en) 2008-10-21 2011-09-27 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorinated polyoxyalkylene glycol diamide surfactants
CN103936904A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-23 成都晨光博达橡塑有限公司 一种分散体
US9523013B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2016-12-20 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Non-aqueous microemulsion inkjet ink
EP3041813A4 (fr) * 2013-09-04 2017-04-26 Honeywell International Inc. Agents tensioactifs fluorés présentant une biodégradabilité améliorée

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7968669B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2011-06-28 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer compositions and treated substrates
US8128711B2 (en) 2008-05-16 2012-03-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluoropolymer compositions and treated substrates
US8026289B2 (en) 2008-10-21 2011-09-27 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluorinated polyoxyalkylene glycol diamide surfactants
US9523013B2 (en) 2012-11-20 2016-12-20 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Non-aqueous microemulsion inkjet ink
EP3041813A4 (fr) * 2013-09-04 2017-04-26 Honeywell International Inc. Agents tensioactifs fluorés présentant une biodégradabilité améliorée
CN103936904A (zh) * 2014-05-09 2014-07-23 成都晨光博达橡塑有限公司 一种分散体

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