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WO2008000251A1 - A method for the production of a cable extruded from a foamable material, the extrusion device for carrying out this method, and the foamed product - Google Patents

A method for the production of a cable extruded from a foamable material, the extrusion device for carrying out this method, and the foamed product Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008000251A1
WO2008000251A1 PCT/DE2007/001164 DE2007001164W WO2008000251A1 WO 2008000251 A1 WO2008000251 A1 WO 2008000251A1 DE 2007001164 W DE2007001164 W DE 2007001164W WO 2008000251 A1 WO2008000251 A1 WO 2008000251A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
needles
strand
outlet opening
extrusion die
holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2007/001164
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Friedrich Priehs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2008000251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008000251A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
    • B29C44/36—Feeding the material to be shaped
    • B29C44/46—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/50—Feeding the material to be shaped into an open space or onto moving surfaces, i.e. to make articles of indefinite length using pressure difference, e.g. by extrusion or by spraying
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24C—MACHINES FOR MAKING CIGARS OR CIGARETTES
    • A24C5/00—Making cigarettes; Making tipping materials for, or attaching filters or mouthpieces to, cigars or cigarettes
    • A24C5/14—Machines of the continuous-rod type
    • A24C5/18—Forming the rod
    • A24C5/1885—Forming the rod for cigarettes with an axial air duct
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/0229—Filter rod forming processes
    • A24D3/0237—Filter rod forming processes by extrusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/02—Manufacture of tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/025—Final operations, i.e. after the filter rod forming process
    • A24D3/0258—Means for making grooves
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D3/00—Tobacco smoke filters, e.g. filter-tips, filtering inserts; Filters specially adapted for simulated smoking devices; Mouthpieces for cigars or cigarettes
    • A24D3/06—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters
    • A24D3/062—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features
    • A24D3/066—Use of materials for tobacco smoke filters characterised by structural features in the form of foam or having cellular structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/11—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels comprising two or more partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. honeycomb-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/302—Extrusion nozzles or dies being adjustable, i.e. having adjustable exit sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
    • B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
    • B29C48/325—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles being adjustable, i.e. having adjustable exit sections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/14—Filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/7414—Smokers'' requisites, e.g. pipe cleaners
    • B29L2031/7416—Smokers'' requisites, e.g. pipe cleaners for cigars or cigarettes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/755—Membranes, diaphragms

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a strand formed from a foamable material by extruding the material under pressure through an extrusion die with an outlet opening from which the material emerges under foaming and forms the strand.
  • the invention further relates to an extrusion apparatus for carrying out the method and to a foam product cut to length from an extruded strand of foamed material.
  • any shapes of the strand can be realized by the extrusion die.
  • the extrusion die can have a circular-cylindrical, square or polygonal cross-section and can also be designed as a flat die.
  • the present invention has for its object to produce a strand formed from foamable material by extrusion, which has improved application possibilities due to defined properties.
  • the foamed material strand which is preferably a solid strand. Since the material foams on exiting the exit opening and thereby also collapses stochastics, longitudinal channels are formed which do not extend in a straight line through the foamed strand, but in an irregular meandering shape.
  • the foamed from the strand of foamed material foam product according to the present invention therefore has in the longitudinal direction of the strand formed through channels, which extend in the longitudinal direction meandered through the cross section of the strand.
  • the inventive method allows for the first time the formation of defined longitudinal channels in a foamed strand of material, so that in particular products can be formed by cutting from the material strand, which can be used for example as a smoking product usable because they have a low due to the longitudinal channels and beyond defined reproducible draw resistance ,
  • self-smoking products tobacco products
  • auxiliary products which can be used for smoking, such as, in particular, cigarette or pipe filters, which can also be inexpensively produced from paper foam or a similar material, with or without tobacco content. Since the longitudinal channels formed extend in irregularly undulating form through the strand, the desired filter effect is achieved by the material, because the gas flow passes through the longitudinal direction of the filter due to the serpentine longitudinal channels in intensive contact with the filter material.
  • the inventive method allows adjustment of the cross section of the longitudinal channels by the needles are axially displaced within the extrusion die. The further the needles are pushed into the region of the outlet opening, the less the cross section of the channels in the foaming material narrows after leaving the extrusion die. If, in extreme cases, the needles terminate in the plane of the outlet opening or even slightly downstream thereof, the cross section of the longitudinal channels is essentially determined by the cross section of the needles, since the foamable material outside the extrusion die expands substantially radially outward during foaming. In contrast, if the needles are positioned so as to be spaced apart from the orifice, foaming of the material within the extrusion die will result in radially inwardly directed pressure, thereby narrowing the longitudinal channels.
  • the distance of the ends of the needles from the feed opening forming a plane must be kept so small that foaming within the extrusion nozzle does not lead to closure of the longitudinal channels.
  • the controlled design of the longitudinal channels can be made even safer by the fact that located in the region of the outlet opening free ends of the needles are formed as tips, so tapered tapered.
  • the needles are conveniently attached to a common bracket.
  • the common support can be inserted into the extrusion die, so that it is flowed around by the material of the extrusion die. Alternatively, it is possible to press the material obliquely or perpendicular to the axis of the holder only in the region of the needles in the extrusion die. In this case, the common support is easily accessible and can be kept largely free of the foamable material.
  • the insertion of the common holder so into the extrusion die, that the holder is at least partially flowed around by the material brings with it the advantage of a simpler flow guidance for the foamable material with it.
  • the holder is formed with a tip tapering towards the outlet opening so as to assist the joining of the material streams into a desired solid strand.
  • the needles may preferably protrude from the conical surface of the tip of the holder.
  • the foam product produced according to the invention which is formed by cutting from an extruded strand, preferably has at least three tortuous longitudinal channels.
  • the longitudinal channels formed according to the invention preferably have a cross-section that is constant in the longitudinal direction.
  • foamable materials such as starch, cellulose, paper fibers, other fibrous materials, e.g. are mixed with starch, and mixtures of these materials as well as foamable metals in question.
  • Preferred foam products according to the invention are formed from tobacco material and constitute a smokable product.
  • so-called film tobaccos or tobacco dusts can also be used.
  • the smokable products can be made in the form of cigarettes, cigarillos and cigars.
  • the foam product according to the invention can also be designed as a filter through which it can flow, in particular as a filter for tobacco smoke, as used for cigarettes or pipes.
  • a foamed product according to the invention can be designed as a filter, membrane or degassing element of any foamable material which has a sufficient cohesion as a foamed strand.
  • a cigarette filter produced according to the invention can be produced from inexpensive paper foam and / or cellulose foam. He may possibly be provided with a proportion of tobacco, whereby the acceptance of the filter for many smokers is increased, as in this case, the filter is a tobacco product. In this case, it is possible to dispense with a paper cover sheet which covers the jacket wall of the filter, as is usual for today's acetate filters.
  • An extrusion apparatus suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention has a cylindrical extrusion nozzle with an outlet opening and is characterized by needles projecting into the cylindrical extrusion die, which are fastened to a holder, the needles protruding from the holder in the axial direction of the outlet opening.
  • a guidance of the material flow according to the method according to the invention is provided so that the foaming material flows around the needles, wherein the needles are positioned so that the longitudinal channels are formed according to the method according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 - a schematic view of an insert formed
  • FIG. 3 shows a front view of the extrusion nozzle with the needles inserted into the extrusion nozzle, which are surrounded by a foamable material
  • Figure 4 - a schematic representation of the foamable material within the extrusion die and after exiting the outlet opening of the extrusion die.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in a side view, needles 1, which are inserted into bores 2 of a common holder 3 and fastened there, for example by gluing with a temperature-resistant adhesive.
  • the common holder 3 consists of a cylindrical base body 4 with a circular cross-section, which is formed to its front end by a conically tapered jacket wall 5 to a conical tip 6.
  • the needles 1 protrude out of the common holder 3 in the region of the conical jacket wall 5 aaxially.
  • the common holder 3 is completed by an attached to the cylindrical base body 4 head part 7 with a larger diameter to an insert 8, which is inserted into an extrusion die 9, as shown in Figure 2.
  • the extrusion nozzle 9 is cylindrical and thus has a cylindrical channel 10 which terminates at the free end of the extrusion nozzle 9 in an outlet opening 11 which forms a plane 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the cylindrical channel 10 has a stepped diameter enlargement 13 and continues with a broadened channel 14 in the direction of a feed device (not shown), which supplies the foamable material under pressure to the extrusion nozzle 9.
  • the insert 8 thus becomes annular from the extrudate, which has already been partly built up. can be foamed, flows around and exits through the outlet opening 11.
  • the needles 1 terminate in the region of the outlet opening 11 with free ends 15, which are formed as conical tips 16.
  • the arrows V shown in Figure 2 illustrate that the insert 8 is mounted axially displaceable within the extrusion die 9, so that the distance of the tips 16 of the needles 1 from the plane 12 of the outlet opening 11 is adjustable, the needles 1 preferably in a common plane , which is parallel to the plane 12 of the outlet opening 11, terminate.
  • the needles 1 it is also conceivable to arrange the needles 1 at different distances from the outlet opening 11 in order to produce channels of different sizes in the foamed product, if desired.
  • FIG. 3 shows in plan view the outlet opening 11 of the extrusion nozzle 9, which is filled with foaming material 17 on account of the production process. It can be seen that the material 17 completely flows around the needles 1 and thus forms a fully cylindrical strand, except for longitudinal channels formed by the needles 1.
  • the material 17 is under pressure within the extrusion die and therefore expands only slightly. At the exit from the outlet opening 11, the material expands and expands radially considerably. After a certain distance E, the expansion ends and the foamed material begins to collapse, so that the diameter of a strand 18 forming outside the extrusion nozzle 9 decreases to a final diameter.
  • a longitudinal channel 19 is formed in the strand 18 for each needle 1.
  • the longitudinal channels have a substantially constant free cross-section - At least in the region of the final cross-section of the strand 18 - on lose by numerous Kollableitersvorrud the cooling expanded foam material 17 but their rectilinear formation and run in the strand 18 irregularly meandering, resulting in many three-dimensional changes in direction of the longitudinal channels 19.
  • the foam product according to the invention which is formed by cutting from the cooled strand 18, thus has irregularly serpentine longitudinal channels 19, which is particularly advantageous for the formation of the product as a filter material through which a gas flows in the longitudinal direction.
  • the longitudinal channels 19 are produced in a defined manner in the production of the strand 18 and that the cross section of the longitudinal channels 19 can be controlled by adjusting the insert 8 with the needles 1 within the extrusion die 9. It can thus produce a material with a defined flow resistance in the axial direction without any rework and endless.
  • the number of longitudinal channels 19 produced can be selected arbitrarily within the available cross section of the strand 18 or of the product produced therefrom.
  • the present invention has its practical significance, in particular for strands having a final diameter of less than 30 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

To produce a cable (18) from a foamable material (17) by extruding the material (17) under pressure via an extrusion nozzle (9) with an outlet (11), from which the material (17) is foamed to form the cable (18), needles (1) are inserted into the extrusion nozzle (9). The material (17) flows around such needles, which end near the outlet (11) in such a way that, during the foaming process, the longitudinal channels (19) formed by the needles (1) are no longer closed, both inside the outlet (11) and downstream thereof. The clear cross section of the longitudinal channels (19) can be adjusted. The preferred products produced by this method are filters for tobacco products, particularly cigarettes and foamed tobacco products intended for smoking.

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem schäumbaren Material gebildeten Strangs durch Extrusion, Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und Schaumprodukt Process for the preparation of a strand formed from a foamable material by extrusion, extrusion device for carrying out the process and foam product

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem schäumbaren Material gebildeten Strangs durch Extrudieren des unter Druck stehenden Materials durch eine Extrusionsdüse mit einer Austrittsöffnung, aus der das Material unter Aufschäumen austritt und den Strang bildet.The invention relates to a method for producing a strand formed from a foamable material by extruding the material under pressure through an extrusion die with an outlet opening from which the material emerges under foaming and forms the strand.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner eine Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens und ein Schaumprodukt, das von einem extrudierten Strang aus geschäumtem Material abgelängt ist.The invention further relates to an extrusion apparatus for carrying out the method and to a foam product cut to length from an extruded strand of foamed material.

Die Herstellung eines Strangs aus schäumbarem Material durch Extrusion des unter Druck stehenden Materials ist grundsätzlich bekannt. Dabei können beliebige Formen des Strangs durch die Extrusionsdüse realisiert werden. Insbesondere kann die Extrusionsdüse einen kreiszylindrischen, quadratischen oder vieleckigen Querschnitt aufweisen und auch als Flachdüse ausgebildet sein.The production of a strand of foamable material by extrusion of the material under pressure is known in principle. In this case, any shapes of the strand can be realized by the extrusion die. In particular, the extrusion die can have a circular-cylindrical, square or polygonal cross-section and can also be designed as a flat die.

Durch DE 35 44 717 A1 ist es bekannt, in einem derartigen Verfahren Füllkörper aus Papierschaum herzustellen, wobei die Füllkörper durch Ablängung aus dem Extrusionsstrang entstehen.From DE 35 44 717 A1 it is known to produce paper foam foams in such a process, wherein the fillers are formed by cutting from the extrusion strand.

Durch EP 0 744 904 B1 ist es ferner bekannt, derartige geschäumte Stränge aus einem Tabakmaterial herzustellen. Das Aufschäumen mit Hilfe von Wasserdampf führt dabei zu einer unregelmäßigen Ausbildung von Längskanälen in dem aufgeschäumten Tabakmaterial. Die Ausbildung von Längskanälen ist für die Rauchbarkeit des Tabakmaterials wesentlich. Voraussetzung für ein marktfähiges Produkt ist allerdings ein möglichst gleichmäßiger definierter Zugwiderstand für das Ziehen von Luft durch das geschäumte Material, wie dies durch gleichmäßig gepackte Zigaretten oder Zigarren bekannt ist. Ein derartiger gleich bleibender und definierter Zugwiderstand lässt sich bei den bekannten ge- schäumten Produkten nicht beim Herstellungsprozess erreichen. Die Verwendung von geschäumten Strangprodukten für Rauchzwecke ist daher zwar angedacht, jedoch nicht zu einem marktfähigen Produkt entwickelt worden.It is further known from EP 0 744 904 B1 to produce such foamed strands from a tobacco material. The foaming with the aid of water vapor leads to an irregular formation of longitudinal channels in the foamed tobacco material. The formation of longitudinal channels is essential for the smokability of the tobacco material. However, the prerequisite for a marketable product is a more uniformly defined draw resistance for the drawing of air through the foamed material, as is known by evenly packed cigarettes or cigars. Such a constant and defined draw resistance can be determined in the known Foamed products do not reach the manufacturing process. The use of foamed strand products for smoking purposes has therefore been considered, but has not been developed into a marketable product.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen aus schäumbarem Material gebildeten Strang durch Extrudieren herzustellen, der aufgrund definierter Eigenschaften verbesserte Anwendungsmöglichkeiten aufweist.The present invention has for its object to produce a strand formed from foamable material by extrusion, which has improved application possibilities due to defined properties.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß bei einem Verfahren der eingangs erwähnten Art dadurch, dass in die Extrusionsdüse in Strömungsrichtung ausgerichtete Nadeln eingesetzt werden, die von dem Material umströmt werden und die so in dem Bereich der Austrittsöffnung enden, dass beim Aufschäumen in und stromabwärts von der Austrittsöffnung die durch die Nadeln gebildeten Längskanäle nicht mehr geschlossen werden.The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned in that in the extrusion nozzle aligned in the direction of flow needles are used, which are flowed around by the material and so ends in the region of the outlet opening that when foaming in and downstream of the Outlet opening formed by the needles longitudinal channels are no longer closed.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gelingt es, in dem geschäumten Materialstrang, der vorzugsweise ein Vollstrang ist, Längskanäle mit einem definierten freien Querschnitt bereits während der Extrusion einzubringen. Da das Material beim Austreten aus der Austrittsöffnung aufschäumt und dabei auch Stochastiken kollabiert, entstehen Längskanäle, die sich nicht geradlinig durch den geschäumten Strang erstrecken, sondern in einer unregelmäßig geschlängelten Form. Das aus dem Strang aus geschäumtem Material abgelängte Schaumprodukt gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung weist daher in Längsrichtung des Stranges ausgebildete durchgehende Kanäle auf, die in Längsrichtung geschlängelt durch den Querschnitt des Strangs verlaufen.By means of the method according to the invention, it is possible to introduce longitudinal channels with a defined free cross-section already during the extrusion in the foamed material strand, which is preferably a solid strand. Since the material foams on exiting the exit opening and thereby also collapses stochastics, longitudinal channels are formed which do not extend in a straight line through the foamed strand, but in an irregular meandering shape. The foamed from the strand of foamed material foam product according to the present invention therefore has in the longitudinal direction of the strand formed through channels, which extend in the longitudinal direction meandered through the cross section of the strand.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ermöglicht erstmalig die Ausbildung definierter Längskanäle in einem geschäumten Materialstrang, sodass aus dem Materialstrang insbesondere Produkte durch Ablängen gebildet werden können, die beispielsweise als beim Rauchen verwendbares Produkt einsetzbar sind, weil sie einen aufgrund der Längskanäle geringen und darüber hinaus definiert reproduzierbaren Zugwiderstand aufweisen. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sind nicht nur selbstrauchbare Produkte (Tabakprodukte) herstellbar, sondern auch beim Rauchen verwendbare Hilfs- produkte, wie insbesondere Zigaretten- oder Pfeifenfilter, die auch preisgünstig aus Papierschaum oder einem ähnlichen Material - mit oder ohne Tabakinhalt - herstellbar sind. Da sich die gebildeten Längskanäle in unregelmäßig ge- schlängelter Form durch den Strang erstrecken, wird durch das Material die angestrebte Filterwirkung erzielt, weil der Gasstrom durch die Längsrichtung des Filters aufgrund der geschlängelten Längskanäle in einen intensiven Kontakt mit dem Filtermaterial gelangt.The inventive method allows for the first time the formation of defined longitudinal channels in a foamed strand of material, so that in particular products can be formed by cutting from the material strand, which can be used for example as a smoking product usable because they have a low due to the longitudinal channels and beyond defined reproducible draw resistance , With the method according to the invention, not only self-smoking products (tobacco products) can be produced, but also auxiliary products which can be used for smoking, such as, in particular, cigarette or pipe filters, which can also be inexpensively produced from paper foam or a similar material, with or without tobacco content. Since the longitudinal channels formed extend in irregularly undulating form through the strand, the desired filter effect is achieved by the material, because the gas flow passes through the longitudinal direction of the filter due to the serpentine longitudinal channels in intensive contact with the filter material.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt eine Einstellung des Querschnitts der Längskanäle, indem die Nadeln innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse axial verschoben werden. Je weiter die Nadeln in den Bereich der Austrittsöffnung geschoben werden, desto weniger verengt sich der Querschnitt der Kanäle in dem auf- schäumenden Material nach dem Verlassen der Extrusionsdüse. Wenn im Extremfall die Nadeln in der Ebene der Austrittsöffnung oder gar etwas stromabwärts davon enden, wird der Querschnitt der Längskanäle im Wesentlichen durch den Querschnitt der Nadeln bestimmt, da sich das schäumbare Material außerhalb der Extrusionsdüse beim Schäumen im Wesentlichen nach radial außen ausdehnt. Wenn hingegen die Nadeln so positioniert werden, dass sie mit Abstand vor der Mündungsöffnung angeordnet sind, führt das Aufschäumen des Materials innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse zu einem nach radial innen gerichteten Druck, wodurch sich die Längskanäle verengen. Erfindungsgemäß muss der Abstand der Enden der Nadeln von der eine Ebene bildenden Zuführöff- nung so gering gehalten werden, dass das Aufschäumen innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse nicht zu einem Verschließen der Längskanäle führt. Durch eine axiale Variation der Position der Enden der Nadeln kann somit eine Veränderung des freien Querschnitts der gebildeten Längskanäle erreicht werden.The inventive method allows adjustment of the cross section of the longitudinal channels by the needles are axially displaced within the extrusion die. The further the needles are pushed into the region of the outlet opening, the less the cross section of the channels in the foaming material narrows after leaving the extrusion die. If, in extreme cases, the needles terminate in the plane of the outlet opening or even slightly downstream thereof, the cross section of the longitudinal channels is essentially determined by the cross section of the needles, since the foamable material outside the extrusion die expands substantially radially outward during foaming. In contrast, if the needles are positioned so as to be spaced apart from the orifice, foaming of the material within the extrusion die will result in radially inwardly directed pressure, thereby narrowing the longitudinal channels. According to the invention, the distance of the ends of the needles from the feed opening forming a plane must be kept so small that foaming within the extrusion nozzle does not lead to closure of the longitudinal channels. By an axial variation of the position of the ends of the needles can thus be achieved a change in the free cross section of the longitudinal channels formed.

Die kontrollierte Ausbildung der Längskanäle lässt sich noch dadurch sicherer gestalten, dass die im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung befindlichen freien Enden der Nadeln als Spitzen ausgebildet werden, also konisch spitz zulaufen. Die Nadeln sind zweckmäßigerweise an einer gemeinsamen Halterung befestigt. Die gemeinsame Halterung kann in die Extrusionsdüse eingesetzt sein, sodass sie vom Material der Extrusionsdüse umströmt wird. Alternativ ist es möglich, das Material schräg oder senkrecht zur Achse der Halterung erst im Bereich der Nadeln in die Extrusionsdüse einzupressen. In diesem Fall ist die gemeinsame Halterung leicht zugänglich und kann weitgehend frei von dem schäumbaren Material gehalten werden.The controlled design of the longitudinal channels can be made even safer by the fact that located in the region of the outlet opening free ends of the needles are formed as tips, so tapered tapered. The needles are conveniently attached to a common bracket. The common support can be inserted into the extrusion die, so that it is flowed around by the material of the extrusion die. Alternatively, it is possible to press the material obliquely or perpendicular to the axis of the holder only in the region of the needles in the extrusion die. In this case, the common support is easily accessible and can be kept largely free of the foamable material.

Das Einsetzen der gemeinsamen Halterung so in die Extrusionsdüse, dass die Halterung zumindest teilweise vom Material umströmt wird, bringt den Vorteil einer einfacheren Strömungsführung für das schäumbare Material mit sich. Insbesondere in diesem Fall ist es zweckmäßig, wenn die Halterung mit einer zur Austrittsöffnung hin zulaufenden Spitze ausgebildet wird, um so das Zusammenschließen der Materialströme zu einem gewünschten massiven Strang zu unterstützen. Die Nadeln können dabei vorzugsweise aus der konischen Oberfläche der Spitze der Halterung herausragen.The insertion of the common holder so into the extrusion die, that the holder is at least partially flowed around by the material, brings with it the advantage of a simpler flow guidance for the foamable material with it. In particular, in this case, it is expedient if the holder is formed with a tip tapering towards the outlet opening so as to assist the joining of the material streams into a desired solid strand. The needles may preferably protrude from the conical surface of the tip of the holder.

Das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Schaumprodukt, das durch Ablängung aus einem extrudierten Strang gebildet wird, weist vorzugsweise wenigstens drei geschlängelte Längskanäle auf.The foam product produced according to the invention, which is formed by cutting from an extruded strand, preferably has at least three tortuous longitudinal channels.

Die erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Längskanäle weisen vorzugsweise einen in Längsrichtung konstanten Querschnitt auf.The longitudinal channels formed according to the invention preferably have a cross-section that is constant in the longitudinal direction.

Für die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens kommen alle schäum- baren Materialien, wie Stärke, Zellulose, Papierfasern, andere faserhaltige Materialien, die z.B. mit Stärke versetzt werden, und auch Gemische dieser Materialien sowie auch schäumbare Metalle, in Frage.For the application of the method according to the invention, all foamable materials, such as starch, cellulose, paper fibers, other fibrous materials, e.g. are mixed with starch, and mixtures of these materials as well as foamable metals in question.

Bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Schaumprodukte sind aus Tabakmaterial gebil- det und stellen ein rauchbares Produkt dar. Dabei können auch sogenannte Folientabake oder Tabakstäube verwendet werden. Die rauchbaren Produkte können in Form von Zigaretten, Zigarillos und Zigarren hergestellt sein. Das erfindungsgemäße Schaumprodukt kann auch als durchströmbarer Filter ausgebildet sein, insbesondere als Filter für Tabakrauch, wie sie für Zigaretten oder Pfeifen Verwendung finden. Generell kann ein erfindungsgemäßes Schaumprodukt als Filter, Membrane oder Entgasungselement aus beliebigem schäumbarem Material, das als geschäumter Strang eine ausreichende Kohä- sion aufweist, ausgebildet sein.Preferred foam products according to the invention are formed from tobacco material and constitute a smokable product. In so doing, so-called film tobaccos or tobacco dusts can also be used. The smokable products can be made in the form of cigarettes, cigarillos and cigars. The foam product according to the invention can also be designed as a filter through which it can flow, in particular as a filter for tobacco smoke, as used for cigarettes or pipes. In general, a foamed product according to the invention can be designed as a filter, membrane or degassing element of any foamable material which has a sufficient cohesion as a foamed strand.

Ein erfindungsgemäß hergestellter Zigarettenfilter kann aus preiswertem Papierschaum und/oder Zelluloseschaum hergestellt sein. Er kann dabei ggf. mit einem Tabakanteil versehen werden, wodurch die Akzeptanz des Filters für zahlreiche Raucher erhöht wird, da in diesem Fall auch der Filter ein Tabakerzeugnis ist. Dabei kann auf ein die Mantelwandung des Filters abdeckendes Papier-Abdeckblatt, wie es für die heutigen Acetatfilter üblich ist, verzichtet werden.A cigarette filter produced according to the invention can be produced from inexpensive paper foam and / or cellulose foam. He may possibly be provided with a proportion of tobacco, whereby the acceptance of the filter for many smokers is increased, as in this case, the filter is a tobacco product. In this case, it is possible to dispense with a paper cover sheet which covers the jacket wall of the filter, as is usual for today's acetate filters.

Eine zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens geeignete Extrusi- onsvorrichtung weist eine zylindrische Extrusionsdüse mit einer Austrittsöffnung auf und ist gekennzeichnet durch in die zylindrische Extrusionsdüse ragende Nadeln, die an einer Halterung befestigt sind, wobei die Nadeln aus der Halte- rung axialen Richtung der Austrittsöffnung herausragen.An extrusion apparatus suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention has a cylindrical extrusion nozzle with an outlet opening and is characterized by needles projecting into the cylindrical extrusion die, which are fastened to a holder, the needles protruding from the holder in the axial direction of the outlet opening.

Dabei ist eine Führung des Materialflusses gemäß dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren so vorgesehen, dass das schäumende Material die Nadeln umströmt, wobei die Nadeln so positioniert sind, dass die Längskanäle nach dem erfin- dungsgemäßen Verfahren ausgebildet werden.In this case, a guidance of the material flow according to the method according to the invention is provided so that the foaming material flows around the needles, wherein the needles are positioned so that the longitudinal channels are formed according to the method according to the invention.

Die Erfindung soll im Folgenden anhand von in der Zeichnung dargestellten schematischen Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to schematic embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:

Figur 1 - eine schematische Ansicht einer als Einsatz ausgebildetenFigure 1 - a schematic view of an insert formed

Halterung für axial aus der Halterung herausstehende Nadeln Figur 2 - den Einsatz aus Figur 1 , der in eine Extrusionsdüse axial verschiebbar eingesetzt istBracket for axially protruding from the bracket needles Figure 2 - the insert of Figure 1, which is inserted axially displaceable in an extrusion die

Figur 3 - eine Frontansicht der Extrusionsdüse mit den in die Extru- sionsdüse eingesetzten Nadeln, die von einem schäumbaren Material umströmt werdenFIG. 3 shows a front view of the extrusion nozzle with the needles inserted into the extrusion nozzle, which are surrounded by a foamable material

Figur 4 - eine schematische Darstellung des schäumbaren Materials innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse und nach dem Austritt aus der Austrittsöffnung der Extrusionsdüse.Figure 4 - a schematic representation of the foamable material within the extrusion die and after exiting the outlet opening of the extrusion die.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer Seitenansicht Nadeln 1 , die in Bohrungen 2 einer gemeinsamen Halterung 3 eingesetzt und dort, beispielsweise durch Klebung mit ei- nem temperaturfesten Kleber, befestigt sind. Die gemeinsame Halterung 3 besteht aus einem zylindrischen Grundkörper 4 mit einem kreisförmigen Querschnitt, der zu seinem vorderen Ende hin durch eine konisch abgeschrägte Mantelwand 5 zu einer konischen Spitze 6 ausgebildet ist. Die Nadeln 1 ragen aus der gemeinsamen Halterung 3 im Bereich der konischen Mantelwand 5 a- xial heraus.FIG. 1 shows, in a side view, needles 1, which are inserted into bores 2 of a common holder 3 and fastened there, for example by gluing with a temperature-resistant adhesive. The common holder 3 consists of a cylindrical base body 4 with a circular cross-section, which is formed to its front end by a conically tapered jacket wall 5 to a conical tip 6. The needles 1 protrude out of the common holder 3 in the region of the conical jacket wall 5 aaxially.

Die gemeinsame Halterung 3 ist durch ein an den zylindrischen Grundkörper 4 angesetztes Kopfteil 7 mit einem größeren Durchmesser zu einem Einsatz 8 komplettiert, der in eine Extrusionsdüse 9 eingesetzt wird, wie dies in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Die Extrusionsdüse 9 ist zylindrisch ausgebildet und weist somit einen zylindrischen Kanal 10 auf, der am freien Ende der Extrusionsdüse 9 in einer Austrittsöffnung 11 endet, die eine senkrecht zur Längsachse stehende Ebene 12 bildet. Der zylindrische Kanal 10 weist eine stufenförmige Durchmessererweiterung 13 auf und setzt sich mit einem verbreiterten Kanal 14 in Rich- tung einer (nicht dargestellten) Zuführeinrichtung, die das schäumbare Material unter Druck der Extrusionsdüse 9 zuführt, fort. Der Einsatz 8 wird in dieser Ausführungsform somit ringförmig von dem Extrudat, das bereits teilweise aufge- schäumt sein kann, umströmt und tritt durch die Austrittsöffnung 11 aus. Die Nadeln 1 enden im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung 11 mit freien Enden 15, die als konische Spitzen 16 ausgebildet sind.The common holder 3 is completed by an attached to the cylindrical base body 4 head part 7 with a larger diameter to an insert 8, which is inserted into an extrusion die 9, as shown in Figure 2. The extrusion nozzle 9 is cylindrical and thus has a cylindrical channel 10 which terminates at the free end of the extrusion nozzle 9 in an outlet opening 11 which forms a plane 12 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cylindrical channel 10 has a stepped diameter enlargement 13 and continues with a broadened channel 14 in the direction of a feed device (not shown), which supplies the foamable material under pressure to the extrusion nozzle 9. In this embodiment, the insert 8 thus becomes annular from the extrudate, which has already been partly built up. can be foamed, flows around and exits through the outlet opening 11. The needles 1 terminate in the region of the outlet opening 11 with free ends 15, which are formed as conical tips 16.

Die in Figur 2 dargestellten Pfeile V verdeutlichen, dass der Einsatz 8 innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse 9 axial verschiebbar gelagert ist, sodass der Abstand der Spitzen 16 der Nadeln 1 von der Ebene 12 der Austrittsöffnung 11 einstellbar ist, wobei die Nadeln 1 vorzugsweise in einer gemeinsamen Ebene, die parallel zur Ebene 12 der Austrittsöffnung 11 liegt, enden. Es ist allerdings auch denk- bar, die Nadeln 1 mit unterschiedlichen Abständen zur Austrittsöffnung 11 anzuordnen, um unterschiedlich große Kanäle in dem geschäumten Produkt zu erzeugen, wenn dies gewünscht wird.The arrows V shown in Figure 2 illustrate that the insert 8 is mounted axially displaceable within the extrusion die 9, so that the distance of the tips 16 of the needles 1 from the plane 12 of the outlet opening 11 is adjustable, the needles 1 preferably in a common plane , which is parallel to the plane 12 of the outlet opening 11, terminate. However, it is also conceivable to arrange the needles 1 at different distances from the outlet opening 11 in order to produce channels of different sizes in the foamed product, if desired.

Figur 3 zeigt in Draufsicht die Austrittsöffnung 11 der Extrusionsdüse 9, die aufgrund des Herstellungsprozesses mit schäumendem Material 17 gefüllt ist. Es ist erkennbar, dass das Material 17 die Nadeln 1 vollständig umströmt und so einen - bis auf durch die Nadeln 1 gebildete Längskanäle - vollzylindrischen Strang ausbildet.FIG. 3 shows in plan view the outlet opening 11 of the extrusion nozzle 9, which is filled with foaming material 17 on account of the production process. It can be seen that the material 17 completely flows around the needles 1 and thus forms a fully cylindrical strand, except for longitudinal channels formed by the needles 1.

Dies wird in Figur 4 verdeutlicht. Das Material 17 steht innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse unter Druck und expandiert daher nur geringfügig. Beim Austritt aus der Austrittsöffnung 11 entspannt sich das Material und expandiert radial erheblich. Nach einer gewissen Strecke E endet die Expansion und das aufge- schäumte Material beginnt zu kollabieren, sodass sich der Durchmesser eines sich außerhalb der Extrusionsdüse 9 ausbildenden Stranges 18 bis auf einen Enddurchmesser verringert.This is illustrated in FIG. The material 17 is under pressure within the extrusion die and therefore expands only slightly. At the exit from the outlet opening 11, the material expands and expands radially considerably. After a certain distance E, the expansion ends and the foamed material begins to collapse, so that the diameter of a strand 18 forming outside the extrusion nozzle 9 decreases to a final diameter.

Da das Material 17 die Nadeln 1 bis in den Bereich der Austrittsöffnung 11 um- strömt und sich anschließend auf der Strecke E stark nach radial außen ausdehnt, bildet sich in dem Strang 18 für jede Nadel 1 ein Längskanal 19 aus. Die Längskanäle weisen zwar einen im Wesentlichen konstanten freien Querschnitt - zumindest im Bereich des Endquerschnitt des Strangs 18 - auf, verlieren durch zahlreiche Kollabierungsvorgänge des erkaltenden expandierten Schaummaterials 17 jedoch ihre geradlinige Ausbildung und verlaufen in dem Strang 18 unregelmäßig geschlängelt, wobei sich zahlreiche dreidimensionale Richtungsänderungen der Längskanäle 19 ergeben.Since the material 17 flows around the needles 1 into the region of the outlet opening 11 and then expands radially outward along the path E, a longitudinal channel 19 is formed in the strand 18 for each needle 1. Although the longitudinal channels have a substantially constant free cross-section - At least in the region of the final cross-section of the strand 18 - on lose by numerous Kollabierungsvorgänge the cooling expanded foam material 17 but their rectilinear formation and run in the strand 18 irregularly meandering, resulting in many three-dimensional changes in direction of the longitudinal channels 19.

Das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Schaumprodukt, das durch Ablängen aus dem erkalteten Strang 18 gebildet ist, weist somit unregelmäßig geschlängelte Längskanäle 19 auf, was für die Ausbildung des Produktes als Filtermaterial, durch das ein Gas in Längsrichtung durchströmt, besonders vorteilhaft ist.The foam product according to the invention, which is formed by cutting from the cooled strand 18, thus has irregularly serpentine longitudinal channels 19, which is particularly advantageous for the formation of the product as a filter material through which a gas flows in the longitudinal direction.

Es ist ohne weiteres erkennbar, dass die Längskanäle 19 bei der Herstellung des Strangs 18 in definierter Weise entstehen und dass der Querschnitt der Längskanäle 19 durch die Einstellung des Einsatzes 8 mit den Nadeln 1 inner- halb der Extrusionsdüse 9 definiert steuerbar ist. Es lässt sich somit ein Material mit einem definierten Durchströmwiderstand in Axialrichtung ohne jegliche Nacharbeit auch endlos produzieren. Die Anzahl der hergestellten Längskanäle 19 kann beliebig innerhalb des zur Verfügung stehenden Querschnitts des Strangs 18 bzw. des daraus hergestellten Produkts gewählt werden. Die vorlie- gende Erfindung hat ihre praktische Bedeutung insbesondere für Stränge mit einem Enddurchmesser unter 30 mm. It can readily be seen that the longitudinal channels 19 are produced in a defined manner in the production of the strand 18 and that the cross section of the longitudinal channels 19 can be controlled by adjusting the insert 8 with the needles 1 within the extrusion die 9. It can thus produce a material with a defined flow resistance in the axial direction without any rework and endless. The number of longitudinal channels 19 produced can be selected arbitrarily within the available cross section of the strand 18 or of the product produced therefrom. The present invention has its practical significance, in particular for strands having a final diameter of less than 30 mm.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aus einem schäumbaren Material (17) gebildeten Strangs (18) durch Extrudieren des unter Druck stehenden Materials (17) durch eine Extrusionsdüse (9) mit einer AustrittsöffnungA process for producing a strand (18) formed from a foamable material (17) by extruding the pressurized material (17) through an extrusion die (9) having an exit orifice (11 ), aus der das Material (17) unter Aufschäumen austritt und den Strang (18) bildet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in die Extrusionsdüse (9) Nadeln (1 ) eingesetzt werden, die von dem Material (17) umströmt werden und die so in dem Bereich der Austrittsöffnung (11 ) enden, dass beim Aufschäumen in und stromabwärts von der Austrittsöffnung (11 ) die durch die Nadeln (1) gebildeten Längskanäle (19) nicht mehr geschlossen werden.(11), from which the material (17) emerges under foaming and the strand (18), characterized in that in the extrusion die (9) needles (1) are used, which are flowed around by the material (17) and the so in the region of the outlet opening (11) terminate that when foaming in and downstream of the outlet opening (11) formed by the needles (1) longitudinal channels (19) are no longer closed. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nadeln (1) zur Einstellung des Querschnitts der Kanäle (19) innerhalb der Extrusionsdüse (9) axial verschoben werden.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the needles (1) for adjusting the cross section of the channels (19) are axially displaced within the extrusion die (9). 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur kontrollierten Ausbildung der Längskanäle (19) Nadeln (1 ) mit im Bereich der Austrittsöffnung (11 ) befindlichen, als Spitzen (16) ausgebildeten freien Enden (15) verwendet werden.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that for the controlled formation of the longitudinal channels (19) needles (1) located in the region of the outlet opening (11), as tips (16) formed free ends (15) are used. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nadeln (1) an einer gemeinsamen Halterung (3) befestigt wer- den.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the needles (1) on a common support (3) are attached. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gemeinsame Halterung (3) als Einsatz (8) in die Extrusionsdüse (9) eingesetzt und vom Material (17) in der Extrusionsdüse (9) umströmt ' wird. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the common holder (3) used as an insert (8) in the extrusion die (9) and by the material (17) in the extrusion die (9) flows around ' is. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die Halterung (3) mittels einer zur Austrittsöffnung (11 ) hin zulaufenden Spitze (6) die Ausbildung eines massiven Strangs (18) unterstützt wird.6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that by the holder (3) by means of a to the outlet opening (11) tapering tip (6), the formation of a solid strand (18) is supported. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nadeln (1 ) aus einer konischen Oberfläche (5) der Spitze (6) der Halterung (3) herausragend angeordnet werden.7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the needles (1) from a conical surface (5) of the tip (6) of the holder (3) are arranged outstanding. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 zur Herstellung eines den zylindrischen Querschnitt der Extrusionsdüse (9) außerhalb der Längskanäle (19) voll ausfüllenden Strangs (18).8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 for producing a cylindrical cross-section of the extrusion die (9) outside the longitudinal channels (19) fully filling strand (18). 9. Extrusionsvorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, mit einer Extrusionsdüse (9) mit einer Austrittsöffnung (11 ), gekennzeichnet durch in die Extrusionsdüse (9) ragende Nadeln9. Extrusion device for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 8, with an extrusion nozzle (9) having an outlet opening (11), characterized by in the extrusion die (9) projecting needles (1 ), die an einer Halterung (3) befestigt sind, aus der die Nadeln (1 ) axial in Richtung Austrittsöffnung (11 ) herausragen.(1), which are fastened to a holder (3) from which the needles (1) protrude axially in the direction of the outlet opening (11). 10. Extrusionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halterung (3) zur Austrittsöffnung (11 ) hin konisch spitz ausgebildet ist und dass die Nadeln (1) aus der konischen Oberfläche (5) der Halterung (3) herausragen.10. Extrusion device according to claim 9, characterized in that the holder (3) is conically pointed to the outlet opening (11) and that the needles (1) protrude from the conical surface (5) of the holder (3). 11. Extrusionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeich- net, dass die Nadeln (1) als Spitzen (16) ausgebildete freie Enden (15) aufweisen.11. Extrusion device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized marked, that the needles (1) as tips (16) formed free ends (15). 12. Extrusionsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Halterung (3) als ein vom Material (17) umström- barer Einsatz für die Extrusionsdüse (9) ausgebildet ist. 12. Extrusion device according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the holder (3) as a material (17) umström- ble insert for the extrusion die (9) is formed. 13. Von einem extrudierten Strang (18) aus geschäumtem Material (17) abgelängtes Schaumprodukt, gekennzeichnet durch in Längsrichtung des Strangs (18) ausgebildete durchgehende Kanäle (19), die in Längsrichtung geschlängelt durch den Querschnitt des Strangs (18) verlaufen.13. foam product cut to length from an extruded strand (18) of foamed material (17), characterized by continuous channels (19) formed in the longitudinal direction of the strand (18), which run longitudinally through the cross section of the strand (18). 14. Schaumprodukt nach Anspruch 13, gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens drei Längskanäle (19).14. Foamed product according to claim 13, characterized by at least three longitudinal channels (19). 15. Schaumprodukt nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es aus Tabakmaterial gebildet ist.15. Foamed product according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that it is formed from tobacco material. 16. Schaumprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Schaumprodukt als Zigarettenfilter ausgebildet ist.16. Foamed product according to one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that the foam product is designed as a cigarette filter. 17. Schaumprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens einen Anteil Papierschaum und/oder Zelluloseschaum.17. Foamed product according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized by at least a proportion of paper foam and / or cellulose foam. 18. Schaumprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längskanäle (19) einen in Längsrichtung konstanten freien Querschnitt aufweisen. 18. Foamed product according to one of claims 13 to 17, characterized in that the longitudinal channels (19) have a longitudinally constant free cross-section.
PCT/DE2007/001164 2006-06-29 2007-06-28 A method for the production of a cable extruded from a foamable material, the extrusion device for carrying out this method, and the foamed product Ceased WO2008000251A1 (en)

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DE102006030414A DE102006030414A1 (en) 2006-06-29 2006-06-29 Process for the preparation of a strand formed from a foamable material by extrusion, extrusion device for carrying out the process and foam product
DE102006030414.4 2006-06-29

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DE102011050769A1 (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 Sven Pracht Filter element and filter for tobacco products and a method for producing the filter element

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EP0744904A1 (en) * 1995-01-28 1996-12-04 H.F. & Ph.F. Reemtsma GmbH & Co Method of producing a tobacco product for smoking
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US3941157A (en) * 1974-07-24 1976-03-02 Barnett Louis H High strength multiple passageway plastic conduit
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WO1991003372A1 (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-03-21 Ametek Variable thickness foam plank
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