WO2008093260A2 - Solid oxide fuel cell with multi-membranes in a single cell - Google Patents
Solid oxide fuel cell with multi-membranes in a single cell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008093260A2 WO2008093260A2 PCT/IB2008/050242 IB2008050242W WO2008093260A2 WO 2008093260 A2 WO2008093260 A2 WO 2008093260A2 IB 2008050242 W IB2008050242 W IB 2008050242W WO 2008093260 A2 WO2008093260 A2 WO 2008093260A2
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- WO
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- Prior art keywords
- gas
- cell
- fuel cells
- membranes
- cells
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
- H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/2432—Grouping of unit cells of planar configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/026—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant characterised by grooves, e.g. their pitch or depth
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel cell design and to helical structure of gas channels employed in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs).
- SOFCs Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- the present invention provides a novel version of a distinctly-designed cell of solid oxide fuel cells. Two significant improvements have been made in the design of said novel cell:
- novel gas dividers allowing the assembly of a plurality of membranes (electrolytes) required for the SOFC into a single cell;
- the operation principle of fuel cells is based on converting the energy that results from chemical reaction into electrical energy [1 ,2]. As long as fuel is fed, the fuel cells shall keep producing electrical energy, heat, and water. This reaction is formed by the contact of the membrane within the fuel cells to reducing and oxidizing agents. Membranes are designated as the heart of the fuel cells. The amount of energy produced from fuel cells depends typically on the number, area, and quality of membranes. The number and area of membranes within fuel cells determine respectively the voltage and power. Fuel cells are named differently as following, depending on the type of electrolytes employed therein:
- AFC Alkaline fuel cells
- PAFC Phosphoric acid fuel cells
- SOFC Solid oxide fuel cells
- Fuel cells may provide low-, medium-, and large-capacity electrical power production. They have the following advantages over conventional power producing systems:
- SOFCs Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for utilization in military and civil fields such as houses, vehicles, submarines, and other equipments and industrial fields. There have been already manufactured 0.5 to 500 kW rating SOFCs [3, 4]. SOFCs operate with hydrogen obtained as a result of cracking fossil fuels at high temperatures [4]. A single cell is composed of a plurality of fuel cells. A single SOFC produces 20 to 50 W power in average. Several fuel cells are brought together, resulting in a "stack" formation, to produce more energy. Likewise, the number of fuel cells within such stack determine the power of fuel cells. As a result of studies, it has been seen that the bipolar plates in fuel cells contribute to more than 60% by weight of the entire stack and to around 30% of cost.
- each cell is composed of two current-collecting electrodes assembled on the surface of a ceramic membrane of which the two sides are coated with catalyst.
- One electrode cathode
- the other electrode anode
- hydrogen (H 2 ) gas it has been contemplated to position a plurality of membranes on a single cell (figures 1 and 2).
- the bipolar plates developed by us may be used on small, medium, and large fuel cells and provide the following advantages:
- Figure 1 illustrates a single-cell multi-membrane SOFC.
- cylindrically shaped stacks may be used in any desired numbers.
- Hydrogen and oxygen gases are separately supplied to cells, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
- Figure 2 illustrates another version of a single-cell multi-membrane SOFC.
- cylindrically-shaped stacks may be produced in any desired numbers. Elasticity is ensured by means of a spring (5) provided thereon. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are supplied from a single gas divider onto different surfaces, wherein the reference numbers in this figure have the following meanings:
- Figure 3 illustrates a multi-membrane fuel cell.
- Gas dividers distributed by means of tubes to provide a relatively low-weight configuration, wherein the reference numbers in this figure have the following meanings:
- Figure 4 illustrates the supply of hydrogen and oxygen gases separately to gas dividers, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
- FIG. 5 illustrates the hydrogen gas flow diagram only while a plurality of gas dividers operate in "stack", wherein the reference numbers in this figure have the following meanings:
- Figure 6 illustrates a plurality of helical gas flow channels on a single plate, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
- FIG. 7 illustrates the flow channels of gas in the plate, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
- Figure 8 illustrates the assembly of several gas divider plates.
- the flow diagram of hydrogen and oxygen gases in gas dividers formed by a stack configuration are shown, wherein the reference numbers used here are individually defined as following:
- Figure 9 illustrates a cross-section of the gas divider plate, wherein the reference numbers used here are defined individually as following:
- Figure 10 illustrates the gas flow and the cross-section of gas divider plates assembled one on the other, i.e. in a superimposed manner, wherein the reference numbers used here are defined individually as following:
- SOFCs are widely used in the industry. No size-related problems are faced for SOFCs used in the industry. The compactness, however, becomes a prerequisite for the size of SOFCs designed for houses, trucks, submarines, etc. Thanks to positioning any desired number of membranes (electrolytes) on the cell in a horizontal manner according to the present invention, it becomes feasible to produce the fuel cells more compactly. On the other hand, the contact of reducing and oxidizing agents to membranes must be maximized on the entire area and gas mobility must be maintained uniformly along the entire channel length to operate the fuel cells efficiently. Cells with various structures have been made for this purpose and various patents granted.
- a single membrane is assembled into each cell of the above mentioned patents. Thanks to distinctly-designed gas flow channels (with respect to geometry), on the other hand, a spontaneous pressure is created during the displacement of gases within cells.
- a SOFC according to the present invention is compared e.g. to a cell of the US Patent 6,368.739.81.
- the subject cell is composed of several gas distributors. Two methods have been developed for creating a cell. In the first method, the gas distributors are assembled to each other by means of tubes (figures 1 , 2, 9, and 10). In the second method, it is made feasible by opening helical slots (flow channels) on a plate (figures 5, 6, 7, and 8). Gas distributors with optionally-varying diameters composing the cells are made in a cylindrical or cornered shape from a conductor metal material with 20 mm thickness (figures 6, 7, 9, and 10). Helical channels with 2 mm depth and 2 mm thickness are opened on gas distributors. Gases supplied into gas distributors exit via internal tubes so as to contact the membrane on the helical channels (figure 9 and 10).
- gases supplied to the first gas distributor are forced to circulate uniformly through all cells in sequence (figures 9 and 10).
- Inlets and outlets of hydrogen and air (or oxygen) are provided by means of tubes on each gas distributor.
- One cell is composed of ceramic membrane in anode and cathode layers.
- One side of the membrane is supplied with hydrogen gas (H 2 ), while the other surface with oxygen (O 2 ) or with air.
- the system starts operating with the supply of hydrogen (H 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ) or air to the membrane (figures 6, 7, 9, and 10).
- the system is made of a plurality of cells which are placed one on the other, i.e. in a superimposed manner, between the lower and upper covers (figures 1 and 2).
- the cells are interconnected in a flexible manner by means of compressing the spring provided on the upper cover and are allowed for expansion due to heat. Additionally, the gases supplied into a cell are forced to circulate the entire gas dividers so as to contact the membranes within this system. The uniform flow of gases within the system is ensured by means of helical channels.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention is composed of multiple membranes and gas dividers within one cell and bipolar plates wherein the channels have a helical structure, employed in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs).
Description
DESCRIPTION
SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL WITH MULTI-MEMBRANES IN A SINGLE CELL
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a novel cell design and to helical structure of gas channels employed in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs). The present invention provides a novel version of a distinctly-designed cell of solid oxide fuel cells. Two significant improvements have been made in the design of said novel cell:
1. novel gas dividers allowing the assembly of a plurality of membranes (electrolytes) required for the SOFC into a single cell;
2. helical structuring of the gas flow channels to provide efficient gas contact and uniformity within the SOFC.
As is known, the operation principle of fuel cells is based on converting the energy that results from chemical reaction into electrical energy [1 ,2]. As long as fuel is fed, the fuel cells shall keep producing electrical energy, heat, and water. This reaction is formed by the contact of the membrane within the fuel cells to reducing and oxidizing agents. Membranes are designated as the heart of the fuel cells. The amount of energy produced from fuel cells depends typically on the number, area, and quality of membranes. The number and area of membranes within fuel cells determine respectively the voltage and power. Fuel cells are named differently as following, depending on the type of electrolytes employed therein:
Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM),
Cylindrical Proton Exchange Membranes (CPEM),
Alkaline fuel cells (AFC),
Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFC),
- Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC)
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC),
Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), and
Regenerative fuel cells (RFC), etc. i
The US Patents 5.366.819, 5.712.055, and 5.763.114 may be referred to for reviewing such fuel cells.
Fuel cells may provide low-, medium-, and large-capacity electrical power production. They have the following advantages over conventional power producing systems:
- very low environmental pollution rates,
very high energy production efficiency (above 90% theoretically),
operability with different type of fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas, methanol, ethanol, naphtha, coal dust, etc.,
recoverability of wasted heat (cogeneration),
- very high improvement potential,
no solid waste pollution,
no noise creation during operation,
operability together with or separately from the city network.
Nowadays researches are being made on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for utilization in military and civil fields such as houses, vehicles, submarines, and other equipments and industrial fields. There have been already manufactured 0.5 to 500 kW rating SOFCs [3, 4]. SOFCs operate with hydrogen obtained as a result of cracking fossil fuels at high temperatures [4]. A single cell is composed of a plurality of fuel cells. A single SOFC produces 20 to 50 W power in average. Several fuel cells are brought together, resulting in a "stack" formation, to produce more energy. Likewise, the number of fuel cells within such stack determine the power of fuel cells. As a result of studies, it has been seen that the bipolar plates in fuel cells contribute to more than 60% by weight of the entire stack and to around 30% of cost. Therefore, researches are still being made in the fields of developing or improving the volume, weight, cost, and different flow channel geometries of fuel cell stacks and of employing relatively low-weight materials for these purposes. The design of flow channels produced by various firms has been studied elaborately and the advantages and disadvantages of each of such designs have been discussed and presented in a detailed manner [6].
In solid oxide fuel cells, each cell is composed of two current-collecting electrodes assembled on the surface of a ceramic membrane of which the two sides are coated with
catalyst. One electrode (cathode) is supplied with oxygen (O2) gas or air, while the other electrode (anode) with hydrogen (H2) gas. In the present invention, on the other hand, it has been contemplated to position a plurality of membranes on a single cell (figures 1 and 2). Thus, the bipolar plates developed by ourselves may be used on small, medium, and large fuel cells and provide the following advantages:
1. household SOFCs produced accordingly occupy relatively smaller places,
2. the system operates relatively more efficiently,
3. opportunity for producing systems with varying sizes, and
4. opportunity for employing this system in different fuel cells.
Brief Description of Figures
The appended figures aiming at illustrating the present invention only are described briefly as following.
Figure 1 illustrates a single-cell multi-membrane SOFC. Here, cylindrically shaped stacks may be used in any desired numbers. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are separately supplied to cells, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
1. hydrogen cells,
2. oxygen cells,
3. hydrogen gas transfer tubes, and
4. oxygen gas transfer tubes.
Figure 2 illustrates another version of a single-cell multi-membrane SOFC. Here, cylindrically-shaped stacks may be produced in any desired numbers. Elasticity is ensured by means of a spring (5) provided thereon. Hydrogen and oxygen gases are supplied from a single gas divider onto different surfaces, wherein the reference numbers in this figure have the following meanings:
1. screw with an insulated exterior,
2. nut,
3. spacer,
4. spring cover,
5. spring,
6. upper cover,
7. insulation,
8. cells,
9. hydrogen outlet channel,
10. oxygen outlet channel,
11. tube, and
12. lower cover.
Figure 3 illustrates a multi-membrane fuel cell. Gas dividers (distributors) are interconnected by means of tubes to provide a relatively low-weight configuration, wherein the reference numbers in this figure have the following meanings:
1. gas distributor,
2,3. helical gas channels,
4. hydrogen tubes between gas distributors,
5. retainers fixing the displacement of gas distributors, and
6. oxygen tubes between gas distributors.
Figure 4 illustrates the supply of hydrogen and oxygen gases separately to gas dividers, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
1. membrane,
2. oxygen cell, and
3. hydrogen cell.
Figure 5 illustrates the hydrogen gas flow diagram only while a plurality of gas dividers
operate in "stack", wherein the reference numbers in this figure have the following meanings:
1. gas divider,
2. gasket,
3. gas transfer orifice between cells, and
4. gas flow tube.
Figure 6 illustrates a plurality of helical gas flow channels on a single plate, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
1. helical gas divider channels,
2. gas divider tube between helical channels,
3. hydrogen inlet slot, and
4. gas divider plate.
Figure 7 illustrates the flow channels of gas in the plate, wherein the reference numbers in this figure are individually defined as following:
1. gas divider plate.
2. gas inlet orifice on the plate, and
3. helical channels.
Figure 8 illustrates the assembly of several gas divider plates. In this figure, the flow diagram of hydrogen and oxygen gases in gas dividers formed by a stack configuration are shown, wherein the reference numbers used here are individually defined as following:
1. gas distributor,
2. gasket,
3. membrane,
4. oxygen flow channels, and
5. hydrogen flow channels.
Figure 9 illustrates a cross-section of the gas divider plate, wherein the reference numbers used here are defined individually as following:
1. oxygen flow channel, and
2. hydrogen flow channel.
Figure 10 illustrates the gas flow and the cross-section of gas divider plates assembled one on the other, i.e. in a superimposed manner, wherein the reference numbers used here are defined individually as following:
1. membrane, and
2. gasket.
Description of Invention
SOFCs are widely used in the industry. No size-related problems are faced for SOFCs used in the industry. The compactness, however, becomes a prerequisite for the size of SOFCs designed for houses, trucks, submarines, etc. Thanks to positioning any desired number of membranes (electrolytes) on the cell in a horizontal manner according to the present invention, it becomes feasible to produce the fuel cells more compactly. On the other hand, the contact of reducing and oxidizing agents to membranes must be maximized on the entire area and gas mobility must be maintained uniformly along the entire channel length to operate the fuel cells efficiently. Cells with various structures have been made for this purpose and various patents granted. The following patens are a few to point out: 5,993,986; 6,106,967; US 6,183,897 B1 ; US 6,265,095 B1 ; US 6,777,126 B1 ; US 6,803,136 B2; US 6,824,910 B2; US 6,835,486 B2; US 6,855,451 B2; US 6,949,307 B2; US 6,969,565 B2; US 6,805,990 B2; US 6,844,100 B2 etc.
A single membrane is assembled into each cell of the above mentioned patents. Thanks to distinctly-designed gas flow channels (with respect to geometry), on the other hand, a spontaneous pressure is created during the displacement of gases within cells. A SOFC according to the present invention is compared e.g. to a cell of the US Patent 6,368.739.81.
The diagram of SOFC that is coated with our claimed novel bipolar plate design is illustrated in figures 6, 7 and 8. As can be seen, since it becomes possible to assembly
more than one membrane on a single cell, a relatively more compact fuel cell is made feasible. Additionally, the helical configuration of gas channels according to the present invention allows the gasses to flow freely (figures 9 and 10).
Manufacture, Assembly And Operation Of Fuel Cell
The subject cell is composed of several gas distributors. Two methods have been developed for creating a cell. In the first method, the gas distributors are assembled to each other by means of tubes (figures 1 , 2, 9, and 10). In the second method, it is made feasible by opening helical slots (flow channels) on a plate (figures 5, 6, 7, and 8). Gas distributors with optionally-varying diameters composing the cells are made in a cylindrical or cornered shape from a conductor metal material with 20 mm thickness (figures 6, 7, 9, and 10). Helical channels with 2 mm depth and 2 mm thickness are opened on gas distributors. Gases supplied into gas distributors exit via internal tubes so as to contact the membrane on the helical channels (figure 9 and 10). Since the gas distributors are interconnected by means of tubes, gases supplied to the first gas distributor are forced to circulate uniformly through all cells in sequence (figures 9 and 10). Inlets and outlets of hydrogen and air (or oxygen) are provided by means of tubes on each gas distributor. One cell is composed of ceramic membrane in anode and cathode layers. One side of the membrane is supplied with hydrogen gas (H2), while the other surface with oxygen (O2) or with air. The system starts operating with the supply of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) or air to the membrane (figures 6, 7, 9, and 10). The system is made of a plurality of cells which are placed one on the other, i.e. in a superimposed manner, between the lower and upper covers (figures 1 and 2). The cells are interconnected in a flexible manner by means of compressing the spring provided on the upper cover and are allowed for expansion due to heat. Additionally, the gases supplied into a cell are forced to circulate the entire gas dividers so as to contact the membranes within this system. The uniform flow of gases within the system is ensured by means of helical channels.
Claims
1. A Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), characterized in that each cell comprises a plurality of membranes (1 in Figure 4) and helical channels (1 in Figure 6).
2. A SOFC according to Claim 1 , characterized in that gas distributor plates are assembled to each other by means of tubes (4, 5 in Figure 8) externally, and by means of channels (1 , 2 in Figure 6) internally.
3. A SOFC according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the flow and membrane-contact sites of gases within the cell's gas distributor plate are made by helical channels.
4. A SOFC according to Claim 1 , characterized in that a "stack" formation is obtained by stacking said cells side-by-side or one-on-the-other, depending on the horizontal positioning (8 in Figure 6) or vertical positioning (2 in Figure 1) of cells.
5. A SOFC according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the cell structure is made by any geometry such as cylindrical, square, rectangular geometries etc..
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TR2007/00460 | 2007-01-29 | ||
| TR2007/00460A TR200700460A2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2007-01-29 | Multi-membrane solid oxide fuel cell in one cell. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008093260A2 true WO2008093260A2 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| WO2008093260A3 WO2008093260A3 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
Family
ID=39540782
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2008/050242 Ceased WO2008093260A2 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-01-23 | Solid oxide fuel cell with multi-membranes in a single cell |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TR (1) | TR200700460A2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2008093260A2 (en) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5770327A (en) * | 1997-08-15 | 1998-06-23 | Northwestern University | Solid oxide fuel cell stack |
| JP2002008683A (en) * | 2000-06-27 | 2002-01-11 | Mitsubishi Nuclear Fuel Co Ltd | Solid electrolyte type fuel cell |
| WO2002054519A1 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2002-07-11 | Mitsubishi Materials Corporation | Fuel cell module and structure for gas supply to fuel cell |
| JP4200089B2 (en) * | 2003-12-17 | 2008-12-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell |
| JP4611195B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2011-01-12 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell |
-
2007
- 2007-01-29 TR TR2007/00460A patent/TR200700460A2/en unknown
-
2008
- 2008-01-23 WO PCT/IB2008/050242 patent/WO2008093260A2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TR200700460A2 (en) | 2008-06-23 |
| WO2008093260A3 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
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