WO2008091176A1 - Four-die forging device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to metal forming and can be used for forging billets and blanks by means of forging presses and radial-swaging machines. Four dies are mounted on holders which are provided with inclined planes and antifriction plates arranged thereon. The holders of the top and lower dies are kinematically connected to the holders of the lateral dies. Centring guides are mounted on the inclined planes of the top and lower die holders or on the inclined planes of the lateral die holders. They are placed in centring grooves which are formed by the groove walls of the lateral die holders or the top and lower die holders and the side planes of respective antifriction plates. The device also comprises lateral separating guides provided with an F-shaped cross-section. The width of the working face of each die is equal to 0.5-0.9 the width of the supporting surface thereof. The ratio between the total contact area of the antifriction plates of the lateral die holders with the antifriction plates of the top and lower holders in the closed device (S1) and the total area of the projection of the working faces of the lateral dies on the longitudinal symmetry plane (S2) of the device is defined by the formula S1/S2≥2.5. Said invention makes it possible to extend the service life of the device.

Description

 FOUR BOILING FORGING DEVICE

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of metal forming, in particular, to four-sided forging devices and can be used for forging ingots and billets on hydraulic forging presses and radial crimping machines.

State of the art

The invention can be used in the engineering and metallurgical industries in the manufacture of products with an elongated axis, for example, rods, columns, intermediate shafts, torsion shafts, rolls of rolling mills and the like, as well as in the manufacture of forged blanks for subsequent pressure treatment, for example, forgings from structural, stainless, heat-resistant and difficult to deform steels and alloys.

A four-sided forging device is known, consisting of two holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined surfaces, kinematically associated with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined surfaces surfaces corresponding to the inclined surfaces of the upper and lower holders and located at an angle of 3-75 ° to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device, and four strikers attached to the respective holders of the strikers (Declaration Patent of Ukraine N229183A, CL B21J 13 / 02.1998).

This device allows to obtain high-quality forgings with small coefficients of yaw, and also provides forging of billets in a wide range of cross-sectional sizes.

The disadvantage of this forging device is that its design does not provide a long service life of the device without breakdowns and repairs.

A four-sided forging device is also known, consisting of holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined planes, corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on inclined planes, eight lateral guide rails , four strikers with working and supporting surfaces and a lubrication system for friction pairs, including a pump, pipelines, flexible hoses gi, connecting elements and channels made in the holders of the strikers (Patent of Ukraine N267879, CL B21J 13/02, 3/00, 2004). This design provides increased service life of the device.

A disadvantage of the known forging device is that it does not provide a sufficiently long service life of the device without repairs associated with the formation of scoring on the working surfaces of antifriction plates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical result when used is to increase the life of a four-forging device before repair by reducing the possibility of scoring on the working surfaces of antifriction plates.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the four-side forging device containing the holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically coupled to them two holders of the side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers mounted on the inclined planes of the upper, lower and lateral strikers antifriction plates, eight lateral distributing guides, four strikers with working and basic surfaces, and systems lubrication to the friction pairs, the new is that it is provided with centering guides that are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers or on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers in one or more planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and are placed in the centering grooves formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes, respectively, of the holders of the side strikers or holders of the upper and lower strikers, and the lateral planes of antifriction plates, and the lateral distributing guides have an F - shaped cross section, at the width of the working surface of each striker is 0.5 - 0.9 of the width of its supporting surface, and the total contact area of the antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, with antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers, in a closed device (S ₁ ) and the total projection area of the working surfaces of the side strikers on the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the device (S ₂ ) are related by the following relation:

S ₁ / S ₂ ≥2.5.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the centering rails are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers in the plane of transverse symmetry of the device, and the centering grooves are formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers, and the side planes of the antifriction plates.

The patented four-sided device is illustrated by diagrams (Figs. 1-7).

Figure 1 shows a four-sided forging device in a static state; figure 2 is a section A-A in figure 1 (option 1); in Fig.3 - section A-A in Fig.1 (option 2); figure 4 is a section B-B in figure 1; figure 5 - four-sided forging device with mounted centering rails on the holders of the upper and lower strikers; in Fig.6 is a section C-C in Fig.5; Fig.7 - four-sided forging device during compression of the workpiece (cross-section of the workpiece is shaded at the final moment of compression).

The four-sided forging device consists of the holder of the upper striker 1 attached to the upper movable plate 2, the holder of the lower striker 3 attached to the lower fixed plate 4, two holders of the side strikers 5, 6, four strikers 7-10 installed in the holders of the strikers, eight distributing guides 11, with the help of which the kinematic connection of the holders of the side strikers with the holders of the upper and lower strikers, antifriction plates 12, as well as the lubricant supply system to the friction pairs 13 (Fig. 1) is ensured. The holders of the side strikers 5, 6 are centered by the centering guides 14 relative to the holders of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3. Moreover, on inclined planes of the holders of the strikers can be installed along one centering guide 14 (Fig.2) or several, for example, two centering guides 14 (Fig.Z). The centering guides 14 can be installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 with an arrangement in one or several planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device and go into the centering grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3, formed by the lateral planes of antifriction plates 12 and the walls of the grooves (Fig.1-3).

The centering guides 15 can also be installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers 16, 17 and go into the centering grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers 18, 19, formed by the side planes of the antifriction plates 20 and the groove walls (Fig. 5).

The lateral guide rails 11 have an F - shaped cross section, are rigidly attached to the holder of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3 with studs, and with the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 have gaps on the sliding surface (Figs. 1, 4). The strikers 21-24 of the forging device in cross section have the shape depicted in Fig.6. The width of the working surface of each striker D ₁ is 0.5 - 0.9 of the width of its supporting surface b ₂ , i.e. the ratio is maintained: D ₁ Z b ₂ = 0.5 - 0.9. With a value of ID ₁ / b ₂ <0.5, the productivity of the forging process is significantly reduced, and with a value of iV b ₂ > 0.9, distortions of the holders of the side strikers and the formation of scoring on the surfaces of antifriction plates are possible.

In the design of the four-forging device, the ratio is also maintained: Si / S ₂ ≥2.5, where: S ₁ is the total contact area of the antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers with the antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers, in closed device;

S ₂ - the total projection area of the working surfaces of the side strikers on the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the device "0 - 0" (figure 1).

With values of Si / S ₂ > 2.5 on the antifriction plates that form friction pairs, the appearance of rough seizures is possible, which will require their repair.

The fastening of the four-forging device to the press table and to the movable traverse of the press is the same as the fastening of traditional strikers.

The implementation of the invention

Four-sided forging device operates as follows. Before feeding the workpiece 25 into the device, due to the movement of the movable crosshead up, the working space of the forging device is opened to the required size. Then the workpiece 25 using the manipulator (Fig. Not shown) is fed into the working space and make it crimping strikers 7-10 moving the movable crosshead of the press down (Fig.7). In the process of crimping the workpiece, the press force is transmitted through the movable crosshead and plate 2 to the holder of the upper striker 1, then to the holders 5, 6 of the side strikers and to the fixed holder of the lower striker 3 (Fig. 7). The transfer of the press force to the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 is carried out through the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers 1, 3 during the movement of the holders of the side strikers 5, 6 (Fig. 7). When introducing the working surfaces of the strikers 7-10 into the body of the workpiece 25, the pressure on the sliding surface of the antifriction plates sharply increases. In addition, before each crimping, the workpiece is fed from one side of the forging device by a certain amount, due to which there is always an eccentricity of the application of the load relative to the vertical plane of symmetry of the device, tending to distort the holders of the strikers relative to each other. Due to the distortions, the specific pressures on individual sections of the antifriction plates increase, which can lead to seizure on these surfaces. In the proposed design of the forging device, the magnitude of this undesired eccentricity of the load application decreases due to the fact that the width of the working surface of each striker bi is less than the width of its supporting surface b ₂ (D ₁ / b ₂ = 0.5 - 0.9) (Fig.5. 6). Centering guides mounted on the inclined planes of one die holder and entering into the centering grooves of other die holder also provide a reduction in distortions in the patented forging device. Due to the centering guides, the distortions between the holders of the strikers are significantly reduced. To reduce the distortions between the holders of the side strikers and the holders of the upper and lower strikers, the side distributing guides have an F - shaped cross section. Such a cross-section of the lateral guide rails provides a more rigid kinematic connection between the holders of the side strikers and the holders of the upper and lower strikers, reduces distortions between the antifriction plates in the slip pairs and, accordingly, the possibility of scoring on them.

The patented forging device also maintains the ratio: S ₁ / S ₂ > 2.5.

When this ratio is fulfilled, the specific pressures on the working surfaces of the antifriction plates do not exceed the maximum permissible ones at which scoring on these surfaces is possible. The proposed design of the four-forging device provides the following results: friction welding is eliminated at the contact points of the rubbing surfaces; significantly reduces the possibility of scoring on rubbing surfaces; significantly reduces the likelihood of an emergency stop of the pecking process due to a breakdown in the friction pairs of the device.

Industrial testing of four-forging forging devices, one of which was manufactured according to the proposed design, and the other according to the prototype, showed significant advantages of the patented forging device. In four-forging forging devices, forged ingots weighing 5-7 tons of structural steels were forged on a hydraulic forging press with a force of 20MH. Prior to the first repair of anti-friction plates, a prototype of 33,200 tons was forged in the forging device. forgings, and in the patented design of the device - 48750t. forgings, i.e. 1, 47 times more.

Industrial applicability

The claimed invention is applied in the field of metal forming and can be used for forging ingots and billets on hydraulic forging presses and radial crimping machines. Thus, the design of the four-flange forging device, which is patented, provides a longer maintenance-free life.

Claims

CLAIM I. A four-sided forging device comprising holders of the upper and lower strikers with inclined planes, kinematically associated with them two holders of the side strikers with inclined planes corresponding to the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers, antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper, lower and side strikers eight side distributing guides, four strikers with working and supporting surfaces and a lubrication system for friction pairs, characterized in that it o equipped with centering guides that are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers or on the inclined planes of the holders of the side strikers in one or more planes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the device, and are placed in the centering grooves formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes, respectively, holders of the side strikers or holders of the upper and lower strikers, and the side planes of the antifriction plates, and the side guide rails are F - shaped cross section, wherein the width of the working surface of each pin is 0.5 - 0.9 times the width of its supporting surface, and the total contact area antifriction plates mounted on the inclined planes of the lateral die holders, with antifriction plates mounted on the holders of the upper and lower strikers in a closed device (SO and the total projection area of the working surfaces of the side strikers on the plane of longitudinal symmetry of the device (S ₂ ) are connected by the following ratio: S- | / S ₂ - ^, 5. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the centering guides are installed on the inclined planes of the holders of the upper and lower strikers in the plane of transverse symmetry of the device, and the centering grooves are formed by the walls of the grooves made on the inclined planes of the holders of the side b oikov, and the lateral planes of antifriction plates.