WO2008063097A1 - Tubular spillway - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention can be used for controlling water level in flood-producing water bodies, for example Sarez lake in Tadjikistan, and for diverting floodwater, for example from Irtysh river to Aral sea. The aim of said invention is to reduce power and material consumption and to simultaneously and efficiently discharge water in the conditions when natural barriers and long distances do not make it possible to obtained the required result by means of another methods and devices. The inventive spillway comprises a main pipe, which is provided with input and output heads equipped with stop valves, and a water intake cock which is mounted on the apex part of the pipe and is used for filling a pipeline with water prior to put the spillway in action. The water intake head of the spillway is placed higher than the water-discharge head, in relation to the sea level, at a height which makes it possible to carry out the water diversion work by Earth's gravitation forces.

Description

 TUBULAR WATER DISCHARGE.

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to closed spillways and can be used to regulate the water level in water bodies threatening with flooding, for example, at Lake Sarez in Tajikistan, as well as for the transfer of flood waters of the Irtysh River to the Aral Sea. An object of the invention is to reduce material costs and energy costs while ensuring effective spillway in conditions of natural barriers, in this case Usoy Dam on Lake Sarez and long distances, for example, on rivers of Europe and Asia, which do not allow to achieve the desired result by other known methods and devices known today.

Known underground mine drainage system containing drainage, discharge and drainage wells located under the pit floor, a centrifugal pump unit with elements for power supply, located in the drainage well, the discharge nozzle of which is connected to

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) discharge pipe, and the suction pipe is connected to the suction pipe, recessed in the sump (protection of quarries from water. SK Abramov, MSGazizov, V.I. Kostenko. - M .: Nedra, 1976, p.209- 211).

The disadvantage of this system is the high labor and material costs caused by the need to drill a large number of underground wells under the bottom of the lake, with the help of which the waters of the Usoy Dam are discharged.

Another analogue is an open pit drainage system containing a main pipeline connected to the discharge pipe of a pumping unit with elements to ensure the supply of electricity placed on the ledge of the pit, the suction pipe of which is connected to the suction pipe embedded in the water tank (ibid., P.209-211 ).

The disadvantage of this system is its unprofitability in conditions when pumping large volumes of water.

The closest to the technical nature of the claimed invention is a tubular spillway (RF Patent Ns 2265695 IPC E02B8 / 06, publ.), Consisting of a pipeline through which water flows by gravity at a speed greater, the greater the difference between the height of the upper and lower reach.

The disadvantages of this device are the impossibility of its use on Lake Sarez due to the high Usoy Dam of forty-five meters high, and the practical impossibility of digging a canal for using this device. On the rivers of Europe, this device is not applicable due to its inoperability in conditions of large distances, uneven terrain and lack of device

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) structural parts and mechanisms that allow the launch of the system to work.

An object of the invention is the controlled transfer of huge masses of water over long distances with minimal energy costs.

The task is ensured by the fact that the spillway contains the main pipe with inlet and outlet heads, which are provided with shutoff valves, and a water inlet is installed in the uppermost part of the pipe to fill the pipeline with water before starting the spillway into operation. If necessary, the main pipe can be equipped with elastic hinges-compensators at the boundaries of the slope change. After filling the pipeline with water, the hatch is sealed. Shut-off valves are used to fill the entire pipeline with water, which is the main condition for the start of the spillway in operation. The upstream is located above the downstream relative to the sea level to a height sufficient to ensure that all the work on the water transfer in the proposed spillway system through natural obstacles, in this case through the Usoy dam, will be performed by the force of the earth’s gravity. When the height difference between the upper and lower pools is 210–220 meters, the earth’s gravity is capable of developing the velocity of the watercourse inside the pipeline to a free-fall speed of a body equal to 60 meters per second for the water contained in the pipeline. The figure of 210 meters is the height at which a body with a density of 1 g / cm ³ (water density) develops a maximum speed with a free fall.

Under the condition of free fall, the flow velocity in the pipeline will be equal to:

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 1st second = 10 meters. 2nd second = 20 meters. 3rd second = 30 meters. 4th second = 40 meters 5th second = 50 meters.

6th second = 60 meters, which is the maximum speed of free fall for the water enclosed in the pipeline.

With the addition of these figures is obtained 210 meters.

210 meters is the level difference between the upstream and downstream, which is necessary for the development of the maximum water velocity inside the pipeline.

A pipe with a diameter of one hundred centimeters is able to pump water at a speed of fifty cubic meters per second. This is calculated by the formula, where the cross-sectional area of a pipe of 0.8 square meters is multiplied by the velocity of the watercourse of 60 meters per second, which is 48 cubic meters. meters per second, and the pumps are not used, fuel and electric power are not wasted, and the earth's gravity does all the work of pumping water through natural barriers.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing which shows a general view of a tubular spillway on Lake Sarez, where 1 is the main pipe, 2 is the head of the upper reach, 3 is the head of the lower barrel, 4 is a stop valve, and the head of the lower reach, 6- water inlet valve of the upper part of the pipeline, 7 - a reservoir (Lake Sarez), 8- Usoy dam, 9-water to receive pumped water. The drawing is made schematically and without respecting the scale.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Spillway works as follows. 1. Lake Sarez.

The design is a pipe 1 with a diameter of, for example, one hundred centimeters. The water intake cap 2 of the pipeline is installed in the reservoir 7, then the pipeline rises on the Usoy dam 8, crosses it and descends into the river bed where the water discharge cap 3 discharges water.

Before launching the spillway into the water intake 2 and water outlet 3, the ends of the pipeline block the shut-off device (4 and 5), for example, with valves, and fill the pipeline with water through the intake valve 6 installed in the highest part of the pipeline relative to sea level. Filling the pipeline with water is carried out with a standard water pump only once before the spillway starts up. The intake valve 6 is equipped with an air outlet valve (not shown in the drawing), which serves to remove air when the pipeline is filled with water. After filling the pipeline with water, the intake valve 6 is hermetically closed, and valves 4 and 5 at the ends of the pipeline simultaneously open. From the water discharge head of the pipeline 3, the force of the earth's gravity will pull the water column, which in turn will create a continuous watercourse through the pipeline 1 from lake 7 through the pass 8 to the river bed 9. The water discharge head 3 of the pipeline is set 200-220 meters lower than the water intake 2 relative to the level sea, which allows watercourse to develop maximum speed. With such a difference in height between the upstream and downstream, the water will move through the pipeline with a body free fall speed, which is equal to 60 meters per second for the water in the pipeline. To eliminate vibrations

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) the pipeline along its entire length is rigidly fixed to the ground by piles by means of metal clamps.

With a pipe diameter of one hundred centimeters and a water flow rate of 60 meters per second, the spillway will transfer approximately fifty (rounded taking into account the error for convenience in calculations) cubic meters of water every second. Further, according to the calculation: 1 second - 50 cu. meters 1 minute - 3000 cu. meters 1 hour - 180 thousand cubic meters meters 1 day - 4 million. 32O thousand cubic meters. meters 1 year - 1 billion 576 million. cc meters, l billion cubic meters m = 1 cu. kilometer.

As a result, one year a spillway with a diameter of one hundred centimeters will reduce the volume of water in Lake Sarez by one and a half cubic kilometers per year. Today the volume of water in Lake Sarez is seventeen cubic meters. kilometers

The implementation of the spillway in the specified manner and device provides an effective and regulated discharge of water on Lake Sarez and other similar reservoirs that threaten with flooding. 2. Rivers of Europe.

On the rivers of Europe during the flood, the spillway works as follows.

The water intake end of pipeline 2 is installed in the place of the river that meets the following requirements: 1. The highest altitude above the sea level (300-500 meters) with the shortest distance from the sea itself (100-200 kilometers). 2. The depth of the reservoir in the place of water intake of 30 meters or more.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 3. The volume of water in the selected reservoir is sufficient for the smooth operation of the system.

The same scheme is applicable when transferring flood waters, which uselessly flow into the ocean from the Irtysh River, to the Aral Sea. In this case, it is not necessary to dig a channel spoiling the environment and burn 3 million tons of coal per year to transfer the planned 12 cubic meters. km of flood waters.

To transfer 12 cc. km of water from the Irtysh River to the Aral Sea for 30-35 days (about as long as the flood lasts) you need:

1. Upstream, that is, the water intake should be 300-400 meters above sea level.

2. One line of the spillway with a diameter of two meters for 35 days will throw 0.5 cu. km of water.

The amount of water to be transferred is calculated as follows. With a water flow velocity of 60 m / s and a pipe diameter of 200 centimeters, we multiply the water flow velocity by the cross-sectional area of the pipeline, which is 3.14 square meters. meter As a result, we obtain:

1. In one second, 188 cu. meters of water.

2. In one minute 1 thousand 300 cubic meters.

3. In one hour 676.8 thousand cubic meters. meters

4. For one day, 16 million 243 thousand 200 cu. meters

5. For thirty days 487 million 296 thousand cubic meters. meters

6. For thirty five days 568 million 512 thousand cubic meters. meters of water. On average, 500 million cubic meters. meters or 0.5 cu. kilometer of water.

For transfer 12 cu. km of water you need 24 spillway threads, which can be installed at different points of the river for uniform water intake.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) To start up a spillway with a pipeline length of one hundred kilometers and a diameter of two hundred centimeters, it is necessary to pump one hundred eighty thousand cubic meters of water into it, which no pump can handle. In this case, the pipeline is filled with water before launching a reduced analogue of the proposed spillway system, the intake cap of which is installed in a reservoir 10-20 meters above the intake 6 of the main pipeline 1 relative to sea level, and the reduced analog outlet is connected to the inlet 6 of the main pipeline 1 that serves to quickly fill the main spillway with water.

High speed outlet can be used to generate electricity. In Europe, the proposed spillway system makes it possible to more effectively deal with floods and their threat, while in Asia it helps to evenly distribute water resources. The mini analogue of the spillway was tested when draining the basin where: 1. The volume of water is 25 cubic meters. meters

2. Natural barrier (height of the hill) 2.5 meters. 3. The length of the pipeline is 30 meters. 4. The diameter of the pipeline is 5 centimeters. 5. The difference between the upstream and downstream is 5 meters.

The implementation of the spillway proposed by the method and device allows you to more effectively carry out the elimination of floods and save the environment.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION TUBE WATER DISCHARGE 1. A tubular spillway containing a main pipe with inlet and outlet tips, characterized in that the main pipe is adapted to be filled with water, and the inlet and outlet heads are fitted with stop valves. 2. The tubular spillway under item 1, characterized in that the flow area of the stop valve in the open state is greater than or equal to the flow area of the tips. 3. The tubular spillway according to claim. L, characterized in that the main pipe is rigidly fixed to the ground with piles by means of clamps. 4. The tubular spillway of pl, characterized in that the pipe is filled with water through a water receiving hatch located at the highest point of the pipeline, while the water receiving hatch is sealed after filling the pipeline with water. 5. The tubular spillway on pl, characterized in that the pipeline along its entire length is sealed. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)