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WO2008046370A1 - Procédé et circuit pour la surveillance antivol de panneaux solaires - Google Patents

Procédé et circuit pour la surveillance antivol de panneaux solaires Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008046370A1
WO2008046370A1 PCT/DE2007/001323 DE2007001323W WO2008046370A1 WO 2008046370 A1 WO2008046370 A1 WO 2008046370A1 DE 2007001323 W DE2007001323 W DE 2007001323W WO 2008046370 A1 WO2008046370 A1 WO 2008046370A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
voltage
solar
circuit
panels
strings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2007/001323
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulrich Fischer
Roland Pfeffer
Bernd Willer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FPE Fischer GmbH
Original Assignee
FPE Fischer GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006049285A external-priority patent/DE102006049285A1/de
Application filed by FPE Fischer GmbH filed Critical FPE Fischer GmbH
Publication of WO2008046370A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008046370A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
    • G08B13/02—Mechanical actuation
    • G08B13/14—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles
    • G08B13/1409—Mechanical actuation by lifting or attempted removal of hand-portable articles for removal detection of electrical appliances by detecting their physical disconnection from an electrical system, e.g. using a switch incorporated in the plug connector
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/95—Circuit arrangements
    • H10F77/953—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/955—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring solar panels in solar systems for theft and the associated circuit.
  • the modular design of the plants has, compared to the compact systems for wind and water energy, the disadvantage that the individual solar modules can be stolen relatively easily and resold.
  • solar systems are often operated outside the metropolitan areas, so that a guard around the clock is practically impossible.
  • either fences or housing and locks for the solar panels are therefore used in the conventional solar systems.
  • they must be solid, but can still be broken up relatively easily by mechanical means.
  • Modern plants can detect the theft of panels during operation of the plant by their performance degradation. Already for this reason, solar panels are usually stolen at night, especially during the day the voltage flashover phenomena occur attract unwanted attention and there is a risk of electric shock.
  • EP 1 125 352 B1 describes a protection system for a solar module against theft and use by an unauthorized consumer.
  • an interruption device on the solar module and, on the consumer side, in the case of larger systems on the inverter, a release device.
  • the interrupt device sends the enabling device a first signal code and interrupts the energy transfer to the consumer, if they does not receive a response signal code from the enabling device within a predetermined time. Consequently, the panel can not be used without the appropriate release device.
  • DE 93 12 710 U1 describes a modular diagnostic system based on the principle of impedance measurement of the solar panels. However, the implementation of theft monitoring is not encouraged.
  • DE 10 2006 027 104.1 discloses a junction box for solar panels, with which the heat generated in the protective diodes, MOSFETs or other corresponding power semiconductors, which serve as a bypass for the case of the partial shading of the panels, is well dissipated. At the same time a method for the regular monitoring of the function of these semiconductors is presented. In addition, it is proposed that failures of these semiconductors, which are caused by their interruption or short circuit, be displayed either by acoustic or optical signaling devices or transmitted by radio, bus systems, Aufmodultechnik or other transmission methods in a central office. A theft can not be detected promptly with this solution.
  • the invention is based on the object by a method that requires only one circuit unit per solar system, every single solar panel, both at night and during the power output of the solar system to monitor theft.
  • the circuit unit should be designed for each type of plant, especially with several be parallel strings, usable; At the same time, existing systems should be easy to retrofit.
  • the Schottky diodes and the corresponding power semiconductors are operated in the forward direction.
  • the current output voltage of the solar system is used. At night, for example, this drops from approx. 1000 V to almost 0 V.
  • the Reversschreib is therefore applied when falling below a defined voltage limit from the range of 0 - 60 V, typically 42 V 1 . With a choice of voltage limits less than or equal to 42 V in night mode, it is always ensured that the system is operated in the area of the safety voltages.
  • inverter Depending on the type of inverter used, it is disconnected or not connected to the solar system before the reverse voltage is applied. If the inverter outputs higher interference voltages in the reverse voltage mode or causes leakage currents on the input side, it must be disconnected in any case.
  • the current flowing through the series connection of the panels is monitored. Since the solar cells in the reverse direction and the power semiconductors, or protective diodes in
  • the series connection is interrupted in the theft of panels electrically by removing the power semiconductors.
  • the solar panel is a structural unit made up of solar cells and power semiconductors. det, the power semiconductors are inevitably removed in case of theft.
  • the series connection of the panels can be interrupted either due to theft or by a blown protective diode.
  • the protective diodes can blow only during the power operation of the solar system. Consequently, the alarm will be instantaneously applied upon application of the reverse voltage, i. when switching to night mode, reported. If the alarm occurs at another time, it is very likely a theft; otherwise, for example, influences such as bad weather or marten bites can be the cause of the interruptions.
  • the theft of a solar panel when powering the system is also detected, because when removing a solar panel, the solar system automatically switches to night mode due to the resulting loss of power. This will activate the anti-theft device.
  • the inventive method can be operated in a particularly advantageous manner in combination with the connection boxes described in DE 10 2006 027. Since both methods create a reverse voltage in night mode, the corresponding module can be shared. In addition, false alarms are avoided due to blown protective diodes, since only in the case of theft, a message is triggered. If the protective diodes burn out, the affected panel is indicated by the illumination of a light-emitting diode at the associated connection box.
  • the circuit for monitoring solar panels in solar systems for theft consists of a test module, which serves to apply the Reversschreib in night or rest mode, a power monitoring device and an alarm unit.
  • test module is constructed from a current source and a voltage measuring device.
  • the measuring device switches the power source in night mode, ie when the output voltage of the solar system falls below a voltage limit of approx. 42V.
  • the test module can also be equipped with a relay that disconnects the inverter from the series connection of the solar panels at the same time as the power source is switched on. It is advantageous to use the NC contact of the relay, since then no power losses occur during operation of the solar system and also the solar system can be operated without disturbance even when - albeit extremely rare - failure of the test module.
  • the current monitoring unit for monitoring a solar panel string is constructed in a cost-effective variant of a resistor, which is connected in series with the solar panels in series and a voltage comparator circuit with switching relay, which monitors the voltage drop across the resistor. If the voltage falls below a certain value when the series connection of the panels is interrupted, then the voltage comparator circuit switches the relay. At the potential-free switching contact of the relay, an alarm signaling device is connected. This can trigger an audible or visual message as required, a silent alarm via radio, via the Internet or by a telephone call.
  • the circuit for carrying out the method for monitoring a plurality of parallel strings consists, similar to the monitoring of individual strings, of a test module which serves to apply the voltage to the solar panel strings, a current monitoring device and an alarm signaling unit.
  • the resistor formed by a plurality of strings connected in parallel is connected together with three further voltage divider resistors and a bridge resistor in a Wheatstone bridge arrangement.
  • One of the voltage divider resistors is designed as a series circuit consisting of a trimmer (potentiometer) and a fixed resistor.
  • the bridge resistance lies between the two voltage divider points of the Wheatstone bridge.
  • a voltage comparator is connected to one of the two voltage divider points of the bridge.
  • the trimmer is set so that the voltage at this voltage divider point differs only slightly from the reference voltage of the voltage comparator.
  • the voltage comparator switches and triggers an alarm by means of a message unit located on its output side.
  • the test module is advantageously equipped with a constant current source which has an adjustment possibility of the current to integral multiples of a basic value.
  • the size of the stream should be set to the base value times the number of strings to be checked.
  • Fig. 2 Schematic diagram (monitoring of a solar panel string)
  • FIG. 1 It can be seen from FIG. 1 that the series connection of the solar panels 2, which is constructed essentially electrically from the Schottky diodes 1 and the solar cells 3, are connected to the inverter 4 in the daytime mode via the relay 6. In night mode, the system is disconnected from the inverter with relay 6. At the same time, the current source 7 of the test module 5 is turned on. As a result, a current flow in the direction opposite to that in the daytime operation of the plant takes place.
  • the voltage drop across the resistor 8, which is connected in series with the series connection of the solar panels 2, is monitored by a voltage comparator circuit 9. Be in night mode one or more solar panels 2 by Theft is removed, so the flow of current is interrupted and as a result no voltage drops at the resistor 8. The voltage thus falls below a set in the voltage comparator 9 minimum voltage value and the floating contact 11 of the relay 10 is closed. As a result of the theft alarm system 12 is a visual or audible alarm or a silent alarm via the Internet, triggered by phone or by radio.
  • FIG. 1 A corresponding circuit diagram is shown in FIG.
  • the circuit is divided into two circuit units. Behind the power switch, fuse and overvoltage protection is a transformer with a high insulation rating, typically greater than 2 kV, which powers the two circuit units through two separate secondary windings, each branch being grounded separately.
  • a transformer with a high insulation rating typically greater than 2 kV
  • the first circuit unit the so-called Stromprüf generator, is designed as a power source, which has a sufficient voltage reserve to feed up to 20 panels with 3 bypass diodes including the cable lengths of typically over 100 m with about 20 mA DC.
  • R1 limits the sum current and T1 switches on the linear regulator 1 connected as the current source.
  • the test current is conducted in the reverse direction to the positive and negative pole of the series-connected solar panels (panel chain), passes through the panel chain and generates a voltage drop via the series resistor R3 and the switching transistor via T3 T4 locks. If the panel chain is interrupted in the event of a theft, T4 switches on, relay 2 picks up, red LED1 lights up and the potential-free alarm contacts are closed. These can trigger all kinds of alarms.
  • the first circuit unit is only put into operation when the
  • Optocoupler OK1 activated by the second circuit unit and thus the current source of the first unit is turned on by the transistor T1.
  • the second circuit unit is the so-called comparator unit. After rectification and screening of the transformer secondary rated voltage of 24 V AC, the DC voltage is stabilized with the aid of the linear regulator LR2 to 24 V DC. This voltage supplies the bipolar comparator IC1, the relay load circuit and the control of the optocoupler OK1 and the green LED LED2.
  • At the inverting input of the comparator is the panel voltage to be detected, which is divided down for safety reasons, in particular for protection against flashovers, by a 5-part series resistor. At the non-inverting input there is a precision reference voltage.
  • This is formed by means of the power controller LR3 and an adjustable voltage divider. This allows panel voltage ranges from 30 to 1000 V DC to be recorded or compared. If P1 is set so that a voltage of approx. 1 V is applied to the PIN3 of the comparator IC1, then the comparator turns on the load circuit and thus the relay 1 when the panel voltage falls below about 42 V and T2 is turned on. As a result, the PNP transistor T5 turns on and activates the LED2 and the optocoupler OK1, which thus activates the circuit unit 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows the Wheatstone bridge circuit composed of the three voltage divider resistors 14, 17, 18 and the bridge resistor 15 for monitoring a plurality of solar panel strings configured in parallel.
  • the fourth voltage divider resistor 8.1 is formed by the parallel connection of the solar panel strings.
  • the fixed resistor 17 is connected in series with the trimmer 16, whereby an adjustable voltage divider resistor of the bridge is formed.
  • the voltage comparator 9 is connected to the voltage dividing point 20. Impedance changes of the strings 8.1 in parallel cause a voltage change at the voltage divider point 20 that is proportional to this impedance change. To provide a sensitive response of the voltage comparator and trigger the alarm to enable the voltage at the voltage divider point 20 by means of the trimmer 16 to a value must be set, which is slightly smaller or larger than the reference voltage of the voltage comparator 9 depending on the operation of the comparator (exceeding or falling below the reference voltage).
  • the relay 1 can be omitted. Otherwise, the relay 1 disconnects the positive line between the panel chain and the inverter and the reverse test current only flows through the panels or their bypass diodes. It is important that the relay can only switch when a panel voltage of less than 42 V is detected. This case is safely achieved when darkness falls and the performance of the panels is then almost zero.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un circuit pour la surveillance antivol de panneaux solaires individuels dans des installations solaires. Selon l'invention, on applique au montage série des panneaux solaires, en mode nocturne de l'installation solaire, une tension de polarité opposée (tension inverse) qui est supérieure à la tension de sortie de l'installation solaire. Cela fait fonctionner en sens passant des semi-conducteurs de puissance dans des boîtes servant à la liaison électrique des panneaux. Le circuit pour l'exécution du procédé selon l'invention comprend un module de contrôle qui détecte si l'installation solaire se trouve en mode nocturne et, si c'est le cas, applique la tension inverse, un dispositif de surveillance de courant, ainsi qu'une unité de signalisation. L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'on surveille le courant qui traverse le montage série des panneaux solaires ou le montage parallèle de plusieurs séries de panneaux. En cas de chute de courant significative, un message est émis et/ou une alarme est déclenchée. Toute installation solaire peut être équipée a priori ou a posteriori du circuit selon l'invention, un circuit unique par installation permettant la surveillance antivol de tous les panneaux solaires de jour comme de nuit. L'invention peut notamment être utilisée conjointement à un dispositif de protection des semi-conducteurs de puissance d'un module solaire (DE 10 2006 027 104.1).
PCT/DE2007/001323 2006-10-19 2007-07-26 Procédé et circuit pour la surveillance antivol de panneaux solaires Ceased WO2008046370A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006049285A DE102006049285A1 (de) 2006-10-19 2006-10-19 Verfahren und Schaltung zur Überwachung von Solar-Panels auf Diebstahl
DE102006049285.4 2006-10-19
DE102007031785.0 2007-07-07
DE102007031785A DE102007031785A1 (de) 2006-10-19 2007-07-07 Verfahren und Schaltung zur Überwachung von Solar-Panels auf Diebstahl

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008046370A1 true WO2008046370A1 (fr) 2008-04-24

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ID=38710567

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2007/001323 Ceased WO2008046370A1 (fr) 2006-10-19 2007-07-26 Procédé et circuit pour la surveillance antivol de panneaux solaires

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WO (1) WO2008046370A1 (fr)

Cited By (61)

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WO2009026602A1 (fr) * 2007-08-29 2009-03-05 Fronius International Gmbh Procédé de détection de vol équipant une installation photovoltaïque, et onduleur pour une installation photovoltaïque
ITTO20080676A1 (it) * 2008-09-16 2010-03-17 Saet Impianti Speciali S R L Dispositivo antifurto per stringhe di pannelli fotovoltaici ed impiantofotovoltaico comprendente detto dispositivo antifurto
US20110088743A1 (en) * 2009-10-15 2011-04-21 Yuhao Luo Method to manage a photovoltaic system
WO2011074025A1 (fr) 2009-12-14 2011-06-23 Antonio Sacchetti Système de protection contre les cambriolages et les vols de panneaux photovoltaïques
FR2955210A1 (fr) * 2010-01-12 2011-07-15 Thierry Arnaud Systeme de gestion et de commande de panneaux photovoltaiques
EP2571000A1 (fr) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-20 Bender GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif de détection d'actions mécaniques sur des installations électriques
CN102999982A (zh) * 2011-09-09 2013-03-27 苏州快可光伏电子股份有限公司 智能接线盒、太阳能发电系统及太阳能发电系统的控制方法
ITPD20110419A1 (it) * 2011-12-30 2013-07-01 Convert Italia Spa Metodo e dispositivo per la rilevazione di manomissioni o furti di un componente di un circuito elettrico
EP3113232A1 (fr) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-04 Anton Naebauer Panneau photovoltaïque optimisé avec réseau bypass
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US9979280B2 (en) 2007-12-05 2018-05-22 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Parallel connected inverters
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US10230310B2 (en) 2016-04-05 2019-03-12 Solaredge Technologies Ltd Safety switch for photovoltaic systems
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US10608553B2 (en) 2012-01-30 2020-03-31 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Maximizing power in a photovoltaic distributed power system
US10651647B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2020-05-12 Solaredge Technologies Ltd. Bypass mechanism
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