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WO2008046262A1 - Accélérateur linéaire électronique à onde permanente et dispositif d'installation et de modulation correspondant - Google Patents

Accélérateur linéaire électronique à onde permanente et dispositif d'installation et de modulation correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008046262A1
WO2008046262A1 PCT/CN2006/003575 CN2006003575W WO2008046262A1 WO 2008046262 A1 WO2008046262 A1 WO 2008046262A1 CN 2006003575 W CN2006003575 W CN 2006003575W WO 2008046262 A1 WO2008046262 A1 WO 2008046262A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
microwave
accelerator
electron beam
pulse
standing wave
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2006/003575
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yaohong Liu
Chuanxiang Tang
Yuanjing Li
Jinsheng Liu
Wei Jia
Jianjun Gao
Huaping Tang
Chong Gu
Wei Yin
Dan Zhang
Qinghui Zhang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tsinghua University
Nuctech Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Tsinghua University
Nuctech Co Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Tsinghua University, Nuctech Co Ltd filed Critical Tsinghua University
Priority to US11/997,442 priority Critical patent/US7751531B2/en
Priority to DE112006001789.6T priority patent/DE112006001789B4/de
Publication of WO2008046262A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008046262A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
    • H05H9/04—Standing-wave linear accelerators

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a fast-responding standing wave electron linear accelerator and an installation and adjustment device thereof, particularly in the field of non-destructive detection, radiation medicine, and the like, which are radiation sources capable of emitting X-rays. Background technique
  • the control system 1 sequentially gives a system synchronization pulse and a beaming command, and the beaming command is a high voltage command, and a beaming command is received.
  • the high voltage contactor After being emitted, the high voltage contactor is sucked, and the pulse modulator 2 for generating the pulse signal generates a high voltage pulse according to the trigger control signal; the high voltage pulse is sent to the pulse transformer 3 in the X-ray device, and is further boosted by the pulse transformer, and Two high voltages are separated, and they respectively act on the microwave source (magnetron 4) and the electron gun 6; the microwave source generates microwave under the action of the first pulse high voltage, and the microwave is sent to the accelerating tube 7 through the microwave transmission system, in the accelerating tube In 7, a stable accelerating electric field is established, and at the same time, the electron gun emits an electron beam under the action of another pulse high voltage, and the electron beam flows into the accelerating tube 7, and is accelerated by the accelerating electric field in the accelerating tube 7, forming a high-energy electron beam and finally accelerating.
  • the electron beam target, the X-ray generated by the electron beam target forms a predetermined dose output of the accelerator, and thus is widely used for loss
  • the pulse high voltage generated by the pulse modulator does not reach full load from the beginning, but the amplitude gradually increases. It usually takes about 500ms from the generation of the pulse high voltage to the full load. The dose output produced by the accelerator is also slowly increased.
  • the frequency stabilization device ensures that the output frequency of the magnetron is consistent with the characteristic frequency of the accelerating tube, thus ensuring long-term stable operation of the accelerator system.
  • the AFC frequency stabilization device acquires microwave information at different positions of the microwave transmission system, and analyzes whether the output frequency of the magnetron is equal to the characteristic frequency of the acceleration tube.
  • the corresponding adjustment command is issued, and the magnetron is adjusted by its internal device so that the output frequency of the magnetron is consistent with the characteristic frequency of the accelerating tube.
  • the microwave power enters the accelerating tube to establish an electric field, and at the same time, the acceleration power consumption temperature of the tube changes, the characteristic frequency changes, the AFC frequency stabilization device is put into operation, and the system is stabilized by continuous adjustment to form a stable dose. Rate output, this process takes a certain amount of time, usually between 500ms and 5 seconds.
  • the accelerator beam pulse stabilization time T3 is the sum of the soft start time T1 and the AFC adjustment time T2.
  • the existing standing wave accelerator system generally takes 0.5 seconds to 5 seconds from the issuance of the accelerator exit command to the accelerator to achieve a stable dose rate output. Because it has a long delay time and is not fixed, it is not suitable for some applications that require fast response of the accelerator, which is not conducive to the wide application of the standing wave accelerator.
  • the container/card quick inspection system produced by the company is designed to continuously and quickly pass through the inspection vehicle queue in the inspection channel. After the system safely avoids the front of the vehicle, the system issues a beaming command to the accelerator, requiring the system to have no dose rate when safely avoiding the front of the vehicle. Output, to ensure the safety of the driver, and form a stable dose rate output immediately after issuing the beam command, and completely check the container area of the vehicle. The response time is required to be within 100ms, so the system requires a new type of energy.
  • a fast-responding accelerator system acts as a source of radiation.
  • the present invention has been accomplished in view of the above problems.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a fast-responding standing wave electronic linear accelerator and a rapid beam-out control method and mounting adjustment device thereof.
  • the microwave power system works before the electron gun power system to achieve a fast response.
  • the present invention provides a standing wave linear accelerator, comprising: a microwave device configured to generate a microwave; an electronic vehicle emitting device configured to emit an electron beam; an acceleration device The acceleration device is configured to receive microwaves generated by the microwave device to form a microwave electric field, and use the microwave electric field to accelerate an electron beam emitted by the electron beam emitting device and target the accelerated electron beam to emit X-rays a synchronization device, the synchronization device generates a synchronization pulse signal; and a fast beam-out device that receives the synchronization pulse signal generated by the synchronization device.
  • the microwave device operates in advance and generates microwaves before the electron beam emitting device starts operating according to the synchronization pulse signal, and the rapid beam-out device drives the electron beam emitting device to emit electrons after the microwave power generated by the microwave device reaches a steady state.
  • the beam is such that the acceleration device emits an x-ray beam.
  • the system When the standing wave electron linear accelerator works, the high pressure command and the beam discharge command are separated, and the system first gives a high voltage command, and the microwave power system starts to work, that is, the modulator generates a pulse high voltage under the high pressure command given by the control device.
  • the pulse high voltage is boosted by the pulse transformer to the pulsed high voltage of the magnetron.
  • the magnetron generates microwave under the action of the pulse high voltage.
  • the microwave reaches the accelerating tube through the microwave transmission system, and forms a standing wave acceleration electric field in the accelerating tube.
  • the AFC frequency stabilization The device starts to work, so that the microwave output frequency of the magnetron is consistent with the characteristic frequency of the accelerating tube, and the whole system gradually reaches the microwave power steady state; the control system issues a beaming command according to the application environment requirement, and the electron gun power system starts to work, that is, the electron gun trigger control
  • the device generates an electron gun trigger pulse under the action of the beam-out command, the electron gun trigger pulse causes the electron gun pulse power source to generate an electron gun pulse, the electron gun pulse is boosted by the electron gun pulse transformer, and the electron gun high-voltage pulse is formed, and the electron gun high-voltage pulse acts on the electron gun to make the electron gun Electron beam, the electron beam being stable standing wave accelerating electric field accelerating tube, to form a stable dose rate and output the acceleration after the shooting.
  • the response speed of the standing wave electron linac system of the present invention is not determined by the microwave power source system, but is determined by the electron gun power source system, and the high speed response of the electron gun is stabilized, so that the entire system has a fast response function. It has been experimentally verified that the fast-responding standing wave electron linac system of the present invention is emitted from the beam-out command, and the beam exiting the accelerator is stable, and it takes less than 100 ms.
  • the fast-responding standing wave electron linac system of the invention can precisely control the working mode of the electron gun by utilizing the characteristics of the beam being controlled by the power source of the electron gun, and can realize the micro-dose output beam.
  • the micro-dose output beam with precise control has a good application prospect in the field of radiation medicine. Through precise dose control, the utilization and effectiveness of the irradiation dose are improved, and the patient's excessive or mis-irradiation is reduced.
  • the present application further proposes a container/card quick inspection system, which uses the fast-responding standing wave electron linear accelerator system of the present invention as a radiation source, can effectively avoid the front of the vehicle, and comprehensively inspects the container compartment area of the vehicle. Check, to ensure the safety of the driver while achieving the full validity of the inspection.
  • the container/card quick inspection system can continuously and quickly check a queue of the inspected vehicle, and the vehicle queue can be inspected at a speed of 1 to 4 meters per second. Inspection has greatly improved the efficiency of vehicle inspection. The time for checking a card has been shortened from the original 2 ⁇ 3 minutes to the current 10 seconds.
  • the fast-responding standing wave electron linac system of the invention can also be applied as a radiation source to a radiation system with specific requirements, and partial irradiation of products on the transmission line, thereby solving some parts of the indivisible product that cannot be spoke. However, some parts require the problem of irradiation.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram of the composition of a conventional accelerator
  • FIG. 2 is a timing chart of operation of the conventional accelerator corresponding to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the composition of an accelerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a timing chart of the operation of the fast beam-out device corresponding to Figure 3;
  • Fig. 5 is a control logic diagram of another application of Fig. 3 for applying a predetermined number of pulses.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of an accelerator mounting adjustment device in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of the A-A direction of Figure 6. detailed description
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the composition of an accelerator 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, that is, a block diagram of an accelerator with a fast beam-out device that emits an X-ray beam and is applied as a radiation source to roads and ports.
  • X-ray inspection is performed on moving objects such as moving vehicles.
  • a standing wave linear accelerator includes: a microwave device 12 having a magnetron configured to generate microwaves; an electron beam emitting device such as an electron gun 10, the electron The beam emitting device is configured to emit an electron beam under the trigger of a high voltage pulse; an acceleration device such as an accelerating tube 7 configured to receive the microwave generated by the magnetron 4 transmitted through the microwave transmission system, Forming a microwave electric field, and using the microwave electric field to accelerate the electron beam generated by the electron gun 10 and aiming the accelerated electron beam to emit a stable dose of the X-ray beam; and a synchronizing device, the synchronizing device may be included in the control system 1, For generating a sync pulse signal, the sync pulse signal can be applied to the microwave device 12 to cause the microwave device 12 to generate microwaves of a corresponding frequency; and the fast beam unwinding device 11 receiving the sync pulse signal generated by the sync device .
  • the microwave device 12 operates in advance and generates microwaves before the electron gun 10 starts operating, and the rapid beam-out device 11 drives the electron gun to emit an electron beam after the microwave power generated by the microwave device 12 reaches a steady state, so that the acceleration tube emits X-rays. bundle.
  • the rapid ejection device 11 may include an electron gun trigger control device 8 and a pulse device disposed between the synchronization device and the electron gun, the pulse device including a pulse power source 9 and a pulse transformer 10.
  • the electron gun trigger control device receives the synchronization pulse signal from the synchronization device in the control system 1 and an enable signal that allows the electron gun 6 to start operation, and the enable signal can be valid according to the local beam-out command issued by the control system 1, It may also be effective according to an external beaming command issued by other external operating mechanisms based on the power steady state of the microwave generated by the magnetron 4, or alternatively, it may be effective when both are present.
  • the enable signal is valid, the start pulse power source 9 generates a first pulse signal, and the pulse transformer 10 changes the first pulse signal generated by the pulse power source 9. The first high voltage pulse is generated, and the first high voltage pulse drives the electron gun 6 to emit an electron beam.
  • the microwave device 12 includes a microwave pulse device, a microwave source such as a magnetron 4, and a microwave transmission system.
  • the microwave pulsing device comprises a modulator 2 and a pulse transformer 3, the modulator 3 receives a system sync pulse signal of the synchronizing device and generates a second pulse signal, and the pulse transformer 3 converts the second pulse signal into a function for driving the magnetron
  • the second high voltage pulse, the magnetron 4 receives the second high voltage pulse and generates a microwave signal
  • the microwave transmission system transmits the microwave to the accelerating tube 6 to form a microwave electric field in the accelerating tube 6.
  • the microwave device 12 further includes an AFC (Automatic Frequency Control) frequency stabilization device 5 configured to make the microwave output frequency of the microwave source and the frequency of the high voltage pulse generated by the acceleration device for driving the electron gun 10 (ie characteristic frequency) is consistent.
  • AFC Automatic Frequency Control
  • the synchronizing device in the control system 1 gives a system synchronizing pulse signal and a high voltage command signal to the pulse modulator 2; the pulse modulator 2 outputs a second pulse signal to the pulse transformer 3; the pulse transformer 3 boosts the second pulse signal
  • the second high voltage pulse is sent to the magnetron 4; the magnetron 4 generates pulsed microwave under the action of the second high voltage pulse and is fed into the accelerating tube 7 via the microwave transmission system, under the control of the AFC frequency stabilization device 5, the microwave A stable standing wave acceleration electric field is formed in the accelerating tube 7.
  • the first high voltage pulse for the electron gun 6 is no longer provided by the pulse transformer 3, but is synchronized by the synchronization device in the control system 1 and synchronized with the system to the electron gun trigger control device 8, in the presence
  • the electron gun trigger control device 8 sends a sync pulse signal to the pulse power source 9, and the pulse power source 9 generates a first pulse signal based on the sync pulse signal, and the first pulse signal is converted by the pulse transformer 10 to be used.
  • the electron gun 6 emits an electron beam under the action of a pulsed high voltage, which accelerates under the action of a stable microwave electric field in the accelerating tube 7 and causes the accelerated electron beam to be targeted to generate X-rays.
  • Figure 4 is a timing chart of the operation of the system shown in Figure 3.
  • the control system issues a high voltage command
  • the magnetron starts to work, but unlike the previous system, the accelerator does not generate X-ray beam pulses.
  • the control system gives the high voltage command for a period of time (usually 10 seconds)
  • a stable accelerating electric field has been formed in the accelerating tube. Bunch command.
  • the command to exit can be given by the internal control system or by an external system.
  • the beam-out command is immediately triggered by the electron gun to trigger the control device 8 to activate the pulse power source 9, and generate a pulsed electron beam in the accelerating tube 7, requiring only a few pulses, and the accelerometer can obtain a stable X-ray pulse.
  • the container/container truck quick inspection system uses a standing wave linear accelerator 200 equipped with a quick beam unwinding device. Because the vehicle being inspected passes quickly through the inspection channel, and the vehicle is inspected when it is inspected. The safety of the disabled driver, so the system sends a beam command (enable the electron gun enable signal) to the accelerator after safely avoiding the front of the vehicle. The system requires the accelerator to generate a stable pulse beam after receiving the enable signal for 100 ms. Based on the experimental test data, the accelerator 200 outputs a stable pulse beam stream after receiving four pulses of the electron gun enable signal (at normal operation of the system at 200 Hz for about 20 ms).
  • the vehicle inspection efficiency is greatly improved, and the time for checking a card is shortened from the original 2 to 3 minutes to the current 10 seconds.
  • the microwave system starts working differently from the electron beam emission system, that is, the microwave system works ahead of the electron beam emission system, and after the AFC is put into operation and remains stable, the beam emission command (electron gun enable) turns on the accelerator electron beam emission system to enable The accelerator emits an X-ray beam. It is verified by experiments that the system is issued from the beam-out command, and the beam to the accelerator is stable, which takes less than 100ms.
  • the invention can also be utilized in an accelerator system where the pulses are emitted.
  • the accelerator can control only a few pulse streams. Since each pulse beam is very stable, the accelerator can control the output dose more accurately. This technology has broad application prospects in micro-dose imaging and medical treatment.
  • a mounting adjustment apparatus for the above accelerator comprising: a cabin 201 having a radiation protection function, and a standing wave line placed in the cabin 201
  • the rear collimator 202 is disposed adjacent to the accelerator 200, and the front collimator is disposed away from the accelerator 200.
  • the two sides of the bottom of the cabin 201 are provided with guide rails 205 which are juxtaposed in parallel on the bottom sides of the cabin along the emission direction of the accelerator radiation beam, and each of the guide rails 205 is provided with an adjustable loose shock absorber 206, each of the shock absorbers 206 is coupled to the accelerator 200.
  • the damper 206 acts as a fix for the accelerator 200
  • the damper 206 acts as a buffer when the accelerator 200 is moved.
  • the accelerator 200 is placed behind the pod 201 with the exit beam of the radiation beam facing the front collimator 203 in front of the pod 201.
  • a moving mechanism 207 is disposed at the top of the pod 201.
  • the moving mechanism 207 is connected to a rear collimator 202 with a correction block disposed between the accelerator 200 and the front collimator 203.
  • the moving mechanism 207 can transfer the rear collimator 202 with the correction block to the outside of the guide rails 205 that are placed side by side in line, and then loosen the damper 206 to move the accelerator 206 back and forth along the guide rails 205.
  • the moving mechanism 207 in this embodiment is composed of a motor 208, left and right linear guides 209, ball screw nut width device 210, and a nut for mounting the ball screw 210, a slider for the left and right linear guides 209, and a rear collimator 202.
  • the skateboard 211 is composed.
  • the left and right linear guides 209 are fixed to the cross frame 211 provided at the top of the cabin 201.
  • the motor 208 is mounted at one end of the left and right linear guides 209, and the lead screw of the screw device 210 is rotatably coupled to the motor 208 via a coupling.
  • the rear collimator 202 with the correction block is slinged to the left by a slide slider 211 that matches the left and right linear guides 209 In the lower portion of the right linear guide 209, the slider 211 is coupled to the nut of the ball screw frame 210.
  • the accelerator 200, the rear collimator 202 with the correction block, the front collimator 203 must be on the same line, and the rear collimator 202 with the correction block is located in the accelerator 200 and the front collimator 203. between.
  • the distance between the front of the accelerator 200 and the rear collimator 202 with the correction block is only 20 mm, and the rear of the accelerator 200 and the rear of the cabin 201 are only 16 mm, eliminating the need for an inspection space of 500 mm before and after the accelerator 200.
  • the accelerator 200 is fixed to the damper 206. In the normal operating state, the motor 208 can be moved on the left and right linear guides 209 by the screw device 210 to drive the rear collimator 202 with the correction block to achieve brightness correction.
  • the motor 208 moves the slider 211 and the rear collimator 202 with the correction block hoisted under the slider 211 through the screw device 210 to the end of the left and right linear guides 209, and the rear collimator 202 with the correction block It is removed from the front of the accelerator 200 and placed outside the front and rear straight guide rails 205.
  • there is a 510mm maintenance space in front of the accelerator 200 which can meet the front maintenance requirements of the accelerator 200.
  • the connection between the shock absorber 206 and the accelerator 200 can be loosened, and the guide rail 205 in which the accelerator 200 is linearly arranged in parallel is pushed forward to the front.
  • the accelerator 200 has a 526 mm inspection space behind it, which can satisfy the accelerator 200. After the maintenance request.
  • the structures in the above embodiments such as the screw device 210, the moving mechanism 207, and the guide rails 205 in which the front and rear straight lines are juxtaposed can be replaced by many equivalents.
  • the mover 202 is all moved from the front of the accelerator 200; or the guide rails 205 in which the front and rear straight lines are placed side by side are replaced with rollers.
  • the replacement of these technical features takes the technical solutions formed by those skilled in the art to be within the scope of the present invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

Description

狂波电子直线加速器及其安装调整装置
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及一种可快速响应的驻波电子直线加速器及其安装调整装置， 特别是以能够发射 X射线的加速器为辐射源的无损检测、 辐射医学等领域。 背景技术
附图 1给出了传统驻波加速器系统组成的框图， 如图 1所示， 控制系统 1依次给 出系统同步脉冲及出束命令， 该出束命令就是加高压命令， 在接收到出束命令发出后， 高压接触器吸合，用于产生脉冲信号的脉冲调制器 2根据触发控制信号产生高压脉冲； 该高压脉冲被送到 X射线装置内的脉冲变压器 3 , 由脉冲变压器进一步升压， 并分出 两路高压， 他们分别作用于微波源 (磁控管 4)和电子枪 6; 微波源在第一路脉冲高压的 作用下产生微波， 微波经微波传输系统输送到加速管 7， 在加速管 7中建立一个稳定 的加速电场， 同时电子枪在另一路脉冲高压的作用下发射电子束流， 电子束流进入加 速管 7, 在加速管 7中被加速电场加速， 形成高能电子束流最后使加速的电子束打靶， 电子束打靶产生的 X射线形成加速器的预定剂量输出， 从而广泛应用于无损检测及辐 照等领域。
在现有的驻波加速器系统工作过程中， 从加速器出束命令发出到加速器产生稳定 的剂量输出， 需要经过这样一些延迟环节：
1 . 软启动
为了保护磁控管， 脉冲调制器产生的脉冲高压并不是一开始就达到满负荷， 而是 幅度逐渐增加的， 脉冲高压从产生到达到满负荷通常需要 500ms左右。 与此相对应加 速器产生的剂量输出也是缓慢增加的。
2. AFC稳频
在加速器出束 (特别是重复频率比较高)时， 加速管由于其内微波功率的作用， 温 度会产生一定的变化， 加速管温度的变化会导致其特征频率变化， 在驻波加速器系统 中通过 AFC (自动频率控制） 稳频装置来保证磁控管的输出频率与加速管的特征频率 一致， 从而保证加速器系统的长时间稳定工作。 AFC稳频装置通过在微波传输系统的 不同位置获取微波信息， 通过分析判断磁控管的输出频率是否与加速管的特征频率一 致， 然后发出相应的调整命令， 通过其内部装置对磁控管进行调整， 使磁控管的输出 频率与加速管的特征频率保持一致。 由于加速器开始加高压出束时， 微波功率进入加 速管建立电场， 同时加速管消耗功率温度发生变化， 特征频率产生变化， AFC稳频装 置投入运行， 通过不断调整使系统达到稳定， 形成稳定的剂量率输出， 这个过程需要 一定的时间， 通常在 500ms到 5秒之间。
附图 2是附图 2是图 1对应传统加速器的工作时序图； 由图 2的工作时序图可以 看到： 加速器束流脉冲稳定时间 T3为软启动时间 T1和 AFC调整时间 T2的和。
这样， 由于软启动、 AFC稳频等环节的存在， 现有的驻波加速器系统从加速器出 束命令的发出到加速器达到稳定的剂量率输出一般需要 0.5秒到 5秒的时间。 因其延 时时间长且不固定， 所以不适用于某些需要加速器快速响应的应用场合， 不利于驻波 加速器的广泛应用。
申请人研制并生产了以驻波电子直线加速器为辐射源的多种型号集装箱 /大型货 物检査系统。 其生产的集装箱 /集卡快速检查系统， 设计方式是被检车辆队列在检查通 道内连续快速通过， 系统在安全避让车头后， 给加速器发出出束指令， 要求系统在安 全避让车头时没有剂量率输出， 以保障司机的安全， 而在发出出束命令后立即形成稳 定的剂量率输出， 以及时完整地检査车辆的货柜区域， 这个响应时间要求在 100ms以 内， 所以系统要求一种新型的能快速响应的加速器系统做为辐射源。 发明内容 ，
鉴于上述问题， 完成了本发明。 本发明的目的是提供一种能快速响应的驻波电子 直线加速器及其快速出束控制方法和安装调整装置， 微波功率系统先于电子枪功率系 统工作， 以达到能快速响应的目的。
为实现上述目的， 本发明提供一种驻波直线加速器， 包括： 微波装置， 所述微波 装置被构造成产生微波； 电子車发射装置， 所述电子束发射装置被构造成发射电子束； 加速装置， 所述加速装置被构造成接收微波装置产生的微波以形成微波电场， 并利用 所述微波电场对所述电子束发射装置发射的电子朿进行加速并使加速的电子束打靶， 以发出 X射线束； 同步装置， 所述同步装置产生同步脉冲信号； 以及快速出束装置， 所述快速出束装置接收所述同步装置产生的同步脉冲信号。 其中所述微波装置根据所 述同步脉冲信号在电子束发射装置开始运行之前提前运行并产生微波， 并且所述快速 出束装置在微波装置产生的微波功率达到稳定状态后驱动电子束发射装置发射电子 束， 以使加速装置发出 x射线束。
当驻波电子直线加速器工作时， 加高压命令和出束命令分开， 系统先给出加高压 命令， 微波功率系统幵始工作， 即调制器在控制装置给出的加高压命令下产生脉冲高 压， 脉冲高压由脉冲变压器进行升压变为磁控管脉冲高压， 磁控管在脉冲高压的作用 下产生微波，微波经过微波传输系统到达加速管，在加速管中形成驻波加速电场， AFC 稳频装置开始工作， 使磁控管的微波输出频率与加速管的特征频率一致， 整个系统逐 步达到微波功率稳定状态； 控制系统根据应用环境要求发出出束命令， 电子枪功率系 统开始工作， 即电子枪触发控制装置在出束命令的作用下产生电子枪触发脉冲， 电子 枪触发脉冲使电子枪脉冲电源产生电子枪脉冲， 电子枪脉冲经电子枪脉冲变压器升压 · 后形成电子枪高压脉冲， 电子枪高压脉冲作用于电子枪， 使电子枪产生电子束流， 电 子束流在加速管中受到稳定的驻波加速电场作用， 经加速并打靶后形成稳定的剂量率 输出。
本发明的驻波电子直线加速器系统的响应速度不由微波功率源系统决定，而由电 子枪功率源系统决定， 利用电子枪加高压即稳定的快速响应特性， 使整个系统具有快 速响应功能。 经实验验证本发明的能快速响应的驻波电子直线加速器系统从出束命令 发出， 到加速器出束束流稳定， 仅需要不到 100ms的时间。
本发明的能快速响应的驻波电子直线加速器系统，利用其出束由电子枪功率源控 制的特点， 对电子枪的工作方式进行精密控制， 可以实现微剂量输出出束。 通过精密 控制的微剂量输出出束在辐射医学领域具有很好的应用前景， 通过精确的照射剂量控 制， 提高照射剂量的利用率和有效性， 减少病人的过量照射或误照射。
本申请进一步提出一种集装箱 /集卡快速检査系统， 使用本发明的能快速响应的驻 波电子直线加速器系统作为辐射源， 能有效地安全避让车头， 而对车辆箱体货柜区域 进行全面检査， 保障了司机的安全同时实现检查的完整有效性。 特别是利用本发明的 快速响应特点， 集装箱 /集卡快速检査系统可以对一个被检车辆队列进行连续而快速的 检査， 车辆队列可以以 1〜4米 /秒的速度检査通道即完成检查， 大大提高了车辆检査 效率， 检査一部集卡的时间由原来的 2~3分钟縮短到现在的 10秒钟之内。
本发明的能快速响应的驻波电子直线加速器系统作为辐射源还可以应用于有特 定要求的辐照系统， 对传输线上的产品进行局部辐照， 从而解决^些不可分割产品某 些部分不能辐照而某些部分又需要辐照的难题。 附图说明
图 1是传统加速器的组成框图；
图 2是图 1对应传统加速器的工作时序图；
图 3是根据本方面一个实施例的加速器的组成框图；
图 4是图 3对应的快速出束装置工作时序图；
图 5是图 3另一种应用定脉冲数出束的控制逻辑图。
图 6是根据本发明的加速器安装调整装置的示意图；
图 7为图 6的 A-A向的示意图。 具体实施方式
附图 3是根据本方面一个实施例的加速器 200的组成框图，即带有快速出束装置的 加速器组成的框图， 这种加速器可以发射出 X射线束， 从而作为辐射源应用在道路、 港口的货物检查系统中， 对移动车辆等移动目标进行 X射线检査。 在附图 3中， 根据本 发明的一种驻波直线加速器， 包括： 具有磁控管的微波装置 12， 该微波装置被构造成 产生微波； 诸如电子枪 10之类的电子束发射装置， 该电子束发射装置被构造成在高压 脉冲的触发下发射电子束； 诸如加速管 7之类的加速装置， 该加速装置被构造成接收通 过微波传输系统传送来的由磁控管 4产生的微波， 以形成微波电场， 并利用该微波电场 对由电子枪 10产生的电子束进行加速并对加速后的电子束打靶， 以发出稳定剂量的 X 射线束； 同步装置， 同步装置可包括在控制系统 1内， 用于产生同步脉冲信号， 该同步 脉冲信号可作用于微波装置 12， 使微波装置 12产生相应频率的微波； 以及快速出束装 置 11， 该快速出束装置 11接收该同步装置产生的同步脉冲信号。 根据本发明， 微波装 置 12在电子枪 10开始运行之前提前运行并产生微波， 并且快速出束装置 11在微波装置 12产生的微波功率达到稳定状态后驱动电子枪发射电子束， 以使加速管发出 X射线束。
进一步地，快速出束装置 11可以包括设置在同步装置与电子枪之间的电子枪触发 控制装置 8和脉冲装置， 该脉冲装置包括脉冲电源 9和脉冲变压器 10。 其中， 电子枪触 发控制装置接收控制系统 1中的同步装置发出的同步脉冲信号和允许电子枪 6开始操作 的使能信号， 该使能信号可以根据由控制系统 1发出的本机出束命令而有效， 也可以是 根据由其它外部操作机构基于磁控管 4产生的微波的功率稳定状态而发出的外部出束 命令而有效， 可供选择地， 也可以根据二者都出现时才有效。 当使能信号有效时， 启 动脉冲电源 9产生第一脉冲信号， 脉冲变压器 10将由脉冲电源 9产生的第一脉冲信号变 成第一高压脉冲， 进而由该第一高压脉冲驱动电子枪 6发射电子束。
进一步地， 微波装置 12包括微波脉冲装置、 诸如磁控管 4之类的微波源和微波 传输系统。 该微波脉冲装置包括调制器 2和脉冲变压器 3， 调制器 3接收同步装置的 系统同步脉冲信号并产生第二脉冲信号， 脉冲变压器 3将该第二脉冲信号转换成用于 驱动磁控管工作的第二高压脉冲， 磁控管 4接收该第二高压脉冲并产生微波信号， 微 波传输系统将所述微波传输到加速管 6， 以在加速管 6内形成微波电场。 更进一步地， 微波装置 12还包括 AFC (自动频率控制） 稳频装置 5， AFC稳频装置 5被构造成使 微波源的微波输出频率与加速装置产生的用于驱动电子枪 10的高压脉冲的频率（即特 征频率） 一致。
下面说明根据本发明的驻波直线加速器 200的工作过程：
控制系统 1中的同步装置给出系统同步脉冲信号及加高压命令信号给脉冲调制器 2； 脉冲调制器 2输出第二脉冲信号给脉冲变压器 3 ; 脉冲变压器 3对第二脉冲信号进 行升压后变成第二高压脉冲送给磁控管 4; 磁控管 4在第二高压脉冲作用下产生脉冲 微波并经微波传输系统馈入加速管 7， 在 AFC稳频装置 5的调节控制下， 微波在加速 管 7中形成稳定的驻波加速电场。 同时， 用于电子枪 6的第一高压脉冲不再由脉冲变 压器 3提供， 而是由控制系统 1中的同步装置发出的与系统同步同相位的同步脉冲信 号给电子枪触发控制装置 8,在有出束命令 （即使能信号） 的情况下电子枪触发控制装 置 8将同步脉冲信号送给脉冲电源 9， 脉冲电源 9根据同步脉冲信号产生第一脉冲信 号， 该第一脉冲信号经脉冲变压器 10转换成为用于电子枪 6的第一高压脉冲， 电子枪 6在脉冲高压作用下发射出电子束， 该电子束在加速管 7中的稳定的微波电场作用下 加速并使加速的电子束打靶后产生 X射线。
附图 4是附图 3所示系统的工作时序。 在图中， 控制系统在发出加高压命令后， 磁控管开始工作， 但与以前系统不同的是， 此时加速器并不产生 X射线束流脉冲。 在 控制系统给出加高压命令一段时间以后 (通常需要 10秒），在经过了系统软启动及 AFC 稳频后， 在加速管中已经形成了稳定的加速电场， 此时再根据需要给出出束命令。 出 束命令可由内部控制系统给出， 也可由外部系统给出。 出束命令立即通过电子枪触发 控制装置 8启动脉冲电源 9， 并在加速管 7中产生脉冲电子束， 仅需要数个脉冲， 加 速器即可得到稳定的 X射线脉冲。
根据本发明的集装箱 /集装箱卡车快速检査系统就使用了安装了快速出束装置的 驻波直线加速器 200。 因被检车辆在检查通道内快速通过， 且车辆在接受检査时要保 障司机的安全， 所以系统在安全避让车头后， 给加速器发出出束指令 （使能电子枪使 能信号）， 系统要求加速器在接受使能信号的 100ms后产生稳定的脉冲束流。 根据实 验检测数据， 加速器 200在收到电子枪使能信号 4个脉冲（按系统正常工作于 200Hz， 约 20ms )后输出稳定的脉冲束流。 在应用了本加速器系统后， 大大提高了车辆检査效 率， 检查一部集卡的时间由原来的 2~3分钟缩短到现在的 10秒钟之内。 微波系统与电子束发射系统不同时开始工作，即微波系统先于电子束发射系统提 前工作， 且在 AFC投入运行且保持稳定后由出束命令 （电子枪使能） 开启加速器电子 束发射系统以使加速器发出 X射线束。 经实验验证本系统从出束命令发出， 到加速器 出束束流稳定， 仅需要不到 100ms。
本发明还可以利用在定脉冲出束的加速器系统中。 通过附图 5显示的控制逻辑， 加速器可以控制只出几个脉冲束流。 由于每个脉冲束流均很稳定， 所以加速器可以比 较精确地控制输出剂量。 该技术在微剂量成像及医学治疗中具有广泛的应用前景。
进一步地， 参见图 6和 7， 根据本发明的另一方面， 提供一种用于上述加速器的 安装调整装置， 包括： 具有射线防护功能的舱体 201、 置于舱体 201内的驻波直线加 速器 200、带校正块的后准直器 202、前准直器 203和用于固定加速器 200起减震作用 的减震器 204。 其中， 沿加速器 200的辐射束的发射方向， 后准直器 202邻近加速器 200设置， 而前准直器远离加速器 200设置。 舱体 201的底部两侧设置有沿加速器辐 射束的发射方向并列平行放置在所述舱体的底部两侧的导轨 205， 各导轨 205上安装 可调节松动的减震器 206， 各减震器 206与加速器 200连接。 正常工作状态下， 减震 器 206对加速器 200起固定作用， 在移动加速器 200时减震器 206起缓冲作用。 加速 器 200置于舱体 201的后面，其辐射束的出束面正对置于舱体 201前面的前准直器 203。 舱体 201的顶部设置移动机构 207。 移动机构 207上连接设置于加速器 200与前准直 器 203之间的带校正块的后准直器 202。
当检修时， 移动机构 207可将带校正块的后准直器 202传送到前后直线并列放置 的导轨 205以外， 再松动减震器 206使加速器 206沿导轨 205前后移动。 本实施例中 的移动机构 207是由电机 208、 左右直线导轨 209、 滚珠丝杠螺母幅装置 210, 以及用 于安装滚珠丝杠 210的螺母、 左右直线导轨 209的滑块和后准直器 202的滑板 211组 成。 左右直线导轨 209与舱体 201顶部所设的横架 211固定。 电机 208安装在左右直 线导轨 209的一端， 丝杠装置 210的丝杆通过联轴器与电机 208可转动地联接。 带校 正块的后准直器 202通过滑板 211与左右直线导轨 209匹配的导轨滑块连接吊装在左 右直线导轨 209的下部， 滑板 211与滚珠丝杠幅 210的螺母连接。
本发明的工作过程如下：
在正常工作状态下， 加速器 200、 带校正块的后准直器 202、 前准直器 203必须 位于同一条直线上， 带校正块的后准直器 202位于加速器 200和前准直器 203之间。 加速器 200的前面和带校正块的后准直器 202的距离只有 20mm， 加速器 200的后面 和舱体 201后面的距离只有 16mm,省去加速器 200所需的前后各 500mm的检修空间。 加速器 200固定于减震器 206上。 正常工作状态下， 电机 208可通过丝杠装置 210带 动带校正块的后准直器 202在左右直线导轨 209上移动实现亮度校正。
在检修状态下， 电机 208通过丝杠装置 210带动滑板 211和滑板 211下面吊装的 带校正块的后准直器 202移动到左右直线导轨 209的端部， 带校正块的后准直器 202 全部从加速器 200的前面移开并置于前后直线的导轨 205以外。 此时加速器 200前面 有 510mm检修空间，能够满足加速器 200的前面检修要求。若检修加速器 200的后部， 可松幵减震器 206和加速器 200的连接，将加速器 200延前后直线并列放置的导轨 205 推到前面， 此时加速器 200后面有 526mm检修空间， 能够满足加速器 200的后面检修 要求。
值得说明的是， 按照本发明的技术方案， 将上述实施例中的结构， 例如丝杠装置 210、 移动机构 207、 前后直线并列放置的导轨 205可以作诸多的等同替换。 例如将螺 旋运动的丝杠装置 210替换为液压油缸移动机构、 齿轮、 齿条移动机构； 或者将移动 机构 207的直线运动替换为延加速器 200某吊点转轴的转动使带校正块的后准直器 202 全部从加速器 200前面移幵； 或者将前后直线并列放置的导轨 205替换为滚轮。 总之 这些技术特征的替换采取的是本领域技术人员公知技术所形成的技术方案均应属于本 发明的保护范围。
尽管已经示出并描述了本发明的一些实施例， 然而本领域的技术人员可以了解， 在不脱离本发明的原理和精髓的情况下能够对这些实施例作出改动， 本发明的保护范 围限定在权利要求及其等同物中。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1 . 一种驻波直线加速器， 包括：
微波装置， 所述微波装置被构造成产生微波；
电子束发射装置， 所述电子束发射装置被构造成发射电子束；
加速装置， 所述加速装置被构造成接收微波装置产生的微波以形成微波电场， 并 利用所述微波电场对所述电子束发射装置发射的电子束进行加速并使加速的电子束打 靶， 以发出 X射线束；
同步装置， 所述同步装置产生同步脉冲信号； 以及
快速出束装置， 所述快速出束装置接收所述同步装置产生的同步脉冲信号， 其中所述微波装置根据所述同步脉冲信号在电子束发射装置幵始运行之前提前 运行并产生微波， 并且所述快速出束装置在微波装置产生的微波功率达到稳定状态后 驱动电子束发射装置发射电子束， 以使加速装置发出 X射线束。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的驻波直线加速器， 其中所述快速出束装置包括设置在所 述同步装置与电子束发射装置之间的触发控制器、 脉冲装置， 所述触发控制器接收同 步装置发出的同步脉冲信号和电子束发射装置的使能信号， 所述脉冲装置根据所述使 能信号产生用于触发电子束发射装置发射电子束的第一高压脉冲。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的驻波直线加速器， 其中所述脉冲装置包括根据同步脉冲 信号产生第一脉冲信号的脉冲电源； 以及用于将由所述脉冲电源产生的第一脉冲信号 变成第一高压脉冲的脉冲变压器。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的驻波直线加速器，其中所述微波装置包括微波脉冲装置、 微波源和微波传输系统， 所述微波脉^装置接收所述同步装置的所述同步脉冲信号并 产生第二高压脉冲， 所述微波源接收所述第二高压脉冲并产生微波信号， 所述微波传 输系统将所述微波传输到加速装置， 以形成微波电场。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的驻波直线加速器， 其中所述微波装置还包括 AFC稳频装 置，所述 AFC稳频装置被构造成使微波源的微波输出频率与加速装置的特征频率一致。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的驻波直线加速器， 其中所述微波源是磁控管。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的驻波直线加速器， 其中所述微波脉冲装置包括用于根据 同步脉冲信号产生第二脉冲信号的脉冲调制器； 以及将所述第二脉冲信号转换成第二 高压脉冲的脉冲变压器。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的驻波直线加速器， 其中所述电子束.发射装置是电子枪。
9. 一种快速扫描成像检测装置， 包括权利要求 1所述的驻波直线加速器。
10. —种驻波直线加速器的快速出束控制方法， 包括以下步骤：
启动微波装置产生微波；
使所产生的微波在加速装置中形成驻波加速电场； 以及
在所产生的微波功率达到稳定状态之后，驱动电子束发射装置向所述加速电场中 发射电子束， 以使加速装置发出 X射线束。
11 . 一种加速器安装调整装置， 包括：
舱体；
如权利要求 1一 8中的任一项所述的驻波直线加速器， 所述加速器设置在所述舱 体内；
导轨， 所述导轨沿加速器辐射束的发射方向并列平行放置在所述舱体的底部两 减震器， 所述减震器可调节松动地安装在所述导轨上并与加速器连接； 移动机构， 所述移动机构设置在所述舱体的顶部；
后准直器， 所述后准直被构造成与移动机构配合并沿加速器辐射束的发射方向邻 近所述加速器设置， 以使移动机构驱动所述后准直器沿所述导轨前后移动并可移动到 导轨以外。
12. 如权利要求 11所述的加速器安装调整装置， 进一步包括： 沿所述加速器的 辐射束的发射方向远离所述加速器设置的前准直器。
13.如权利要求 11所述的加速器安装调整装置，其特征在于，所述移动机构包括 : 电机；
通过横架安装在舱体顶部的左右直线导轨，所述电机安装在所述左右直线导轨的 一端；
丝杠装置， 所述丝杠装置的丝杆通过联轴器与电机可转动地联接，
其中所述后准直器通过与左右直线导轨匹配的导轨滑块吊装在左右直线导轨的 下部， 导轨滑块与丝杠装置的螺纹连接。
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