WO2008041587A1 - Electric device power supply circuit, light emitting diode illumination device, and battery having charge power supply circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

A plurality of light emitting diodes are selected so that the intensity of the forward direction current of the peak light emission efficiency is within a predetermined irregularity range and arranged in parallel to one another. An electric device power supply circuit from an AC power source reduces and rectifies voltage Vf to the vicinity where the light emitting efficiency is at its peak and supplies current to a plurality of light emitting diodes so as to emit light.

Description

 Specification

 Power supply circuit for electrical equipment, light-emitting diode lighting device, and power supply circuit for charging

 TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The present invention relates to a power supply circuit for electrical equipment, a light-emitting diode illuminating device, and a battery with a power supply circuit for charging, which can reduce size, reduce cost, and extend lifespan with less heat generation. .

 Background art

 [0002] In the United States when Thomas Edison introduced the carbon filament bulb, the mainstream of electricity was direct current (DC). A major issue with direct current is the fact that the transmission loss rate increases and becomes inefficient as the distance increases compared to alternating current (AC).

 As a result, alternating current has been adopted in the United States, and since then, the supply of electric power through alternating current has become the mainstream, both in the world and in the world where the transmission range is vast.

 [0004] On the other hand, with regard to lighting, first, the principle of a light bulb is the same as that when the filament is converted into electricity by converting the electricity into heat, with the carbon changed to tungsten or the like. Many other types of lighting such as fluorescent lamps and mercury lamps are also used. In recent years, various colors have become possible, white ones have also been provided, and light emitting diodes (hereinafter referred to as LEDs) have also been used for illumination. There is also the problem that the amount of heat generated is too large for the amount of power luminescence disclosed in various technologies related to LEDs. A large amount of heat generated is a waste of power.

 [0005] On the other hand, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-24776 (hereinafter referred to as Document 1) discloses a technique relating to power consumption reduction and miniaturization of a switching regulator used for LED power supply. Also, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-206001 (hereinafter referred to as Reference 2) discloses a technique related to a switching regulator used for connecting a large number of LEDs in series.

[0006] In Document 2, an operating state such as LED heat generation is grasped from one voltage of serially connected ones, and the voltage of the power supply to be supplied is controlled. LED with high brightness and high output If this happens, the LED itself will generate more heat and the operation may become unstable.

[0007] In Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11 97747 (hereinafter referred to as Document 3), a power supply voltage is divided and reduced by reactance so that an inexpensive power supply circuit is supplied.

[0008] In addition, Japanese Patent Publication No. 2006-4936 (hereinafter referred to as Document 4) discloses a technique relating to a high-density arrangement of LEDs when a large number of LEDs are used. The printed circuit board is divided into two layers, and the LED light emitting part mounted on the lower printed circuit board is exposed from the opening force of the upper printed circuit board.

[0009] However, in the inventions of Document 1 and Document 2 described above, the number of parts of the switching regulator is large, and it is difficult to reduce the size and cost.

[0010] In the invention of Document 3, the circuit configuration is simple, but if the LED has high brightness or high output, the operation of the LED may become unstable. Further, the also comprises a Zener diode, variation operation state by the individual difference of the LED, there is a fear force ^s stressful the LED.

 [0011] The invention of Reference 4 relates to a high-density array of LEDs, and does not reduce heat generation, reduce power consumption, reduce size, reduce costs, and extend life.

 Disclosure of the invention

 [0012] The present invention has been made to solve the above-described conventional problems, and is a power source for electrical equipment that can reduce size, reduce costs, and extend the life with less heat generation, that is, less power consumption. It is an object to provide a circuit, an LED lighting device, and a battery with a power supply circuit for charging.

Yes

 [0013] First, a power supply circuit for electrical equipment uses a constant voltage that suppresses fluctuations in the applied DC voltage by increasing current consumption when the applied DC voltage rises, and conversely decreasing current consumption when the applied DC voltage falls. This is a power circuit for electrical equipment that converts the power supplied from an AC power source into a direct current and supplies it to a load having characteristics, rectifies the AC and converts it into a direct current, and supplies the DC power to the load. And the step-down means for stepping down a voltage applied from an AC power source and supplying the step-down voltage to the rectifier circuit.

[0014] Next, the LED lighting device is connected to the power supply circuit for the electric device and the load as the load And three or more light-emitting diode chips (hereinafter referred to as LED chips) connected in parallel to each other, and the parallel connection suppresses variations in the forward drop voltage VF, thereby defining the load as a load. This problem is solved by suppressing the voltage variation in the voltage characteristics.

 [0015] In addition, a plurality of LED chips connected in parallel to each other, and the power supply circuit for electrical equipment, and the power supply circuit for electrical equipment steps down and regulates the current from the alternating current, This problem is solved by causing the LED chip to emit light with the magnitude of the forward current in the vicinity where the luminous efficiency reaches its peak.

 [0016] The battery device with a power supply circuit for charging comprises the power circuit for electric equipment and a battery connected thereto as the load, and the battery is charged. This solves the above-mentioned problem.

 In the present invention, the power supply target of the power supply circuit for an electrical device is not limited to the light emitting diode. As an example, in the case of a light emitting diode, the forward voltage drop VF is about 2-4V, and there are individual differences. In any case, it becomes higher than the domestic power supply in Japan (AC 100V), so it is necessary to step down the voltage by some means and limit the flowing current.

 [0018] When stepping down using a transformer, the transformer itself is large! /, So it is difficult to reduce the size! Since the commercial frequency is 50Hz to 60Hz, the iron core of the transformer becomes large. When stepping down using a switching regulator, the transformer itself becomes smaller, but the number of parts increases.

 [0019] In the power supply circuit for electrical equipment, reactance is connected in series to the load side to form a reactance voltage dividing circuit. The input power supply voltage is divided by the ratio between the reactance and the load resistance, thereby reducing the power supply voltage and limiting the flowing current. The reactance may be a capacitive reactance or an inductive reactance.

[0020] In reactance, the phase of the flowing current is 90 ° ahead of the voltage (capacitive reactance). Alternatively, the flowing current is 90 ° behind the voltage (inductive reactance). For this reason, the power consumption is theoretically zero. This makes the circuit compact and does not generate heat. Can be realized.

 Here, it can be said that the reactance voltage dividing circuit described above provides constant current characteristics. Therefore, even if the temperature of the LED rises due to its own heat, etc., it is possible to prevent damage to the LED, etc., in which the flowing current hardly changes. This is particularly effective for LEDs with high brightness and high output.

[0022] There are individual differences in the forward voltage drop VF and other LEDs. In the present invention, by connecting a plurality of LEDs to each other in parallel to obtain the load of the present invention, any of the LEDs connected in parallel can be brought into an operating state suitable for each LED.

In the present invention, the load of the power circuit for the electric device is not limited to the force S used as an LED in the embodiments and examples to be described later. For example, a battery may be used as a load and the battery may be charged.

[0024] The LED lighting device prioritizes maintaining the light emission efficiency to the maximum rather than increasing the light emission illuminance of each LED chip, and determines the forward current and forward voltage during light emission. is there. Also, ensure that the overall illumination intensity of the LED lighting device is secured by providing multiple LED chips.

[0025] Therefore, the electric power input to the LED lighting device efficiently emits light, and thus does not unnecessarily become Joule heat. Therefore, it is possible to achieve downsizing, cost reduction, and life extension with less heat generation, that is, less power consumption.

Here, in the present invention, the LED chip is a semiconductor chip formed with a structure as an anode and a power sword LED.

[0027] The LED unit means that the LED chip is sealed with plastic or the like. Here, the LED unit may include a plurality of LED chips.

[0028] The battery device with a charging power circuit includes the electric device power circuit built in a battery with a charging power circuit. In another battery device with a power supply circuit for charging, the LED chip of the LED lighting device is replaced with a charging battery. Brief Description of Drawings

 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power supply circuit for an electric apparatus according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing voltage division in the reactance voltage dividing circuit of the present embodiment. [Figure 3] Graph showing phase at AC

4] Circuit diagram of the LED lighting device of the first embodiment of the present invention

5] Cross-sectional view showing an enlarged LED unit in the LED lighting device of the first embodiment

[FIG. 6] Front view showing the appearance of the LED of the first embodiment.

7] A side view showing the appearance of the LED of the first embodiment

 [Fig.8] Partial cross-sectional view from the side showing the interior of the LED of the first embodiment

 [Figure 9] Back view of the LED printed circuit board of the first embodiment

10] —A graph showing the characteristics of the forward voltage Vf—forward current If of a typical LED chip. 11] A graph showing the characteristics of the forward current If—luminescence intensity L of a typical LED chip. 12] — General LED chip forward voltage Vf—Characteristic of luminous efficiency

[Figure 13] —Forward LED chip forward voltage Vf—Forward current If characteristics variation graph

14] Circuit diagram of the LED lighting device of the second embodiment to which the present invention is applied

15] Circuit diagram of the LED lighting device of the third embodiment to which the present invention is applied

16] A circuit diagram of the LED lighting device of the fourth embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

17] Circuit diagram of the LED lighting device of the fifth embodiment to which the present invention is applied

 FIG. 18 is a front view showing the appearance of an LED lighting device according to a modification of the first to fifth embodiments.

[Figure 19] Partial cross-sectional view of the inside of the LED lighting device as seen from the side

 [Fig.20] An enlarged plan view of a variation of the LED unit

 [Fig. 21] Longitudinal sectional view of the modification

22] Circuit diagram of a battery with a power supply circuit for charging according to the sixth embodiment to which the present invention is applied. Garden 23] Circuit diagram of the main part of the electric apparatus according to the seventh embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing a rectifier circuit used in the first to seventh embodiments.

FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram showing a first modification of the rectifier circuit

FIG. 26 is a circuit diagram showing a second modification of the rectifier circuit

 FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the charging battery of the sixth embodiment or the seventh embodiment. FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram showing a series connection organization of the modification.

FIG. 29 is a circuit diagram showing a parallel connection organization of the modified example. FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram showing a first modification of the illumination section used in the first to fifth embodiments.

 FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram showing a second modification of the illumination unit used in the first to fifth embodiments.

 FIG. 32 is a circuit diagram showing a first modified example of the power supply circuit for electrical equipment according to the first to seventh embodiments.

FIG. 33 is a circuit diagram of an example of a step-down transformer that can be used in these modifications.

 BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power circuit for an electric device according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

 [0032] The electric device power circuit is used for an electric device that converts electric power supplied from an AC power source into DC and uses it.

As shown in FIG. 1, the power supply circuit 10 for electrical equipment of the present embodiment includes a rush current suppression circuit 12, a reactance voltage divider circuit 14, a rectifier circuit 16, and a smoothing circuit 17, DC power is supplied to the constant voltage characteristic load 18.

[0034] The constant voltage characteristic load 18 that uses the DC power after conversion from the power circuit 10 for electrical equipment increases the current consumption when the applied voltage increases, and decreases the current consumption when the applied voltage decreases. By doing so, it has a characteristic (called constant voltage characteristic) that suppresses fluctuations in the voltage applied to the load. This characteristic is related to the forward voltage drop VF of the light emitting diode in the embodiments described later.

The rectifier circuit 16 has a rectifier circuit function for rectifying direct current into alternating current. The smoothing circuit 17 has a smoothing circuit function for suppressing the pulsating flow of the rectified DC voltage.

 In addition, the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 includes a reactance element connected in series to the rectifier circuit 16. The reactance here may be either capacitive reactance or inductive reactance. The reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 steps down the voltage by dividing the voltage applied from the AC power source by the series connection, and limits the flowing current.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing voltage division in the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 of the present embodiment.

[0038] The voltage of the AC power supply is supplied to the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 via the rush current suppression circuit 12 from the left in FIG. In the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14, an AC power By dividing the source voltage by the ratio of the reactance (Z1 in Fig. 2) and the load resistance (ZL in Fig. 2), the voltage Vin of the AC power supply is stepped down to reduce the flowing current. I try to limit it. The voltage VL applied to the rectifier circuit 16 side by the voltage division is expressed by the following equation.

 [0039] VL = ZL / (ZL + Z1) ...... (1)

 [0040] If the voltage VL is several tenths or less than the voltage Vin of the AC power supply, that is, if ZL <<Z1, the reactance voltage divider 14 is a constant current that causes the current IL to flow as follows: It can be seen as a circuit.

 [0041] IL = Vin / (ZL + Zl)

 = Vin / Zl (approximate) ...... (2)

 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the phase in alternating current.

 In this figure, the waveform B advances by 0 ° with respect to the waveform A. These waveforms A and B show AC voltage and current that change with time.

 In the capacitive reactance, the phase of the flowing current is 90 ° ahead of the voltage. Therefore, in Fig. 3, if waveform A is voltage, waveform B becomes current.

 [0045] Alternatively, in the inductive reactance, the phase of the flowing current is delayed by 90 ° from the voltage. Therefore, in FIG. 3, if waveform B is a voltage, waveform A becomes a current.

 [0046] In the reactance, the voltage and current phases are thus shifted from each other by 90 °, so that the power consumption is theoretically zero. In the present embodiment, such a reactance is used in the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 and is used for stepping down the power supply voltage and current limiting. Therefore, a circuit that is small and generates very little heat can be realized.

 Next, in FIG. 1, the rush current suppression circuit 12 suppresses an inrush current that flows when the power is turned on. For example, the charging current to the electrolytic capacitor used in the smoothing circuit 17 temporarily increases when the power is turned on. This will adversely affect the reactance voltage divider circuit 14 and radiate electromagnetic noise to the outside. For this reason, the rush current suppression circuit 12 suppresses a temporary rush current (inrush current) of the AC power supply, and suppresses the charging current as described above.

[0048] In the configuration as shown in FIG. 1, the voltage applied from the AC power source is divided. The reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 is indispensable to step down the voltage and limit the flowing current. Further, the constant voltage characteristic load 18 normally requires a DC power supply, and therefore needs to include a rectifier circuit 16. Other than this, the rush current suppression circuit 12 and the smoothing circuit 17 may be provided as necessary. That is, the rush current suppression circuit 12 may be omitted if there is no problem with the inrush current that flows when the power is turned on, and the smoothing circuit 17 may be omitted if there is no problem with the pulsating current of the DC voltage rectified by the rectifier circuit 16.

Yes

 FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of an LED lighting device to which the present invention is applied.

[0050] The LED lighting device 20 according to the present embodiment includes a power circuit 10 for electrical equipment and a lighting unit 19 including a plurality of light emitting LEDs as a load. In this embodiment, a total of 30 LED chips 11 to 15; LED chip 2;! To 30 and LED chip 3;! To 45 are all connected in parallel to form the illumination unit 19.

 [0051] Symbol F0 in FIG. 4 indicates a heat-resistant fuse disposed between INPUT and diodes D4 and D3. The heat-resistant fuse F0 has a heat resistance that can be heated in a solder reflow furnace when the LED lighting device 20 is manufactured. Specifically, a ceramic fuse may be used. In addition, the heat-resistant fuse F0 breaks and shuts off the power supply if any LED chip fails due to short circuit and an excessive current flows. This prevents failures such as expansion of the failure location due to heat generated by excessive current.

 As shown in FIG. 5, each of these LED chips is sealed together with the cathode side and anode side lead frames 2 A, 2 B and bonding wires 3 by the transparent resin portion 1 to form an LED unit 4. Composed. Here, LED units 4 to 4, 4 to 4, and 4 to 4 are assumed to correspond to the LED chips 11 to 15; 21, 21-30, and 31-45.

 11 15 21 30 31 45

 [0053] The illuminating unit 19 has a configuration in which the LED chips are assembled in parallel as described above, and thus has a constant voltage characteristic derived from the forward drop voltage VF of the LED chip. The effect of variation in body differences can be eliminated. For example, the forward voltage drop VF is averaged by connecting LED chips in parallel, and the effect of variations in individual differences among LED chips can be eliminated.

[0054] The number of LED chips is not specifically limited. However, a certain number For example, if there are at least three and if possible more than ten, it is possible to effectively reduce the influence of such individual variation.

 Here, the individual LED chips 1 1 to 15; LED chip 2;! To 30 and LED chips 3;! To 45 are manufactured by Nichia. The forward voltage drop VF is 3.6V, the maximum forward voltage is 4V, the forward current If is 30mA, the pulse forward current Ifp is 100mA, and the reverse voltage VR is 5V. The selection of the LED chip, forward current If, etc. will be described later.

 Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the smoothing circuit 17 includes an electrolytic capacitor C51 and a resistor R51. The smoothing circuit 17 suppresses flickering of light emission of the light emitting diode. Electrolytic capacitor C51 has a withstand voltage of 6.3V and a capacitance of 47F. Resistor R31 has a resistance of 21Ω and 1 / 6W.

 [0057] The rectifier circuit 16 is a diode bridge D constituted by four diodes D1 to D4, which is built in one mold package, and constitutes a full-wave rectifier circuit. The diode bridge D is manufactured by Vichyei (formerly General's Semiconductor 1), and has a maximum forward current of 4.0A and a maximum reverse voltage of 200V peak.

 [0058] Further, the rush current suppression circuit 12 is configured by a resistor R11, and this resistor R11 is connected in series to the supply path of the AC power supply, connected in series to the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14, and turned on. Inrush current that occurs at times is suppressed. The resistor R11 is a resistance value, and its size is 1 / 4W. If a very large resistance value is selected, the loss in the resistor R1 1 increases and at the same time, heat is generated.

[0059] The reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 includes a capacitor C21 connected in series to the diode bridge D. The capacitor C21 has different characteristics depending on the LED chip 11 to 15; LED chip 2;! To 30 and LED chip 3;! To 45. For example, a Mylar capacitor (film-type nonpolar capacitor) with a withstand voltage of 250 VAC, which varies depending on the emission color, is used. For example, when the color is white and blue, 0.68 μΡ ^ green (or 0.47 _i F (0.33 μ ¥ ^ 0.22 F is acceptable)), red (0.15 μ ¥ ( 0. l ^ F is also possible), etc. In parallel, stabilize the voltage to the desired capacity.

FIG. 6 is a front view seen from the illuminated side of the LED lighting device 20 that is effective in the present embodiment, and each includes an LED chip through a transparent resin cover 32 described later. LE D unit 4 is visible. A total of 30 LED units 4,, and

 11— 15 21— 30 31—45

They are aligned on three circumferences with different radii, with the central axis C in common. Broken lines in FIG. 6 are drawn on the drawing to show the alignment.

 [0061] Five LED units 4 in the innermost circumference and 10 LED units in the middle circumference

 11— 15

 4 and 15 LED units 4 are arranged on the outer circumference.

21—30 31—45

 It is arranged and wired on the printed circuit board 30 so as to illuminate the direction. The direction of the illumination is the direction from the paper surface to the near side in FIG. 6, and the direction from the right side to the left side in FIGS.

 FIG. 7 is a side view showing the external appearance of the LED lighting device 20. FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the side showing the inside of the LED lighting device 20.

 As shown in FIG. 8, a substrate 31 is provided on the back side of the printed circuit board (first printed circuit board) 30, and the electric device power circuit 10 is arranged on the surface of the second printed circuit board 31. Mounted on the front and back surfaces. LED unit 4,,, and printed circuit board 3

 11— 15 21— 30 31—45

 0 and 31 are arranged inside the case 34. In this case 34, a standard base 36 for a general lighting bulb is provided on the opposite side to the illumination direction, that is, on the right side in FIGS. The base 36 is a general one of the standard called “E26”.

 [0064] In the base 36, power is supplied by the electrodes 36a and 36b that are electrically insulated from each other. Further, in FIG. 7, the electrode 36a force, the lazy wire 42, and the electrode 36b force are also connected to the power supply circuit 10 for electrical equipment by the wiring 43, whereby power is supplied from the base 36 to the internal circuit. ing. The electric device power circuit 10 is mounted on the front and back surfaces of the second printed circuit board 31 as described above in the present embodiment and also in the embodiments described later.

 [0065] Note that the case 34 is made of a mold and is made of glass whose inner surface is reflected so that light is reflected by aluminum metal vapor deposition or the like. It may be. In case 34, LED unit 4

 The front part of -15 21-30 is sealed with a transparent, disc-shaped, flat resin cover 32

31—45

 Ru

FIG. 9 is a rear view of the printed circuit board 30 according to the present embodiment. [0067] The LED unit 4,, is aligned with each of the three circumferences on the printed base.

 11— 15 21— 30 31—45

 On the back side of the plate 30, the positive wiring 30-1a, 30-2a, 30-3a, and negative negative spring 30-lb, 30-2b, 30-3b, which supply DC power for these light emitting diodes, are provided.酉 Self-spring force It is set in an S circle. The circumferential center of these wirings is the same as the central axis C of the circumferential alignment of the light emitting diodes.

 Further, these positive electrode wirings 30-la, 30-2 a, and 30-3 a on the back surface of the printed circuit board 30 are interconnected by printed wiring on the surface of the printed circuit board 30. The negative wirings 30-lb, 30-2b, and 30-3b are also interconnected by the printing spring on the surface of the printing board 30. And these 酉 自 泉 30- la, 30-2a, 30-3a, 酉 己 泉 30- lb, 30-2b, 30-3b, by: LED chip 11 ~; 15 ,: LED chip 2;! ~ 30: LED chip 3;! To 45 are connected in parallel to each other and are organized as an illumination unit 19.

 In this embodiment, for the reasons described later, the forward voltage Vf is used for illumination in the vicinity of the peak luminous efficiency. For the LED chip, the forward voltage Vf and the forward current If are adjusted by adjusting the capacitance of the reactance voltage divider circuit 14.

 [0070] For example, the LED chip is caused to emit light with the magnitude of the forward current within a range of 10% up and down, centering on the forward current at which the luminous efficiency reaches its peak.

 [0071] Further, the LED chip selected so that the variation in the forward current is within the range of 10% above and below the predetermined median value at the specific forward voltage of the LED chip during light emission is used. It is done.

 [0072] The reason for the above will be described. FIG. 10 is a graph showing the characteristics of the forward voltage Vf—forward current If of a general LED chip. In addition, FIG. 11, FIG. 12, and FIG. 13 show the characteristics of the forward current If and the emission luminance L, the nominal pressure Vf in the forward direction, the luminous efficiency characteristic, and the forward voltage Vf in FIG. It is a graph which shows the dispersion | variation in the characteristic of the forward current If.

In these graphs, the units of forward voltage Vf, forward current If, light emission luminance L, and light emission efficiency are V, mA, cd = m ² (= nt), and nt / W, respectively. Here, the luminous efficiency is the luminance L with respect to the power W applied to the LED chip, that is, L / W.

In FIG. 12, the luminous efficiency is indicated by the solid line, and the luminance L is indicated by the alternate long and short dash line. Is done. In FIG. 13, the dot-dash line shows the characteristic of the forward voltage Vf—forward current If of one LED chip, and the dot-dash line shows the characteristic of the forward voltage Vf—forward current If of another LED chip. Is shown.

As shown in FIG. 10, in the LED chip, when the forward voltage Vf is smaller than the voltage VI, the forward current If does not flow and the light does not emit light. Further, the LED chip emits light when the forward voltage Vf becomes larger than the voltage VI, and when the forward voltage Vf increases, the forward current If increases exponentially with this.

 Next, as shown in FIG. 11, in the LED chip, the emission luminance L increases logarithmically as the forward current If increases. In other words, when the forward current If increases, the degree of increase in the light emission luminance L with respect to the increase in the forward current If decreases. Therefore, when the forward current If increases more than a certain amount, the luminous efficiency increases. It turns out that it falls gradually.

 [0077] This gradual decrease in light emission efficiency is apparent from FIG. 12, and in the range where the forward voltage Vf increases from voltage VI to voltage V2, the light emission luminance L increases as the forward voltage Vf increases. At the same time, the luminous efficiency increases. In the range where the forward voltage Vf is equal to or higher than the voltage V2, the light emission luminance L increases as the forward voltage Vf increases, but the light emission efficiency gradually decreases.

 Accordingly, as described above, the magnitude of the forward current is set to a range of 10% above and below the value at which the luminous efficiency reaches a peak, and the LED chip is set at a predetermined forward voltage and the forward current is By selecting and using within 10% above and below the median value, it is possible to maintain high luminous efficiency and reduce heat generation.

 In FIG. 13, the alternate long and short dash line is a graph showing the characteristic of the forward voltage Vf of the LED chip—the forward current I f, and the alternate long and two short dashes line is the forward voltage Vf of another LED chip. It is a graph which shows the characteristic of the one forward current If. Even with the same forward voltage Va, the forward current is Ial for the dash-dot LED chip and the forward current is Ia2 for the dash-dot LED chip. The difference between these forward currents Ial and Ia2 is somewhat large.

FIGS. 14 to 17 are circuit diagrams showing power supply circuits 20A to 20D for electrical devices according to second to fifth embodiments, respectively, to which the present invention is applied. In the electric device power circuits 20A to 20D of the second to fifth embodiments, compared to the first embodiment, the capacitor C21 of the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 includes two capacitors C2 2 And C23, or six capacitors C24 to C29, or four capacitors C31 to C34, which are connected in parallel or in series. The capacitors of the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14 may be appropriately connected in parallel as described above, or in some cases connected in series, so as to realize a capacitor having an arbitrary capacity or withstand voltage. Alternatively, an electrolytic capacitor may be used if necessary!

 In addition, in the electric device power supply circuits 20B to 20D of the third to fifth embodiments, the resistor R11 of the rush current suppressing circuit 12 is omitted. If the electrolytic capacitor used in the smoothing circuit 17 is not necessary, such as a small capacity, the rush current suppression circuit 12 can be omitted in this way. Also, the smoothing circuit 17 may be omitted as in the fifth embodiment.

 [0083] In these electrical equipment power supply circuits 20A to 20D, the illumination unit denoted by reference numeral 19 is the same as the illumination unit in the first embodiment described above, and a part of the illustration of the circuit diagram is omitted. Yes. In addition, in the power supply circuits 20A to 20D for these electric devices, the number of light emitting diodes is not limited specifically!

 FIG. 18 is a front view showing the appearance of a modified example of the first to fifth embodiments described above.

 FIG. 19 is a partial cross-sectional view seen from the side showing the inside of the modified example.

 [0085] In the modification, the illumination unit 19 is mounted on three printed boards 30A to 30C. That is, on the printed circuit board 30A on the disk, five LED chips 1;! To 15 are arranged and mounted with the central axis C as the center. On the ring-shaped printed circuit board 30B having the central axis C as the center, ten LED chips 2;! To 30 are arranged and mounted with the central axis C as the center. On the ring-shaped printed circuit board 30C having the central axis C as the center, 15 LEDs 3;! To 45 are arranged and mounted with the central axis C as the center.

 As shown in FIG. 18, when viewed from the front side illuminated by the present embodiment, the printed board 30A on the disk is arranged at the center of the whole so that the center thereof is the central axis C. Therefore, the printed circuit board 30A on the disk is referred to as a central board.

[0087] Further, the printed board 30B force is arranged outside the printed board 30A so that the center thereof is the central axis C and shifted from the printed board 30A in the illumination direction (front side). Furthermore, pre The printed circuit board 30C force is arranged outside the printed circuit board 30B so that the center thereof is the central axis C and is shifted from the printed circuit board 30B in the illumination direction (front side). As shown in FIG. 15, the printed circuit boards 30A to 30C have a central diameter that is closest to the base 36 and has a small diameter, as can be seen from FIG. It is arranged on the front side (transparent resin cover 32 side) from the largest to the largest.

[0088] In the first to fifth embodiments described above, the shape seen from the front side of the LED lighting device 20, the shape in which the LED units 4, and are aligned, and the print

 11— 15 21— 30 31—45

 The planar shapes of the substrates 30 and 30A to 30C were all circular. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, it may be rectangular or rectangular.

 For example, in the modified examples of FIGS. 18 and 19, the shape seen from the front of the LED lighting device 20, the planar shape of the printed circuit board 30A, the LED unit 4 on the printed circuit board 30A,

 11—15 21

The arrangement and alignment of, are both circular. And printed circuit boards 30B and 30C

~ 30 31-45

 And the LED unit 4 on the printed circuit boards 30B and 30C,

 The arrangement and alignment of 11—15 21—30 31- may be a square shape.

 45

 [0090] In the above embodiment, one LED unit contains one LED chip. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of LEDs are mounted in parallel in one LED unit. May be.

 [0091] For example, in the case of a bullet-type LED unit as shown in Figs. 20 and 21, if the diameter is 5mm, up to 4 square LED chips of 0.7mm x 0.7mm (3 in Fig. 20). Pcs) Ability to mount.

As shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the LED unit 50 is formed on the first lead wire 52, the second lead wire 54, and the end portion of the first lead wire 52 (the upper end portion 52A in FIG. 21). Chip mounting portion 56 and three LED chips 5 8A on which the force sword electrode, which is the lower surface thereof, is connected to the upper end portion 52A via the bonding wire 59A. , 58B, 58C (hereinafter collectively referred to as LED chip 58) and the upper lead electrode 54A and 3ί of the second lead wire 54 in FIG. 21: Upper anode electrode in LED chips 58A, 58B, 58C Bonding wire 59B, first lead wire 52 and first wire 52 (2) An upper end portion 52A, 54A of the lead wire 54, a plurality of LED chips 58, and a sealing resin portion 60 made of a translucent resin such as an epoxy resin for sealing the bonding wires 59A, 59B. Has been.

 [0093] The three LED chips 58A, 58B, and 58C are arranged on the chip mounting portion 56, as shown in FIG. 20, with the upper end portion 52A of the first lead wire 52 and the upper end portion 54A of the second lead wire 54. In FIG. 20, they are arranged in a straight line in a direction orthogonal to the straight line connecting the two.

 The chip mounting portion 56 has a mounting surface 56A that is a straight plane, as indicated by a chain line in FIG. The LED chip side end of the bonding wire 59A is fixed to the mounting surface 56, and the lower electrode (force sword electrode) of the LED chips 58A, 58B, 58C is bonded and fixed thereon with, for example, a conductive adhesive. ing. Further, the LED chips 58A, 58B, and 58C are integrally fixed to the chip mounting portion 56 by a phosphor dispersion resin 54 indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIG. The phosphor dispersion resin 24 is made of an epoxy resin or a silicon resin in which a phosphor for causing the LED chip 50 to emit white light is dispersed.

 [0095] The first lead wire 52 and the second lead wire 54 are made of a lead frame, and the lead frame is made of silver-plated iron, copper, or a copper alloy, and the first lead wire. 52 force S power sword side, second lead wire 54 is connected to the power supply (not shown) so that it is on the anode side. Further, the mounting surface 56A constituting the bottom surface of the chip mounting portion 56 is configured by the reflective surface by the silver plating. Therefore, a part of the light emitted from the LED chip 58 is reflected by the mounting surface 56A, and the phosphor in the phosphor dispersion resin 54 is excited and emitted (white light).

 [0096] In this LED unit 50, unlike the conventional LED unit, the first lead wire 52 is directly connected by the bonding wire 59A without using the lower force sword electrode force chip mounting surface 56 in FIG. 21 of the LED chip. Since it is connected to the upper end 52A of the LED, it is possible to supply power S without bias to the three LED chips 58A to 58C. If the conductivity of the first lead wire 52 and the conductive adhesive is sufficiently large, the bonding wire 59A is not necessary.

[0097] In the multi-chip type LED unit 50, since three LED chips 58A, 58B, and 58C are mounted on one chip mounting portion 56, LED chip integration in the LED unit 50 as a lighting device is performed. The degree of light emission is increased, thereby significantly increasing the amount of light emitted Can do.

 [0098] Although heat generation becomes a problem when the LED chip integration degree is increased, in this embodiment, for example, it is confirmed by a chip sorting device that heat generation is very small when chips having the same characteristics are combined. did it.

 FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram of a battery device 40 with a charging power supply circuit according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

 [0100] In the present embodiment, the battery 22 is charged by the electric device power circuit 10A of this embodiment. After charging, the battery with a charging power circuit 40 of this embodiment outputs DC power from “DC OUTPUT” on the right side in FIG. 22 and can be used as a DC power source.

 Note that the voltage of the output at this time is the voltage of the battery 22. Further, in the battery 40 with a charging power source circuit of this embodiment, and in the seventh embodiment to be described later, as in the lighting unit 19 of the first to fifth embodiments described above, rectified lighting flickering is performed. The smoothing circuit 17 is omitted because there is no problem due to the DC pulsating flow.

 [0102] The power supply circuit for electrical equipment to which the present invention is applied has the constant current characteristic as described above, and therefore, the battery 22 can be effectively charged. That is, even when the battery 22 is in an overdischarged state, the charging current flowing into the battery 22 can be suppressed from becoming an overcurrent. The reactance of the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14, for example, the capacity of the capacitor C21, may be determined according to the maximum current that can flow in the overdischarge state. In this embodiment, the charging current decreases as the battery 22 is charged.

 FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram of the essential parts of the electrical equipment of the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

 It can be said that this embodiment incorporates the battery 40 with the power supply circuit for charging of the above-described sixth embodiment in an electric device. Reference numeral 24 denotes a main body of the electric device, which is a circuit section of the main body of the electric device that is supplied with DC power from the battery 40 with a charging power supply circuit.

Here, FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing the rectifier circuit 16 used in the first to seventh embodiments described above. 25 and 26 are circuit diagrams showing modifications of the rectifier circuit 16, respectively. The rectifier circuit 16 used in the first to seventh embodiments described above is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a full-wave rectifier circuit or a half-wave rectifier circuit. Here, the AC input terminals IN1 and IN2 and the DC output terminals OUT + and OUT of the rectifier circuit 16 are defined as shown in FIG. Then, for example, the rectifier circuit 16 may be a full-wave rectifier circuit as shown in FIG. 25 and a half-wave rectifier circuit as shown in FIG.

 Next, FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the charging battery 22 of the sixth embodiment or the seventh embodiment described above. In FIG. 27, and in FIG. 28 and FIG.

 The combinations IN + p, IN-p, OUT + s, and OUT s all correspond to FIG. 22 and FIG. The same applies to FIG. 28 and FIG. 29 described later.

 [0108] In this modification of the charging battery 22, a total of n battery cells B having the same charging characteristics and characteristics when supplying power are provided. These are further divided into battery cells B1, B2, B3... Bn, respectively.

 Each of these battery cells B includes a switching switch S + s and a switching switch S + p at a plus terminal, and a switching switch S−s and a switching switch Sp at a minus terminal. These switching switch S + s, switching switch S + p, switching switch S—s, and switching switch S—p may be semiconductor switches or metal relay contacts.

 [0110] By switching these switching switch S + s, switching switch S + p, switching switch S-s and switching switch S-p, these battery cells B can all be organized in series connection, It is also possible to organize everything in parallel connection.

 [0111] First, when switching to a power supply of a predetermined power supply voltage, all the switching switches S + s and all the switching switches S-s of the battery cell B are turned on. All switching switches S + p and all switching switches S-p are turned off. Then, all of these battery cells B are organized in series connection as shown in FIG. In this way, when the voltage of one battery cell B is E, the power of the power supply voltage of (EX n) can be supplied from the terminal OUT + s and the terminal OUT s. .

[0112] Alternatively, when charging, all the switching switches S + p of these battery cells B , And all switching switches Sp are turned on. All switching switches S + s and all switching switches S-s are turned off. Then, all of these battery cells B are organized in parallel connection as shown in FIG. In this charging, the battery cell B is charged from the terminal IN + p and the terminal IN−p.

 [0113] It should be noted that when switching from a series connection to a parallel connection, or conversely, when switching from a parallel connection to a series connection, all of the battery cells B Switch switch S + s, switch switch S + p, switch switch S—s and switch switch S—p are temporarily turned off. If all of them are not turned off temporarily, positive and negative power may be short-circuited in battery cell B.

 [0114] In Fig. 28, the switching switch S + s and the switching switch S-s are both turned off (OFF: open) for the sake of drawing. The actual circuit operation is all on (ON: closed). In FIG. 26, the switching switch S + p and the switching switch S-p are both turned off (OFF: open) for the sake of drawing. However, when charging, the actual circuit operation is All are on (ON: closed).

 As described above, in the modified example of FIG. 27, when the charging battery 22 is used as a power source for the electrical device 24 or the like, the necessary power supply voltage can be obtained by using the series configuration shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the charging battery 22 is charged by the power supply circuit 10A for the electric equipment, by adopting the parallel organization shown in FIG. Make sure that you can charge efficiently, reduce unnecessary power consumption, and reduce unnecessary heat generation.

 Note that FIG. 31 is a circuit diagram showing a modification of the illumination unit 19 used in the first to fifth embodiments described above.

 [0117] In FIG. 31, the heat-resistant fuse F for each block, such as the block of LED chips 11 to 15, LED chip 2;! To 30 blocks, LED chip 3;! To 45 blocks, etc. ! ~ F3 is provided. Therefore, since only the heat-resistant fuses F1 to F3 of the block including the LED chip having the short-circuit failure are blocked, the LED chips of other blocks can be continuously illuminated.

[0118] Fig. 32 shows the power supply circuit 10 for electric equipment of the first to seventh embodiments described above, respectively. FIG. 10C is a circuit diagram showing a modification of 10A. FIG. 33 is a circuit diagram of an example of the step-down transformer 11 that can be used in these modified examples.

[0119] Since the first to seventh embodiments described above are provided with the reactance voltage dividing circuit 14, when viewed from the AC power input side of the commercial AC power AC100V, the entire load becomes reactive (capacitive). By providing the step-down transformer 11 as in the case of the force S and these modifications, the capacitive apparent power can be suppressed.

[0120] In the modification of Fig. 33, the rush current suppression circuit 12 may be omitted.

[0121] According to the present invention, there is a power circuit for an electric device, an LED lighting device, and a power circuit for charging, which can be miniaturized with little heat generation, that is, low power consumption, cost reduction, and life extension. A battery can be provided.

Claims

The scope of the claims  [1] When the applied DC voltage rises, the current consumption increases, and conversely when the applied DC voltage drops, the current consumption decreases, so that the load has a constant voltage characteristic that suppresses fluctuations in the applied DC voltage. A power circuit for electrical equipment that converts power supplied from a power source into direct current and supplies it.  A rectifier circuit that rectifies and converts alternating current into direct current and supplies direct current power to the load; and a step-down means that steps down a voltage applied from an alternating current power source and supplies the voltage to the rectifier circuit. Power supply circuit for electrical equipment.  [2] In claim 1,  The step-down means includes a reactance element connected in series to the rectifier circuit, and is a reactance voltage dividing circuit that steps down the voltage by dividing the voltage applied from the AC power supply and limits the flowing current. A power supply circuit for electrical equipment. [3] In claim 2,  A smoothing circuit provided between the rectifier circuit and the load, for suppressing a pulsating flow of a DC voltage obtained from the rectifier circuit;  A power supply circuit for an electrical device, comprising: a rush current suppression circuit provided on the AC power supply side upstream of the reactance voltage dividing circuit and configured to suppress an inrush current generated when the power is turned on. [4] In claim 1,  The power supply circuit for electrical equipment, wherein the step-down means is a transformer. 5. The power supply circuit for electrical equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rectifier circuit is a full-wave rectifier circuit. 6. The power supply circuit for an electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rectifier circuit is a half-wave rectifier circuit. [7] The power supply circuit for electrical equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6,  And three or more light emitting diode chips connected to each other in parallel as the load, The parallel connection suppresses the variation in the forward drop voltage VF, A light-emitting diode illuminator characterized by suppressing voltage variations in constant voltage characteristics.  [8] A plurality of light-emitting diode chips connected in parallel to each other and the power circuit for an electric device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the power circuit for the electric device is provided with an AC current. A light-emitting diode illuminating device characterized in that the light-emitting diode chip is caused to emit light at a magnitude of a forward current in the vicinity where light emission efficiency reaches a peak by stepping down and adjusting the current. [9] In claim 8,  The electric device power supply circuit is configured to supply electric power with a forward current magnitude within a range of 10% centered on a forward current magnitude at which the luminous efficiency reaches a peak. A light-emitting diode illumination device. [10] In claim 8 or claim 9,  A plurality of light-emitting diode chips, a pair of force sword-side lead frames and anode-side lead frames connected in parallel, and the light-emitting diode chips and the force-sword-side lead frames and anode-side lead frames in the vicinity thereof A light-emitting diode illuminating device comprising at least one light-emitting diode unit including a sealing resin portion that integrally seals the light-emitting diode. [11] In claim 10,  The plurality of diode chips are connected to the force sword side lead frame, and the anode side electrode is connected in parallel to the force sword side lead frame by bonding wires, respectively. apparatus. [12] In any one of claims 8 to 11,  The plurality of light emitting diode chips are selected so that forward voltage and forward current characteristics are within a predetermined range. [13] In any one of claims 8 to 12, One or more of the light emitting diode chips are sealed with the same sealing resin to form a light emitting diode unit, and the light emitting diode unit is disposed on the first substrate so as to illuminate in the same direction. And the electric machine at a position spaced apart on the back side of the substrate. A light-emitting diode illuminating device comprising a power circuit for a device. [14] In claim 13,  A light-emitting diode illuminating device characterized in that the light-emitting diode unit is divided into a plurality of groups sharing a force-sword-side lead wire and an anode-side lead wire, and a fuse that is broken by an overcurrent is provided for each group. . [15] In any one of claims 8 to 14,  A fuse that breaks due to overcurrent is provided on the power supply side of the power supply circuit for electrical equipment.  A light-emitting diode illuminating device, wherein a plurality of the light-emitting diode chips connected in parallel to each other are divided into a plurality of groups, and a fuse that is broken by an overcurrent is provided for each group.  [16] The power supply circuit for electrical equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6,  And a battery connected as the load,  A battery with a power supply circuit for charging, wherein the battery is charged. [17] In claim 16,  When power is supplied, the power is supplied with the necessary power supply voltage by organizing them in series with each other, and when charging, the power supply characteristics are also organized in parallel with each other. A plurality of battery cells that are the same as each other,  A switching switch S + s that is provided for each of these battery cells and that is connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell and that is turned on with respect to the negative terminal of another adjacent battery cell in the series connection organization, and A switching switch S + p that is turned on with respect to the positive terminal of another adjacent battery cell during the parallel connection formation;  A switching switch S-s that is provided for each of these battery cells and that is connected to the negative terminal of the battery cell and that is turned on with respect to the positive terminal of another adjacent battery cell during the series connection organization, and A battery with a charging power supply circuit, comprising: a switching switch Sp that is turned on with respect to a negative terminal of another adjacent battery cell in the parallel connection formation.