WO2007119344A1 - 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜 - Google Patents
直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007119344A1 WO2007119344A1 PCT/JP2007/054977 JP2007054977W WO2007119344A1 WO 2007119344 A1 WO2007119344 A1 WO 2007119344A1 JP 2007054977 W JP2007054977 W JP 2007054977W WO 2007119344 A1 WO2007119344 A1 WO 2007119344A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- cation exchange
- diaphragm
- membrane
- fuel cell
- liquid fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1041—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends
- H01M8/1053—Polymer electrolyte composites, mixtures or blends consisting of layers of polymers with at least one layer being ionically conductive
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1067—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by their physical properties, e.g. porosity, ionic conductivity or thickness
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08J2323/06—Polyethene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a direct liquid fuel cell and a diaphragm used therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a direct liquid fuel cell of a type that takes in the atmosphere and supplies it to the oxidant chamber without substantially adjusting the humidity, and a diaphragm that can be suitably used therefor.
- Background art
- Ion exchange membranes are widely used as membranes for batteries such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells, redox flow cells, zinc bromine cells, and dialysis membranes.
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using an ion exchange membrane as an electrolyte is a talin that continuously supplies fuel and oxidant to the cell, and extracts chemical energy when they react as electric power. It is one of highly efficient power generation systems. In recent years, this battery has become increasingly important for automobile use, home use, and portable use from the viewpoint of low-temperature operation and miniaturization.
- a solid polymer fuel cell has a solid polymer membrane generally acting as an electrolyte inside, and a gas diffusion electrode carrying a catalyst is bonded to both sides of the membrane.
- a fuel composed of hydrogen gas or an alcohol aqueous solution such as methanol is supplied to a chamber (fuel chamber) on the side where one gas diffusion electrode exists, and an oxidant is supplied to the chamber on the side where the other gas diffusion electrode exists. It functions as a fuel cell by supplying oxygen-containing gases such as oxygen and air, and connecting an external load circuit between both gas diffusion electrodes.
- direct liquid fuel cells that use an aqueous alcohol solution such as methanol as the direct fuel are easy to handle because the fuel is liquid. Furthermore, since this fuel cell is inexpensive, it is expected to be a relatively small output power source especially for portable devices.
- FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a direct liquid fuel cell.
- la and lb are battery barriers.
- the battery partition walls la and lb are respectively formed on both sides of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6 with the solid polymer electrolyte membrane 6 used as a diaphragm interposed therebetween.
- 2 is a fuel flow hole formed in the inner wall of one battery partition wall la
- 3 is an oxidant gas flow hole formed in the inner wall of the other battery partition wall lb.
- 4 is a fuel chamber side diffusion electrode
- 5 is an oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode.
- a cation exchange membrane is usually used as the diaphragm.
- This cation exchange membrane is required to have a low electrical resistance, a high physical strength, and a low permeability such as alcohol used as a fuel.
- Conventional cation exchange membranes used as fuel cell membranes include, for example, those based on porous membranes made of polyolefin or fluororesin.
- This cation exchange membrane is filled with a polymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable monomer having a functional group capable of introducing a cation exchange group into the pores of the base material and a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer. After the polymerizable composition is superposed, the cation exchange group is introduced into a functional group capable of introducing the cation exchange group.
- a membrane made of a crosslinked polymer having a cation exchange group is suitable because it can be produced at a relatively low cost and is less swelled and deformed by a fuel having a low electrical resistance and a low permeability of the liquid fuel.
- the oxygen-containing gas which is an oxidant gas, is used in the above direct liquid fuel cell. Force that may use pure oxygen. Usually, the air around the battery is taken in for convenience and the like. This method is mainstream.
- the power generation performance of a fuel cell is slightly affected by changes in the temperature, humidity, supply pressure, and the like of the taken-in air. Therefore, in order to continue stable power generation, it is preferable to keep these properties of the air taken in constant.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-135328
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-11 310649
- Non-Patent Document 1 Society of Chemical Engineering, Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.31, No.1, 62-67, 2005 Invention Disclosure
- the use of the direct liquid fuel cell of the type in which the air is taken in and supplied to the oxidant chamber as it is is used in the normal range.
- changes in temperature and supply pressure were in an acceptable range rather than having a significant effect on power generation performance.
- the change in humidity greatly affected the permeability of the liquid fuel to the cation exchange membrane.
- fuel cells that can cope with changes in humidity are desired. The inventors estimated the mechanism of the effect of humidity on the permeability of liquid fuel as follows.
- the vicinity of the surface on the fuel chamber 7 side of the battery diaphragm 6 also having a cation exchange membrane force is a liquid containing a large amount of water such as an alcohol aqueous solution. Since it is in contact with fuel, it absorbs water and is in a wet state. On the other hand, the vicinity of the surface on the oxidizer chamber 8 side is in a dry state because it is in contact with the air taken in. In this way, in the battery diaphragm 6 in which the environments where both surfaces are in contact with each other are completely different, the liquid fuel having high proton conductivity is likely to permeate near the relatively wet surface on the fuel chamber 7 side.
- the permeability of the liquid fuel as a whole of the diaphragm is considered to be a combination of different properties near both surfaces.
- the non-permeability of the liquid fuel in the diaphragm (cation exchange membrane) of the direct liquid fuel cell is maintained so that the non-permeability is high in the vicinity of the surface on the side of the oxidant chamber 8 in the dry state,
- the key is to block the flow of liquid fuel that permeates a large amount from the surface of the membrane on the side of the fuel chamber 7 in the wet state.
- a cation exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure has a relatively high liquid fuel impermeability, and the liquid fuel impermeability in a dry state is considerably excellent. Therefore, the fuel cell using this diaphragm can obtain good power generation performance when the humidity of the oxidant atmosphere is supplied in a sufficiently dry state.
- Relative humidity in the atmosphere varies greatly due to changes in the surrounding environment such as the weather.
- the range of change in the relative humidity of the atmosphere is usually in a wide range of about 20 to 80%.
- the non-permeability of the diaphragm to liquid fuel varies greatly as described above. From the viewpoint of obtaining a stable battery output, this variation is not very acceptable.
- the diaphragm surface on the fuel chamber side is in contact with a liquid fuel containing a large amount of water.
- the membrane surface on the fuel chamber side is kept at a high water content. It was discovered that the proton conductivity of the diaphragm is almost unaffected by the humidity value of the air taken in, but is determined by the high moisture content of the diaphragm surface on the fuel chamber side.
- the present inventors have found that the moisture content of the diaphragm is kept low within the change range of the humidity of the atmosphere supplied to the oxidant chamber of the fuel cell, while the large amount supplied to the fuel chamber.
- a diaphragm that has a sufficiently high water content when in contact with other liquid fuel (water)
- the above problems can be solved and a fuel cell that can stably exhibit excellent power generation performance can be provided. I came up with that.
- the present invention has been completed based on the above idea.
- the present invention is a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel cell of a type that takes in air and supplies air to the oxidant chamber without substantially adjusting humidity, and has a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 The moisture content at (° C) is:! ⁇ 5%, the moisture content at relative humidity 80% RH (25 ° C) is 515%, and the relative moisture content is 100% RH (25 ° C). Tick with 20 40% A membrane for a direct liquid fuel cell, characterized by having an on-exchange membrane force.
- the present invention is a direct liquid fuel cell manufactured by using the novel fuel cell membrane.
- the cation exchange membrane used in the present invention is used as a diaphragm of a direct liquid fuel cell of a type that takes in air and supplies it to the oxidant chamber without substantially adjusting the humidity, the air to be taken in is used.
- the liquid fuel In a low humidity state, the liquid fuel is extremely non-permeable. And even if the humidity of the atmosphere becomes high, the non-permeability of the liquid fuel can still be kept high. In general, the change in atmospheric humidity is about 20 to 80%.
- the permeability of methanol to a diaphragm in contact with a 30% methanol solution is 600 g / m 2 'hr or less, In particular, it can be maintained in the range of 400 to 100 g / m 2 'hr.
- the diaphragm also has good proton conductivity.
- the fuel cell manufactured using the diaphragm of the present invention has a low internal resistance of the cell and a fuel that is not greatly affected by the generated power even if the atmospheric humidity in the usage environment changes. This is a practically extremely useful fuel cell that can stably maintain a low crossover of liquid fuel such as alcohol.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the basic structure of a cell of a direct liquid fuel cell.
- Fig. 2 shows the cation exchange membrane of the present invention used as a fuel cell membrane in Example 1 (solid line 0) and the cation exchange membrane used as a fuel cell membrane in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (Comparative Example) 1 is a graph showing the relationship between relative humidity and moisture content, measured using a dotted line port comparative example 2; -dotted line X).
- the diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel cell of the present invention is composed of a cation exchange membrane.
- This diaphragm has a specific range of moisture content in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 ° C), a relative humidity of 80% RH (25 ° C), and a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C). It becomes an equilibrium state.
- Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the relative humidity of the typical diaphragm of the present invention and the moisture content of the diaphragm in equilibrium with it.
- the membrane of the present invention has a water content of 1 to 5 at a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 ° C). It is in the range of%. Therefore, in a direct liquid fuel cell employing this diaphragm, when the atmosphere taken into the oxidant chamber is dry, the relative humidity is around 20% RH). In the vicinity of the surface, the moisture content is the above value (1 to 5%). As described above, since the permeability of the liquid fuel in the diaphragm having a low water content is extremely small, the diaphragm in which such a portion having a low water content is formed exhibits excellent liquid fuel non-permeability.
- the diaphragm of the present invention maintains its moisture content at a low value of 5 to 15% in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 80% RH (25 ° C). Therefore, even when the relative humidity of the air taken into the oxidizer chamber falls within the above range, the liquid fuel impermeability to the diaphragm remains slightly worse, and the excellent liquid fuel impermeability is still maintained. .
- the conventional cation exchange membrane having a crosslinked structure is dried at a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 ° C.).
- the moisture content is as low as the value specified in the present invention.
- the relative humidity of the atmosphere increases to 80% RH (25 ° C)
- the moisture content increases rapidly and exceeds 20%. This value greatly exceeds the moisture content range specified in the present invention. Under these circumstances, the liquid fuel impermeability of the diaphragm is significantly worsened.
- the diaphragm of the present invention has a moisture content of 20 to 40% in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C). Therefore, when this diaphragm is incorporated into a fuel cell, the water content is as large as the above value in the vicinity of the fuel chamber side diaphragm surface in contact with the liquid fuel. Proton conductivity in the diaphragm with high water content is high. Therefore, the diaphragm of the present invention has good proton conductivity when considered as a whole. That is, it is a diaphragm with low electrical resistance.
- the diaphragm of the present invention has a moisture content of 1 to 4% in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 ° C) and a relative humidity of 80% RH ( More preferably, the water content at 25 ° C. is 7 to 13% and the water content at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C.) is 21 to 35%.
- the diaphragm (cation exchange membrane) having the above properties is preferably a membrane obtained by forming a hydrocarbon cation exchange resin as the cation exchange resin.
- the hydrocarbon-based cation exchange resin means a resin having a structure mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen except for the ion exchange group. There may be a small amount of other atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, oxygen, nitrogen, silicon, sulfur, boron, and phosphorus in parts other than the ion exchange group. It is preferably 40 mol% or less, particularly 10 mol% or less with respect to the total number of atoms constituting the layer.
- the hydrocarbon-based cation exchange membrane is a crosslinked polymer having a certain degree of covalent crosslinking, that is, a resin having a certain degree of covalent crosslinking point such as carbon-carbon bond or carbon-oxygen bond.
- a non-crosslinked polymer or a polymer having only ion-bonded crosslinks generally dissolves in the case of extreme swelling swelling with methanol or water. Therefore, it is preferable to be crosslinked by a covalent bond at least to the extent that these problems can be avoided.
- covalent cross-linking can be one of the important requirements for imparting the moisture content requirement specified by the present invention to the cation exchange resin.
- the density of crosslinks due to covalent bonds increases, the moisture content of the diaphragm in a low humidity atmosphere tends to decrease, and the permeability of liquid fuel decreases.
- the lower the bridge density the higher the humidity region. The moisture content tends to be high, and it is possible to reduce the resistance.
- Examples of the cation exchange group bonded to the cation exchange membrane constituting the membrane of the present invention having the above properties include a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, and a phosphonic acid group.
- sulfonic acid groups which are strongly acidic groups, are preferred from the viewpoint of reducing the electrical resistance of the obtained diaphragm.
- the cation exchange capacity of the diaphragm is determined according to a conventional method from the viewpoint of ensuring sufficient proton conductivity, and from the viewpoint of preventing an increase in the moisture content of the diaphragm in a low relative humidity atmosphere when the force thione exchange capacity is too high. In measurement, 0.:! To 3. Ommol / g is preferred. 0.4 to: 1.5 mmol / g is more preferred.
- Electrical resistance is usually, 40 ° C, 'preferably is cm 2 or less tool 0. 20 ⁇ ' 0. 25 ⁇ expressed in electrical resistance by the AC impedance method in wet condition cm 2 or less being more preferred.
- the thickness of the diaphragm is not particularly limited, but usually 10 to 120 / im is preferable, and 10 to 70 ⁇ 70 ⁇ is more preferable.
- the cation exchange membrane constituting the membrane of the present invention having the characteristics relating to the characteristic water content may be produced by any known method.
- the structure of the diaphragm is not particularly limited.
- a cation exchange resin formed into a film may be used.
- As a particularly preferred diaphragm structure there is a diaphragm in which a porous membrane is used as a base material and a cation exchange resin is dispersed and filled in the voids of the porous membrane.
- the fuel cell membrane based on the porous membrane can increase the mechanical strength of the fuel cell membrane without increasing the electric resistance because the porous membrane functions as a reinforcing material.
- the structure of the diaphragm using the porous film as a base material is a diaphragm structure that can be suitably employed in the present invention.
- a conventional method for manufacturing a diaphragm can be applied without limitation.
- special differences of the present invention that have not been conventionally performed may be taken into consideration.
- This production method is a production method of the crosslinked hydrocarbon cation exchange membrane.
- a polymerizable monomer having a functional group suitable for introduction of a cation exchange group in a later step a polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group, a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, and an effective amount of polymerization.
- a polymerizable composition containing an initiator is prepared.
- the polymerizable composition and the porous film are brought into contact with each other, and the polymerizable composition is filled in the voids of the porous film, and then the polymerizable composition is polymerized.
- a polymerizable monomer having a functional group suitable for introduction of a cation exchange group or a polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group in 100 mol of the polymerizable composition a polymerizable monomer having a functional group suitable for introduction of a cation exchange group or a polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group in 100 mol of the polymerizable composition.
- about 5 to 20 moles of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer are used.
- the moisture content of the obtained diaphragm at a relative humidity of 80% RH (25 ° C) is much higher than the moisture content specified in the present invention as described above.
- the moisture content of the diaphragm at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C) Significantly smaller than specified moisture content. Therefore, when the conventional blending amount is used, the diaphragm of the present invention cannot be produced.
- the amount of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer used is reduced as opposed to the conventional method.
- a polymerizable monomer having a functional group suitable for introducing a cation exchange group or a polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group is 0.:! To 1 mol per 100 mol of the monomer.
- a specific amount of a polymerizable monomer that does not have a cation exchange group and is difficult to introduce the cation exchange group (generally a functional group suitable for introduction of a cation exchange group).
- the polymerizable monomer having a group or the polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group is used in an amount of 600 to 900 mol).
- the resulting cation exchange membrane has a special property relating to the moisture content, such as by setting the thione exchange capacity to a relatively small specific amount (0.:! To 0.3 mmol / g). Cation exchange membranes can be produced.
- a typical example of the diaphragm produced by the above method is that the polymerizable monomer unit 100 monole having a cation exchange group, the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer unit 0.1 to 1 monole, and the cation exchange group.
- the cation exchange membrane of the present invention produced by the first method for producing a diaphragm has a small amount of cation exchange groups introduced, the amount of bound water contained accompanying the cation exchange groups is small. Significantly less. As a result, the moisture content of the membrane is kept low even in a dry environment with a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 ° C).
- the cation exchange membrane has a low degree of cross-linking, when it is wet at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C), it absorbs a large amount of free water and swells, resulting in a high water content.
- free water means water that is volatilized out of the diaphragm because the interaction between water and the cation exchange group is weak.
- Bound water means water that has a very strong interaction with the cation exchange group and is therefore difficult to evaporate outside the diaphragm.
- the cation exchange membrane of the present invention is influenced by the effects of the constitution in which the introduction amount of the cation exchange group and the use amount of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer are combined in a specific range. It becomes a diaphragm which shows the water content characteristic of the invention.
- Specific examples of the polymerizable monomer that does not have a cation exchange group and is difficult to introduce the cation exchange group used in the method for producing the present diaphragm include vinylcyclopentane and butylcyclohexane.
- Examples include burcycloalkanes such as hexane, otatachlorostyrene, hexafluoropropylene, butyltrimethylsilane, and butyltrichlorosilane.
- polymerizable monomer having a functional group suitable for introduction of a cation exchange group examples include hydrocarbon-based monomers.
- hydrocarbon-based monomers Choose from well-known monomers used in the production method of cross-linked cation exchange membranes. Specifically, it may be selected from monomers described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-135328, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-005171, and the like. The same applies to the polymerization initiator to be used, the porous substrate, the fine strength other than those described above, and the production conditions.
- This production method can produce a diaphragm having a sufficient amount of cation exchange groups introduced therein, a high cation exchange capacity, and excellent chemical stability and durability.
- a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group suitable for introduction of a cation exchange group, and an anion containing a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom with respect to 100 mol of the polymerizable monomer A polymerizable composition comprising a polymerizable monomer component comprising 10 to 99 mol of a polymerizable monomer having an exchange group and 5 to 22 mol of a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, and a polymerization initiator is prepared. .
- the polymerizable composition is brought into contact with a porous film having an average pore size of 0.02 to 0.5 / im and a porosity of 30 to 70%, and the polymerizable composition is contacted with the porous film. Impregnated into the voids.
- the impregnated polymerizable composition is polymerized and cured to obtain a cured resin.
- the cation exchange group in the reaction for introducing a cation exchange group into the aromatic hydrocarbon group, the cation exchange group can be introduced into the aromatic hydrocarbon group almost quantitatively.
- the force thione exchange resin constituting the cation exchange membrane produced by this method has a cation exchange group exhibiting force thione exchange ability in an aqueous solution and primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms exhibiting anion exchange ability. Both anion-exchange groups. Since the cation exchange resin has more cation exchange groups than the anion exchange groups, the cation exchange resin generally behaves as a cation exchange resin.
- thione exchange resin part of the cation exchange group and part of the anion exchange group having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms are ionically bonded to form an ion complex.
- an ion complex is usually formed with an anion exchange group having a quaternary nitrogen atom of 4 to 80 mol% of the cation exchange group.
- This diaphragm made of a cation exchange membrane in which the pores of the porous membrane are filled with the cation exchange resin includes those in which the amount of cation exchange groups forms an ion complex.
- cation exchange capacity is 0.4 to: 1.5 mmol / g.
- a typical diaphragm produced in this manner has 100 mol of a polymerizable monomer unit having an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a cation exchange group and an anion exchange containing a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom.
- the pores of the porous membrane are filled with a cation exchange resin obtained by random copolymerization of 10 to 99 mol of a polymerizable monomer unit having a substituent and 5 to 22 mol of a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer unit.
- the cation exchange group amount is 0.9 to 4.5 mol Zg_dry mass, including the one forming an ion complex, and the cation exchange capacity is 0.4 to 1.5 mmol Zg.
- the ion complex formation amount of the cation exchange membrane can be measured by the following method.
- elemental analysis of the cation exchange membrane is performed, and the amount of an element derived only from the cation exchange group (for example, cation exchange membrane force S in the case of S sulfonic acid group) is measured. Thereafter, the total amount of cation exchange groups in the membrane (including the amount forming the ion complex) is calculated from the amount of the element obtained by measurement.
- the cationic exchange capacity of the same cation exchange membrane is measured by a conventional method.
- the cation exchange group that forms an ion complex does not function as a cation exchange group. Therefore, by determining the difference between the calculated total amount of the cation exchange groups present in the membrane and the actually measured cation exchange capacity force, the calculated amount of cation exchange groups, the ion complex formation of the cation exchange groups The quantity can be determined.
- the base material portion of the cation exchange resin constituting the membrane contains all the constituent elements of the cation exchange group to be measured. There is.
- the base material of the cation exchange resin is determined from the composition ratio of the polymerizable monomer polymerized during the membrane production. Find the amount of content contained in the part. Thereafter, the amount of the element obtained from the elemental analysis is obtained by subtracting the amount of the base material portion of the cation exchange resin to obtain the total amount of the cation exchange group to be measured.
- the membrane having the cation exchange membrane strength obtained by the above method satisfies the above-described behavior of the moisture content specified in the present invention.
- the resulting cation exchange membrane is formed from 20 to 80 mole 0/0 forces the Anion exchange substituent and ion complex cation exchange groups.
- the abundance of the cation exchange group based on the cation exchange membrane is 0 ⁇ 8 to 2 ⁇ 0 monolayer / g—dry mass including that forming the ion complex, and the cation exchange capacity is 0.5 to: 1. It is in the range of Ommol / g.
- This cation exchange membrane has a moisture content of 1 to 4% at a relative humidity of 20% RH (25 ° C), and a moisture content of 7 to 13% at a relative humidity of 80% RH (25 ° C). And a water content at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C.) is 21 to 35%, which is particularly preferable in the present invention.
- the diaphragm obtained by the second production method has a cation exchange group, a smaller amount of anion exchange group, and a powerful ion complex.
- the reason why the characteristic constitution relating to the moisture content defined in the present invention is achieved by having this ion complex is considered as follows.
- the cation exchange group and the anion exchange group form an ion complex, whereby the proportion of free water in the water present in the diaphragm increases and the proportion of bound water decreases. Presumed to be related to the composition of the moisture content of the diaphragm.
- the content of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable composition is relatively small.
- the degree of cross-linking due to covalent bonding is reduced, and a large amount of ionic cross-linking occurs due to the formation of the above-described ion complex.
- Ion bridges are looser than covalent bridges. Therefore, a diaphragm with a large amount of ion bridges swells under free humidity (similar to contact with hydrous liquid fuel) under a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C). Can be fully captured. As a result, the high water content value of the diaphragm specified in the present invention is achieved.
- Each polymerizable monomer used in the above production method is preferably a radical polymerizable monomer in which the polymerization group is an ethylenically unsaturated group.
- the resulting cation exchange resin has a side chain having a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group on the main chain of hydrocarbon formed by polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated group. It becomes a combined structure.
- Each ion exchange group bonded to the side chain is much easier to form an ion complex than when the main chain has an ion exchange group with a high degree of structural freedom. For the above reason, the diaphragm has a high ion complex formation rate.
- radical polymerizable monomers monomers having a bur group are preferred.
- a polymerizable monomer such as styrene having a bur group directly connected to an aromatic ring is preferable.
- polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group known compounds can be used without limitation, but undesirable chemistry such as hydrolysis during introduction of a cation exchange group or use as a fuel cell.
- Styrene derivatives are preferred because they are less likely to cause a reaction.
- Specific examples of styrene derivatives include styrene, methyl styrene, butyl xylene, bis-methyl styrene, urnaphthalene, chloromethyl styrene, bromobutyl styrene, and halo-halo styrenes.
- the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom a known compound having an anion exchange group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen can be used without particular limitation.
- a known compound having an anion exchange group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen can be used without particular limitation.
- Desirable for hydrolysis during introduction of cation exchange groups or use as fuel cells A styrene derivative or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic monomer to which a primary to tertiary amino group is bonded is preferable because it hardly causes a chemical reaction.
- Specific examples of the monomer include amine monomers such as vinylbenzenoresinmethinoleamine and vinylbenzyljetylamine, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic monomers such as vinylpyridin and urimidazole, and the like. Of these salts.
- the content of the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom in the polymerizable composition is 100 mol of the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group. It is 10 to 99 moles.
- the content of the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group is less than 10 mol, the amount of ion complex formation is insufficient, and a cation exchange membrane exhibiting the above specific behavior of water content cannot be obtained.
- the content exceeds 99 mol the cation exchange groups that do not form an ion complex are reduced among the introduced full-force thione exchange groups, and a sufficient cation exchange capacity cannot be obtained.
- the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom is often a liquid.
- a polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group such as a sulfonic acid group is usually a solid.
- a solvent for dissolving the monomer is required.
- the monomer is diluted with the solvent.
- the density of the cation exchange resin filled in the voids of the porous substrate becomes low, or the density of the cation exchange groups tends to be low, which is not preferable.
- the polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group is a liquid, it is mixed with a polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group such as a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom. In this case, an ion complex may be immediately formed and become a solid. In this case, a solvent is still necessary and the above problem occurs.
- crosslinkable polymerizable monomer any known crosslinker that is copolymerized with the above polymerizable monomers to form a crosslinkable polymer can be used.
- any known crosslinker that is copolymerized with the above polymerizable monomers to form a crosslinkable polymer
- dibutylbenzenes, divininores norephone, butadiene, black mouth prene, divinino lebifenole, divinino lenaphthalene, diarinoleamine, dibule pyridines and other dibule compounds and tribylbenzenes may be mentioned.
- the content of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer in the polymerizable composition is 1 to 22 mol per 100 mol of the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the content of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer is less than 1 mol, the resulting diaphragm is easily swollen by methanol or water.
- the content of the crosslinkable polymerizable monomer exceeds 22 mol, the moisture content of the obtained diaphragm at a relative humidity of 100% RH (25 ° C.) decreases, and deviates from the range specified in the present invention.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of polymerizing the polymerizable monomer, but an organic peroxide is preferable.
- organic peroxide include otatanyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t_butyl peroxide_2_ethylhexanoate, benzoyl peroxide, t_butyl peroxyisobutyrate, t_butyl Examples thereof include peroxylaurate, t-hexylperoxybenzoate, and di_t_butylperoxide.
- the blending amount of the polymerization initiator is generally from 0.5 to 20 parts by mass, and preferably from 0.5 to 10 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer components.
- the polymerizable composition comprises the above-mentioned polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom, a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer, and a polymerization initiator.
- a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group e.g., a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom
- a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer e.g., a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer
- a polymerization initiator e.g., ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) tertiary nitrogen atom, and a polymerization initiator.
- other components may be blended as necessary in order to adjust physical properties such as mechanical strength and polymerizability within the range in which the requirements regarding the water content specified in the present invention are maintained.
- examples of other components include polymerizable monomers such as acrylonit
- the polymerization composition is brought into contact with the porous film to allow the polymerizable composition to enter the voids of the porous film, and then the polymerization that has entered the voids.
- the sexual composition is polymerized and cured.
- the porous membrane has pores having an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 2 ⁇ m, preferably 0.02 to 0.5 ⁇ m, and at least part of the pores communicate with each other. Yes.
- the porosity of the porous membrane is 20 to 95%, preferably 30 to 70%.
- the average pore size of the porous membrane is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, the amount of the cation exchange resin filled in the pores of the porous membrane becomes insufficient, and the water content of the obtained membrane is reduced. As a result, the membrane has a high electrical resistance in the wet state.
- the average pore size of the porous membrane exceeds 0.5 ⁇ m, the methanol permeability increases.
- the average pore diameter of the porous membrane is a value measured by a half dry method in accordance with ASTM-F316-86.
- the porosity of the porous membrane was calculated by the following formula, measuring the volume (Vcm 3 ) and mass (Ug) of the porous membrane, and setting the density of the material of the porous membrane as X (gZcm 3 ). Value.
- the air permeability ilS P-81 17) is preferably 1500 seconds or less, and more preferably 1000 seconds or less. By setting the air permeability within this range, the electric resistance of the obtained fuel cell membrane is lowered, and the physical strength is maintained high.
- porous membrane As the porous membrane, as long as the above-mentioned requirements for the average pore and porosity are satisfied, a well-known and known one can be used.
- the air permeability CilS P-81 17) is preferably 1500 seconds or less, more preferably 1000 seconds or less.
- the thickness of the porous membrane is 10 to: 120 / im is preferred, and 10 to 70 ⁇ is more preferred.
- the surface smoothness of the porous membrane is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 / m or less, expressed as a roughness index. The porous membrane having surface smoothness imparts a high level and methanol impermeability to the resulting diaphragm.
- the form of the porous membrane includes forms such as a porous film, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, paper, and an inorganic membrane that are not particularly limited.
- Examples of the material of the porous membrane include a thermoplastic resin composition, a thermosetting resin composition, an inorganic substance, or a mixture thereof.
- the material of the porous membrane is preferably a thermoplastic resin composition from the viewpoint of easy production and high adhesion strength with the above-described cation exchange resin.
- the thermoplastic resin composition includes ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1_pentene, 1-hexene, 3-me Polyolefin resins such as homopolymers or copolymers of ⁇ -olefins such as chilly 1-butene, 4-methyl-1 pentene, 5 methyl-1 heptene, etc .; Salt-bulu resins such as vinylidene copolymer and chlor-olefin copolymer; polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene monohexafluoropropylene copolymer Fluoropolymers such as copolymers, tetrafluoroethylene monophenol fluoroenorequinolevininoreethenore copoly
- a polyolefin resin is preferable as a material for the porous membrane, particularly in terms of excellent mechanical strength, chemical stability, and chemical resistance, and high affinity with hydrocarbon ion exchange resins.
- the polyolefin resin is most preferably a polyethylene resin, more preferably a polyethylene or polypropylene resin.
- the porous film is more preferably a polyethylene resin porous film, which is preferably a polyolefin resin porous film, from the viewpoint of easy availability of the porous film having the above average pore diameter.
- the porous film can be produced, for example, by the methods described in JP-A-9-216964, JP-A-2002-33721, and the like.
- commercially available products for example, Asahi Kasei “Hipore”, Ube Industries “Yupor”, Tonen Tapils “Setera”, Nitto Denko “Exepor”, Mitsui Chemicals “Hilet”, etc.
- the method for contacting the polymerizable composition with the porous membrane is not particularly limited as long as the polymerizable composition can enter the voids of the porous membrane.
- Examples of the contact method include a method of applying or spraying the polymerizable composition to the porous film, a method of immersing the porous film in the polymerizable composition, and the like.
- the dipping time varies depending on the type of the porous membrane and the composition of the polymer composition, and is generally 0.1 second to a few dozen minutes.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and a known method may be appropriately employed depending on the polymerizable monomer and the polymerization initiator used.
- the polymerization method is generally a heating method (thermal polymerization). This method is preferable to other methods because it is easy to operate and can be polymerized relatively uniformly.
- the inhibition of polymerization by oxygen is prevented, and the surface of the resulting diaphragm is flattened.
- the polymerization temperature in the case of polymerizing by thermal polymerization is not particularly limited, and known conditions may be appropriately selected. In general, the polymerization temperature is about 50 to 150 ° C, and preferably 60 to 120 ° C. The polymerization time is about 10 minutes to 10 hours.
- the film-like product obtained by polymerization is an anion exchange membrane obtained by filling a void in a porous membrane with a bridge type resin having an anion exchange group having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms.
- the anion exchange group is derived from a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom as a raw material.
- the anion exchange membrane has more aromatic hydrocarbon groups than the anion exchange groups.
- This aromatic hydrocarbon group is subjected to a cation exchange group introduction treatment such as sulfonation by a conventional method.
- the cation exchange group is introduced almost quantitatively as described above.
- the membrane of the present invention is obtained in which a porous membrane is filled with a crosslinked cation exchange resin having more cation exchange groups (for example, sulfonic acid groups) than the anion exchange groups.
- the cross-linked cation exchange resin constituting this diaphragm is composed of an anion exchange group derived from a polymerizable monomer having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms and the introduced cation exchange group in the resin. Forming an ion complex. The amount of ion complex formation is equivalent to the amount of ion complex formation already described.
- a sulfonated agent such as concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, chlorosulfonic acid or the like may be used to sulfonate the produced membrane. Les.
- Examples of the method for introducing a phosphonic acid group as a cation exchange group include the following methods. First, the film-like product is produced using a polymerizable monomer having a halogenated alkyl group such as chloromethylstyrene or bromobutylstyrene as a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group. Next, this film-like material is reacted with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, followed by hydrolysis in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- a polymerizable monomer having a halogenated alkyl group such as chloromethylstyrene or bromobutylstyrene
- this film-like material is reacted with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride, followed by hydrolysis in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group is halogenated by contacting a film-like material with a halogen gas in the presence of a catalyst such as iron halide, and further.
- a catalyst such as iron halide
- a third method for producing a diaphragm includes a cation exchange base membrane obtained by filling a void in a porous membrane with a crosslinked cation exchange resin, and an anion exchange group having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms. In the diaphragm by contacting the polymerizable monomer with the crosslinked cation exchange resin, and then polymerizing the impregnated polymerizable monomer. This is a method for producing the present diaphragm having an ion complex formed thereon.
- the amount of the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms impregnated in the cation exchange membrane is 45 to 99 mol% of the cation exchange group of the cation exchange membrane, 55 to 90 Monore 0/0 force preferably from S Rere.
- a typical example of the diaphragm is a random copolymerization of 100 mol of a polymerizable monomer unit having an aromatic hydrocarbon group having a cation exchange group and 5 to 22 mol of a crosslinkable polymerizable monomer unit.
- cation exchange membranes in which the pores of the porous membrane are filled with an anion exchange resin comprising a polymerizable monomer unit having a cation exchange group amount including an ionic complex 0 9 ⁇ 4.5 mol Zg—Dry mass, Cation exchange capacity is 0.4 ⁇ : 1.5 mmol / g diaphragm.
- Porous membrane, polymerizable monomer, polymerization initiator used in third method for producing diaphragm Etc. are the same as those described in the method for manufacturing the second diaphragm, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the diaphragm for a fuel cell of the present invention is suitably used as a diaphragm for a direct liquid fuel cell of the type that takes in air and supplies it to the oxidant chamber without substantially adjusting the humidity.
- This type of fuel cell is useful as a power source for portable devices such as mobile phones that require portability.
- the basic structure of a direct liquid fuel cell is generally as shown in FIG. 1, but it can of course be applied to a direct liquid fuel cell having another known structure. Since the structure of the fuel cell in Fig. 1 has already been described, its description is omitted.
- a fuel cell incorporating this diaphragm takes in the atmosphere around the fuel cell and supplies it to the oxidant chamber without substantially adjusting the humidity.
- the air can be taken in by natural diffusion or forcedly supplied to the oxidizer chamber using a pump or the like.
- the oxidant gas flow hole formed in the oxidant chamber of the fuel cell communicates with the outside.
- the outside air is supplied to the oxidant chamber by diffusion through the oxidant gas circulation hole opened to the outside.
- substantially not adjusting the humidity means that a slight change in humidity is allowed during the supply of air to the oxidant chamber or the like. For example, when air is blown into the oxidant chamber using a fan or the like, normally, a significant change in humidity that affects the power generation performance of the battery during the air blowing process is not recognized. Even if there is a slight change in humidity (preferably about ⁇ 5%, more preferably about ⁇ 1%) at this time, it is included in the category of the aspect intended by the present invention.
- methanol is the most common, and the effect of the present invention is most remarkable. The same excellent effect is exhibited even if it is applied to fuels such as ethanol, ethylene glycol, dimethyl ether, and hydrazine. These fuels are usually mixed with water. Are combined.
- the diaphragm was immersed in lmol / L-HC1 aqueous solution for 10 hours or more to obtain a hydrogen ion type. Thereafter, the diaphragm was immersed in an lmol / L-NaCl aqueous solution to replace the sodium ion type.
- the liberated hydrogen ions were quantified with a potentiometric titrator (COMTITE 900, manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) using an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (Amol).
- the membrane is set at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 80% RH.
- the mass was measured (Dg).
- Ion exchange capacity A X 1000ZD [mmol / g dry mass]
- Moisture content at 80% RH relative humidity 100 X (W -D) / D [%]
- the diaphragm was immersed in 1 mol / L-HC1 aqueous solution for 10 hours or more.
- the membrane was taken out, washed thoroughly with ion-exchanged water, and dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C for 5 hours.
- the obtained diaphragm was subjected to elemental analysis.
- the cation exchange group content was calculated from the S content, and the anion exchange group content was calculated from the N content.
- the ion complexation rate was determined by the following equation.
- a diaphragm was incorporated between the battery partition walls la and lb of the fuel cell shown in FIG. 1 (diaphragm area lcm 2 ).
- a methanol aqueous solution having a concentration of 30% by mass was supplied to the fuel chamber of the fuel cell by a liquid chromatograph pump.
- Conditioned air was supplied to the oxidizer chamber at a flow rate of 300 mlZmin.
- Methanol permeability was measured in a thermostatic chamber at 25 ° C.
- the concentration of methanol in the air was measured by introducing the air flowing out of the cell from the outlet side of the oxidizer chamber into the gas sampler and introducing a certain amount directly into the gas chromatograph (GC14B, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- the amount of methanol that permeated the diaphragm was calculated. Note that the menu To measure the amount of permeated methanol, methanol permeability in each state was measured while supplying humidity-controlled air with relative humidity of 20% and 80% at 25 ° C to the oxidizer chamber.
- the above gas diffusion electrodes were set on both surfaces of the fuel cell diaphragm to be measured, and hot-pressed at 100 ° C. under a pressure of 5 MPa for 100 seconds, and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes.
- Fuel cell temperature is set to 25 ° C, 30% by mass aqueous methanol solution is supplied to the fuel chamber side, and atmospheric pressure air with a relative humidity of 80% RH is supplied to the oxidizer chamber side at 200 ml / min.
- a power generation test was conducted.
- the cell terminal voltage was measured at a current density of OA / c 0.1 A / cm 2 .
- composition table shown in Table 1 various monomers were mixed to obtain a polymerizable composition.
- 400 g of this polymerizable composition is placed in a 500 ml glass container, and a porous membrane (made of polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 250,000, a film thickness of 25 / im, an average pore size of 0.03 ⁇ , a porosity of 37%) is added thereto. Soaked.
- the porous membrane was taken out of the monomer composition, coated on both sides of the porous membrane using a 100 zm polyester film as a release material, and then at 80 ° C under a nitrogen pressure of 0.3 MPa. Polymerization was carried out by heating for 5 hours.
- the obtained film-like material is immersed in a 1: 1 mass ratio mixture of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid having a purity of 90% or more at 40 ° C for 60 minutes to sulfonate the benzene ring.
- a diaphragm for a fuel cell was obtained.
- Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was carried out except that the monomer composition shown in Table 1 and the porous membrane were used to obtain a fuel cell membrane.
- the cation exchange membrane prepared in Comparative Example 1 was soaked at 25 ° C. for 30 minutes in a composition consisting of 5 moles of 4-butylpyridine, 74 moles of styrene, 1 mole of dibutylbenzene, and 20 moles of pyridine.
- the cation exchange membrane was taken out and coated on both sides of a force thione exchange membrane using a 100 ⁇ m polyester film as a release material, and then heated to 80 ° C. and polymerized at 0.3 MPa for 5 hours.
- the obtained film was immersed in a water / methanol mixed solution of sodium hydroxide having a concentration of 0.5 mol / L (water: 50 mass%) for 12 hours.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/224,987 US20090053578A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | Separation Membrane for Direct Liquid Fuel Cell |
| EP07738449A EP1995807A4 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | Disconnect membrane for a direct-fluid fuel cell |
| JP2008510768A JP4719796B2 (ja) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006-069826 | 2006-03-14 | ||
| JP2006069826 | 2006-03-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007119344A1 true WO2007119344A1 (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
Family
ID=38609144
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2007/054977 Ceased WO2007119344A1 (ja) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090053578A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1995807A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4719796B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20080100453A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007119344A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009193957A (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-08-27 | Tokuyama Corp | 燃料電池用隔膜およびその製造方法 |
| WO2014013879A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 陰イオン交換膜型燃料電池用の触媒層及び膜-電極接合体並びにこれらを用いる陰イオン交換膜型燃料電池及びその運転方法 |
| JP2016506604A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-03 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトAudi Ag | 電解質膜、分散体、および分散方法 |
| JP2016076357A (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2016-05-12 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 電池用電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
| CN113401988A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | 一种分离装置及其水处理设备 |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20110250525A1 (en) * | 2007-08-23 | 2011-10-13 | Tokuyama Corporation | Separation membrane for direct liquid fuel cell and method for producing the same |
| EP2684239B1 (en) | 2011-03-11 | 2025-01-01 | Audi AG | Unitized electrode assembly with high equivalent weight ionomer |
| GB201200660D0 (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-02-29 | Afc Energy Plc | Fuel cell stacks |
| WO2016102069A2 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2016-06-30 | Cambridge Display Technology, Ltd. | Organic flow cell batteries and materials for use in same |
Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09216964A (ja) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質フィルムおよびそれを用いた電池用セパレータ並びに電池 |
| JPH11310649A (ja) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Tokuyama Corp | 陽イオン交換膜およびその用途 |
| JP2001114834A (ja) * | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-24 | Uni-Chemical Co Ltd | リン酸基含有重合体及びそれを含有する高分子固体電解質 |
| JP2001135328A (ja) | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-18 | Tokuyama Corp | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用隔膜 |
| JP2002338721A (ja) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-27 | Asahi Kasei Corp | ポリオレフィン樹脂多孔質フィルム |
| JP2003261697A (ja) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-19 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | 優れた耐酸化性と広範囲なイオン交換容量を有するフッ素系高分子イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004158270A (ja) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-03 | Nitto Denko Corp | 燃料電池用電解質膜 |
| JP2004171994A (ja) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-17 | Ube Ind Ltd | 多孔質膜を基材としたハイブリッド材料の製造方法 |
| JP2004206885A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Tdk Corp | 燃料電池 |
| JP2005005171A (ja) | 2003-06-13 | 2005-01-06 | Tokuyama Corp | 燃料電池用隔膜 |
| JP2005078870A (ja) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-24 | Sony Corp | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
| JP2005194304A (ja) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Uni-Chemical Co Ltd | リン酸基含有炭化水素系オリゴマー材料及び/又はリン酸基含有炭化水素系高分子材料、並びに酸性基含有フラーレン誘導体を含む複合型固体電解質膜及び用途 |
| JP2006004784A (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 燃料電池装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3425405B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-30 | 2003-07-14 | 株式会社東芝 | イオン導電性膜、その製造方法及びそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| US20020127474A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2002-09-12 | E.C.R.-Electro-Chemical Research Ltd. | Proton-selective conducting membranes |
| JP2004131533A (ja) * | 2002-10-08 | 2004-04-30 | Toyobo Co Ltd | スルホン酸基および/またはホスホン酸基を有するポリベンズイミダゾール系化合物、およびそれを含む樹脂組成物、およびその製造方法 |
| US7868051B2 (en) * | 2004-09-10 | 2011-01-11 | Tokuyama Corporation | Separation membrane for fuel battery and process for producing the same |
| US7829236B2 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2010-11-09 | Daimler Ag | Hydration sensor apparatus for measuring membrane hydration in a fuel cell stack |
-
2007
- 2007-03-13 JP JP2008510768A patent/JP4719796B2/ja active Active
- 2007-03-13 US US12/224,987 patent/US20090053578A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-13 KR KR1020087022245A patent/KR20080100453A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-13 WO PCT/JP2007/054977 patent/WO2007119344A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2007-03-13 EP EP07738449A patent/EP1995807A4/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09216964A (ja) | 1996-02-09 | 1997-08-19 | Nitto Denko Corp | 多孔質フィルムおよびそれを用いた電池用セパレータ並びに電池 |
| JPH11310649A (ja) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-11-09 | Tokuyama Corp | 陽イオン交換膜およびその用途 |
| JP2001114834A (ja) * | 1999-04-27 | 2001-04-24 | Uni-Chemical Co Ltd | リン酸基含有重合体及びそれを含有する高分子固体電解質 |
| JP2001135328A (ja) | 1999-11-01 | 2001-05-18 | Tokuyama Corp | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池用隔膜 |
| JP2002338721A (ja) | 2001-05-16 | 2002-11-27 | Asahi Kasei Corp | ポリオレフィン樹脂多孔質フィルム |
| JP2003261697A (ja) * | 2002-03-08 | 2003-09-19 | Japan Atom Energy Res Inst | 優れた耐酸化性と広範囲なイオン交換容量を有するフッ素系高分子イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 |
| JP2004158270A (ja) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-03 | Nitto Denko Corp | 燃料電池用電解質膜 |
| JP2004171994A (ja) * | 2002-11-21 | 2004-06-17 | Ube Ind Ltd | 多孔質膜を基材としたハイブリッド材料の製造方法 |
| JP2004206885A (ja) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-22 | Tdk Corp | 燃料電池 |
| JP2005005171A (ja) | 2003-06-13 | 2005-01-06 | Tokuyama Corp | 燃料電池用隔膜 |
| JP2005078870A (ja) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-24 | Sony Corp | 燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
| JP2005194304A (ja) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-21 | Uni-Chemical Co Ltd | リン酸基含有炭化水素系オリゴマー材料及び/又はリン酸基含有炭化水素系高分子材料、並びに酸性基含有フラーレン誘導体を含む複合型固体電解質膜及び用途 |
| JP2006004784A (ja) * | 2004-06-18 | 2006-01-05 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 燃料電池装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP1995807A4 |
| THE SOCIETY OF CHEMICALENGINEERS, vol. 31, no. 1, 2005, pages 62 - 67 |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009193957A (ja) * | 2008-01-15 | 2009-08-27 | Tokuyama Corp | 燃料電池用隔膜およびその製造方法 |
| WO2014013879A1 (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 陰イオン交換膜型燃料電池用の触媒層及び膜-電極接合体並びにこれらを用いる陰イオン交換膜型燃料電池及びその運転方法 |
| JP2014022249A (ja) * | 2012-07-20 | 2014-02-03 | Tokuyama Corp | イオン伝導性付与剤並びにカソード触媒層並びに該触媒層を用いて形成する膜−電極接合体並びに陰イオン交換膜型燃料電池及びその運転方法 |
| JP2016506604A (ja) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-03 | アウディ アクチェンゲゼルシャフトAudi Ag | 電解質膜、分散体、および分散方法 |
| JP2016076357A (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2016-05-12 | 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド | 電池用電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
| CN113401988A (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2021-09-17 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | 一种分离装置及其水处理设备 |
| CN113401988B (zh) * | 2020-03-16 | 2024-03-15 | 广东栗子科技有限公司 | 一种分离装置及其水处理设备 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20080100453A (ko) | 2008-11-18 |
| JP4719796B2 (ja) | 2011-07-06 |
| US20090053578A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
| JPWO2007119344A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
| EP1995807A1 (en) | 2008-11-26 |
| EP1995807A4 (en) | 2010-07-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Kim | Polymer electrolytes with high ionic concentration for fuel cells and electrolyzers | |
| Scott et al. | Performance of the direct methanol fuel cell with radiation-grafted polymer membranes | |
| WO2007119344A1 (ja) | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜 | |
| JP5055116B2 (ja) | イオン交換膜を含む固体アルカリ型燃料電池 | |
| JP5133896B2 (ja) | 固体高分子型燃料電池用隔膜、及び膜−電極接合体 | |
| US20110244367A1 (en) | Separation membrane for fuel cell, and method for production thereof | |
| JP4989226B2 (ja) | 燃料電池用隔膜、及びその製造方法 | |
| WO2007004716A1 (ja) | 燃料電池用隔膜 | |
| JP2004217921A (ja) | イオン交換膜及びその製造方法 | |
| CN1986613B (zh) | 聚合物电解液膜和利用该聚合物电解液膜的燃料电池 | |
| KR20070100693A (ko) | 접착 촉진층을 갖는 막 및 막 전극 어셈블리 | |
| Guimet et al. | Strengthening of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer with sulfonated hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte for application in medium-temperature fuel cell | |
| KR100759143B1 (ko) | 고분자 매트릭스 중에 분산된 양성자 전도성 실리카입자를 기재로 하는 이온 교환 복합재 | |
| US20090136787A1 (en) | Fluorination of a porous hydrocarbon-based polymer for use as composite membrane | |
| EP2017913B1 (en) | Direct-liquid fuel cell and process for producing membrane for use in a direct-liquid fuel cell | |
| WO2007099954A1 (ja) | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜、及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2007042617A (ja) | 燃料電池用隔膜 | |
| JP5048209B2 (ja) | 固体高分子電解質膜とこの製造方法およびこれを用いた燃料電池 | |
| Guimet et al. | Effect of a neutral fluorinated network on the properties of a perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer as proton exchange membrane | |
| JP4950539B2 (ja) | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜 | |
| JP5159135B2 (ja) | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜及びその製造方法 | |
| JP2007048655A (ja) | 架橋性電解質膜の製造方法 | |
| JP5048321B2 (ja) | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜及びその製造方法 | |
| JP4849892B2 (ja) | 直接液体型燃料電池用隔膜の製造方法 | |
| JP2007115535A (ja) | 電解質膜およびその製造方法 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 07738449 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2008510768 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2007738449 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 12224987 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 1020087022245 Country of ref document: KR |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) |