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WO2007037711A1 - Procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses - Google Patents

Procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007037711A1
WO2007037711A1 PCT/PL2005/000064 PL2005000064W WO2007037711A1 WO 2007037711 A1 WO2007037711 A1 WO 2007037711A1 PL 2005000064 W PL2005000064 W PL 2005000064W WO 2007037711 A1 WO2007037711 A1 WO 2007037711A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
degumming
stems
fiber
stem
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/PL2005/000064
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English (en)
Inventor
Ryszard Kozlowski
Wanda Konczewicz
Anwar M. Allam
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inst Wlokiennictwa
Original Assignee
Inst Wlokiennictwa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inst Wlokiennictwa filed Critical Inst Wlokiennictwa
Priority to PCT/PL2005/000064 priority Critical patent/WO2007037711A1/fr
Publication of WO2007037711A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007037711A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of fibrous plant degumming, especially to flax and hemp using physico-chemical processes, especially osmosis, occurring inside the plant stem in contact with water.
  • a traditionally used method for degumming is dew retting of fibrous plants in the field.
  • the principle of the process is micro organisms, mainly fungi, which penetrate the swathed stems and decompose pectin, commonly referred to as plant glue, with enzymes and thus conduct the process.
  • Such process is difficult to control and, depending on the atmospheric conditions (air temperature, humidity, rain), the fiber of different quality is obtained.
  • Another method of fibrous plant degumming is water retting in special tanks or ponds. In this case the biochemical phenomena occurring as result of bacteria action (fermentation) cause the separation of the woody part of stem from the fiber. This process can be conducted in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
  • the stimulators of degumming were used such as nitrogen (urea) media or leavens: retting liquor recycling, "double retting” and inoculation with retted matted straw. All these solutions aimed at faster and simultaneous degumming of fiber from the woody part of stem and decomposition of pectin in the fiber itself which resulted in shortening of degumming time and improvement of fiber quality, mainly by increasing fiber divisibility and thinning the fiber strand.
  • the method causes less pollution with retted fibers of reproducible quality giving thinner fibers with a higher average degree of polymerization of the cellulose.
  • the SPS- ase activity in the aq. medium is 90-250 U/l.
  • the pH is adjusted to preferably 4.5-5.5, and the temperature to 15-45 deg.
  • the decorticated plant bast fiber is desirably washed with a washing solution containing a surface active agent to penetrate the plant bast fiber and remove water soluble material and other debris therefrom.
  • the washed plant bast fiber is then rinsed.
  • the washed and rinsed plant bast fiber is treated with an aqueous acidic treatment solution of fungal pectinase for a period of time of between 10 and 30 minutes to remove the pectin from the plant fiber.
  • the acidic treatment solution is maintained at an elevated temperature in the range of between 60 DEG C.
  • the plant bast fiber with the pectin removed therefrom is removed from the acidic treatment solution and a sufficient amount of NaOH is added thereto to increase the pH of the treatment solution to about 11.0.
  • the plant bast fiber with the pectin removed therefrom is then further treated in the basic solution for a period of time between about 15 to 60 minutes to remove the coloring gum adhering to the plant bast fiber.
  • the plant bast fiber with both the pectin and the coloring gum removed therefrom is then rinsed to remove the treating solution therefrom.
  • the obtained fibers are also claimed.
  • the method is used for retting plants such as hemp, flax, ramie, jute and kenaf and produce fibers for spinning or cord production.
  • the process is reproducible and does not adversely affect the fibers.
  • the fibrous plants are treated with a mixture of SPS-ase and beta-glucanase and preferably also pectinase (EC-3.2.1.15) in a preferred process. Treatment is effected by impregnation and then maceration of the straws or tows in an aq. medium containing the enzymes. Maceration is effected for 1-48 (3-36) hr at 20-70 (40-60) deg and at pH 3-7 (4-6).
  • a system for processing plant material which separates plant fibers from the woody portions of the material to produce a commercially desirable length of fiber and to grind the shorter woody portions that have been separated from the longer fibers to a desirable size which has found use in certain commercial applications.
  • the current system is well suited to process the tough fibers of the North American strain of flax straw, and will also find utility in processing other bast fibers, such as jute, hemp, ramie, and kenaf.
  • the invention refers to textile industry field.
  • the character lies in: the invention uses ambary, Calcutta hemp or sun hemp bast fiber as material, through biological deglue, then adds in compound enzyme to modify them, the deglued and modified fibers is decreased in fiber crystallinity, initial modulus and lignin content, the fiber softness, crack intensity and separation rate are improved prominently, the invention upgrades the textile performance of the fiber.
  • the invention solves the bottleneck problem of coarse and fine process of ambary, Calcutta hemp and sun hemp, realizes clean production, and has no contamination to environment.
  • the invention has a low synthesis cost, the economic efficiency and environment efficiency are significant.
  • the steam- knocking treatment can degrade 80% of hemicellulose and pectin firstly, it not only can provide required nutrients for micro-biological fermentation, but also can break natural structure of hemp, so that it is favorable for zymolysis of pectin and removing it so as to attain the goal of degumming hemp.
  • autogenetic bacteria of hemp are cultivated under anaerobic condition when their integrated activity is raised to 100-200 mu/ml, artificially cultivated supplementary bacteria are added, thus a complex decomposition enzyme for pectin is formed.
  • the pH and temp, of degumming are controlled, so the growth and reproduction of bacteria is rapid, the activity is maintained at 200-250 mu/ml, and time of degumming is also controlled, so hemp is degummed just in time and in degree. Then it is washed with water to a neutral condition and dried.
  • the degummed hemp produced by the degumming technique of this invention may be woven for 5-36NM hemp yarn of various grades, the productivity of hemp is raised to 33 percent, the degumming speed is rapid, and the product quality is stable.
  • This invention has such advantages as low investment, low running expense and good treatment effect.
  • the quality of treated water conforms to class-one national standard.
  • EP 0 907 780 (published on 1996-06-27) a fiber product, method and apparatus for manufacturing a fiber product has been presented.
  • the invention concerns a product obtained from flax or similar bast fiber which contains actual stalk fibers and shives originating in the same plant. Both fibers and shives are incorporated in the product by appropriately crushing the stalk.
  • the product may be a pressed-to-shape structural element, or a porous product such as an insulating material or a product for use in cultivation.
  • the method of production is also claimed.
  • the goal of the present invention is to render the method of degumming of fibrous plants, especially flax and hemp.
  • the process is based on physico-chemical phenomena, especially osmosis, occurring inside the fibrous plants in contact with pure water, using no chemicals, enzymes nor bacterial and fungal inoculations.
  • fibrous plant degumming based on natural physico-chemical phenomena allows for obtaining sewage characterised by a low load of easy-to-neutralize pollutants.
  • the whole process cycle requires considerable amounts of water. Therefore, application of filters allows for full recycling of water and thus improves the economics of the process.
  • the subject of the present invention is the method of a fibrous plant degumming in which the stems are placed in a container and flooded with water, characterised in that, the ratio is from 70:1 to 10:1 in relation to stem weight and the extraction of fibers is carried out by natural physical laws, namely water diffusion and/or osmosis and/or osmotic pressure, where the process includes three phases: a) phase 1, in which submerged in water stems are soaking the water and swelling and are leading up to the moment when water soluble mineral salts, pectin A, retting bacteria and pigments are being leached out from the stems causing the liquor to turn brown (with different intensity) and gas bubbles are appearing; b) in phase 2 the osmotic pressure is generated inside the stem, the water particles diffuse through the semi-permeable membrane until the concentration of water particles inside the stem is lower than outside, so the concentration of water particles inside the stem grows; c) in phase 3 the osmotic pressure inside the stem causes the stem fracture.
  • the fibrous plants are exposed to water in constant water flow.
  • the fibrous plants are exposed to water using periodical exchange of water.
  • the water soluble substances are being leached out throughout the whole process, which causes water coloration, opacity and decrease of its pH reaction below 7.
  • the temperature in the tank varies from 7 0 C to 6O 0 C .
  • the leaching process is conducted in time dependent from decrease of pH to the terminal value pH 5.
  • the coloration and opacity occurs.
  • the stems are draining off from the water solution in time dependent from decrease of pH to the terminal value pH 5.
  • the stems are flooded again with water within the range of temperature 7- 6O 0 C.
  • the exchange of water, leaching process and water removal is cyclically repeated in time dependent on the decrease of pH to the terminal value pH 5.
  • the constant water flow is applied in amount depending on the decrease of pH to the terminal value pH 5.
  • the temperature of supplied water is within the range of 7-6O 0 C.
  • the degree of degumming is determined organoleptically by the ease of fiber separation from wood.
  • the process is then considered terminated; after that the water is draining off from the straw, pressed out and the measures are undertaken to prevent the development of retting bacteria on the surface of the raw material; then the straw is dried, broken and fiber is separated.
  • the flax stems are subject to degumming.
  • the hemp stems are subject to degumming.
  • the degumming is carried out in solution of pH 8.0-5.0.
  • the degumming is carried out in closed water cycle using membrane filters.
  • the method is used for evaluation of fiber content in the raw material.
  • the whole plant and/or the middle part of plant is subject to degumming.
  • Hemp stems are placed in a tank and flooded with water of 15 0 C in amount ten-fold exceeding the amount of stems. After some time, depending on liquor reaction reduction to pH 5, the water is removed and replaced with a fresh one, having 15 0 C, in amount ten-fold exceeding the amount of stems.
  • the degree of retting should be dete ⁇ nined organoleptically and monitored throughout the whole process. When the straw is degummed, the process is considered to be completed. Next, the water is removed, straw is pressed to remove more water, the measures are undertaken to prevent the development of retting bacteria on the surface of the raw material, dried, broken and fiber is extracted.
  • Flax stems are placed in a tank and flooded with water of 15 0 C in amount ten-fold exceeding the amount of stems.
  • the leaching process is carried out in continuously flowing water.
  • the amount of water depends on the water reaction reduction to a threshold value of pH 5.
  • the degree of retting should be determined organoleptically and monitored throughout the whole process. When the straw is degummed, the process is considered completed. Next, the water is removed, straw is pressed to remove more water, the measures are undertaken to prevent the development of retting bacteria on the surface of the raw material, dried, broken and fiber is extracted.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

Le sujet de cette invention concerne un procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses, en particulier le lin et le chanvre à l'aide de processus physico-chimiques, en particulier l'osmose, se produisant à l'intérieur de la tige de la plante en contact avec l'eau.
PCT/PL2005/000064 2005-09-30 2005-09-30 Procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses Ceased WO2007037711A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/PL2005/000064 WO2007037711A1 (fr) 2005-09-30 2005-09-30 Procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/PL2005/000064 WO2007037711A1 (fr) 2005-09-30 2005-09-30 Procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007037711A1 true WO2007037711A1 (fr) 2007-04-05

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/PL2005/000064 Ceased WO2007037711A1 (fr) 2005-09-30 2005-09-30 Procédé de dégommage de plantes fibreuses

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2007037711A1 (fr)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102010836A (zh) * 2010-08-13 2011-04-13 东华大学 一种纤维单胞菌da8菌株及其获得方法和应用
CN102242405A (zh) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-16 铜陵华源麻业有限公司 一种从秋葵植物中提取秋葵纤维的方法
CN102409413A (zh) * 2011-08-30 2012-04-11 东华大学 一种利用产紫青霉菌db1菌株制备麻纤维的方法
CN102586898A (zh) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-18 江苏梦兰集团有限公司 一种天然彩麻纤维的制作方法
CN101230509B (zh) * 2008-02-03 2012-10-17 吕立煌 天然麻纱机械化生产工艺
US20150240414A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-27 Wuhan Textile University Chain, continuous and no-waste method for degumming and fiber-separating the ramie
CN105401225A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2016-03-16 耿云花 一种棉杆皮纤维的制备方法
CN105442060A (zh) * 2015-11-11 2016-03-30 六安市华龙麻纺工艺制品有限公司 一种汉麻纤维制取方法
US9487914B1 (en) 2015-08-13 2016-11-08 9F, Inc. Decortication methods for producing raw materials from plant biomass
CN106400129A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-15 东华大学 一种高效低排低温过氧化麻脱胶方法
US9702082B2 (en) 2015-08-13 2017-07-11 9Fiber, Inc. Methods for producing raw materials from plant biomass
CN110230138A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-13 常州美源亚麻纺织有限公司 一种亚麻三醋酸纤维的制备方法

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ALLAM A. M.: "Assessment, Evaluation and Acknowledgment of a New, More Controllable Method for Extracting Vegetal Fibers", JOURNAL OF NATURAL FIBERS, vol. 1, no. 3, 2004, pages 77 - 85, XP008064750 *

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101230509B (zh) * 2008-02-03 2012-10-17 吕立煌 天然麻纱机械化生产工艺
CN102242405A (zh) * 2010-05-13 2011-11-16 铜陵华源麻业有限公司 一种从秋葵植物中提取秋葵纤维的方法
CN102010836A (zh) * 2010-08-13 2011-04-13 东华大学 一种纤维单胞菌da8菌株及其获得方法和应用
CN102010836B (zh) * 2010-08-13 2012-07-04 东华大学 一种纤维单胞菌da8菌株及其获得方法和应用
CN102409413A (zh) * 2011-08-30 2012-04-11 东华大学 一种利用产紫青霉菌db1菌株制备麻纤维的方法
CN102586898A (zh) * 2012-03-27 2012-07-18 江苏梦兰集团有限公司 一种天然彩麻纤维的制作方法
US20150240414A1 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-08-27 Wuhan Textile University Chain, continuous and no-waste method for degumming and fiber-separating the ramie
US9206544B2 (en) * 2014-02-25 2015-12-08 Wuhan Textile University Chain, continuous and no-waste method for degumming and fiber-separating the ramie
CN105401225A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2016-03-16 耿云花 一种棉杆皮纤维的制备方法
US9487914B1 (en) 2015-08-13 2016-11-08 9F, Inc. Decortication methods for producing raw materials from plant biomass
US9702082B2 (en) 2015-08-13 2017-07-11 9Fiber, Inc. Methods for producing raw materials from plant biomass
US9938663B2 (en) 2015-08-13 2018-04-10 9Fiber, Inc. Methods for producing raw materials from plant biomass
CN105442060A (zh) * 2015-11-11 2016-03-30 六安市华龙麻纺工艺制品有限公司 一种汉麻纤维制取方法
CN106400129A (zh) * 2016-10-28 2017-02-15 东华大学 一种高效低排低温过氧化麻脱胶方法
CN110230138A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-13 常州美源亚麻纺织有限公司 一种亚麻三醋酸纤维的制备方法

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