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WO2007033914A1 - Method for monitoring a turboshaft rotational speed - Google Patents

Method for monitoring a turboshaft rotational speed Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007033914A1
WO2007033914A1 PCT/EP2006/066208 EP2006066208W WO2007033914A1 WO 2007033914 A1 WO2007033914 A1 WO 2007033914A1 EP 2006066208 W EP2006066208 W EP 2006066208W WO 2007033914 A1 WO2007033914 A1 WO 2007033914A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
speed
turbo shaft
sensor
monitoring
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2006/066208
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Ante
Markus Gilch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Continental Automotive GmbH
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens VDO Automotive AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens VDO Automotive AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2007033914A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007033914A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/06—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to speed
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
    • G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
    • G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
    • G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
    • G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
    • G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
    • G01P3/489—Digital circuits therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/02—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F05D2270/021—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/304—Spool rotational speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/40—Type of control system
    • F05D2270/44—Type of control system active, predictive, or anticipative
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/60—Control system actuates means
    • F05D2270/64—Hydraulic actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft, which is rotatably mounted in an exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein on the turbo shaft, a magnetic field variie ⁇ ing element is formed, which varies the magnetic field ⁇ proportional to the turbo shaft speed, and a sensor is provided, the detects the variation of the magnetic field and converts it into an electronic speed signal.
  • the power generated by an internal combustion engine depends on the air mass and the corresponding amount of fuel that can be provided to the engine for combustion.
  • To increase the performance of an internal combustion engine it is necessary to supply the engine with a larger amount of combustion air and fuel. This increase in performance is achieved in a naturally aspirated engine by increasing the displacement or by increasing the speed.
  • An increase in displacement however, generally leads to heavier in size larger and therefore more expensive internal combustion engines.
  • the increase in speed brings with larger internal combustion ⁇ machines considerable problems and disadvantages and is limited for technical reasons.
  • An exhaust gas turbocharger consists essentially of a flow compressor, which is also referred to as a compressor and a turbine, which are connected to egg ⁇ ner common shaft and rotate at the same speed.
  • the turbine converts the normally nutz ⁇ los deflagrating energy of the exhaust into rotational energy and drives the compressor.
  • the compressor sucks fresh air and promotes the supercharged charge air to the individual cylinders of the engine.
  • the larger amount of air in the cylinders can be fed an increased amount of fuel, whereby the internal combustion engine gives more power.
  • the combustion process is also favorably influenced, so that the internal combustion engine achieves a better overall efficiency degree ⁇ .
  • the torque curve of a charged with a turbocharger internal combustion engine can be made extremely low.
  • existing Seriensaugmotoren can be significantly optimized by using an exhaust gas turbocharger without great constructive interventions on of the internal combustion ⁇ machine.
  • Charged Brennkraftma ⁇ machines usually have a lower specific fuel consumption and have a lower pollutant emission on.
  • turbo engines are usually quieter than naturally aspirated engines of the same power, since the turbocharger itself acts as an additional silencer. In internal combustion engines with a large operating speed range, for example in internal combustion engines for passenger cars, a high charge pressure is required even at low engine speeds.
  • the maximum allowed rotation may ⁇ number of combination of turbine wheel and turbine shaft which is also referred to as the rotating parts of the turbocharger, are exceeded. If the speed of the running gear is exceeded excessively, this would be destroyed, which amounts to a total damage of the turbocharger.
  • modern and klei ⁇ ne turbochargers with significantly smaller turbine wheel and compressor that significantly smaller by a mass Moment of inertia have an improved spin behavior are affected by the problem of exceeding the maximum permissible speed.
  • exceeding the speed limit by approximately 5% already leads to complete destruction of the turbocharger.
  • the wastegate valves have proven themselves, which are controlled by a speed-dependent signal. If the boost pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold value, then the wastegate valve opens and directs a portion of the exhaust gas mass flow past the turbine. This consumes less power due to the reduced mass flow, and the compressor performance decreases to the same extent. The boost pressure and the speed of the rotor are reduced.
  • an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine which has a device for detecting the rotational speed of the turbo shaft.
  • an element for varying a magnetic field is present in the compressor-side end of the turbo shaft, wherein the variation of the magnetic field in dependence on the rotation of the turbo shaft takes place, and wherein in the vicinity of the ele- ment for the variation of the magnetic field, a sensor element is arranged on ⁇ which detects the variation of the magnetic field and converts it into electrical evaluable signals.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for controlling the speed of a turbo shaft, with which the exhaust gas turbocharger is safely protected from damage by a speed above the maximum permissible limit.
  • This object is achieved in that the detection of a faulty speed signal, the duty cycle of the speed signal is evaluated and Vorlie ⁇ conditions of a faulty speed signal, the speed of the Tur- bowel is so far reduced that destruction of the off ⁇ gas turbocharger by exceeding its Maximum speed is excluded.
  • the advantage here is that the duty cycle is easily elon- tronically evaluated and can be concluded so quickly and clearly on the presence of a signal interference.
  • the object is achieved in that the rotation ⁇ number signal is classified as faulty if in the PuIs- result individual signal pulses are absent and in the presence of ei ⁇ nes erroneous speed signal, the speed of the turbo shaft is reduced so much that a destruction of the exhaust turbo ⁇ loader is excluded by exceeding its maximum speed.
  • the speed signal is a strictly periodic signal
  • said signal pulses lack break the periodicity, which can easily electronically Festge ⁇ represents may be.
  • ⁇ represents may be simply the time between the signal edges can be measured and if this time deviates significantly from the previously measured times, the signal is classified as faulty.
  • the senor is designed as a Hall sensor.
  • Hall sensors are very good for detecting the variation of a magnetic field and are therefore very good to use for speed detection.
  • Hall sensors are very cost-effective -effectively acquire commercially and they are also at Tem ⁇ temperatures used up to about 160 0 C.
  • the senor is designed as a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor.
  • MR sensors are well suited for detecting the variation of a magnetic field and can be obtained commercially in a cost- effective manner.
  • the senor is designed as an inductive sensor.
  • Inductive sensors are perfectly suited for detecting variations in a magnetic field and they are ver even at high temperatures ⁇ reversible.
  • the control unit in the presence of a faulty speed signal, opens the wastegate valve so far that the remaining exhaust gas flow can accelerate the turbine wheel only up to the maximum speed of the exhaust gas turbocharger. Since one knows the maximum exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine, it is easily possible for the signal error case to calculate the proportion of the exhaust gas flow, which is harmless for the turbocharger. Only the harmless exhaust gas flow then reaches the exhaust gas turbocharger, if a faulty speed signal was detected.
  • the controller sets the geometry of the tur ⁇ binenconstru so that the maximum exhaust gas flow can accelerate the turbine only to the maximum speed of the exhaust gas turbocharger.
  • the internal combustion engine, a turbine geometry are predetermined knowing the Maxima len exhaust stream, with the maximum exhaust gas flow remains unwelded ⁇ lich for the turbocharger.
  • the speed signal is classified as error-free when the duty cycle is in ei ⁇ nem predetermined range.
  • a range for a fault-free speed signal would be, for example, a 25 to 75%. Duty ratios above 75% and below 25% would then lead to the detection of a faulty speed signal.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exhaust gas turbocharger with a compressor and a turbine
  • FIG. 3 a somewhat deteriorated pulse duty factor
  • FIG. 4 a likewise deteriorated duty cycle
  • FIG. 5 a considerably deteriorated duty cycle
  • FIG. 6 a likewise considerably deteriorated Tastver ⁇ ratio
  • Figure 7 another form of detection of a faulty speed signal.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an exhaust gas turbocharger 1 with a compressor 3 and a turbine 2.
  • the turbine 2 is mechanically connected to the compressor 3 through the turbo shaft 8.
  • the combination of turbine 2, compressor 3 and turbo shaft 8 is rotatably mounted in the here not completely shown Abgasturbola ⁇ 1.
  • the exhaust stream 4 generated by an internal combustion engine 7 is supplied to the turbine 2.
  • the exhaust gas stream 4 drives the turbine, which transmits its rotational movement to the turbo ⁇ wave 8 and the compressor 3.
  • the combination of turbo shaft 8, turbine 2 and compressor 3 which is also referred to as a running tool, in ⁇ mer faster.
  • Modern turbochargers have a speed limit at about 300,000 revolutions per minute. This speed limit must not be exceeded, otherwise a complete destruction of the turbocharger can occur.
  • an element 10 for varying a magnetic field is formed in the turbo shaft 8.
  • the element 10 is designed to vary the Mag ⁇ netfeldes as a permanent magnet.
  • the magnetic field at the speed sensor 6 va ⁇ riiert.
  • a speed sensor 6 for example, a HaIl element, a coil for detecting the magnetic field or a magnetoritive (MR) element comes into question.
  • the speed sensor 6 generates from the detected magnetic field, a speed signal 11, which is forwarded to a control unit 9.
  • control unit 9 If the control unit 9 detects that the upper speed limit of the turbocharger 1 has been reached, it controls a so-called wastegate valve 12, which opens and directs the exhaust gas flow 4 past the turbine 2, thereby preventing further acceleration of the power tool.
  • the speed signal 11 is falsified by external influences, such as superimposed external magnetic fields or electromagnetically interspersed pulses. In particular, it is kri ⁇ table when the speed signal 11 is a lower speed of the turbo shaft 8, as the actual existing rotation ⁇ number of the turbo shaft 8. This could lead to the total Zer- disturbance of the turbocharger 1, since the control unit 9 no pulse for Emptying opening of the waste gate valve, which is further accelerated with sufficient exhaust gas stream 4 the running gear. To prevent this, the speed signal is evaluated according to its duty cycle.
  • Figures 2 to 7 show the toleite from the speed signal 11 ⁇ th voltage signal U as a function of time t. Instead of the voltage U, the current strength may well be represented.
  • the speed signal 11 of Figure 2 are located in the time average, the same number of pulses below a kon ⁇ constants voltage value C as above this constant voltage value C.
  • the duty cycle is the percentage of time indicate that a signal is above a threshold.
  • FIG. 11 Another form of detection of a faulty speed signal 11 is shown in the diagram of FIG.
  • the signal pulses 13 of the rotational speed signal 11 are strictly periodic peri ⁇ odisch, whereby the absence of a pulse 14 can be easily Festge ⁇ provides. This requires a time measurement which is coupled to the pulse train of the speed signal 11 and detects the absence of a pulse 14. Even with the ⁇ sem method for evaluating the speed signal 11, the controller 9 can detect a faulty speed signal 11 and prevent by driving the waste gate valve 12 overspeeding of the running tool.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for monitoring the speed of rotation of a turboshaft which rotatably mounted in a turbocharger, wherein a magnetic field-modifying element is arranged on the turboshaft and generates the variation of the magnetic field proportionally to the speed of rotation of the turboshaft and a sensor for detecting the variation of the magnetic field and converting it into the speed of rotation electronic signal is provided. The aim of said invention is to develop a method for controlling the speed of rotation of a turboshaft which makes it possible to reliably protect the turbocharger against a damage produced by the speed of rotation exceeding an admissible upper limit. For this purpose, in order to detect a faulty rotational speed signal, the pulse duty factor thereof is evaluated and, in the case of a faulty rotational speed signal, the speed of rotation of the turboshaft is reduced in such a way that the destruction of the turbocharger by the exceeding rotational speed thereof is excluded.

Description

Beschreibungdescription

Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer TurbowelleMethod for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle, die in einem Abgasturbolader drehbar gelagert ist, wobei an der Turbowelle ein ein Magnetfeld variie¬ rendes Element ausgebildet ist, welches das Magnetfeld pro¬ portional zu der Turbowellendrehzahl variiert, und ein Sensor vorgesehen ist, der die Variation des Magnetfeldes erfasst und in ein elektronisches Drehzahlsignal umwandelt.The invention relates to a method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft, which is rotatably mounted in an exhaust gas turbocharger, wherein on the turbo shaft, a magnetic field variie ¬ ing element is formed, which varies the magnetic field ¬ proportional to the turbo shaft speed, and a sensor is provided, the detects the variation of the magnetic field and converts it into an electronic speed signal.

Die von einer Brennkraftmaschine erzeugte Leistung hängt von der Luftmasse und der entsprechenden Kraftstoffmenge ab, die der Maschine zur Verbrennung zur Verfügung gestellt werden kann. Zur Leistungssteigerung einer Brennkraftmaschine ist es notwendig der Maschine eine größere Menge Verbrennungsluft und Kraftstoff zuzuführen. Diese Leistungssteigerung wird bei einem Saugmotor durch eine Hubraumvergrößerung oder durch die Erhöhung der Drehzahl erreicht. Eine Hubraumvergrößerung führt aber grundsätzlich zu schwereren in den Abmessungen größeren und damit teureren Brennkraftmaschinen. Die Steigerung der Drehzahl bringt besonders bei größeren Brennkraftma¬ schinen erhebliche Probleme und Nachteile mit sich und ist aus technischen Gründen begrenzt.The power generated by an internal combustion engine depends on the air mass and the corresponding amount of fuel that can be provided to the engine for combustion. To increase the performance of an internal combustion engine, it is necessary to supply the engine with a larger amount of combustion air and fuel. This increase in performance is achieved in a naturally aspirated engine by increasing the displacement or by increasing the speed. An increase in displacement, however, generally leads to heavier in size larger and therefore more expensive internal combustion engines. The increase in speed brings with larger internal combustion ¬ machines considerable problems and disadvantages and is limited for technical reasons.

Eine viel genutzte technische Lösung zur Steigerung der Leis¬ tung einer Brennkraftmaschine ist die Aufladung. Damit be¬ zeichnet man die Vorverdichtung der Verbrennungsluft durch einen Abgasturbolader oder auch mittels eines vom Motor mechanisch angetriebenen Verdichters. Ein Abgasturbolader besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem Strömungsverdichter, der auch als Kompressor bezeichnet wird und einer Turbine, die mit ei¬ ner gemeinsamen Welle verbunden sind und mit der gleichen Drehzahl rotieren. Die Turbine setzt die normalerweise nutz¬ los verpuffende Energie des Abgases in Rotationsenergie um und treibt den Kompressor an. Der Kompressor saugt Frischluft an und fördert die vorverdichtete Ladeluft zu den einzelnen Zylindern des Motors. Der größeren Luftmenge in den Zylindern kann eine erhöhte Kraftstoffmenge zugeführt werden, wodurch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine mehr Leistung abgibt. Der Verbrennungsvorgang wird zudem günstig beeinflusst, so dass die Verbrennungskraftmaschine einen besseren Gesamtwirkungs¬ grad erzielt. Darüber hinaus kann der Drehmomentverlauf einer mit einem Turbolader aufgeladenen Brennkraftmaschine äußerst günstig gestaltet werden. Bei Fahrzeugherstellern vorhandene Seriensaugmotoren können durch den Einsatz eines Abgasturboladers ohne große konstruktive Eingriffe an der Brennkraftma¬ schine wesentlich optimiert werden. Aufgeladene Brennkraftma¬ schinen haben in der Regel einen geringeren spezifischen Kraftstoffverbrauch und weisen eine geringere Schadstoffemis- sion auf. Darüber hinaus sind Turbomotoren in der Regel leiser als Saugmotoren gleicher Leistung, da der Abgasturbolader selbst wie ein zusätzlicher Schalldämpfer wirkt. Bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem großen Betriebsdrehzahlbereich, zum Beispiel bei Brennkraftmaschinen für Personenkraftwagen, wird schon bei niedrigen Motordrehzahlen ein hoher Ladedruck gefordert. Dafür wird bei diesen Turboladern ein Ladedruckre¬ gelventil, ein so genanntes Waste-Gate-Ventil, eingeführt. Durch die Wahl eines entsprechenden Turbinengehäuses wird schon bei niedrigen Motordrehzahlen schnell ein hoher Lade- druck aufgebaut. Das Ladedruckregelventil (Waste-Gate-Ventil) begrenzt dann bei steigender Motordrehzahl den Ladedruck auf einen gleich bleibenden Wert . Alternativ kommen Turbolader mit variabler Turbinengeometrie (VTG) zum Einsatz.A much used technical solution for increasing the performance of an internal combustion engine is charging. Thus ¬ be to draw the pre-compression of the combustion air by an exhaust gas turbocharger or also by means of a mechanically driven by the engine compressor. An exhaust gas turbocharger consists essentially of a flow compressor, which is also referred to as a compressor and a turbine, which are connected to egg ¬ ner common shaft and rotate at the same speed. The turbine converts the normally nutz ¬ los deflagrating energy of the exhaust into rotational energy and drives the compressor. The compressor sucks fresh air and promotes the supercharged charge air to the individual cylinders of the engine. The larger amount of air in the cylinders can be fed an increased amount of fuel, whereby the internal combustion engine gives more power. The combustion process is also favorably influenced, so that the internal combustion engine achieves a better overall efficiency degree ¬. In addition, the torque curve of a charged with a turbocharger internal combustion engine can be made extremely low. For vehicle manufacturers existing Seriensaugmotoren can be significantly optimized by using an exhaust gas turbocharger without great constructive interventions on of the internal combustion ¬ machine. Charged Brennkraftma ¬ machines usually have a lower specific fuel consumption and have a lower pollutant emission on. In addition, turbo engines are usually quieter than naturally aspirated engines of the same power, since the turbocharger itself acts as an additional silencer. In internal combustion engines with a large operating speed range, for example in internal combustion engines for passenger cars, a high charge pressure is required even at low engine speeds. For this, in these turbochargers a Ladedruckre ¬ gelventil, a so-called waste-gate valve, is introduced. By choosing a suitable turbine housing, a high charging pressure is quickly built up even at low engine speeds. The wastegate valve (waste gate valve) then limits the boost pressure to a constant value as the engine speed increases. Alternatively, turbochargers with variable turbine geometry (VTG) are used.

Bei zunehmender Abgasmenge kann die maximal zulässige Dreh¬ zahl der Kombination aus Turbinenrad und Turbowelle, die auch als Laufzeug des Turboladers bezeichnet wird, überschritten werden. Bei einer unzulässigen Überschreitung der Drehzahl des Laufzeuges würde dieses zerstört werden, was einem Total- schaden des Turboladers gleichkommt. Gerade moderne und klei¬ ne Turbolader mit deutlich kleineren Turbinen- und Kompressorraddurchmessern, die durch ein erheblich kleineres Massen- trägheitsmoment ein verbessertes Drehbeschleunigungsverhalten aufweisen, werden vom Problem des Überschreitens der zulässigen Höchstdrehzahl betroffen. Je nach Auslegung des Turboladers führt schon eine Überschreitung der Drehzahlgrenze um etwa 5 % zur kompletten Zerstörung des Turboladers.With increasing amount of exhaust gas, the maximum allowed rotation may ¬ number of combination of turbine wheel and turbine shaft which is also referred to as the rotating parts of the turbocharger, are exceeded. If the speed of the running gear is exceeded excessively, this would be destroyed, which amounts to a total damage of the turbocharger. Especially modern and klei ¬ ne turbochargers with significantly smaller turbine wheel and compressor that significantly smaller by a mass Moment of inertia have an improved spin behavior, are affected by the problem of exceeding the maximum permissible speed. Depending on the design of the turbocharger, exceeding the speed limit by approximately 5% already leads to complete destruction of the turbocharger.

Zur Drehzahlbegrenzung haben sich die Ladedruckregelventile bewährt, die von einem drehzahlabhängigen Signal angesteuert werden. Überschreitet der Ladedruck einen vorgegebenen Schwellwert, so öffnet das Ladedruckregelventil und leitet einen Teil des Abgasmassenstroms an der Turbine vorbei. Diese nimmt wegen des verringerten Massenstroms weniger Leistung auf, und die Kompressorleistung geht in gleichem Maße zurück. Der Ladedruck und die Drehzahl des Laufzeuges werden verrin- gert .To limit the speed, the wastegate valves have proven themselves, which are controlled by a speed-dependent signal. If the boost pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold value, then the wastegate valve opens and directs a portion of the exhaust gas mass flow past the turbine. This consumes less power due to the reduced mass flow, and the compressor performance decreases to the same extent. The boost pressure and the speed of the rotor are reduced.

Aus der noch nicht veröffentlichten Deutschen Patentanmeldung mit dem Prioritätsaktenzeichen 10 2004 034 512.0 ist eine Abgasturbolader für eine Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, der eine Einrichtung zur Erfassung der Drehzahl der Turbowelle aufweist. Hierzu ist in dem kompressorseitigen Ende der Turbowelle ein Element zur Variation eines Magnetfeldes vorhanden, wobei die Variation des Magnetfeldes in Abhängigkeit von der Drehung der Turbowelle erfolgt, und wobei in der Nähe des E- lementes zur Variation des Magnetfeldes ein Sensorelement an¬ geordnet ist, das die Variation des Magnetfeldes erfasst und in elektrische auswertbare Signale umwandelt.From the not yet published German patent application with the priority file 10 2004 034 512.0 an exhaust gas turbocharger for an internal combustion engine is known which has a device for detecting the rotational speed of the turbo shaft. For this purpose, an element for varying a magnetic field is present in the compressor-side end of the turbo shaft, wherein the variation of the magnetic field in dependence on the rotation of the turbo shaft takes place, and wherein in the vicinity of the ele- ment for the variation of the magnetic field, a sensor element is arranged on ¬ which detects the variation of the magnetic field and converts it into electrical evaluable signals.

Dabei ist es jedoch möglich, dass das Drehzahlsignal zum Bei- spiel durch äußere Einflüsse, wie etwa ein von außen einge¬ streutes Magnetfeld, gestört und verfälscht wird und die tat¬ sächliche Drehzahl der Turbowelle höher ist, als die aus dem Drehzahlsignal erkennbare. Bei einem solchen fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignal könnte es zu einer Überschreitung der Höchst- drehzahl der Turbowelle kommen, was zur vollständigen Zerstörung des Turboladers führen kann. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, ein Verfahren zur Drehzahlsteuerung einer Turbowelle anzugeben, mit dem der Abgasturbolader sicher vor einer Beschädigung durch ein Drehzahl über der zulässigen Höchstgrenze geschützt ist.However, it is possible that the speed signal play for examples by external influences, such as a interspersed inserted from outside ¬ magnetic field is disturbed and distorted and did ¬ neuter rotational speed of the turboshaft is higher than the recognizable from the speed signal. With such a faulty speed signal, the maximum speed of the turbo shaft could be exceeded, which can lead to the complete destruction of the turbocharger. The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for controlling the speed of a turbo shaft, with which the exhaust gas turbocharger is safely protected from damage by a speed above the maximum permissible limit.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass zu der Erkennung eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals das Tastverhältnis des Drehzahlsignals ausgewertet wird und beim Vorlie¬ gen eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals die Drehzahl der Tur- bowelle so weit reduziert wird, dass eine Zerstörung des Ab¬ gasturboladers durch eine Überschreitung seiner Höchstdrehzahl ausgeschlossen ist.This object is achieved in that the detection of a faulty speed signal, the duty cycle of the speed signal is evaluated and Vorlie ¬ conditions of a faulty speed signal, the speed of the Tur- bowel is so far reduced that destruction of the off ¬ gas turbocharger by exceeding its Maximum speed is excluded.

Vorteilhaft dabei ist, dass das Tastverhältnis leicht elekt- ronisch auswertbar ist und so schnell und eindeutig auf das Vorliegen einer Signalstörung geschlossen werden kann.The advantage here is that the duty cycle is easily elon- tronically evaluated and can be concluded so quickly and clearly on the presence of a signal interference.

Alternativ wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass das Dreh¬ zahlsignal als fehlerhaft eingestuft wird, wenn in der PuIs- folge einzelne Signalpulse ausbleiben und beim Vorliegen ei¬ nes fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals die Drehzahl der Turbowelle so weit reduziert wird, dass eine Zerstörung des Abgasturbo¬ laders durch eine Überschreitung seiner Höchstdrehzahl ausgeschlossen ist.Alternatively, the object is achieved in that the rotation ¬ number signal is classified as faulty if in the PuIs- result individual signal pulses are absent and in the presence of ei ¬ nes erroneous speed signal, the speed of the turbo shaft is reduced so much that a destruction of the exhaust turbo ¬ loader is excluded by exceeding its maximum speed.

Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, dass das Drehzahlsignal ein streng periodisches Signal ist, wobei ausbleibende Signalpulse die Periodizität durchbrechen, was leicht elektronisch festge¬ stellt werden kann. Hierzu kann zum Beispiel einfach die Zeit zwischen den Signalflanken vermessen werden und wenn diese Zeit signifikant von den zuvor gemessenen Zeiten abweicht, wird das Signal als fehlerhaft eingestuft.It is advantageous that the speed signal is a strictly periodic signal, said signal pulses lack break the periodicity, which can easily electronically Festge ¬ represents may be. For this purpose, for example, simply the time between the signal edges can be measured and if this time deviates significantly from the previously measured times, the signal is classified as faulty.

Bei einer ersten Weiterbildung ist der Sensor als Hall-Sensor ausgebildet. Hall-Sensoren eignen sich sehr gut zur Erfassung der Variation eines Magnetfeldes und sind daher sehr gut zur Drehzahlerfassung zu verwenden. Hall-Sensoren sind sehr kos- tengünstig kommerziell zu erwerben und sie sind auch bei Tem¬ peraturen bis etwa 1600C einsetzbar.In a first development, the sensor is designed as a Hall sensor. Hall sensors are very good for detecting the variation of a magnetic field and are therefore very good to use for speed detection. Hall sensors are very cost-effective -effectively acquire commercially and they are also at Tem ¬ temperatures used up to about 160 0 C.

Alternativ dazu ist der Sensor als magnetoresitiver (MR) Sensor ausgebildet. MR Sensoren sind ihrerseits gut zur Erfas- sung der Variation eines Magnetfeldes geeignet und kosten¬ günstig kommerziell erwerbbar.Alternatively, the sensor is designed as a magnetoresistive (MR) sensor. For their part, MR sensors are well suited for detecting the variation of a magnetic field and can be obtained commercially in a cost- effective manner.

Bei einer nächsten alternativen Ausgestaltung ist der Sensor als induktiver Sensor ausgebildet. Auch induktive Sensoren eigenen sich hervorragend zur Erfassung der Variation eines Magnetfeldes und sie sind auch bei hohen Temperaturen ver¬ wendbar .In a next alternative embodiment, the sensor is designed as an inductive sensor. Inductive sensors are perfectly suited for detecting variations in a magnetic field and they are ver even at high temperatures ¬ reversible.

Bei einer Weiterbildung öffnet beim Vorliegen eines fehler- haften Drehzahlsignals das Steuergerät das Waste-Gate-Ventil so weit, dass der verbleibende Abgasstrom das Turbinenrad nur bis zur Höchstdrehzahl des Abgasturboladers beschleunigen kann. Da man den maximalen Abgasstrom einer Brennkraftmaschine kennt, ist es leicht Möglich für den Signalfehlerfall den Anteil des Abgasstroms zu berechen, der für den Turbolader unschädlich ist. Nur der unschädliche Abgasstrom erreicht dann den Abgasturbolader, wenn ein fehlerhaftes Drehzahlsignal erkannt wurde.In a further development, in the presence of a faulty speed signal, the control unit opens the wastegate valve so far that the remaining exhaust gas flow can accelerate the turbine wheel only up to the maximum speed of the exhaust gas turbocharger. Since one knows the maximum exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine, it is easily possible for the signal error case to calculate the proportion of the exhaust gas flow, which is harmless for the turbocharger. Only the harmless exhaust gas flow then reaches the exhaust gas turbocharger, if a faulty speed signal was detected.

Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass beim Vorliegen eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals das Steuergerät die Geometrie der Tur¬ binenblätter so einstellt, dass der maximale Abgasstrom das Turbinenrad nur bis zur Höchstdrehzahl des Abgasturboladers beschleunigen kann. Auch hier kann unter Kenntnis des maxima- len Abgasstroms der Brennkraftmaschine eine Turbinengeometrie vorbestimmt werden, mit der der maximale Abgasstrom unschäd¬ lich für den Turbolader bleibt .But it is also conceivable that in the presence of a faulty speed signal, the controller sets the geometry of the tur ¬ binenblätter so that the maximum exhaust gas flow can accelerate the turbine only to the maximum speed of the exhaust gas turbocharger. Again, the internal combustion engine, a turbine geometry are predetermined knowing the Maxima len exhaust stream, with the maximum exhaust gas flow remains unschäd ¬ lich for the turbocharger.

Bei einer Weiterbildung wird das Drehzahlsignal dann als feh- lerfrei eingestuft wird, wenn sich das Tastverhältnis in ei¬ nem vorher festgelegten Bereich befindet. Als Bereich für ein fehlerfreies Drehzahlsignal wäre zum Beispiel ein Tastver- hältnis von 25 bis 75% denkbar. Tastverhältnisse über 75% und unter 25% würden dann zur Erkennung eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals führen.In a development, the speed signal is classified as error-free when the duty cycle is in ei ¬ nem predetermined range. A range for a fault-free speed signal would be, for example, a 25 to 75%. Duty ratios above 75% and below 25% would then lead to the detection of a faulty speed signal.

Ausführungsformen der Erfindung werden in den Figuren beispielhaft dargestellt. Es zeigen:Embodiments of the invention are exemplified in the figures. Show it:

Figur 1: einen Abgasturbolader mit einem Kompressor und einer Turbine,1 shows an exhaust gas turbocharger with a compressor and a turbine,

Figur 2: das aus dem Drehzahlsignal abgeleitete Spannungs¬ signal in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit,2: shows the voltage derived from the speed signal ¬ signal in dependence on time,

Figur 3: ein etwas verschlechtertes Tastverhältnis,FIG. 3: a somewhat deteriorated pulse duty factor,

Figur 4: ein ebenfalls verschlechtertes Tastverhältnis,FIG. 4: a likewise deteriorated duty cycle,

Figur 5: ein wesentlich verschlechtertes Tastverhältnis,FIG. 5: a considerably deteriorated duty cycle,

Figur 6: ein ebenfalls wesentlich verschlechtertes Tastver¬ hältnis,FIG. 6: a likewise considerably deteriorated Tastver ¬ ratio,

Figur 7: weitere Form der Erkennung eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals .Figure 7: another form of detection of a faulty speed signal.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch einen Abgasturbolader 1 mit einem Kompressor 3 und einer Turbine 2. Die Turbine 2 ist mit dem Kompressor 3 durch die Turbowelle 8 mechanisch verbunden. Die Kombination aus Turbine 2, Kompressor 3 und Turbowelle 8 ist drehbar im hier nicht vollständig dargestellten Abgasturbola¬ der 1 gelagert. Der von einer Brennkraftmaschine 7 erzeugte Abgasstrom 4 wird der Turbine 2 zugeleitet. Der Abgasstrom 4 treibt die Turbine an, die ihre Drehbewegung auf die Turbo¬ welle 8 und den Kompressor 3 überträgt. Bei zunehmendem Ab¬ gasstrom 4 wird die Kombination aus Turbowelle 8, Turbine 2 und Kompressor 3, die auch als Laufzeug bezeichnet wird, im¬ mer schneller. Moderne Turbolader haben eine Drehzahlgrenze bei ungefähr 300000 Umdrehungen pro Minute. Diese Drehzahlgrenze darf nicht überschritten werden, da sonst eine komplette Zerstörung des Turboladers erfolgen kann. Um die Drehzahl des Turboladers festzustellen, ist in der Turbowelle 8 ein Element 10 zur Variation eines Magnetfeldes ausgebildet. In diesem Beispiel ist das Element 10 zur Variation des Mag¬ netfeldes als Permanentmagnet ausgebildet. Mit der Drehung der Turbowelle 8 wird das Magnetfeld am Drehzahlsensor 6 va¬ riiert. Als Drehzahlsensor 6 kommt zum Beispiel ein HaIl- Element, eine Spule zur Erfassung des Magnetfeldes oder ein magnetoritives (MR) Element in Frage. Der Drehzahlsensor 6 erzeugt aus dem erfassten Magnetfeld ein Drehzahlsignal 11, das an ein Steuergerät 9 weitergeleitet wird. Erkennt das Steuergerät 9 das Erreichen der oberen Drehzahlgrenze des Turboladers 1, so steuert es ein so genanntes Waste-Gate- Ventil 12 an, das sich öffnet und den Abgasstrom 4 an der Turbine 2 vorbei lenkt, wodurch eine weitere Beschleunigung des Laufzeuges verhindert wird. Es ist denkbar, dass das Drehzahlsignal 11 durch äußere Einflüsse, wie zum Beispiel überlagerte äußere Magnetfelder oder elektromagnetisch eingestreute Impulse verfälscht wird. Insbesondere ist es kri¬ tisch, wenn das Drehzahlsignal 11 eine geringere Drehzahl der Turbowelle 8 darstellt, als die tatsächlich vorhandene Dreh¬ zahl der Turbowelle 8. Hierdurch könnte es zur totalen Zer- Störung des Turboladers 1 kommen, da das Steuergerät 9 keinen Impuls zur Öffnung des Waste-Gate-Ventils aussendet, wodurch bei ausreichendem Abgasstrom 4 das Laufzeug weiter beschleunigt wird. Um dies zu verhindern, wird das Drehzahlsignal nach seinem Tastverhältnis ausgewertet.1 shows schematically an exhaust gas turbocharger 1 with a compressor 3 and a turbine 2. The turbine 2 is mechanically connected to the compressor 3 through the turbo shaft 8. The combination of turbine 2, compressor 3 and turbo shaft 8 is rotatably mounted in the here not completely shown Abgasturbola ¬ 1. The exhaust stream 4 generated by an internal combustion engine 7 is supplied to the turbine 2. The exhaust gas stream 4 drives the turbine, which transmits its rotational movement to the turbo ¬ wave 8 and the compressor 3. With increasing Ab ¬ gas stream 4, the combination of turbo shaft 8, turbine 2 and compressor 3, which is also referred to as a running tool, in ¬ mer faster. Modern turbochargers have a speed limit at about 300,000 revolutions per minute. This speed limit must not be exceeded, otherwise a complete destruction of the turbocharger can occur. In order to determine the rotational speed of the turbocharger, an element 10 for varying a magnetic field is formed in the turbo shaft 8. In this example, the element 10 is designed to vary the Mag ¬ netfeldes as a permanent magnet. With the rotation of the turbo shaft 8, the magnetic field at the speed sensor 6 va ¬ riiert. As a speed sensor 6, for example, a HaIl element, a coil for detecting the magnetic field or a magnetoritive (MR) element comes into question. The speed sensor 6 generates from the detected magnetic field, a speed signal 11, which is forwarded to a control unit 9. If the control unit 9 detects that the upper speed limit of the turbocharger 1 has been reached, it controls a so-called wastegate valve 12, which opens and directs the exhaust gas flow 4 past the turbine 2, thereby preventing further acceleration of the power tool. It is conceivable that the speed signal 11 is falsified by external influences, such as superimposed external magnetic fields or electromagnetically interspersed pulses. In particular, it is kri ¬ table when the speed signal 11 is a lower speed of the turbo shaft 8, as the actual existing rotation ¬ number of the turbo shaft 8. This could lead to the total Zer- disturbance of the turbocharger 1, since the control unit 9 no pulse for Emptying opening of the waste gate valve, which is further accelerated with sufficient exhaust gas stream 4 the running gear. To prevent this, the speed signal is evaluated according to its duty cycle.

Figur 2 bis 7 zeigen das aus dem Drehzahlsignal 11 abgeleite¬ te Spannungssignal U in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t. Anstelle der Spannung U kann durchaus auch die Stromstärke dargestellt sein. Beim Drehzahlsignal 11 nach Figur 2 befinden sich im zeitlichen Mittel genauso viele Pulse unterhalb eines kon¬ stanten Spannungswertes C wie oberhalb dieses konstanten Spannungswertes C. Das Tastverhältnis ist die Zeit in Prozent angeben, in der sich ein Signal oberhalb eines Schwellwertes befindet .Figures 2 to 7 show the abgeleite from the speed signal 11 ¬ th voltage signal U as a function of time t. Instead of the voltage U, the current strength may well be represented. When the speed signal 11 of Figure 2 are located in the time average, the same number of pulses below a kon ¬ constants voltage value C as above this constant voltage value C. The duty cycle is the percentage of time indicate that a signal is above a threshold.

Da nach Figur 2 die Signalpulse 13 im zeitlichen Mittel ge- nauso oft unterhalb dieses Schwellwertes C wie oberhalb des Schwellwertes C zu finden sind, liegt hier ein Tastverhältnis von 50 % vor. Dies ist ein ideales Tastverhältnis und ein Drehzahlsignal 11 mit diesem Tastverhältnis wird als fehler¬ frei bewertet . In Figur 3 hat sich das Tastverhältnis etwas verschoben, was zum Beispiel durch ein störendes äußeres Mag¬ netfeld am Drehzahlsensor 6 verursacht werden kann. Das Tastverhältnis hat sich verschlechtert, so dass nur etwa 25 % der gemessenen Zeit die Signalpulse 13 oberhalb des Schwellwertes C zu finden sind. In Figur 4 stellt sich die umgekehrte Situ- ation da, hier befinden sich die Signalpulse 13 zu etwa 75 % der Zeit oberhalb der Konstanten C. Diese beiden Signale könnten noch als fehlerfrei bewertet werden.Since, according to FIG. 2, the signal pulses 13 are to be found in the time average just as often below this threshold value C as above the threshold value C, a duty cycle of 50% is present here. This is an ideal duty cycle and a rotational speed signal 11 with this duty cycle is rated as fault-free ¬. In Figure 3, the duty cycle has shifted slightly, which can be caused by a disturbing outer Mag ¬ net field on the speed sensor 6, for example. The duty cycle has deteriorated, so that only about 25% of the measured time, the signal pulses 13 can be found above the threshold value C. In FIG. 4, the reverse situation arises, in which case the signal pulses 13 are above the constant C approximately 75% of the time. These two signals could still be rated as error-free.

In Figur 5 und 6 hat sich die Situation jedoch soweit ver- schoben, dass das Tastverhältnis in Figur 5 etwa bei 10 % liegt und in Figur 6 etwa bei 90 %. Diese beiden Signale wür¬ den als fehlerhaft bewertet werden, worauf hin die Drehzahl des Laufzeuges soweit reduziert werden würde, dass eine Zer¬ störung des Turboladers 1 ausgeschlossen ist. Dazu steuert das Steuergerät 9 das Waste-Gate-Ventil 12 soweit auf, dass auch bei maximalem Abgasstrom 4 das Laufzeug die Drehzahlobergrenze nicht überschreitet. Alternativ kann bei VTG La¬ dern auch die Geometrie des Turbinenrades vom Steuergerät 9 derart verändert werden, dass der maximale Abgasstrom 4 das Laufzeug nicht über die Drehzahlgrenze des Turboladers 1 be¬ schleunigen kann.In FIGS. 5 and 6, however, the situation has shifted so far that the duty cycle in FIG. 5 is approximately 10% and in FIG. 6 approximately 90%. Whereupon the speed of the rotating parts would be reduced to the extent that a cer ¬ failure of the turbocharger is excluded 1 These two signals Wür ¬ to be considered faulty. For this purpose, the control unit 9 controls the wastegate valve 12 so far that even at maximum exhaust gas flow 4, the rotor does not exceed the speed limit. Alternatively, in VTG La ¬ countries, the geometry of the turbine wheel from the control unit 9 can be changed so that the maximum exhaust gas flow 4 can not accelerate 1 ¬ be on the speed limit of the turbocharger, the rotor assembly.

Eine weitere Form der Erkennung eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals 11 ist im Diagramm der Figur 7 dargestellt. Die Sig- nalpulse 13 des Drehzahlsignals 11 sind zeitlich streng peri¬ odisch, womit das Ausbleiben eines Pulses 14 leicht festge¬ stellt werden kann. Dazu ist eine Zeitmessung erforderlich, die an die Pulsfolge des Drehzahlsignals 11 gekoppelt ist und die das Ausbleiben eines Pulses 14 feststellt. Auch mit die¬ sem Verfahren zur Auswertung des Drehzahlsignals 11 kann das Steuergerät 9 ein fehlerhaftes Drehzahlsignal 11 erkennen und durch das Ansteuern des Waste-Gate-Ventils 12 ein Überdrehen des Laufzeuges verhindern. Another form of detection of a faulty speed signal 11 is shown in the diagram of FIG. The signal pulses 13 of the rotational speed signal 11 are strictly periodic peri ¬ odisch, whereby the absence of a pulse 14 can be easily Festge ¬ provides. This requires a time measurement which is coupled to the pulse train of the speed signal 11 and detects the absence of a pulse 14. Even with the ¬ sem method for evaluating the speed signal 11, the controller 9 can detect a faulty speed signal 11 and prevent by driving the waste gate valve 12 overspeeding of the running tool.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims 1. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8), die in einem Abgasturbolader (1) drehbar gelagert ist, wobei an der Turbowelle (8) ein ein Magnetfeld variie¬ rendes Element (10) ausgebildet ist, welches das Magnet¬ feld proportional zu der Turbowellendrehzahl variiert, und ein Sensor (6) vorgesehen ist, der die Variation des Magnetfeldes erfasst und in ein elektronisches Drehzahl- signal (11) umwandelt, da du r c h g e k e n n ¬ z e i c h n e t , dass zu der Erkennung eines fehlerhaf¬ ten Drehzahlsignals (11) das Tastverhältnis des Dreh¬ zahlsignals (11) ausgewertet wird und beim Vorliegen ei¬ nes fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals (11) die Drehzahl der Turbowelle (8) so weit reduziert wird, dass eine Zerstö¬ rung des Abgasturboladers (1) durch eine Überschreitung seiner Höchstdrehzahl ausgeschlossen ist.1. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) which is rotatably mounted in an exhaust gas turbocharger (1), wherein on the turbo shaft (8) a magnetic field variie ¬ rendes element (10) is formed, which the magnetic ¬ field proportional to the Turbo shaft speed varies, and a sensor (6) is provided, which detects the variation of the magnetic field and in an electronic speed signal (11), since you rchgekenn ¬ records that for the detection of a errone ¬ th speed signal (11) the duty cycle the rotary ¬ is evaluated speed signal (11) and the rotational speed of the turboshaft (8) in the presence of egg ¬ nes defective speed signal (11) so far reduced that a destruc ¬ tion of the exhaust gas turbocharger (1) is excluded by exceeding its maximum speed. 2. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8), die in einem Abgasturbolader (1) drehbar gelagert ist, wobei an der Turbowelle (8) ein ein Magnetfeld variie¬ rendes Element (10) ausgebildet ist, welches das Magnet¬ feld proportional zu der Turbowellendrehzahl variiert, und ein Sensor (6) vorgesehen ist, der die Variation des Magnetfeldes erfasst und in ein elektronisches Drehzahl¬ signal (11) umwandelt, da du r c h g e k e n n ¬ z e i c h n e t , dass das Drehzahlsignal (11) als feh¬ lerhaft eingestuft wird, wenn in der Pulsfolge einzelne Signalpulse (14) ausbleiben und beim Vorliegen eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals (11) die Drehzahl der Tur¬ bowelle (8) so weit reduziert wird, dass eine Zerstörung des Abgasturboladers (1) durch eine Überschreitung sei¬ ner Höchstdrehzahl ausgeschlossen ist.2. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) which is rotatably mounted in an exhaust gas turbocharger (1), wherein on the turbo shaft (8) a magnetic field variie ¬ rendes element (10) is formed, which the magnetic ¬ field proportional to the Turbo shaft speed varies, and a sensor (6) is provided which detects the variation of the magnetic field and converts it into an electronic speed ¬ signal (11), as you rchgekenn ¬ records that the speed signal (11) is classified as errone ¬ lerhaft if in the pulse train individual signal pulses (14) fail and in the presence of a faulty speed signal (11) the speed of Tur ¬ bowelle (8) is so far reduced that destruction of the exhaust gas turbocharger (1) is excluded by exceeding sei¬ ner maximum speed. 3. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, da du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Sensor (6) als Hall-Sensor ausgebildet ist. 3. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 1 or 2, since you rchgekennzeichnet that the sensor (6) is designed as a Hall sensor. 4. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Sensor (6) als magnetoresiti- ver Sensor ausgebildet ist.4. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor (6) is designed as a magnetoresistive sensor. 5. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Sensor (6) als induktiver Sensor ausgebildet ist .5. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 1 or 2, d a c h e c e n e c e s in that the sensor (6) is designed as an inductive sensor. 6. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, da du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass beim Vorliegen eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals (11) das Steuergerät (9) das Waste-Gate- Ventil (12) so weit öffnet, dass der verbleibende Abgas¬ strom (4) das Turbinenrad nur bis zur Höchstdrehzahl des Abgasturboladers beschleunigen kann.6. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 1 or 2, since you rchgekennzeichnet that in the presence of a faulty speed signal (11), the controller (9) the waste gate valve (12) opens so far that the remaining Exhaust ¬ stream (4) can accelerate the turbine only up to the maximum speed of the exhaust gas turbocharger. 7. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, da du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass beim Vorliegen eines fehlerhaften Drehzahlsignals (11) das Steuergerät (9) die Geometrie der Turbinenblätter so einstellt, dass der maximale Ab¬ gasstrom (4) das Turbinenrad nur bis zur Höchstdrehzahl des Abgasturboladers beschleunigen kann.7. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 1 or 2, since you rchgekennzeichnet that in the presence of a faulty speed signal (11), the control unit (9) sets the geometry of the turbine blades so that the maximum Ab ¬ gas flow (4) the turbine wheel can only accelerate up to the maximum speed of the turbocharger. 8. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 1, d a du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass das Drehzahlsignal (11) dann als fehler- frei eingestuft wird, wenn sich das Tastverhältnis in einem vorher festgelegten Bereich befindet.8. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 1, characterized in that the speed signal (11) is classified as error-free when the duty cycle is in a predetermined range. 9. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 3, da du r c h g e k e n n z e i c h - n e t , dass der Sensor (6) als Hall-Sensor mit festge¬ legtem Signalnullpunkt ausgebildet ist. 9. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 3, since you rchgekennzeich- net, that the sensor (6) is designed as a Hall sensor with Festge ¬ set signal zero point. 10. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Sensor (6) als Hall-Sensor mit flie¬ ßendem Signalnullpunkt ausgebildet ist.10. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 3, characterized in that the sensor (6) is designed as a Hall sensor with flowing ¬ ßendem signal zero point. 11. Verfahren zur Drehzahlüberwachung einer Turbowelle (8) nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t , dass der Sensor (6) als Differenz-Hall-Sensor ausgebildet ist. 11. A method for monitoring the speed of a turbo shaft (8) according to claim 3, characterized in that the sensor (6) is designed as a differential Hall sensor.
PCT/EP2006/066208 2005-09-22 2006-09-11 Method for monitoring a turboshaft rotational speed Ceased WO2007033914A1 (en)

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FR2987085A1 (en) * 2012-02-20 2013-08-23 Snecma METHOD FOR SECURING THE OPERATION OF A TURBOMACHINE
US12341238B2 (en) 2020-03-06 2025-06-24 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Tunnel diode-based backscattering RFID system
CN120820223A (en) * 2025-09-17 2025-10-21 成都航昇机电有限责任公司 A self-diagnosis method for turbine flow sensor based on square wave signal

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DE102012024078A1 (en) 2012-12-07 2014-06-12 Daimler Ag Exhaust gas turbocharger for internal combustion engine, particularly otto engines and diesel engines, has shaft, rotor disk rotationally fixed with shaft, rotor rotating around rotational axis and detecting unit with acceleration sensor

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WO2008025754A1 (en) * 2006-08-30 2008-03-06 Continental Automotive Gmbh Waste gate actuator for an exhaust gas turbocharger
JP2010501787A (en) * 2006-08-30 2010-01-21 コンチネンタル オートモーティヴ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング Wastegate actuator for exhaust turbocharger
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US12341238B2 (en) 2020-03-06 2025-06-24 Georgia Tech Research Corporation Tunnel diode-based backscattering RFID system
CN120820223A (en) * 2025-09-17 2025-10-21 成都航昇机电有限责任公司 A self-diagnosis method for turbine flow sensor based on square wave signal

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