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WO2007009611A1 - Procede et dispositif pour refroidir et/ou liquefier un fluide - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour refroidir et/ou liquefier un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007009611A1
WO2007009611A1 PCT/EP2006/006637 EP2006006637W WO2007009611A1 WO 2007009611 A1 WO2007009611 A1 WO 2007009611A1 EP 2006006637 W EP2006006637 W EP 2006006637W WO 2007009611 A1 WO2007009611 A1 WO 2007009611A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
refrigerant
exchanger system
cycle compressor
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2006/006637
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Hecht
Dieter Mihailowitsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde GmbH
Original Assignee
Linde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Priority to DE112006001815T priority Critical patent/DE112006001815A5/de
Publication of WO2007009611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007009611A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to NO20080851A priority patent/NO20080851L/no
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0298—Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/022—Compressor control arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/06—Damage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/02—Compressor control
    • F25B2600/026—Compressor control by controlling unloaders
    • F25B2600/0261—Compressor control by controlling unloaders external to the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/02—Recycle of a stream in general, e.g. a by-pass stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
    • F25J2280/20—Control for stopping, deriming or defrosting after an emergency shut-down of the installation or for back up system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Refrigeration circuits for cooling or liquefying a fluid are used in many fields of technology.
  • a refrigerant a pure substance or a refrigerant mixture can be used.
  • heat is removed from the fluid by indirect heat exchange with the refrigerant.
  • a concrete application example of such refrigeration cycles is natural gas liquefaction.
  • the "heat exchanger system” may be formed by one or more pressure vessels.
  • the one or more pressure vessels may in turn comprise one or more heat exchanger blocks or bundles.
  • the heat exchanger system is formed by a single plate heat exchanger block; the other extreme would be a complicated system on a variety of different types of heat exchangers, such as a combination of plate heat exchangers and wound heat exchangers.
  • the invention has for its object to make the operation of the method described above more stable. This object is achieved in a first variant of the invention in that the refrigerant flow downstream of the indirect heat exchange in the heat exchanger system and upstream of the compression in the cycle compressor is passed through a heat accumulator which is arranged in the refrigerant return line.
  • heat storage is here understood any device that serves to transfer heat (or cold) from a first stream to a second stream, with the first and second streams flowing at different times through the heat storage.
  • Heat storage are often referred to as regenerators and are described, for example, in the VDI-Wärmeatlas, 6th edition 1991, section “heat transfer in regenerators” or in Helmuth Hausen, heat transfer in countercurrent, direct current and cross-flow, 1976, page 259 et seq.
  • Such a heat accumulator may for example be constructed of straight tubes through which the respective current flows, wherein the metal of the tube wall is the heat storage mass.
  • Bypass line also flows into the low pressure part of the circuit, in particular in the heat exchanger system. This effect has received little attention so far.
  • the heat storage of the invention is withdrawn in stationary operation as long as heat until the heat storage mass is the same temperature as the has flowing fluid, which, as already mentioned brings the process itself no advantage.
  • the bypass line to the inlet of the cycle compressor is opened during a malfunction of the compressor, the very hot gas does not flow directly into the heat exchanger system, but gives off some of its heat to the heat storage.
  • the resulting temperature reduction significantly reduces the temperature stresses in the heat exchanger system. Disturbances of the stationary process due to excessive stress on the heat exchanger system can thus be effectively counteracted; the process is more stable in the long term.
  • the closable bypass line which is opened in case of a malfunction of the cycle compressor and is passed through the refrigerant from the outlet of the cycle compressor to its inlet, opens between the heat storage and inlet of the cycle compressor in the refrigerant return line.
  • the heat accumulator is arranged in the bypass line.
  • the heat storage is not or not completely flowed through by the refrigerant flow. This has the advantage that no additional pressure loss occurs during steady-state operation. Although the heat storage can therefore not be cooled to the low temperature, but has approximately ambient temperature. In many cases, however, this is sufficient to ensure effective protection of the heat exchanger system from elevated temperature stresses.
  • the heat exchanger system comprises at least one plate heat exchanger, in particular a brazed aluminum plate heat exchanger, and / or at least one wound heat exchanger, and at least a portion of the refrigerant flow is passed through the plate heat exchanger or through the wound heat exchanger.
  • the fluid that is cooled and / or liquefied may be formed by a hydrocarbonaceous stream, such as natural gas or another refrigerant, which in turn is used for natural gas liquefaction in another heat exchanger system.
  • a hydrocarbonaceous stream such as natural gas or another refrigerant
  • Particularly favorable is the application of the invention in natural gas liquefaction, that is, when the indirect heat exchange in the heat exchanger system, natural gas is at least partially liquefied.
  • refrigeration cycles have one or more separators (phase separator) between the outlet of the refrigerant passages from the heat exchanger system and the inlet of the cycle compressor.
  • phase separator phase separator
  • the invention also relates to a device for cooling and / or liquefying a fluid according to the claims 10 to 13 and an application according to claim 14.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the first variant of the invention. Natural gas 1 through a heat exchanger system 2 and is cooled there by indirect heat exchange and liquefied. Liquefied natural gas is withdrawn via line 3 from the heat exchanger system.
  • a refrigerant flow 4 occurs in the heat exchanger system 2 in indirect heat exchange with the natural gas and is passed via a refrigerant return line 5a, 5b to a cycle compressor 6.
  • the compressed refrigerant is in a Refrigerant liquefier 7 is cooled and liquefied, expanded in a throttle valve 8 and finally fed via line 4 back to the heat exchanger system.
  • a heat accumulator 9 is arranged in the refrigerant return line 5a, 5b.
  • a bypass line 10 is closed during stationary operation by means of a bypass valve 11.
  • the bypass valve 11 is opened and hot refrigerant from the outlet of the cycle compressor 6 is introduced into the portion 5b of the refrigerant return line, ie between
  • One or more separators may also be located between the heat accumulator 9 and the cycle compressor 6 (not shown in the drawing), which may be arranged both upstream and downstream of the junction of the bypass line 10.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the second variant of the invention.
  • the heat storage 9 'in the bypass line 10.
  • This has the advantage that no additional pressure loss occurs during operation.
  • the disadvantage is that the heat accumulator 9 is not flowed through in stationary operation and thus has approximately the ambient temperature. In some cases, however, this may be sufficient.
  • the disadvantage can be mitigated by an additional, small connecting line 12, as shown in Figure 3.
  • the line 12 is arranged between the valve 11 and inlet of the cycle compressor 6, that even in steady state operation, a small partial flow of the refrigerant flows through the heat accumulator 9 'and thus this cools. When opening the valve 11, most of the backflow flows through the heat accumulator 9 and is cooled.
  • the heat accumulator 9 of FIG. 1 could also be a separator, in which, for example, fins are incorporated to improve the separation effect. These fins can also serve as a heat storage in a backflow.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif utilisés pour refroidir et/ou liquéfier un fluide. Ledit fluide (1) est placé dans un système échangeur de chaleur (2), en échange thermique indirect avec au moins un courant d'agent réfrigérant (4). Le courant d'agent réfrigérant est guidé dans un circuit de refroidissement. Dans ce circuit, il est guidé, par l'intermédiaire d'une conduite de retour d'agent réfrigérant (5a, 5b), disposée en aval de l'échange de chaleur indirect dans le système échangeur de chaleur, jusqu'à l'entrée d'un compresseur du circuit de refroidissement (6). Ledit agent réfrigérant est comprimé dans le compresseur du circuit de refroidissement (6) et refroidi (7), au moins en partie, détendu (8) et renvoyé dans le système échangeur de chaleur. Le courant d'agent réfrigérant est guidé par un accumulateur de chaleur (9), en aval de l'échange de chaleur indirect dans le système échangeur de chaleur (6) et en amont de la compression dans le compresseur de circuit (6), Ledit accumulateur de chaleur étant disposé dans la conduite de retour de l'agent réfrigérant (5a, 5b).
PCT/EP2006/006637 2005-07-19 2006-07-06 Procede et dispositif pour refroidir et/ou liquefier un fluide Ceased WO2007009611A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE112006001815T DE112006001815A5 (de) 2005-07-19 2006-07-06 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen und/oder Verflüssigen eines Fluids
NO20080851A NO20080851L (no) 2005-07-19 2008-02-18 Fremgangsmate og innretning for kjoling og/eller kondensering av et fluid

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510034225 DE102005034225A1 (de) 2005-07-19 2005-07-19 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Abkühlen und/oder Verflüssigen eines Fluids
DE102005034225.6 2005-07-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007009611A1 true WO2007009611A1 (fr) 2007-01-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2006/006637 Ceased WO2007009611A1 (fr) 2005-07-19 2006-07-06 Procede et dispositif pour refroidir et/ou liquefier un fluide

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (2) DE102005034225A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20080851L (fr)
WO (1) WO2007009611A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855810A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-12-24 Linde Ag One flow cascade cycle with buffer volume bypass
JPH05280696A (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 都市ガスの液化・気化方法および装置
JP2000146328A (ja) * 1998-11-16 2000-05-26 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍空調装置
DE202004002160U1 (de) * 2004-02-12 2004-04-22 Hombücher, Heinz-Dieter Vorrichtung zur Regelung einer konstanten Vorlauftemperatur
WO2004054827A1 (fr) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Installation de climatisation conçue en particulier pour des vehicules automobiles
EP1498670A2 (fr) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-19 General Electric Company Système et procédé de refroidissement cryogénique avec un accumulateur de froid
WO2005028225A1 (fr) * 2003-09-10 2005-03-31 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Circuit de refrigerant d'une installation de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile, installation de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile et son mode de fonctionnement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855810A (en) * 1972-02-11 1974-12-24 Linde Ag One flow cascade cycle with buffer volume bypass
JPH05280696A (ja) * 1992-03-31 1993-10-26 Osaka Gas Co Ltd 都市ガスの液化・気化方法および装置
JP2000146328A (ja) * 1998-11-16 2000-05-26 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍空調装置
WO2004054827A1 (fr) * 2002-12-16 2004-07-01 Daimlerchrysler Ag Installation de climatisation conçue en particulier pour des vehicules automobiles
EP1498670A2 (fr) * 2003-07-18 2005-01-19 General Electric Company Système et procédé de refroidissement cryogénique avec un accumulateur de froid
WO2005028225A1 (fr) * 2003-09-10 2005-03-31 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Circuit de refrigerant d'une installation de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile, installation de climatisation d'un vehicule automobile et son mode de fonctionnement
DE202004002160U1 (de) * 2004-02-12 2004-04-22 Hombücher, Heinz-Dieter Vorrichtung zur Regelung einer konstanten Vorlauftemperatur

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ONAKA M ET AL: "USE OF PLATE FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS FOR MAIN CRYOGENIC EXCHANGER UNITS", LNG JOURNAL, NELTON PUBLICATIONS, GRAVESEND, GB, January 1997 (1997-01-01), pages 17 - 19, XP001181040, ISSN: 1365-4314 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 08 6 October 2000 (2000-10-06) *
ZECKENDORF A ET AL: "DESIGN, SIMULATION CREATE LOW SURGE, LOW COST GAS-INJECTION COMPRESSOR", OIL AND GAS JOURNAL, PENNWELL, HOUSTON, TX, US, vol. 93, no. 3, 16 January 1995 (1995-01-16), pages 57 - 62, XP000504358, ISSN: 0030-1388 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20080851L (no) 2008-02-18
DE102005034225A1 (de) 2007-01-25
DE112006001815A5 (de) 2008-05-21

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