WO2007063569A1

WO2007063569A1 - Rotary volumetric vane machine

Info

Publication number: WO2007063569A1
Application number: PCT/IT2006/000799
Authority: WO
Inventors: Italo Contiero
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2005-12-01
Filing date: 2006-11-16
Publication date: 2007-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2008-06-01
Also published as: ITVE20050058A1; WO2007063569B1; EP1991760A1

Abstract

Rotary volumetric machine, with one transmission shaft (5) connected to one rotor which is composed, at least, of one dislocator (2) sliding in the transmission shaft (5) inside a diametric rectilinear gas-tight guide (4), the dislocator (2) has bases and heads in contact with one right cylinder (10). contained in one stator (1) and defines at least two chambers (66, 68) in the cylinder (10) wherein the trace of the lateral surface of the cylinder (10), on a Section plane T orthogonal to the cylinder (10) and to the rotation axis O of the transmission shaft of the rotor, is constituted of a simple closed plane curve (10), the points L (x, y) of which are defined in Cartesian coordinates x, y by the equations x = j + r cos (β) y = k + r sin (β) referring to a system of orthogonal Cartesian axes X, Yl with origin in the trace of the rotation axis 0, where j = g (θ) cos (θ) k = g (S) sin (θ) are Cartesian coordinates that define a rotoid curve Rn=2.

Description

ROTARY VOLUMETRIC VANE MACHINE

The present invention regards a rotary volumetric machine with a dislocator as rotor.

Rotary volumetric machines comprising a stator, with a cavity in the shape of a right cylinder closed by two bases or "flanks" containing a rotor, with a shape of a right prism, with bases and n vertexes always in contact with the inner surface of the stator cylinder.

The rotor is connected to a transmission shaft supported by the flanks, it has n equal vertexes and n equal sides that can be articulated one another.

Each side of the rotor defines, with the stator cylinder and the flanks, one chamber of variable volume.

The rotary volumetric machine, according to this invention, is of the type with a rotor of two vertexes, n= 2 , here named "dislocator".

The dislocator is a right solid that moves diametrically crossing a transmission shaft; has parallel plane bases and two lateral parallel "sides" joined to equal cylindrical surfaces or "heads". It rotates with bases and heads always in contact with the stator cylinder and slides in a rectilinear guide, crossing the transmission shaft diametrically.

The dislocator, with the cylinder and the stator flanks, defines two chambers of variable volume, which revolve and dislocate simultaneously two volumes of a fluid, from an intake port to a exhaust port by revolving in unidirectional motion.

Rotary volumetric machines with a dislocator as rotor are particularly advantageous as engines, motors and operating machines, being simple to build and service.

In European patent n 0 187 148 of same applicant a rotary machine is described with a stator cylinder mathematically defined by transforming a given plane simple and closed curve, by means of an appropriate transformation law.

In curves generated with this transformation, named rotoids Rn, a mathematical property called invariance W is introduced. These rotoids are curves passing through cyclic points; rather, they are geometric loci of n vertexes of n polygons with n sides of length constant W.

Constants n, W are included in the transformation law.

In the case of n=2 , the solution suggested by EP O 187 148 is algebraic and refers to a machine with a transmission shaft crossing one dislocator.

The application of the teaching given by that patent meets difficulties in order to apply the mathematical principle into same concrete cases.

In general theory, the rotor is described properly as n-polygon with n articulated equal sides with punctiform vertexes always in contact with the trace of the stator cylinder projected on a section plane r orthogonal both to the cylinder and to rotation axis O of the transmission shaft. However, in concrete the rotor vertexes, in section, are circumferences or arcs of circumference of equal radius r, r > 0 , which form the n heads and can radius the n sides to one another.

Consequently, the points of contact, between the rotor heads and the stator cylinder, belong to a curve different from the rotoid curve Rn , that curve envelops externally the rotor heads.

That's way, in EP 0 187 148, the cylindrical cavity of the stator is defined as the surface of the external envelope of the cylindrical surfaces of the vertexes of the rotor. Stator cylinder, in some cases, is made without difficulties by using only a rotoid curve. In other cases this cylinder cannot be easily built, and this fact causes great difficulties, especially if machine tools with CAD-CAM systems are used, that need of coordinates, to define the points of the stator cylinder, with adequate precision to realise a stator gas-tight with rotor.

One purpose of this invention is to define mathematically the geometrical coordinates of points belongings to a external surface enveloping the heads of a rotating dislocator, to draw and build, with great precision, stator cylinders of rotary volumetric machines with a dislocator as rotor (n = 2).

The other purpose of this invention is to propose advantageous embodiments of a rotary volumetric machine with one or more dislocators as, for example, exothermic and endothermic machines, engines and motors in general, with operative cycles of work of new conception

All these purposes and others, that will appear from description in the following, are realized by means of a rotary volumetric machine, with one transmission shaft connected to one rotor which is composed, at least, of one dislocator sliding in the transmission shaft inside a diametric rectilinear gas-tight guide, the dislocator has bases and heads in contact with one right cylinder contained in one stator, and defines at least two chambers in the cylinder, characterized in that: the trace of the lateral surface of the cylinder, on a section plane T orthogonal both to the cylinder and the rotation axis O of the transmission shaft of the rotor, is constitute of a plane simple and closed curve, the points L (x, y) of which are defined by the orthogonal Cartesian coordinates x, y given by the equations: x = j + r cos (β) y = k + r sin (β) which refer to a system of orthogonal Cartesian axes X₁Y with origin in the trace of the rotation axis O , where j = g (θ) cos (θ) k = g(θ) sin (θ) are Cartesian coordinates that define a rotoid curve Rn= 2 , the point Q (j, k) of which are the centres of circumferences of radius r of the two heads of the dislocator in rotation, said centres are referred also to a polar system with pole in O, the polar axis coincides with the axis of the abscissas X, modulus g (θ) = OQ, anomaly .θ = XOg , and wherein β is the angle between the axis of the abscissas X and the right line joining one centre Q (g,θ) with the correspondent point of contact L (x, y) of dislocator head with the stator surface, and r = QL .

The present invention is here below further explained with some of the favourite types of practical realization and application as examples not limitative referring to the figures of drawings herewith enclosed.

Figs 1a, 1b and 1c show three consecutive steps of a geometric construction of a envelope curve which defines-a stator cylinder of a machine according to invention. Fig. 2 shows a cross section of plane IV-IV of fig.4 of a machine according to invention.

Fig. 3 shows a prospect of a machine of the type shows in fig.2. Fig. 4 shows one side of the machine in fιg.3. Fig. 5 shows the machine of fig.2 with a dislocator of second type. Fig. 6 shows the machine of fig.2 with a dislocator of third type. Fig. 7 shows the machine of fig 2 with a dislocator of fourth type. Fig. 8 shows the sequence of the phases of the operative cycle of an endothermic four-stroke engine, according to invention, referring to fig.5. Fig. 9 shows the scheme of a machine and operative cycle of an embodiment as endothermic two-stroke engine. Fig. 10 shows the section of a device inserted in one stator flank for reversing the rotation of a rotary machine, according to the invention. Fig. 11 shows a partial front of a twin-parabolic-cylindrical solar collector for high temperatures with a double solar concentration and with an incorporated boiler to feed also an exothermic engine, according to the invention. Fig. 12 shows an enlarged transversal section of the boiler incorporated in the solar collector of fig 11. *

The machine, according to the invention, illustrated in figs 2, 3, and 4, comprises one stator 1 in which the transmission shaft 5, enlarged in the shape of a "drum" 3, has one rectilinear cavity of guide 4,crossing diametrically. The guide 4 has an appropriate section for dislocator (2) sliding, gas-tight, orthogonal to the rotation axis O of the transmission shaft 5. The axis of rotation of the dislocator coincides with the axis O, and is parallel to the generatrix right lines of the cylindrical heads of the dislocator 2 and the generatrix right line of the cylinder 10.

Dislocator has parallel bases always in contact with the stator flanks 22, 23, fig.4, its heads are constitute of right cylinders with circular bases of radius r, which have axes of symmetry that intersect the section and reference plane r respectively in points Qi = Q (g,θ ) , Q₃ ~ Q (g, θ +π) .

Plane T coincides with the section plane IV-IV of fig.4. Generatrix right line of one cylindrical head of dislocator has trace on plane r in a point L (x, y), this head has circular base of radius r centred in one point Q (g,θ) , than QL = r .

In fig.2, the two lateral plane parallel walls of dislocator (2), or better, the dislocator sides, are orthogonal to the plane r, joined with the heads, and, with the stator flanks 22,23 fig.4, delimitate in the stator cylinderiO two chambers 66, 68.The drum 3, coaxial to shaft 5, delimitates the vplumes of chambers 66,68 and can work as flywheel.

The intake port 30 and exhaust port 28 are in correspondence with the heads of the dislocator where chambers 66 and 68 are defined so that a maximal or a useful difference of volume is, according to embodiment. In fig. 4, the flanks 22,23, orthogonal to axis O support transmission shaft 5 and have internal plane surfaces in contact with dislocator bases. In fig.2 on section plane T₁ the trace of stator cylinder externally enveloping dislocator heads rotating round axis O, is the curve 10.

On reference plane r generatrix of stator cylinder 10 coincides with generatrix of dislocator heads and has one trace coinciding in point L (x, y) of curve 10.

Descriptions follow of the geometric generation of a rotoid curve Rn=2, and of definition of points L (x, y) of curve envelope 10 of a stator in Cartesian coordinates. The coordinates x, y allow to program machine tools CAD-CAM type in order to draw and to build stator cylinders with great precision. Therefore, on reference plane r the stator curve 10 envelopes a family of circumferences of radius r with centres in points Q (g,θ) on a rotoid curve Rn=2 , which is defined starting from any closed, simple and plane curve. The teaching of EP 0187148 consists in the general law of transformation of a plane, simple and closed curve into a rotoid curve Rn=2. This law was published only in the algebraic form: g (* ) = W f (δ) / w (a)

Referring to the plane r , figs 1a and 1b, on which is a reference system with polar axis X and pole O, in which: f is modulus and fOX = θ anomaly. Given a circumference 14 of radius R with centre Oi distant e from pole O , the segment OOi = e is orthogonal to axis X , R > e ≠ 0 .

In fig 1a, a right line f, crossing pole O with anomaly θ, intersects the circumference 14 in two points Fi, F₃ ; since Fi F₃ (θ) = w (θ) OFi = f(θ) and OF₃ (Q+π) = f (θ+π) ; if g (θ) is the polar radius of a curve 12 with invariance W, it is proved that :

O Fi f (θ) g (S) = W = W (1)

F₁ F₃ w (β)

Curve 12 , of fig.1b, is the geometrical locus of points Qi ,Q₃ , respectively defined by the moduli and anomalies: g(,θ), θ ; g (θ+π), θ + π O < θ < 2π .

Since g (θ) = g (θ+2π) , equation (1) defines a closed curve, and further 9 (&) + g (θ + π) = W being one constant, equation (1) defines one rotoid curve Rn=2 .

In fact, if a straight line h crosses ^O₁ perpendicular to the segment OFi = f, fig 1a , h intersects f in point H , since f (θ) = F₁ H + HO w (θ) = f (θ) + f (S + π) then f (S) = V R² - e²cos²(θ) + e sin (S) w (S) = 2 V R² - e²cos²(θ) by substituting in equation (1), polar radius g (S) is defined :

W [VR² - e² cos² (S) + e sin (S)] _o /q\ = __ (2)

2 V R² - e² cos² (S)

Since g (S) = Qi O , g (S + π) = Q₃ O , equation (2) defines curve 12, on which centres Q-i, Q₃ , of dislocator heads are. In fact the length of segment ^• Qi Q3 = g (θ)+g (θ+π) = W is a constant, independent from anomaly θ .

The invariance W is the geometric property which characterizes this type of rotoid curves Rn , with QiOQ₃ = λ = π and n = 2 π/λ = 2 .

Referring to figs 1b, 1a, the description of the geometrical generation of the rotoid curve 12, by transforming one circumference 14, follows.

To every polar radius f (θ), to trace one right line t crossing pole O to include angle t ό f = α = π / 2 .

In general with n ≠ 2 λ = 2 π / n , only in this case, (n =2), angle α is introduced to solve this geometrical construction; this expedient gives the result searched, but it is one exception.

Geometrical generation of a rotoid curve Rn=2 is different from the other generations of rotoids with invariance W published in EP 0187 148 , however, the general law of transformation (1) is valid. With compass centred in F₁ , the point T is intercepted on straight line t , since segments Fi F₃ , FiT are equal.

On right line u , parallel to the right line FiT₁ is the segment, T1Q1 = W constant with one extreme Ti on line t and the other Qi on half right line OF1; finally the segment QiQ₃ = W is supported on f .

Point Qi of polar coordinates g(θ), θ belongs to the rotoid curve 12, because the two triangles F₁OT and QiOT₁ are similar, hence following equalities are valid:

FiO(S) g (θ) = Q₁O(S) = W g (S) = W f(S) / w(θ)

F₁ F₂(S) »

Also point Q₃ of polar coordinates g φ+π), B+π belongs to curve 12 because g (θ) + g (θ+π) = W constant, hence points Qi, Q3 belong to one rotoid curve Rn= 2 for definition.

Fig.1c shows, geometric generation of a curve 10 enveloping dislocator heads of radius r centred in points Q (g, θ) of a rotoid curve 12 in broken line.

The motion of the dislocator 2, on reference plane r, is associated to the motion of the segment QiQ₃, referring to a system of orthogonal Cartesians axes X₁Y with origin in O . The motion of this segment is rigid and plane than Eulero's theorem is valid: translation of segment points and all those rigidly connected to it, with respect to its instantaneous rotation centre I, at every instant is of rotating or translating type.

Trajectories of two points of dislocator 2, at every instant, are given: pole

0 (0, 0) , and centre C of dislocator Q-i Q₃ . The instantaneous centre of rotation

1 (v, z) is determined by Chasles theorem.

The centre I (v, 2) is the intersection point between the right line s', fig.1c, perpendicular to the trajectory 13 of the centre C of the dislocator, and the_. right line t orthogonal to the right line f in pole O. The right line s' is perpendicular to the tangent s in point C of the trajectory-13 CQ₁ = CQ₃ = W/2 .

Therefore coordinates v, 2 of rotation centre I are defined by solving the equation system of the right lines s' and t . .

Curve 13, of the dislocator centre C, is defined by using the property of invariance W of the equation (2), since

CO = p (θ) P (S) = g (S) - W/2 0 < θ < 2π p (S) = W e sin (θ) / (2 V R² - e² cos² (S) ) (3) equation (3) defines the trajectory of dislocator centre C (p, S) . Then equation (2) can assume also the form: g (θ) = p (θ) + W /2 (4) hence the rotoid curve (12) defined by the equations (2) and (4) is a conchoid curve with a further propriety of invariance S defined by the equation:

S = [g (θ) W/2] + [g (S + π) W/2] = W²/2 S is the constant area of a family of quadrilateral polygons Q₁CbQsCU that, for any θ, has diagonals of equal length W orthogonal to one another in pole

0 fig.1b. \

Curve 13, defined by the equation (3), will be here called "pearl" figs 1b, 1c and 2. In Cartesian coordinates equation (3) is:

4 (R² -e² ) x⁴ + 4 (2R² -e² ) x² y² + 4R² y⁴ -W² e² y² = 0

In real plane, pearl curve is included in the half plane 0 < y < We/2R , and it is formed by two coinciding loops: in first loop radius p (θ) is positive and in the second negative.

At every revolution of shaft 5, centre C of segment Q1Q3 , makes two loops.

There are all elements to define right lines s', t and their intersection point

1 (v, 2).

Then, fixed radius r of dislocator heads, with points QG, k) and I (v, z) calculated, also point L (x, y) will be defined.

That is, a family of circumferences of radius r, centred in points Q Q, k), for any value of the anomaly θ , has one right line IQ intersecting one of these circumferences in one point L external to the rotoid curve 12, fig.1c.

Fixed QL= r X // X' , to define:

- segment Ql, and also trigonometric functions of angle β = LQX" = QIX' between the right line IQ and abscissa X : cos (β) = G - v) / Ql . sin (β) = (k - z) / Ql

- Cartesian coordinates j, k of point Q: * j = g (B) cos (B) k = g (B) sin (B) and, note r = QL , the Cartesian coordinates x, y of point L of stator curve 10 are defined: x = j + r cos (β) y = k + r sin (β)

For any value of anomaly θ 0 < θ ≤ 2π one point L (x, y) of curve 10 is defined on reference plane r. The coordinates x, y allow to programme a machine tool CAD CAM type in order to draw and build the cylinders inner the stators of rotary volumetric machines, according to invention.

Fig 2 shows one machine, according to the invention, sectioned by plane IV-IV orthogonal to axis O as shown in fig. 4. A first embodiment of dislocator 2 is one right solid symmetric to its three median planes orthogonal to one another; it has two. equal cylindrical heads, and slides inside drum 3 coaxial to the transmission shaft 5. Drum 3 can work as a flywheel. The semicircular heads of dislocator 2 have radius QL = r and centres in points Qi, Q₃ of one rotoid curve 12 Rn=2 type. The head Qi of dislocator and stator cavity have one common generatrix, whose trace, on section plane T , is point L (x,y).

Fig. 3 shows a front view of the machine of fig. 4.

Fig. 4 shows a lateral view of the machine of fig. 3 and the trace of section plane IV-IV orthogonal to axis O of transmission shaft 5.

Fig. 5 shows a second embodiment of dislocator 2 made of two parts 2A and 2B, which can move parallel to each other.

They run close to each other inside a gas-tight guide 4 in drum 3.

The two equal parts 2A and 2B are symmetrically inserted in cavity 4 with respect both to the heads and the contact surface Q₁Q3 . The asymmetry of the mass of each part, with respect to the medial point C of assembly, can be compensated by appropriate balancing holes, not indicated in the drawings.

Each of the two parts 2A, 2B have one cylindrical head, and slides parallel close to each other along the surface of contact Q1Q3 .

Dislocator inserted in drum 3 inside the stator cylinder 10, can rotate and translate with head centres in points Qi, Ch of one rotoid curve Rn=2 .

When distance of one head, from the rotation axis O, diminishes or increases, one part drags the other. In the rectilinear guide 4, the two parts remain parallel to each other and their heads are in contact with the surface of the stator cylinder 10 both for dragging effect in translation and centrifugal effect of rotation.

Consequently embodiment of dislocator 2, with the two parts 2A and 2B reciprocally sliding, has a good contact with the stator cylinder, and automatically, compensate its variations of length due to heads and stator cylinder 10 wearing.

Inside dislocator, between parts\2A, 2B there can be a hole with an elastic organ is, as for example a spring 21, fig.5, which radial pushes the two heads of dislocator towards stator cylinder, to improve contact, gas-tight, between dislocator and stator specially at starting.

If a sheet 20, S shaped interposed between 2A and 2B, wraps with its extreme parts the dislocator heads, it protects dislocator heads from wear. The sheet touches stator cylinder 10 and the stator flanks 22, 23.

A possible centripetal force, of the sheet 20 against the two dislocator parts 2A, 2B, can be compensated by the centrifugal force of the inner elastic organ 21 which contrasts action of the same sheet. In this way the sheet 20 maintains, practically, a constant contact with the lateral surface of the stator cylinder 10.

Fig.6 shows a section of a machine with an embodiment of third type of dislocator 2. This dislocator consists of two equal parts 16,16' which, intersecting each other, move in parallel along one rectilinear guide 4 diametrically to drum 3. Dislocator, with parts 16,16', at every extremity has at least two contact lines with the cylindrical surface 10 of stator 1.

Fig 7 shows, a section, of a machine with an embodiment of rotor of fourth type. The rotor consists, at least, of two equal dislocators 18,18' that run, in two diametric guides, intersecting each other in flywheel drum 3; these dislocators have rotation axes coinciding with axis O of transmission shaft 5 and have, at least, four lines of contact with the cylindrical surface «l 0 of stator 1.

In the case of dislocators 18,18' orthogonal to each other, four chambers of variable volumes are defined in stator cylinder 10. In the case of more than two dislocators, chambers will be more than four.

General, dislocator heads are equal with mobile right cylinders 42 partly out of extreme rectilinear gas-tight cavities (fig.6); it can be also mobile right segments 44 partly out of extreme gas-tight rectilinear guide cavities (fig.7).

The rotary volumetric machine, according to the invention, can operate as endothermic engine with chambers dislocating the working fluid in rotation in only one way, according to new operative cycles of working.

With reference to fig..5 chambers 66, 68 are respectively associated to polar radii Q1O = g(θ) and Q₃O = g(θ+π) that define angular positions of the dislocator corresponding to operative phases of working of all the embodiments of the machines according to invention. Then, to operative phases of working, variable volumes correspond in respective chambers. The succeeding angular positions θ of the dislocator in the stator cylinder are. referred to pole O, axis X and the centres A, S of the intake port 30 and exhaust port 28.

A "ram effect" may take place within a range of frequency of port valves 30 and 28 to increase the pressure of a fluid in entrance and / or to increase discharge of exhaust gases.

Temperature, pressure and speed of exhaust gases of the machines according to invention can be used to activate pumps, compressors, exothermic engines and other machines also of compound type that can be embodiments of rotary volumetric machines, according to the invention, coaxial type or anyway connected to a common transmission shaft.

With reference to fig 5 and 8 the gas operative phases refer to chamber 66 of a four-stroke engine, according to the invention, in the hypothesis of a dislocator 2 regular rotating.

Fig. 8 shows the contour of cams 24, 26 that control valves of ports 28, 30. The clockwise rotation μ of the cams linked to shaft 70 is a half of the rotation θ of the transmission shaft 5 in fig.5, μ = θ / 2 .

The contours of the two cams in fig.8 represent polar diagrams of movement of valves that control the intake ports and the exhaust ports.

Valves can be controlled by mechanic, electric mechanisms or other means with programmed movements likewise ripple of polar diagrams 24, 26.

With reference to chamber 66 of fig.5 and to fig.8:

- when dislocator 2 is placed with polar radius QiO of anomaly θ s 0 , in stator cylinder is one chamber 66 of minimum vojume, and one chamber 68 of maximum volume. In this position, ignition of mixture takes place, combustion in power stroke with gases expanding follows. This is a useful working phase in which gases in expansion move dislocator 2 in sector XOS = 2μi , anticlockwise, it turns and transmits motion to transmission shaft 5 connected to shaft 70 of the cams. Intake and exhaustion valves of ports 30,28 are closed.

General in all volumetric machines these valves can be controlled or of automatic type.

- When polar radius QiO(θi) of dislocator 2 has anomaly θi =^■ 2μi , exhaust valve opens and exhaust stroke takes place with discharge of gases through port 28. In this phase, the volume of chamber 66 passes from a maximum to a minimum. The dislocator moves in sector SOX ≤ 2μ2 pushed by the force of inertia of the masses in rotation and by the contemporary expansion of gases in chamber 68.

- When polar radius QiO(&₂) of dislocator has anomaly $2 ≤ 2(μ-ι+μ2> the intake valve 30 opens and intake stroke takes place with only comburent fluid or a mixture with fuel entering chamber 66 by a suck with a wave of pressure due to a "ram effect" or by external compression. In this intake stroke, volume of chamber 66 returns maximum. The dislocator moves in sector AOS ≤ 2μ3 , by inertia of the rotating masses.

- When the polar radius QiO of dislocator has anomaly θ₃ = 2(μi+μ₂+μ3) exhaust valve closes and the compression stroke reduces mixture to a minimum volume in chamber 66 which becomes, with ignition, explosion chamber. The dislocator moves in sector SOX ≤ 2μ₄ by inertia of masses. Combustion of the compressed mixture follows and the cycle repeats itself: ^1 + ^2 + ^3 + SOX = 2π .

In schemes of endothermic engines ignition, indicated by a lightning symbol, can be by means of one electric arc, one injection of compressed fuel into a compressed comburent, by contact with a heated part of the combustion chamber or also by one spontaneous combustion. In any case, in the machine shown in fig.5, ignition takes place at the instant corresponding to a point, of the combustion chamber, more useful for an optimal combustion and expansion of mixture in combustion.

Endothermic engines, according to invention, have in drum 3 laterally to the sliding guide 4 of dislocator 2, useful store chambers 72 figs.5, 6, 7, and 9 for combustible mixture, the ignition and combustion of which give out gases with a propeller thrust to increase rotation of transmission shaft 5.

In any case, the jetting of gases, out of store chamber 72, generates useful turbulences in combustion chamber during power stroke, improves combustion, increases speed of the front of combustion, and reduces unburnt in exhaust gases.

By appropriate pressure of mixture in intake stroke, and dimension of chamber 72, the volume and shape of the combustion chamber can be optimised.

Many points of ignition are provided, in combustion chamber and/or in store chambers, which can be activated also in different instants.

In endothermic engines, normally, the ignition of mixture advances the instant of minimum volume in combustion chamber. The choice of this instant depends on the shape of combustion chamber and on the qualities of the fuel.

A "ram effect" can be both by delaying or anticipating opening and closing of valves in exhaust and intake ports, and appropriately conforming intake and exhaust pipes.

The following table schematises the cycles of work in two chambers 66, 68 of an embodiment, four-stroke engine, according to invention.

CHAMBER 66 CHAMBER 68

1 Power stroke μi Compression stroke

2 Exhaust stroke μ2 Power stroke

3 Intake stroke μ3 \ Exhaust stroke

4 Compression stroke μ₄ Intake stroke

One cycle of work of this engine joins all phases, in chambers 66, 68, which take place simultaneously every two turnings of the transmission shaft 5, it is characterized by two consecutive power strokes with one opening and one closing of the intake and exhaust ports according to the profiles of the two cams 24,26 of fig.8.

With reference to fig.9, the cycle of work in chamber 66, of a two-stroke engine is described, according to invention, referring to dislocator 2 normally rotating. The dislocator has adequate thickness to control exhaust port 54, and intake port 56. The intake and exhaust ports can be in one or both stator flanks 22 and 23, fig.4.

In figs. 7 and 9, exhaust port 54 have a shape of buttonhole and intake port 56 is circular. Fig. 7 is a cross-section of one embodiment as two-stroke engine, according to invention, with two equal dislocators 18, 18' intersecting each other in a drum 3 with two store chambers 72.

Fig. 9 shows a scheme to describe the cycle of chamber 66, which starts at the instant in which volume is minimum and polar radius QiO of dislocator 2 has anomaly θ = 0 ; angular distance between centre of intake port 56 and exhaust port 54, is about π/4 , π/4 ≤ SOA < π/2 . \

The description refers to the marks: centre O of transmission shaft 5, polar axis X , and centres S, A of exhaust port and intake ports 54, 56; the phases of work of this engine, in angles μ , depends from angles θ of radius OQi of the dislocator 2 in stator cavity.

FIRST TIME: when S = 0 , the volume in chamber 66 is minimum, ignition of mixture is started; combustion in power stroke follows: dislocator 2 rotates the transmission shaft 5 in sector XOS = μi = θi. Exhaust stroke occurs in sector SOA = μ₂ : total θ₂ = μi + μ2 •

SECOND TIME: in sector Aό(-S) = μ₃ the scavange takes place, which comprises intak stroke with admission of new comburent in pressure, with or without fuel, and continuatio of exhaust stroke, the burnt gases of which can suck mixture or comburent, till θ3 = μi + μ₂ + μ₃ , and compression stroke follows in sector (-S)όX = μ₄ .

Ignition of mixture is when chamber 66 is near minimum volume: θ>₄ = μi + μ₂ + μ₃ + μ₄ = 2π . Then the cycle repeats itself.

Simultaneously in chamber 68 a equal series of phases of chamber 66 take place with a gap of around half revolution. The following table resumes the two-stroke cycle of an embodiment as engine according to invention.

CHAMBER 66 CHAMBER 68

The working cycle of this engine refers to only one revolution of the transmission shaft 5 and therefore it consists of two simultaneous cycles of work in chambers 66 and 68. Therefore, at every turn of transmission shaft, and drum 3 of the two stroke engine according to invention, two power stroke occur with working fluid in expanding along one completive arc of 2 XOS =.2μi .

In this engine can be a phase of short scavange with only comburent before the admission stroke with combustible mixture. Fuel in the combustion chamber, can be injected at high pressure and burn by compression. The injection fuel can be different from admission fuel. The using of two different fuels can improve combustion and reduce pollution. These two fuels can have low calorific value.

Also in these new endothermic engines cooling and lubricating circuits are provided, not shown in the drawings; compression of comburent and mixture can be outside the engines by means of compressors that can be coaxial. Simple shape of all the parts of machine, according to invention, makes possible a easy building with ceramic materials, also with base of graphite, or materials produced by means of Nan technologies that are very resistant to thermal, chemical stresses, and wearing out.

In the two-stroke engine, the intake port can be controlled by unidirectional automatic valves. When dislocator works as a slide obturator of exhaust and intake ports 54, 56 chambers 66 and 68 are always separate fig. 9.

The drawing of a rotary volumetric machine, according to invention, within limits, allows the planning of the variations of the volumes in chambers 66 and 68 by appropriate choice of the curve to be transformed in one rotoid curve, the eccentricity e , and the invariant W .

In every case, the link of the transmission shaft 5 with drum 3 and dislocator 2, of the machines according to invention, can be of magnetic type.

That is particularly useful for engines and motors, especially if they are controlled by a reverse rotation device, which exchanges entering with exit of the operative fluid. In these cases, the magnetic field acts also as automatic clutch.

Referring to fig. 4, one stator flank 22 of square type and in enlarged form is shown in fig. 10, which represents a reverse device sectioned by the plane of axes X , of cylinder 32, and Y , of valve 46.

In thickness of this flank two cylindrical holes 24 and 26 prolong two ports 28 and 30 of the stator cavity which is connected with one cylindrical cavity 32.

Cavity 32 has one closed extremity, and the other open, one lever 34 is hinged to support 36 fixed to flank 22. Lever 34 moves cylindrical valve of distribution 38 in cylindrical cavity 32 gases tight. Channels 24 and 26 can be extended outside flank 22 to be connected to external header.

In figs.2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ports 28 and 30 are opened in side 22, they could also be on both stator flanks as well as in the stator body.

In ports 28 and 30, there can be controlled or automatic valves.

Fig.10 shows, inside the sliding valve 38, a longitudinal cylindrical hole 40 that forks in two radial holes 42 and 44 in connection with lateral surface of the slide valve 38. Between the radial holes 42 and 44 there is a distance, so that, to an extreme position, of the slide valve 38, the radial hole 42 faces hole 24 and the radial hole 44 faces a needle valve 46, which is connected by the feeding channel 48 to a fluid in pressure. In the other extreme position, instead, the radial hole 42 faces the needle valve 46 and the radial hole 44 faces channel 26.

Besides, In the first extreme position distributor valve 38 leaves the opening of slide valve 26 completely free, in, the other extreme position, instead, the slide valve 38 leaves the opening of channel 24 free.

The distributor valve above described works as follows: when lever 34 is in the position of fig.10, the fluid in pressure from channel 48 flows through: valve 46 hole 44, longitudinal hole 40, radial hole 42, hole 24, port 28, in to stator cavity 6.

Position axial, of conical needle of valve 46, can control flux of working fluid.

In this position, the stator cavity communicates with the exterior through port 30, hole 25 and the cylinder 32.

When lever 24 is in the other extreme position of distributor valve 38, the fluid in pressure flows from hole 48, through: valve 46, radial hole 42, longitudinal hole 40,radial hole 44, hole 26 and port 30, enter stator cavity 6. In this position, the stator cavity is connected with exterior through port 28, channel 24 and cylindrical cavity 32.

When lever 34 is in an extreme position, one of the stator ports 28 and 30, is connected to the feeding hole 48 of the fluid in pressure, the other is connected with exterior; on the contrary, when lever 34 is in the other extreme position, the ports 28 and 30 exchange functions.

In hypothesis of lever 34 in the position indicated in fig.10, working fluid in pressure enters stator cavity through port 28 and pushes the dislocator 2 to set it to increase volume of the chamber feed. The tlislocator rotates transmission shaft 5 in a sense that in fig. 5 is clockwise.

The machine, according to invention, can be an exothermic engine; as the embodiments shown in figs 2, 5 and 6, which can be efficiently fed also with vapours or fluids, also superheated as for example by means of a new solar collector with twin parabolic cylindrical surfaces to concentrate solar radiations. Fig.11 shows this solar collector, it consists of a frame 49 that supports a boiler 60 with, at two sides, parabolic cylindrical mirrors 50, 5O',which are symmetric to the longitudinal axis 54 of the frame 49 that can revolve together with all the supported parts. At least one pipe bundle of boiler 60 is parallel to frame axis 54.

Frame is supported by trunnions with longitudinal axis 54, and hinged to riser/s 52, it can revolve and orientate to a convenient direction.

Parabolic surfaces 50, 50' reflect radiations on respective focal axis 56 that coincides with one of the focal axes of a small elliptical mirror 58 which has the second focal axis, inside the boiler 60, coinciding with one of its tubular element 62 which has longitudinal axis 54 fig.12.

The boiler, thermically insulated from exterior, has inner reflecting surfaces bent to concentrate thermal radiations on element 62 to superheat vapours.

Covering of the boiler 60 is provided of two longitudinal windows, preferably placed on sides 64, that have, transparent sheets or semitransparent thermal insulate sheets. These sheets cart be lentiform to direct and concentrate solar radiation from elliptic mirror 58 on tubular element 62. Vapour, in element 62 of boiler can be superheated to feed an exothermic engine, as for example, of the type shown in figs.2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

The parabolic collector, for an optimal reception of solar radiations, can be automatically orientated by means of known active or passive directional systems.

This solar collector picks up and concentrates a largest quantity of solar energy to heat a fluid at high temperature and to transform, the thermal energy concentrated, into mechanic energy or any other useful types of energies.

Only some types of realization and exploitation of the above-described invention have been explained here, further embodiments and applications with alteration/modification during construction are provided, within the protection of this industrial patent.

Claims

1. Rotary volumetric machine, with one transmission shaft (5) connected to one rotor which is composed, at least, of one dislocator (2) sliding in the transmission shaft (5) inside a diametric rectilinear gas-tight guide (4), the dislocator (2) has bases and heads in contact with one right cylinder (10) is contained in one stator (1) and defines at least two chambers (66,68) in the cylinder (10), characterized in that: the trace of the lateral surface of the cylinder (10), on a plane r orthogonal to same cylinder and to the rotation axis O of the transmission shaft of the rotor, is constituted of a simple closed plane curve (10), the points L(x, y) of which are defined in the Cartesian coordinates x, y by the equations x = j + r cos (β) y = k + r sin (β) referring to a system of orthogonal Cartesian axes X, Y, with origin in the trace of the rotation axis O, where j = g (θ) cos (θ) k = g (θ) sin (θ) are Cartesian coordinates that define a rotoid curve Rn=2 , the points Q (j, k) of which are centres of circumferences of radius r of the two heads of the dislocator (2) in rotation, the said centres are referred also to a polar system with pole O, polar axis coinciding with the axis of the abscissas X , modulus g (θ)= OQ and anomaly θ = X O g , and wherein \ β is the angle between the axis of the abscissas X and the right line joining one centre Q (g, θ) of one head with the correspondent contact point L (x, y) of dislocator head with the stator surface, and r = QL .

2. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: the transmission shaft (5) is enlarged in the shape of a drum (3), which is coaxial to same shaft consists of a right cylinder with circular bases and is diametrically crossed by a rectilinear guide (4) of the dislocator (2).

3. Machine, as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: the dislocator (2) has the shape of a right solid that has three median planes of symmetry orthogonal to one another, the dislocator has two equal heads constituted of equal cylindrical surfaces.

4. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: dislocator (2) is constituted of two equal parts (2A, 2B), each part is provided of one cylindrical head which is mobile with respect to the other along a common surface of contact gas-tight, the dislocator, with reference to the heads, is symmetric with respect to the surface of contact and to its two median orthogonal planes.

5. Machine according to claim 4 characterized in that: each of the two parts (2A, 2B) has one cylindrical head that slides parallel to the other along the surface of reciprocal contact.

6. Machine as claimed in claim 4 characterized in that: dislocator (2) has an elastic device (21) between the two parts (2A, 2B) to push radially both the heads towards the stator cylinder (10).

7. Machine according to claim 4 characterized in that: the cylindrical head of each part (2A, 2B) of the dislocator is, at least partially wrapped by a flexible sheet (20) which is, interposed between the two parts, in contact with the lateral surface of the cylinder (10), and in contact with the flanks (22, 23) of the stator (1).

8. Machine according to claims 5 and 7 characterized in that: the flexible sheet (20), which wraps cylindrical head of each part (2A₁ 2B) of the dislocator (2), is bended in such a way to effort both the parts centripetally, to contrast the effort of the elastic device (21) in radial direction and to maintain, practically, a constant contact between sheet (20) and the lateral surface of the stator cylinder (10).

9 Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: dislocator (2) consists of two equal parts (16,16'), intersecting each other and moving parallel in the rectilinear guide (4), said parts realize on each extremity of said dislocator at least two lines of contact with the cylindrical surface (10) in stator (1). lO.Machine as claimed in claim 1 and 3 characterized in that: the rotor is constituted, at last, of two equal dislocators (18, 18') each other diametrically intersecting in transmission shaft (5), both are in one proper rectilinear guide (4), said dislocators have rotation axes coinciding with axis O of\the transmission shaft (5) and realize, at least, four lines of contact with the cylinder

(10) in the stator 1.

11..Machine as claimed in claim 10 characterized in that: the dislocators are at least two and define with the stator cylinder (10) at least four chambers of variable volumes.

12. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: the heads of dislocator (2) are constituted of equal and mobile right cylinders with lodgements in guides gas- tight on extremity of the dislocator.

13. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: the contact surfaces of the dislocator heads with the stator cylinder (10) belong to right prismatic segments (44), which are lodged in guides gas-tight, into extremities of same dislocator.

14. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: at least one admission port with, at least one exhaust port that can be selectively opened and closed in conformity with machine working cycle.

15. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: at least one admission port (30) and one exhaust port (28) are in correspondence with the dislocator heads, in such a way dislocator (2) defines chambers (66,68) with maximum difference of volume, between each other.

16. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: the exhaust port has shape and dimensions to be completely closed by passing over of dislocator (2).

17. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: the intake port has shape and dimensions to be completely closed by passing over of dislocator (2).

18. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: the admission and exhaust ports are holed, at least, in one stator flank.

19. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: at least one of the intake ports or exhaust ports is provided with one valve.

20. Machine as claimed in claim 19 characterized in that: the valve is of automatic type.

21. Machine as claimed in claim 19 characterized in that: the valve is of controlled type.

22. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: in embodiment as four stroke engine, one complete working cycle develops in two chambers (66, 68) of stator cylinder (10), divided by dislocator (2), in two revolutions of the transmission shaft (5) and, when series of power stroke exhaust stroke intake stroke and compression stroke occurs in one chamber, simultaneously, the series of compression stroke power stroke exhaust stroke and intake stroke occurs in other chamber, two power stroke in series take place every two revolutions of the shaft (5).

23. Machine as claimed in claim 22 characteVized in that: intake valve and exhaust valve are provided of means to control intake valves and exhaust valves in order to open and to close only one time, in conformity with the planned cycle of work.

24 Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: in embodiment as two stroke engine one complete working cycle occurs, in two chambers (66, 68) of stator cylinder (10) divided by dislocator (2), in one revolution of the transmission shaft (5) and, when series with power stroke exhaust stroke, scavange and compression stroke occurs in one chamber, simultaneously, the series with scavange and compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke occurs in the other chamber, two successive power stroke take place in one revolution of the shaft (5).

25. Machine as claimed in claim 14 characterized in that: at last one storage cavity (72) is housed in drum (3) in both the sides of the rectilinear guide (4), to accumulate a working fluid, the cavity is open in the opposite direction with respect to the rotation of the said transmission shaft.

26. Machine as claimed in claim 24 characterized in that: the exhaust port (54) and the intake port (56) are about π/4 distant from each to other.

27. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: it is made up by connecting mor< than one of its embodiments to only one transmission shaft.

28. Machine as claimed in claim 22 or 24 characterized in that: it is provided at least with one compressor coaxial with the transmission shaft.

29. Machine as claimed in claim 1 and 2 characterized in that: between the transmission shaft (5) and the drum (3) is a linkage of magnetic type.

30. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: between the transmission shaft (5) and the dislocator (2) is a linkage of magnetic type.

31. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: a mechanism to reverse the rotation of the transmission shaft (5) is applied to one of the stator flanks (22, 23).

32. Machine as claimed in claim 31 characterized in that: in above said stator flank two channels have been made to connect the intake and exhaust ports with a sliding distributor valve (38) for selective connections of the source of operative fluid to one of the two ports of machine and vice-versa to change functions of ports.

33. Machine as claimed in one or more of the above claims characterized in that: it is fed by mean of a steerable solar collector with twin parabolic cylinders with at least two parabolas (50,50') reflecting in incorporated boiler (60).

34. Machine as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that: it is one embodiment of an exothermic engine.

35. Machine as claimed in claims 1 and 33 characterized in that: an overheated fluid, generated by the boiler (60), an exothermic engine feeds.

36. Rotary volumetric machine with a dislocator as claimed in claims 1 to 35 as it has been in substance here illustrated and described. i.p. Of Mr ltalo CONTIERO