WO2007048650A1 - Add-drop-unit for wavelength division multiplex signals - Google Patents
Add-drop-unit for wavelength division multiplex signals Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007048650A1 WO2007048650A1 PCT/EP2006/065583 EP2006065583W WO2007048650A1 WO 2007048650 A1 WO2007048650 A1 WO 2007048650A1 EP 2006065583 W EP2006065583 W EP 2006065583W WO 2007048650 A1 WO2007048650 A1 WO 2007048650A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/0213—Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
- H04J14/0212—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM] using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/0208—Interleaved arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0215—Architecture aspects
- H04J14/0217—Multi-degree architectures, e.g. having a connection degree greater than two
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an add-drop device for wavelength-multiplexed signals, or WDM signals, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a WDM signal consists of several optical (sub) signals, which are combined in the wavelength-division multiplex to form a WDM signal.
- An optical (sub) signal transmits a series of data from a source to a destination. The frequency associated with the optical signals or
- Wavelength ranges are also referred to as channels. That in an (optical) channel, an optical signal or (sub-) signal is transmitted. The sum of the signals transmitted through the channels forms the WDM signal.
- the optical networks consist of different network elements, which are connected to each other by optical fibers.
- Such network elements are, for example, add-drop
- Devices or add-drop multiplexer serve, on the one hand, to branch off (“drop") a (sub) signal from an optical wavelength multiplex signal / WDM signal or, on the other hand, to insert or add a signal or sub-signal into the WDM signal ("add ").
- the heart of many add-drop devices for WDM signals is a wavelength-selective switch.
- the latter can be switched in such a way that the (partial) signals of a WDM signal supplied at its input can be selectively output at its outputs / connections. That one or more (sub-) signals of the WDM signal are delivered depending on the switching state at any output of the switch. In reverse operation, several (sub-) signals can be combined to form a WDM signal.
- the connections are used as inputs.
- the wavelength-selective switches are currently still relatively expensive and have only a limited number of ports (inputs and outputs).
- the object of the present invention is to improve an add-drop device for WDM signals, which has a wavelength-selective switch.
- At least one output of a series circuit of at least two split filters is turned on, each having at least one signal of decouple both emitted signals.
- signals or channels are grouped into groups or bands, so that a plurality of such bands are output at one terminal of the wavelength-selective switch and then emitted by the split filters into groups or subgroups or individually.
- This has the advantage that the limited number of ports or ports of the wavelength-selective switch is better utilized, ie, a connection to a larger number of channels is coupled out, which then by the series circuit of
- the series circuit of the split filters are supplied with signals of the spectrally flat region of the amplification band of the WDM signal.
- This has the particular advantage that the gain is higher in the spectrally flat region of the gain band than in the other regions. The higher the gain of the thus supplied signals, the longer can be at constant
- FIG. 1 shows an inventive add-drop device.
- FIG. 1 shows an add-drop device or an add-drop multiplexer for wavelength-division multiplexed signals or WDM signals, respectively, having a wavelength-selective switch WSS.
- An input side WDM signal WDMl is supplied to the wavelength selective switch (WSS). This branches from signals / drop and / or adds new signals / add and / or passes through signals.
- the wavelength selective switch has a number of ports, in the example it is 10.
- Characteristic of a wavelength-selective switch is that one or more channels or channel frequencies can be switched to the relatively small number of available ports. Each channel or signal can be switched to a port. Part of these connections are split filter Splitl, Split2, Split3. Wavelength-selective multiplexers or demultiplexers are connected to these, depending on whether a signal is diverted or added.
- the demultiplexer Demuxl, Demux2 are connected to the split filter 1, the demultiplexer Demux3, Demux4 and to the split filter Split3 the demultiplexer Demux 5 to the split filter Split 2.
- a series circuit of at least two split filters is connected to at least one connection of the wavelength-selective switch WSS.
- a series connection of three split filters Split4, Split5, Split ⁇ is connected to terminal 6.
- a demultiplexer Demux7 is connected to split filter Split 4, a demultiplexer Demux7 to split filter Split5 and the Demux ⁇ and Demux9 demultiplexers to split filter Split ⁇ .
- the split filters may be implemented as band filters, each delivering a band comprising at least one signal / channel or a number of channels at a first output and outputting the remaining channels at a second output.
- the series circuit comprising a plurality of split / band filters is supplied with a channel region having a relatively high signal level compared to the signal levels of the channels fed to the other / individual split filters. High levels occur predominantly in the spectrally flat region of the amplification band. The higher the relative gain for a subband, the longer may be the series circuit or chain of the split or band filter or bandpass, in which the split filter of the currently considered subband is.
- the split filters can also be realized as an interleaver, splitter or optical coupler.
- the wavelength selective switch WSS may be implemented as two or three dimensional wavelength selective switches.
- a three-dimensional wavelength-selective switch is characterized in that between a wavelength-dispersive element, such as a reflection grating, phase grating or stacked - respectively rack and stack - planar lightwave circuit respectively PLC, and the switching element, such as a switch line from micro-electro-mechanical systems or MEMS, which is optionally coupled to an LCD line, or a two-dimensional control panel, such as an LCD panel, a free-space optical transmission takes place.
- the free space transfer is often non-planar.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Beschreibungdescription
Add-Drop-Einrichtung für Wellenlangen-Multiplex-SignaleAdd-drop device for wavelength multiplexed signals
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Add-Drop-Einrichtung für Wellenlangen-Multiplex-Signale, respektive WDM Signale, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an add-drop device for wavelength-multiplexed signals, or WDM signals, according to the preamble of claim 1.
Zur Übertragung von Daten werden zunehmend optische Netze eingesetzt. Diese übertragen mit optischen Signalen bzw. optischen Wellenlangen-Multiplex-Signalen, kurz WDM Signalen, derartige Daten bzw. Informationen. Ein WDM Signal besteht dabei aus mehreren optischen (Teil-) Signalen, die im wellenlangenmultiplex zu einem WDM Signal zusammengefasst werden. Ein optisches (Teil-) Signal übertragt dabei eine Reihe von Daten von einer Quelle zu einem Ziel. Die den optischen Signale zugeordneten Frequenz- bzw.For the transmission of data increasingly optical networks are used. These transmit with optical signals or optical wavelength multiplex signals, short WDM signals, such data or information. A WDM signal consists of several optical (sub) signals, which are combined in the wavelength-division multiplex to form a WDM signal. An optical (sub) signal transmits a series of data from a source to a destination. The frequency associated with the optical signals or
Wellenlangenbereiche werden auch als Kanäle bezeichnet. D.h. in einem (optischen) Kanal wird ein optisches Signal bzw. (Teil-) Signal übertragen. Die Summe der durch die Kanäle übertragenen Signale bildet das WDM Signal.Wavelength ranges are also referred to as channels. That in an (optical) channel, an optical signal or (sub-) signal is transmitted. The sum of the signals transmitted through the channels forms the WDM signal.
Die optischen Netze bestehen aus verschiedenen Netzelementen, die durch Lichtwellenleiter miteinander verbunden sind. Solche Netzelemente sind beispielsweise Add-Drop-The optical networks consist of different network elements, which are connected to each other by optical fibers. Such network elements are, for example, add-drop
Einrichtungen bzw. Add-Drop-Multiplexer . Diese dienen einerseits dazu, aus einem optischen Wellenlangen- Multiplexsignal / WDM Signal ein (Teil-) Signal abzuzweigen respektive zu „dropen" („drop") und andererseits dazu, ein Signal bzw. Teilsignal in das WDM-Signal einzufügen respektive hinzuzufügen („add").Devices or add-drop multiplexer. These serve, on the one hand, to branch off ("drop") a (sub) signal from an optical wavelength multiplex signal / WDM signal or, on the other hand, to insert or add a signal or sub-signal into the WDM signal (" add ").
Ein Add-Drop-Multiplexer für optische Signale wird in der Patentschrift US 6,590,681 Bl vorgestellt.An add-drop multiplexer for optical signals is presented in US Pat. No. 6,590,681 B1.
Ein optisches Netzwerk bei dem Wellenlangen sowohl zur Verteilung als auch zur gezielten Durchschaltung verwendet werden ist in der Veröffentlichung US 2002/0067523 Al beschrieben .An optical network that uses wavelengths for both distribution and selective switching is described in the publication US 2002/0067523 Al.
Ein Vergleich verschiedener Cross-Connect Architekturen für optische Pfade bzw. optische Netze wird im „Journal of Lightwave Technology" Vol. 14, No. 10, October 1996, diskutiert .A comparison of various optical-path cross-connect architectures is discussed in "Journal of Lightwave Technology" Vol. 14, No. 10, October 1996.
Ein optisches Ubertragungsgerat, ein optisches Ubertragungssystem und eine optische Terminalstation sind in der amerikanischen Patentanmeldung US 2002/0101633 Al beschrieben .An optical transmission device, an optical transmission system and an optical terminal station are described in US patent application US 2002/0101633 A1.
Herzstuck vieler Add-Drop-Einrichtungen für WDM Signale ist ein wellenlangenselektiver Schalter. Dieser ist derart schaltbar, dass die (Teil-) Signale eines an seinem Eingang zugefuhrten WDM Signals wahlweise an seinen Ausgangen/An- schlussen abgebbar sind. D.h. ein oder mehrere (Teil-) Signale des WDM Signals werden je nach Schaltzustand an einem beliebigen Ausgang des Schalters abgegeben. In umgekehrter Arbeitsweise können so mehrere (Teil-) Signale zu einem WDM Signal zusammengefasst werden. Dabei werden die Anschlüsse als Eingange verwendet.The heart of many add-drop devices for WDM signals is a wavelength-selective switch. The latter can be switched in such a way that the (partial) signals of a WDM signal supplied at its input can be selectively output at its outputs / connections. That one or more (sub-) signals of the WDM signal are delivered depending on the switching state at any output of the switch. In reverse operation, several (sub-) signals can be combined to form a WDM signal. The connections are used as inputs.
Die wellenlangenselektiven Schalter sind derzeit noch relativ teuer und weisen nur eine begrenzte Anzahl von Anschlüssen (Ein- bzw. Ausgange) auf.The wavelength-selective switches are currently still relatively expensive and have only a limited number of ports (inputs and outputs).
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Add-Drop- Einrichtung für WDM-Signale, die einen wellenlangenselektiven Schalter aufweist, zu verbessern.The object of the present invention is to improve an add-drop device for WDM signals, which has a wavelength-selective switch.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Add-Drop-Einrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelost.This object is achieved by an add-drop device having the features of claim 1.
Erfindungsgemaß wird vorgeschlagen, dass an mindestens einem Ausgang eine Serienschaltung aus mindestes zwei Splitfiltern angeschaltet ist, die jeweils mindestens ein Signal der beiden abgegebenen Signale auskoppeln. Üblicherweise werden Signale bzw. Kanäle zu Gruppen bzw. Bandern gruppiert, so dass mehrere derartiger Bander an einem Anschluss des wellenlangenselektiven Schalters ausgegeben werden und dann durch die Splitfilter in Gruppen bzw. Untergruppen oder einzeln abgegeben werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die begrenzte Anzahl von Anschlüssen bzw. Ports des wellenlangenselektiven Schalters besser genutzt wird, d.h. auf einen Anschluss wird eine größere Anzahl von Kanälen ausgekoppelt, die dann durch die Serienschaltung vonAccording to the invention it is proposed that at least one output of a series circuit of at least two split filters is turned on, each having at least one signal of decouple both emitted signals. Usually, signals or channels are grouped into groups or bands, so that a plurality of such bands are output at one terminal of the wavelength-selective switch and then emitted by the split filters into groups or subgroups or individually. This has the advantage that the limited number of ports or ports of the wavelength-selective switch is better utilized, ie, a connection to a larger number of channels is coupled out, which then by the series circuit of
Splittfiltern aufgeteilt wird. So kann auch ein WDM Signal mit vielen Kanälen ökonomisch verarbeitet werden. Dadurch kann trotz begrenzter Anschluss-/Portzahl eine umfangreiche Add-/Drop-Funktion realisiert werden.Split filters is split. Thus, a WDM signal with many channels can be processed economically. As a result, an extensive add / drop function can be realized despite the limited number of ports / ports.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteranspruchen sowie im Ausfuhrungsbeispiel angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims and in the exemplary embodiment.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden der Serienschaltung der Splitfilter Signale des spektral flachen Bereichs des Verstarkungsbandes des WDM Signals zugeführt. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass im spektral flachen Bereich des Verstarkungsbandes die Verstärkung hoher ist als in den anderen Bereichen. Je hoher die Verstärkung der somit zugefuhrten Signale ist, desto langer kann bei konstanterIn an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the series circuit of the split filters are supplied with signals of the spectrally flat region of the amplification band of the WDM signal. This has the particular advantage that the gain is higher in the spectrally flat region of the gain band than in the other regions. The higher the gain of the thus supplied signals, the longer can be at constant
Dampfung der Splitfilter die Serienschaltung bzw. Kette der Splitfilter sein. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil, dass eine optimale Ausnutzung des wellenlangenselektiven Schalters bei gleichzeitiger Minimierung des Verstarkungsaufwandes der aus bzw. eingekoppelten Signale respektive hinsichtlich einer Optimierung des Dampfungsplanes erzielt wird.Steaming the split filter to be the series circuit or chain of the split filter. This has the particular advantage that an optimal utilization of the wavelength-selective switch is achieved while minimizing the Verstarkungsaufwandes of off or coupled signals respectively with respect to an optimization of the Dampfungsplanes.
Ein Ausfuhrungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im Folgenden an Hand der Zeichnung naher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
Es zeigt:It shows:
Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemaße Add-Drop-Einrichtung. Figur 1 zeigt eine Add-Drop-Einrichtung respektive einen Add- Drop-Multiplexer für Wellenlängen-Multiplex-Signale respektive WDM Signale, aufweisend einen wellenlängenselektiven Schalter WSS. Ein eingangsseitiges WDM Signal WDMl wird dem wellenlängenselektiven Schalter (WSS) zugeführt. Dieser zweigt daraus Signale ab / Drop und/oder fügt neue Signale ein / add und/oder leitet Signale durch. Der wellenlängenselektive Schalter weist eine Reihe von Anschlüssen bzw. Ports auf, im Beispiel sind es 10.1 shows an inventive add-drop device. FIG. 1 shows an add-drop device or an add-drop multiplexer for wavelength-division multiplexed signals or WDM signals, respectively, having a wavelength-selective switch WSS. An input side WDM signal WDMl is supplied to the wavelength selective switch (WSS). This branches from signals / drop and / or adds new signals / add and / or passes through signals. The wavelength selective switch has a number of ports, in the example it is 10.
Charakteristisch für einen wellenlängenselektiven Schalter ist, dass eine oder mehrere Kanäle bzw. Kanalfrequenzen an die verhältnismäßig geringe Zahl von verfügbaren Anschlüssen / Ports geschalten werden können. Jeder Kanal bzw. jedes Signal kann zu einem Anschluss / Port geschalten werden. An einen Teil dieser Anschlüsse sind Splitfilter Splitl, Split2, Split3, angeschlossen. An diese sind jeweils wellenlängeselektive Multiplexer oder Demultiplexer angeschlossen, in Abhängigkeit davon, ob ein Signal abgezweigt oder hinzugefügt wird. Im Beispiel sind an Splitfilter 1 die Demultiplexer Demuxl, Demux2, an Splitfilter Split 2 die Demultiplexer Demux3, Demux4 und an Splitfilter Split3 der Demultiplexer Demux 5 angeschlossen.Characteristic of a wavelength-selective switch is that one or more channels or channel frequencies can be switched to the relatively small number of available ports. Each channel or signal can be switched to a port. Part of these connections are split filter Splitl, Split2, Split3. Wavelength-selective multiplexers or demultiplexers are connected to these, depending on whether a signal is diverted or added. In the example, the demultiplexer Demuxl, Demux2 are connected to the split filter 1, the demultiplexer Demux3, Demux4 and to the split filter Split3 the demultiplexer Demux 5 to the split filter Split 2.
Erfindungsgemäß ist an mindestens einem Anschluss des wellenlängenselektiven Schalters WSS eine Serienschaltung aus mindestens zwei Splitfiltern angeschaltet. In Figur 1 ist an Anschluss 6 eine Serienschaltung aus drei Splitfiltern Split4, Split 5, Splitβ angeschaltet. Dabei ist wiederum an Splitfilter Split 4 ein Demultiplexer Demuxβ, an Splitfilter Split5 ein Demultiplexer Demux7 und an Splitfilter Splitβ die Demultiplexer Demuxδ und Demux9 angeschaltet.According to the invention, a series circuit of at least two split filters is connected to at least one connection of the wavelength-selective switch WSS. In FIG. 1, a series connection of three split filters Split4, Split5, Splitβ is connected to terminal 6. Again, a demultiplexer Demux7 is connected to split filter Split 4, a demultiplexer Demux7 to split filter Split5 and the Demuxδ and Demux9 demultiplexers to split filter Splitβ.
Die Splitfilter können als Bandfilter ausgeführt sein, die jeweils ein Band, umfassend mindestens ein Signal / ein Kanal bzw. eine Anzahl von Kanälen, an einem ersten Ausgang abgeben und die verbleibenden Kanäle an einem zweiten Ausgang abgeben . Erfindungsgemaß wird der Serienschaltung umfassend mehrere Split- / Bandfilter ein Kanalbereich mit relativ hohem Signalpegel zugeführt, verglichen mit den Signalpegeln der den anderen / einzelnen Splitfiltern zugefuhrten Kanäle. Hohe Pegel treten vorwiegend im spektral flachen Bereich des Verstarkungsbandes auf. Je hoher die relative Verstärkung für ein Subband ist, desto langer darf die Serienschaltung respektive Kette der Split- bzw. Bandfilter respektive Bandpasse sein, in dem sich der Splitfilter des gerade betrachteten Subbandes ist.The split filters may be implemented as band filters, each delivering a band comprising at least one signal / channel or a number of channels at a first output and outputting the remaining channels at a second output. According to the invention, the series circuit comprising a plurality of split / band filters is supplied with a channel region having a relatively high signal level compared to the signal levels of the channels fed to the other / individual split filters. High levels occur predominantly in the spectrally flat region of the amplification band. The higher the relative gain for a subband, the longer may be the series circuit or chain of the split or band filter or bandpass, in which the split filter of the currently considered subband is.
Die Splitfilter können auch als Interleaver, Splitter oder optischer Koppler realisiert sein.The split filters can also be realized as an interleaver, splitter or optical coupler.
Der wellenlangeselektive Schalter WSS kann als zwei oder drei dimensionaler wellenlangenselektiver Schalter ausgeführt sein .The wavelength selective switch WSS may be implemented as two or three dimensional wavelength selective switches.
Ein drei dimensionaler wellenlangenselektiver Schalter ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen einem wellenlangen- dispersiven Element, wie ein Reflektionsgitter respektive reflection grating, Phasengitter respektive phase grating oder gestapelten - respektive rack and Stack - planaren lightwave circuit respektive PLC, und dem schaltenden Element, wie eine Schalterzeile aus mikro-elektro- mechanischen Systemen respektive MEMS, die gegebenenfalls mit einer LCD Zeile gekoppelt ist, oder einem zweidimensionalen Schaltfeld, wie ein LCD Panel, eine optische Freiraum- Übertragung stattfindet. Die Freiraum-Ubertragung ist häufig nicht-planar . Durch einen Schaltvorgang kann der Verlauf eines mittels Freiraum-Ubertragung übertragenen Pfades in allen drei raumlichen Dimensionen/Richtungen geändert werden.A three-dimensional wavelength-selective switch is characterized in that between a wavelength-dispersive element, such as a reflection grating, phase grating or stacked - respectively rack and stack - planar lightwave circuit respectively PLC, and the switching element, such as a switch line from micro-electro-mechanical systems or MEMS, which is optionally coupled to an LCD line, or a two-dimensional control panel, such as an LCD panel, a free-space optical transmission takes place. The free space transfer is often non-planar. By a switching operation, the course of a transmitted by free space transmission path in all three spatial dimensions / directions can be changed.
Somit wird an einem Ausgang mit einer Serienschaltung mehrer Splitfilter eine große Anzahl von Signalen respektive Kanälen, Bandern oder Gruppen abgegeben, die dann durch die einzelnen Splitfilter untergruppenweise oder kanalweise aufgeteilt wird und die Untergruppen durch nachgeschaltete wellenlängenselektive Demultiplexer in einzelne Signale bzw. Kanäle aufgeteilt werden. In analoger Weise kann dies auch in der „Add" Richtung mittels Multiplexern durchgeführt werden. Thus, at an output with a series connection of a plurality of split filters, a large number of signals, respectively channels, bands or groups are delivered, which then through the individual split filters in groups or channels is split and the subgroups are divided by downstream wavelength-selective demultiplexer into individual signals or channels. In an analogous manner, this can also be carried out in the "add" direction by means of multiplexers.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005051292A DE102005051292A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 | 2005-10-26 | Add-drop device for wavelength-multiplex signal, has series circuit comprising two split filters that are switched at one output, where series circuit uncouples one signal of wavelength multiplex signal |
| DE102005051292.5 | 2005-10-26 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007048650A1 true WO2007048650A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2006/065583 Ceased WO2007048650A1 (en) | 2005-10-26 | 2006-08-23 | Add-drop-unit for wavelength division multiplex signals |
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| DE (1) | DE102005051292A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007048650A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
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| US20130336653A1 (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-19 | Peter Öhlén | Methods and apparatus for a passive access subnetwork |
| US8929738B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2015-01-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Resilience in an access subnetwork ring |
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| US9252912B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2016-02-02 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method for routing and spectrum assignment |
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| WO2018024330A1 (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2018-02-08 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Optical switch |
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| US8929738B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2015-01-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Resilience in an access subnetwork ring |
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