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WO2006136035A1 - Bougie auto-extinguible - Google Patents

Bougie auto-extinguible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006136035A1
WO2006136035A1 PCT/CA2006/001076 CA2006001076W WO2006136035A1 WO 2006136035 A1 WO2006136035 A1 WO 2006136035A1 CA 2006001076 W CA2006001076 W CA 2006001076W WO 2006136035 A1 WO2006136035 A1 WO 2006136035A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wick
candle
combustion
self
extinguishing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CA2006/001076
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
S. Dolly Reisman
Pertti H. Naskali
Neil C. C. Gray
William D. Lougheed
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
2068706 ONTARIO Ltd
Original Assignee
2068706 ONTARIO Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 2068706 ONTARIO Ltd filed Critical 2068706 ONTARIO Ltd
Publication of WO2006136035A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006136035A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D3/00—Burners using capillary action
    • F23D3/02—Wick burners
    • F23D3/16—Wick burners using candles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
    • C11C5/00—Candles
    • C11C5/006—Candles wicks, related accessories

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of candles, and in particular, relates to a candle which is capable of extinguishing itself automatically.
  • Candles have been known for centuries and typically comprise a wick surrounded by a solid core of a combustible material which acts as a fuel.
  • a combustible material which acts as a fuel.
  • the combustible material in the area surrounding the burning wick is liquified so as to provide fluid material to the wick in order to support combustion.
  • a portion of the wick is burnt so that the wick height above the candle remains relatively constant as the candle burns.
  • the predictability of the time until extinguishment can be variable depending on the nature of the device. For example, the nature of the solid fuel, the diameter of the candle, and even the composition of the wick material itself can affect the burn rate of a candle and can make estimation of the candle burn time difficult.
  • a candle wherein a series of extinguishing agents is trapped within the solid fuel material, in the vicinity of the wick.
  • the candle will burn to the point where the extinguishing material, such as, for example, water, is released from the solid fuel material, in order to snuff out the candle.
  • the extinguishing material such as, for example, water
  • the extinguishing material is housed within a series of ampoules which are attached to the wick prior to formation of the candle by pouring in the molten solid fuel material.
  • the present invention provides a self- extinguishing candle comprising a wick, and a fuel material which surrounds said wick, characterized in that said candle has at least two separate combustion zones separated by a non-combustion zone wherein said candle is extinguished, and wherein said non-combustion zones is provided by a non-combustion zone within said wick, or by termination of said wick within said candle.
  • the wick includes the non-combustion zone.
  • the present invention also provides a self-extinguishing candle, as hereinabove described, wherein said wick has at least two separate combustion zones along its length, and said combustion zones on said wick are separated by a non- combustion zone on said wick.
  • the candle can burn the wick in a first combustion zone, but on reaching the non-combustion zone, the candle is extinguished.
  • the candle can be re-lit by removing the non-combustion zone of the wick, or by re-lighting the wick at a point beyond the non-combustion zone.
  • the wick has a plurality of combustion and non-combustion zones.
  • the present invention also provides a candle wick of use in the practice of the present invention comprising an elongated combustible wick suitable for use in a candle, wherein said wick has two or more combustion zones, and one or more non-combustion zones located along its length.
  • the term "candle” refers primarily to common candles which have a wick surrounded by a solid fuel material.
  • the present application is thus primarily directed to the use of these types of candles.
  • non-solid materials might also be used, such as in the case of "gel” candles or the like, provided that consumption of the wick occurs as the candle burns. Accordingly, while the present application is described with particular reference to the traditional solid candle industry, the skilled artisan would be aware that the present application is equally applicable in other non-traditional applications.
  • Figure IA is a cutaway perspective view of the side of a pillar candle according to the present invention
  • Figure 1 B is a corresponding view of a tapered candle
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the wick of the candles of Figure 1 ;
  • Figures 3 A and 3B are side views of two alternative wick designs;
  • Figure 4 is a side view of a further alternative wick according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a side view of a still further alternative wick
  • Figure 6 is a side view of another alternative wick
  • Figure 7 is a side view of another alternative wick
  • Figure 8 is a cutaway perspective view of a candle utilizing a wick of the present invention
  • Figure 9 is cutaway perspective view of a further candle
  • Figure 10 is a side view of another alternative wick design.
  • a "pillar" candle 10 is shown in a partial cutaway perspective side view comprising a solid fuel material 12 surrounding a central wick 14 which extends essentially completely through fuel material 12 and has an exposed end 16 which extends above the candle.
  • a solid fuel material 12 surrounding a central wick 14 which extends essentially completely through fuel material 12 and has an exposed end 16 which extends above the candle.
  • an area of liquified fuel material 20 which forms continuously as solid fuel material 12 melts from the heat of flame 22 at the exposed end 16 of wick 14.
  • non-combustion zone 18 Dispersed at regular intervals along the length of wick 14 are a series of non- combustion zones 18 which will not support combustion. As such, as candle 10 burns and consumes solid fuel material 12, non-combustion zone 18 is slowly exposed.
  • non-combustion zone 18 When a sufficient amount of non-combustion zone 18 is exposed, either through a physical or chemical method, the newly exposed non-combustible end 16 of wick 14 prevents candle 10 from burning past each non-combustion zone 18.
  • the non-combustion zone is provided by a physical method wherein the weave density of the wick is increased at regular intervals to provide a wick with higher density zones 30 and lower density zones 32, as shown in Figure 2.
  • Higher density zones 30 are such that the wick capillary action is restricted so that the wick is prevented from conducting sufficient fuel to the end of the wick, as a result of the higher density zone. Creation of the higher density zones 30, which forms non-combustion zone
  • the braided wick in the higher density zone to compress the wick materials closer together, and thus restrict the capillary movement of the liquified wax along the wick.
  • the density of the wick material is thereby increased by tightening the weave of the wick, and thereby preventing transportation of the liquified fuel material to the exposed end 16, and thus to flame 22.
  • the higher density section of the wick can be cut off to expose the lower density wick material, or the higher density section can be partially unraveled to lower the density of the wick in that area.
  • the higher and lower density portions can be identified by, for example, colour coding or the like so the user will know which part of the wick to remove before attempting to re- light the candle.
  • the wick can be, and is preferably colour coded to visually identify the combustion and/or non-combustion zones
  • Candle 10 as shown in Figure IA is a cylindrical pillar candle.
  • any candle shape or size can be used in the practice of the present invention.
  • Candle 10 can also comprise any of a variety of known candle-making accessories.
  • candle 10 has a wick tab 24, shown at the base of candle 10, which is used during candle production to hold the terminal end of the wick in place at the bottom of a container or mould when the container is being filled with liquified solid fuel.
  • Wick tabs 24 can provide a short stem 26 through which the wick is inserted, which extends up into the candle. The stem and/or the tab can prevent the wax from reaching the wick at the bottom of the candle, and thus, assist in preventing a candle from burning completely down to the bottom of the wick, and thus burning down and through the bottom of the candle.
  • candle 10 includes a wick crimp 28, which are often used in combination with a wick tab 24, in order to further assist in preventing the candle from burning past a certain selected point.
  • Wick crimps are usually made from metal or glass and are placed or crimped around the wick at the desired location. These devices can be located on any point on the wick, such as for example, if the candle were formed above a decorative sand base in the bottom of a container, and it was desired to prevent the candle from burning down to the level of the sand.
  • wick crimps and/or wick tabs are only used to prevent the candle from burning past a particular point on the wick. As such, once a candle has reached the wick crimp and/or the wick tab, it is intended that the candle not be re-lit. As such, the prior art wick tabs and/or wick crimps are effectively located at the terminal end of the prior art wicks.
  • the candles of the present invention can be tapered or straight-sided, and can be free standing, or contained with housings such as glass, ceramic, plastic or metal housings.
  • the candles might also be designed for specialized functions such as, for example, scented candles, birthday candles, wedding candles, pillar candles, votive candles, floating candles, or the like.
  • any number of non-combustion zones can be provided on wick 14. The number can vary depending on the desired time between each self-extinguishing event, and will be dependent on the size of the candle, the candle solid fuel composition, the wick size, the wick material and composition, and the like.
  • the skilled artisan would be able to determine the burn rate of a particular candle, and then determine the number of non-combustion zones to be provided in order to provide a candle that would self-extinguish at a desired rate. For example, if a candle were to normally burn for a total of 8 hours, three non-combustion zones spaced essentially equally from the top of the candle to the top of crimp 28, would provide a candle with four combustion zones, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, which would self-extinguish itself on a 2 hour interval.
  • crimp 28 in combination with tab stem 26 would provide the final self-extinguishing event.
  • the number of combustion zones can vary depending on the design parameters of the candle, preferably, the number of combustion zones in a candle, and also preferably on a single wick would be at least 2, and more preferably, at least 3. Even more preferably, the number of combustion zones in a candle, or on a single wick, will be between 2 and 10, and more preferably between 3 and 6.
  • the candles of the present invention can be made from any suitable fuel material including traditional solid fuel materials such as petroleum based waxes including, for example, paraffin waxes.
  • the solid fuel material can be made from animal-based fats such as tallow and the like, or made from traditional materials such as beeswax, soy wax, or any other suitable waxes.
  • the candles might be made from hydrogenated vegetable-based materials.
  • the fuel material 12 can be a combination of these materials.
  • the candles might also be made from non-traditional materials such as gel candles, which have a semi-solid material which is contained within a solid body such as a glass housing.
  • the wick works by capillary action.
  • Cotton fibers, or alternatively paper or some other types of fibres, are spun into threads, which are bundled and braided together.
  • the spaces between the fibers, the threads, and braids act as capillaries, which cause liquids to be drawn into them.
  • This capillary action causes the melted and liquified solid fuel in the vicinity of the flame to be drawn up through the wick where it is heated to a point where it vapourizes and is burnt in the candle flame.
  • Candle wicks or wicking
  • Different sized wicks cause different sized flames simply because of the number of threads in the bundles. Each thread is considered a plait or ply, and a given number of ply are bundled together.
  • a 36 ply wick could contain 3 bundles of 12 ply material.
  • a 36 ply wick would typically draw more wax than a 30 ply wick can, which would result in the 36 ply wick providing a larger flame.
  • the larger flame produces a slightly larger melt pool.
  • design and selection of a proper size and type of wicking is a skill known to those skilled in the art.
  • the wick can also contain a solid core material, such as zinc or lead, which is provided to give the wick some rigidity, particularly in situations where a soft solid fuel is used, and/or when a relatively large amount of liquified fuel is encountered.
  • a solid core material such as zinc or lead
  • a hollow well of pooled, melted fuel is typically found located within an outer shell of unmelted fuel.
  • the wick of a pillar type candle burns to the point where the non- combustible portion is, or is almost completely exposed before the candle is extinguished.
  • the next combustible portion of the candle wick is, or is almost exposed, which facilitates the removal of the non-combustible zone of the wick to gain access to the next combustible zone.
  • Other methods for providing the non-combustion zone on the wick can be provided, and some of these are exemplified in Figures 3 to 5.
  • wick 34 has a tab 24, with stem 26, and crimp 28, and has three non-combustion zones provided by metal clips 36 which are crimped around sections of wick 34 so as to essentially prevent the liquified solid material from passing along wick 34.
  • Metal clips 36 could be replaced by ceramic or glass clips, or by plastic clips (provided the plastic clips were not flammable), or by clips made of any other suitable non-flammable, crimpable material..
  • the exposed metal clip can be removed, and the candle re-lit.
  • wick 34B has three metal clips 36B which are smaller in size than those shown in Figure 3A.
  • clips 36B provide a reduction in the cross-sectional area of wick 34B in the area of clips 36B.
  • wick 34B can, in some applications, be moved within the candle without damaging the candle structure. This can be beneficial in the practice of the present invention.
  • wick 34B can be pulled upwards to expose additional wick material provided that the wick is not bonded to the wax fuel of the candle but instead, contained within a channel in the candle and therefore free to slide up within that channel, and thereby expose a new area of wick for combustion.
  • the fuel-to-wick bond may not be particularly great and therefore will also allow relatively easy movement of the wick within the candle without any damage resulting to the candle. This movement facilitates removal of the clip 36B when it reaches the top of the candle, and also facilitates the exposure of the next combustion zone on wick 34B. This is of particular interest in a pillar candle wherein in is desirable to move the wick material from the possibly re-solidified pool of melted fuel material.
  • pillar candle 1OB is shown having a wick as described in Figure 3B.
  • candle 1OB will be extinguished.
  • the user can grab exposed clip 36B and gently pull on wick 34B to move wick 34B within the candle, and thus expose additional wick material.
  • Uppermost clip 36B can then be cut from wick 34B, and wick 34B can be re-lit.
  • wick material 34B is preferably provided in candle 1OB.
  • the wick reservoir is provided by a coil 37 of wick material which is provided at (or near) the bottom of candle 1OB.
  • This option is of particular use in pillar candles where space is available for wick coil 37.
  • a wick 34C can be provided which has a small Z-shaped bend 38 under clip 36B which provides a smaller, local wick reservoir that acts as the source of extra wick material to be pulled into position after clip 36B has led to the extinguishing of the candle.
  • Bend 38 can be provided by bending wick 34C during wick production, and can be maintained in that shape by use of a small wire within wick 34C, or by use a fastener such as string, glue, or a drop of wax material, that is sufficient to hold the bent shape of bend 38 during candle production but will be released when wick 34C is pulled.
  • each Z-shaped bend 38 each acts as a local wick reservoir 37B in the immediate area of clip 36B.
  • Other methods to provide a wick reservoir can include, for example, over-braiding of the wick material so that a telescopic internal section of wick material can be released from an over-braided section, and thus, effectively increase the usable length of wick material.
  • wick 48 is shown having 4 combustion zones 47 which are physically separated from one another, but are held together by a thin fibre 45 which runs through each combustion zone 47 of wick 48. In use, the first combustion zone
  • Fibre 45 is either non-flammable, or more preferably is merely incapable of providing sufficient capillary action for transportation of liquified fuel to the candle flame. As such, the candle will self- extinguish when it reaches the end of each combustion zone 47. The distance between any two combustion zones 47 of wick 48 is selected so that the wick will extinguish without igniting the next lower combustion zone 47. The user can then remove sufficient fuel to expose the next combustion zone 47, if necessary.
  • the distance between combustion zones 47 is preferably less than 2 cm, and more preferably less than 1 cm.
  • wick 44 has three non-combustion zones 46 which have been created using a chemical means.
  • a bromine containing flame retardant material that has been applied at the non-combustion zones 46 in order to provide a flame retardant that is released once the flame reaches zone 46.
  • Any suitable flame retardant can be used provided that sufficient material is provided to cause the flame to be extinguished.
  • the flame retardant could be any of a number of different types of flame retardants.
  • halogenated flame retardants including compounds that contain, and release on combustion, fluorine, chlorine, or, in particular, bromine atoms.
  • bromine containing flame retardants are known in the art, that have bromine atoms bound into different organic molecules. These materials offer different properties, in terms of how the bromine is bound into the flame retardant molecule (aliphatically, aromatically), and of how the flame retardant molecule interacts with the different materials. Different specific brominated compounds can thus be added to or chemically bound into these different materials without deteriorating their properties (flexibility, durability, colour and the like).
  • Additives such as antimony trioxide can be included to provide a synergistic effect with the halogentated flame retardants.
  • Phosphorus flame retardants might also be used, which act by generation of phosphoric acid, and thus inhibit the pyrolysis process.
  • These can include, for example, elemental red phosphorus (P), which is oxidised to phosphoric acid with heat, through to complex P-containing organic molecules offering specific performance properties.
  • Nitrogen based flame retardants that release nitrogen when burned including melamine-based materials.
  • intumescent coatings might be applied to the wick.
  • inorganic flame retardants such as aluminium trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, boron compounds, zinc borate, or the like.
  • FIG. 6 an alternative design is shown in cross-section having a candle 50 having two wicks 52.
  • Each wick 52 is identical and has alternating combustion 54 and non-combustion 56 zones. However, the wicks are positioned in an off-set fashion so that essentially only one wick has a non-combustion zone exposed at any given time.
  • the wicks be designed and located close enough to each other to provide a common pool of liquified solid material that would envelop and reach each wick when only one wick was lit. However, the wicks must be located a sufficient distance from each other so as to not allow the flame from one wick to be passed to the other when the combustion zone 54 of the second wick is exposed.
  • candles with additional wicks such as candles with three or four wicks, might be manufactured.
  • a further embodiment of a candle 60 is shown wherein a series of small candle precursors 62 are prepared each of which has a fuel section 64 and a wick section 66.
  • preformed candle precursors 62 are stacked one on top of another, and fitted within a container, and liquified fuel 68 is poured in to the container where it solidifies to form candle 60.
  • fuel 68 is the same as fuel 64 so that it blends with fuel 64. However, it must not be heated to a sufficient temperature to cause candle precursors 62 to melt to a sufficient point that wicks 66 are allowed to appreciably move.
  • wick 66 is centered within each precursor 62 and the precursors are positioned in a staggered configuration.
  • wick 66 might be located in an off-centre position in each precursor 62.
  • Precursors 62 could then be positioned directly on top of each other with wicks 66 arranged in different, nonlinear positions
  • each wick 66 will burn to the end of the wick in the section defined by a precursor 62 so that its combustion is terminated, and candle 60 will be extinguish. The user can then re-light candle 60 using the wick 66 in the next precursor 62 section.
  • two wicks of the type described in Figure 4 might be used in combination in a single candle in a fashion similar to that shown in Figure 6.
  • the distance between wick combustion zones on a first wick would approximately equal the length of the combustion zone on the second wick.
  • the length of the non-combustible fibre would be approximately equal to the length of the adjacent combustion zone.
  • this type of arrangement might be also be provided using using a "ladder"-shaped wick 70, as shown in Figure 10, having a series of alternating combustion zones 72 on different sides of the wick ladder, with essentially non- combustion supporting fibres 74 forming the remainder of the wick ladder.
  • substantially planar is intended to mean planar, nearly planar and/or exhibiting characteristics associated with a planar element.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne une bougie auto-extinguible qui, dans une configuration préférée, comprend une bougie ayant une mèche avec une série de zones alternées de combustion et de non-combustion. En utilisation, la mèche brûlera dans la zone de combustion et s' éteindra en atteignant la zone de non-combustion. La zone de non-combustion est de préférence mise à disposition par un moyen physique ou chimique, et la bougie peut être rallumée par un retrait du moyen de non-combustion. Une bougie plus sûre est mise à disposition qui s’auto-éteindra régulièrement.
PCT/CA2006/001076 2005-06-24 2006-06-23 Bougie auto-extinguible Ceased WO2006136035A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/165,512 US20060292508A1 (en) 2005-06-24 2005-06-24 Self-extinguishing candle
US11/165,512 2005-06-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006136035A1 true WO2006136035A1 (fr) 2006-12-28

Family

ID=37567880

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA2006/001076 Ceased WO2006136035A1 (fr) 2005-06-24 2006-06-23 Bougie auto-extinguible

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US (2) US20060292508A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006136035A1 (fr)

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US20060292509A1 (en) 2006-12-28

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