WO2006119730A2 - Method and device for producing a three-dimensional cam and three-dimensional cam, especially for variably actuating lift valves in internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

A three-dimensional cam is defined by the peripheral surface (5) of a rotation body (4) which contacts the cam across its entire length (11) and whose rotational axis (6) intersects the rotational axis (3) of the cam when the circular cylindrical base section (2) of the cam is produced. The elevation section of the cam (1) and the areas of the circular cylindrical base section (3) adjoining the same are only crossed once. In order to produce the elevation section, the rotation body (4) carries out movements which include a rotation about an axis (12). A three-dimensional cam produced according to the inventive method can be used for a cam follower to feel different elevation curves when the cam is displaced along its rotational axis.

Description

description

Method and device for producing a three-dimensional cam and three-dimensional cams, in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines

The invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the preamble of independent claim 14 and a three-dimensional cam according to the preamble of independent claim 30, in particular for the variable actuation of globe valves in Internal combustion engine, which is usually produced by grinding with a rotary body.

Conical, three-dimensional cams are known which drive a cam follower which largely contacts the conical cam in a line. The cam follower actuates a lift valve of an internal combustion engine directly or via intermediate links. By displacing the conical cam along its axis of rotation, the cam follower can be driven by different regions of the conical cam, resulting in different valve lift characteristics. The variation of the valve lift curves allows variable valve timing, variable valve duration and variable valve lift.

Such fully variable valve trains in internal combustion engines allow the improvement of torques, powers, efficiencies, the reduction of pollutant emissions and consumption and in gasoline engines, the load control and thus the elimination of a throttle body,

It has become known a very large number of variable valve trains, the requirements such as variable timing, variable valve duration and variable valve lift and defined Ventilhubverlaufskurven meet only partially or with considerable effort or with considerable space requirements.

With the known constructions of conical three-dimensional cams, it is not possible or only with complicated additional measures or components to produce valve lift curves in the case of line contact between cams and cam followers, at the beginning and end of the valve stroke are very flat and steady, which is required for noise and stress reasons.

Such a valvetrain with a conical cam and line contact between cam and cam follower is described in US 4,693,214.

The object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a three-dimensional cam and a device for generating a three-dimensional cam and a three-dimensional cam, such that the three-dimensional cam has a surface shape which (eg by grinding) with a single rotational body during a single rotation of the cam about its axis of rotation can be produced, the cam drives a substantially rolling cam on the cam follower and the cam by longitudinal displacement along its axis of rotation produces different Ventilhubverläufe, especially in the area of the beginning and ending valve lift at least up in the second derivative run steadily. This makes it possible to provide a fully variable valve train with desired valve lift curves and with low drive power, low cost and low space requirement.

According to the invention, the object is achieved in that a arranged on a longitudinally displaceable camshaft three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder section (2) and a rotation axis (3) has a surface shape that allows in all areas an exact generating Ventilhubsollkurven and the Three-dimensional cam touches the surface of a driven by him role exclusively or in certain areas in one point. In this case, each point of the elevation section (1) and each point of the base circle cylinder section (2) of the three-dimensional cam is characterized in that a rotary body (4), eg a grinding wheel, can be applied to each of these points, that the rotation body at least with parts of it Peripheral surface (5) of the elevation portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam over the entire axial cam length (11) in a contact curve (10) touched. For different surface points of the elevation section (1), the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) has different positions with respect to the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam. According to the invention, the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) crosses the axis of rotation (3) of the cam when the base circle cylinder section (2) touches a first crossing angle (J) that is the same for all points of the base circle cylinder section (2) or a second crossing angle (8). , The second crossing angle (8) may be equal to the amount of the first crossing angle (7), but negative.

According to the invention, the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) at the beginning of the elevation portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam crosses the rotational axis (3) of the cam at the first crossing angle (7) and at the end of the elevation portion (1) at the second crossing angle (8) ), wherein at the beginning and end of the elevation section (1), the opposing two boundary curves (66, 67) between the base circle cylinder section (2) and elevation section (1) are to be understood with an infinitely small elevation. Thus, the rotation axis (6) of the rotary body (4) on rotation of the elevation portion (1) of the cam from the beginning of the elevation portion (1) to the end of the elevation portion (1), from the first crossing angle (7) to the second crossing angle (8 ) about an axis of rotation (12) of the rotary body (4) relative to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam. In addition to this rotation, the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) performs movements in the space such that a desired three-dimensional shape of the elevation portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam is formed.

The invention will be explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Fig. 1a shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) which rotates about a rotation axis (3) and a rotary body (4) having a rotation axis (6) and a peripheral surface (5), the The base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam on its entire cam length (11) with at least portions of the peripheral surface (5) touched. The rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) runs in this particular example in the selected view parallel to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam. The axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) has to the axis of rotation (3) the cam a distance (9). The rotary body (4) has an axis of rotation (12).

Fig. 1 b shows a plan view of Fig. 1a. The three-dimensional cam rotates about its axis of rotation (3). Above him you can see the rotating body (4) with the axis of rotation (12) and its axis of rotation (6). The rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) crosses the rotation axis (3) of the cam at a first crossing angle (7). The peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) of FIG. 1a is divided into a surface section (5a) which generates the base circle cylinder section (2) and a lateral surface section (5b) and a further lateral surface section (5c). The base section (5a) of the rotation body (4) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) contacts the base circle cylinder section (2) of the three-dimensional cam in a contact curve (10). The contact curve (10) extends over the entire cam length (11). The rotary body has an entire axial length (13). The surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) has an axial length (13a).

Fig. 2a shows a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle portion (2) which rotates about a rotation axis (3), and a rotation body (4) having a rotation axis (6) and a peripheral surface (5) the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam on an entire axial cam length (11) with at least parts of the peripheral surface (5) touched. The rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) runs in this particular example in the selected view parallel to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam. The axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) has a distance (9) from the axis of rotation (3) of the cam. The rotary body (4) has an axis of rotation (12). In comparison to FIG. 1a, the rotary body (4) is rotated about its axis of rotation (12).

Fig. 2b shows a plan view of Fig. 2a. The three-dimensional cam rotates about the rotation axis (3). Above him you can see the rotating body (4) with the axis of rotation (12) and the axis of rotation (6). The rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) crosses the rotation axis (3) of the cam at a second crossing angle (8) of equal but negative magnitude of the first crossing angle (7). The peripheral Surface (5) of the rotation body (4) is divided into three surface portions (5a), (5b) and (5c). The surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) contacts the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam in a contact curve (10). The contact curve (10) extends over the entire axial cam length (11).

Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The cam is contacted by a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) having a rotation axis (6), a rotation axis (12) and a stroke direction (31).

Fig. 4 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam is rotatable in bearings (58). The cam is contacted by a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) having a rotation axis (6), a rotation axis (12) and a further rotation axis (41) generating the cam elevation. The further rotation axis (41) which generates the cam elevation has a displacement device (43). The further rotation axis (41) generating the cam elevation and the rotation axis (12) of the rotation body (4) are connected by a connection (42) enclosing a displacement device (44). A connection part (45) is arranged between the rotation axis (12) and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) and has a bearing (46) of the rotation axis (12) of the rotation body (4) and a bearing (47) of the rotation axis (45). 6) of the rotary body (4).

Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam is mounted in bearings (58) of a connecting part (57). The connecting part (57) has an axis of rotation (55) which is rotatable in bearings (56).

The cam is contacted by a peripheral surface (5) of a rotating body (4) having a rotation axis (6). The axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) is rotatable in a bearing (54) and longitudinally displaceable. The bearing (54) is connected via a connection (52) with a cam axis generating the rotation axis (41) connected. The cam lobe generating rotation axis (41) has a displacement device (43).

Fig. 6 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The cam is contacted by a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) with a rotation axis (6), a rotation axis (12), a stroke direction (61) and another rotation axis (62) for adjusting the course of the height of the cam lobe the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam.

Fig. 7 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The three-dimensional cam is contacted by a peripheral surface of a rotary body (4) having a rotation axis (6) and a rotation axis (12). The peripheral surface of the rotary body (4) is composed of a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portion (5a) having an axial length (13a), the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) in a corresponding position of the rotary body (4) touches in a contact curve and a lateral surface portion (5b) having the shape of a truncated cone shell.

Fig. 8 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The cam drives a roller (20) having a rotation axis (21) and a cam-contacting peripheral roller surface (24). The axis of rotation (21) of the roller (20) is moved parallel to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam in a direction of movement (22). The contact between roller (20) and cam runs on a track (25) of the roller (20) on the cam.

Fig. 9 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The cam drives a roller (20) with a rotation axis (21). The rotation axis (21) of the roller (20) is moved unparallel to the rotation axis (3) of the cam in a direction of movement (22). 10 shows a three-dimensional cam having a land portion (1) including a portion (26) intersecting a plane passing through the cam rotation axis (3) in a straight line, and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3) ). The cam is contacted by a peripheral surface of a rotary body (4) having a rotation axis (6) and a rotation axis (12). The peripheral surface of the rotary body (4) is composed of a surface portion (5a) which generates the base circle cylinder portion (2) and contacts the base circle cylinder portion (2) in a contact curve when the rotational body is in a corresponding position, and a lateral surface portion (5b) which intersects the base circle cylinder portion (2) Has the shape of a truncated cone mantle. The cam drives a roller (20) having a rotation axis (21) and a cam-contacting peripheral roller surface composed of a convex portion (28) and a frusto-conical portion (27).

Fig. 11a shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) and a rotation axis (3). The three-dimensional cam is contacted over its entire length by the peripheral surface of a rotating body (4) having a rotation axis (6). The rotary body (4) has three rotating body parts (4a), (4a *) and (76). The peripheral surface of the rotation body is divided into three surface portions (5a), (5a *) and (65).

Fig. 11b shows a development of the base circle cylinder whose base circle cylinder section (2) is shown in Fig.11a. The processing of the entire base circle cylinder is divided into a settlement (64) of the base circle cylinder section (2) and a raised portion (63) shown on the Grundkreiszylinderabwicklung. The elevation section (63) merges with boundary curves (66) and (67) into the base circle cylinder. The limiting curves (66) and (67) are arranged asymmetrically with respect to each generatrix of the base circle cylinder.

FIG. 12 a shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3) and a rotation body portion (4 a) with a rotation axis (6) and with one Circular cylinder section (2) generating peripheral surface portion (5a) and with end faces (70) and (71). The rotary body part (4a) contacts the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam on the entire axial cam length with the circumferential surface portion (5a) forming the base circle cylinder portion. The axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a) in the selected view forms an angle gamma (72) with the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam. The angle gamma (72) is the projection of the first crossing angle (7) of the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body part (4a) into the plane of the drawing of the selected view.

Fig. 12b shows a plan view of Fig. 12a. The three-dimensional cam rotates about the rotation axis (3). Above it, one sees the rotary body part (4a) with the axis of rotation (6) and with the peripheral surface section (5a) which generates the base circle cylinder section (2) and with the end faces (70) and (71). The axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a) crosses the axis of rotation (3) of the cam at an angle beta (73). The angle beta (73) is the projection of the first crossing angle (7) of the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body part (4a) into the plane of the drawing of the selected view.

13a shows a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and an axis of rotation (3) and a rotary body portion (4a *) having a rotation axis (6) and having a peripheral surface portion (5a) forming the base circle cylinder portion (2) *) as well as with end faces (74) and (75). The rotary body part (4a *) contacts the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam on its entire cam length with the peripheral surface portion (5a *) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2). The axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a *) forms an angle delta (77) in the selected view with the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam. The angle delta (77) is the projection of the second crossing angle (8) of the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body part (4a *) into the plane of the drawing of the selected view. Fig. 13b shows a plan view of Fig. 13a. The three-dimensional cam rotates about the rotation axis (3). Above it, one sees the rotation body (4a *) with the rotation axis (6) and with the peripheral surface (5a *) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) and with the end faces (74) and (75). The rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4a *) crosses the rotation axis (3) of the cam at an angle epsilon (78). The angle epsilon (78) is the projection of the second crossing angle (8) of the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4a *) into the plane of the drawing of the selected view.

Fig. 14 shows a device for producing a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle portion (2) and a rotation axis (3) and a rotation axis (55) in bearings (56) rotatable and longitudinally displaceable in addition and in addition in a displacement device (69) is horizontally displaceable. The cam is contacted over its entire length by continuous, the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portions (5a) and (5a *) a peripheral surface of a rotating body (4) with a rotation axis (6) and a fixed axis of rotation (68).

Fig. 15 shows a device for producing a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle portion (2) and a rotation axis (3) and a rotation axis (55) which is rotatable in bearings (56). The cam is contacted over its entire length by a base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portion (5a) of a rotary body part (4a) and a connecting peripheral surface portion (65) of a connecting cylindrical or frusto-conical body part (76) and a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating Surface portion (5a *) of a rotating body part (4a *) of a rotating body (4) having a rotation axis (6) and a further rotation axis (62). The rotation body can additionally be moved in the vertical direction (61) and in the horizontal direction (60). The axial length of the rotational body parts (4a, 76, 4a *) is at least so large that the peripheral surfaces (5a, 5a *) which produce the base circle cylinder section have the Can produce base circle and portions of the land portion (1) and the connecting peripheral surface portion (65) can generate portions of the land portion (1). The peripheral surface portions (5a, 65, 5a *) merge tangentially into each other.

The method for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the invention proceeds in two steps:

1. Production of a rotating body, which is used as a shaping, preferably rotating tool for the production of the cam and

2. Making the cam with this tool.

1. Production of a rotating body as a tool for cam production

In order to produce the rotary body (4), a body in an arrangement according to FIGS. 1 a and 1b is left at a distance (9) about a rotation axis (6) over a cylinder serving as a tool with the diameter of the base circle cylinder section (2) of FIG later to be produced cam and rotate with an axis corresponding to the axis of rotation (3) of the later produced cam, wherein the serving as a tool cylinder can also rotate. In this case, the axis of rotation of the cylinder serving as a tool and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) intersect at a constant first crossing angle (7). This produces a peripheral surface of the rotating body (5), which serves for the later production of the cam. The rotation body (4) should be at least as long as the three-dimensional cam so that in the cam production during rotation of the rotary body (4) from the first crossing angle (7) to the second crossing angle (8) when passing through the angle zero, the entire axial Cam length (11) is produced. For this purpose, the cylinder serving as a tool must be longer than the base circle cylinder of the three-dimensional cam to be produced. It is Z. B. also possible, with a serving as a tool cylinder of a length equal to the cam length (11) to generate the base circle cylinder section (2) generating peripheral surface portion (5 a) on the rotation body and the other peripheral surface portions (5 b, 5 c) through to as a tool serving cylinder subsequent bodies to produce. Furthermore, it is possible to generate a peripheral surface portion (5a) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) or the entire peripheral surface (5) of the rotation body to calculated dimensions. For an arrangement according to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b with a second crossing angle (8) equal to the negative first crossing angle (7), the radii of the rotating body (4) over the rotation body length (13) result from the following equations:

L = ^Vr% -x ^v (1- (7- A / x) COS ¹ U) ZSmOC R = (A -x) V 1 HrVx ² - 1) cos ² Oc ^'

z = L ^* cos α + (L * sin α - root (r ² -x ² )) ^* tan α

In these equations mean:

A distance (9) between the axis of rotation (3) of the three - dimensional cam or the axis of rotation of the cylinder serving as a tool and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) α first crossing angle (7) between the axis of rotation (3) of the three - dimensional cam or the axis of rotation of the cylinder serving as a tool and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4)

L length coordinate of the rotary body (4) on the axis of rotation (6). The origin L = O is located at half the length (13) of the rotation body (4).

R radius of the rotational body (4) for the longitudinal coordinate L, perpendicular to L. r radius of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam x coordinate of the contact point of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam and the peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotational body (4 ) in the direction of the distance (9), Fig. 1a, 1b. The origin x = 0 lies on the axis of rotation (3) of the cam. z Coordinate of the point of contact of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam and the peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) in the direction of the rotational axis (3) of the cam. The origin z = 0 is on the half cam length (11). b cam length (11) in the direction of the axis of rotation (3) of the cam Computation: Choose X _n <r, compute R _n , L _n and z _n .

If b / 2> Z _n , then R _n and L _{n are} a valid value pair representing the

Rotating body.

With a rotary body as a tool manufactured in the above-described manner, a cam lobe portion (1) can be produced whose boundary curves (66) and (67) from the first crossing angle (7) to the second, same size, but because of rotation of the rotary body (4) Negative crossing angle (8) in the cam production symmetrical to a surface line of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) extend. For the valve train of an internal combustion engine, this results in a longitudinal displacement of the cam, a symmetrical displacement of the timing. Unbalanced shifts in the timing of the valve train of an internal combustion engine can be produced with a three-dimensional cam produced by the above method that in a conventional manner, the rotating in a constant ratio to the main shaft of the engine cam in its longitudinal displacement an additional rotational movement is superimposed on the cam rotation axis ,

Unsymmetrical shifts of the control times for an internal combustion engine can be advantageously produced by an inventive method for producing a rotary body and a three-dimensional cam: A corresponding rotary body (4) contains two rotational body parts (4a, 4a *) with peripheral surfaces (5a, 5a *) and with a common axis of rotation (6); the common rotation axis (6) is differently inclined upon contact of the peripheral surfaces (5a, 5a *) with the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam to the rotation axis (3) of the cam.

In order to produce a corresponding rotary body (4), a first rotary body part (4a) is allowed in an arrangement corresponding to FIGS. 12a and 12b about a rotation axis (6) over a cylinder serving as a tool with the diameter of the base circle cylinder section (2) of FIG to be produced cam and rotate with an axis corresponding to the axis of rotation (3) of the later produced cam, wherein the serving as a tool cylinder can also rotate. The axis of rotation of the cross as a tool serving cylinder (3) and the axis of rotation (6) of the first body part (4a) at a constant first crossing angle (7), in the view shown in Fig. 12a as angle gamma (72) and in the in Fig.12b Top view as angle beta (73) appears. A peripheral surface (5a) of the first body part (4a) is thus produced, which serves for the later production of the cam. In addition, according to FIGS. 13a and 13b, a second body part (4a *) of revolution is produced by placing a body in an arrangement according to FIGS. 13a and 13b about a rotation axis (6) over a cylinder serving as a tool with the diameter of the base circle cylinder section (2) of the cam to be manufactured later, and having an axis corresponding to the rotation axis (3) of the cam to be manufactured later rotate, wherein the serving as a tool cylinder can also rotate. In this case, the axis of rotation of the cylinder serving as a tool (3) and the axis of rotation (6) of the second rotating body part (4a *) intersect at a constant second crossing angle (8), which in the view shown in Fig. 13a as angle delta (77). and which appears in the plan view shown in Fig. 13b as angle epsilon (78). A peripheral surface (5a *) of the second body part (4a *) is thus created, which serves for later production of the cam.

If one adds the rotational body parts (4a, 4a *) of FIGS. 12a and 13a together so that their small end faces (71, 74) coincide, then one obtains a rotational body (4) with which it is possible according to the invention to produce a three-dimensional cam produce, with which unbalanced shifts of the timing for an internal combustion engine can be realized. For this purpose, the small end faces (71, 74) of the rotational body parts (4a, 4a *) have the same diameter and the peripheral surfaces (5a, 5a *) of the rotational body parts (4a, 4a *) merge into each other without kink, ie, that in a plane through the axis of rotation (6) tangent to the peripheral surface (5a) through the outer periphery of the small end face (71) of the first rotary body part (4a) in Fig. 12a and lying in a plane through the axis of rotation (6) tangent to the peripheral surface (5a *) has the same direction through the outer periphery of the small end face (74) of the second rotary body part (4a *) in FIG. 13a. The tangent can z. B. parallel to the axis of rotation (6). The production of a rotation body (4) with the peripheral surfaces (5a, 5a *) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) can advantageously also be made in one piece by calculating the shape of the peripheral surfaces (5a, 5a *).

For manufacturing reasons, it may be expedient not to directly assemble the first and the second rotary body part (4a, 4a *) of FIGS. 12a and 13a, but to connect the rotary body parts to one another via a connecting peripheral surface section (65) of a connecting rotary body part (76). Fig. 11a accordingly shows a rotary body (4) having three peripheral surface portions (5a, 65, 5a *). At the transitions from the peripheral surface portion (5a) of the first rotary body part (4a) to the connecting peripheral surface portion (65), both surface portions have a common tangent. At the transitions from the connecting peripheral surface portion (65) to the peripheral surface portion (5a *) of the second rotating body part (4a *), these two surface portions also have a common tangent. The connecting rotary body part (76) can be made in one piece with the first and / or second rotary body part (4a, 4a *). The peripheral surface portion (5a) of the first rotating body part (4a) is made according to the method explained with reference to FIGS. 12a and 12b so that it can generate a base circle cylinder portion (2) with a suitable position of the rotation axis (6) of the rotating body (4) touches the base circle cylinder section (2) in a contact curve (10), which is at the beginning of cam projection as a limiting curve (66) between base circle cylinder section (2) and elevation portion (1), as shown in the development of the base circle cylinder in Fig. 11b. The peripheral surface portion (5a *) of the second rotating body part (4a *) is manufactured according to the method explained with reference to FIGS. 13a and 13b so that it can produce a base circle cylinder portion (2) with a suitable position of the axis of rotation (6) of the rotating body (4) and touches the base circle cylinder section (2) in a contact curve (10), which represents at the end of the cam lobe as a limiting curve (67) between the base circle cylinder section (2) and elevation portion (1), as shown in the development of the base circle cylinder in Fig. 11 b is. The boundary curves of the land portion (66) and (67) are not symmetrical to a base circle cylinder section generatrix. With a rotary body (4) according to Fig. 11a with or without connecting rotary body part (76) can produce a three-dimensional cam, the z. B. via intermediate links the intake valve of a reciprocating internal combustion engine drives so that the adjustment of the valve closing angle after the bottom dead center is greater than the adjustment of the valve opening angle before top dead center.

It is also possible to produce a rotary body for producing a cam which enables asymmetrical shifts of the timing for an internal combustion engine, comprising a peripheral surface portion (5a) of FIGS. 1a and 1b which generates the base circle cylinder portion (2) and the base circle cylinder portion (FIG. 2) and the second crossing angle (8) in FIG. 2b is not equal to the negative first crossing angle (7) in Fig. 1b, such that the two base circle generating surface portions (5a) of the same diameter adjoin one another. A disadvantage of this arrangement is a kink at the junction of the two base circle generating peripheral surfaces (5a). If this disadvantage is avoided by interposing a peripheral connection surface with tangential transitions to the base circle generating peripheral surfaces (5a), the base circle generating surface portions (5a) may also have different diameters at the boundaries to the peripheral connection surface.

It is also possible, for producing a cam, which enables shifts of the timing for an internal combustion engine only at the beginning or only at the end of the valve lift, to produce a rotary body (4) having a peripheral surface portion (5a) and the base circle cylinder portion (2) generating a further peripheral surface portion (5b), wherein the further peripheral surface portion (5b) is cylindrical or frustoconical. A part of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) and the first transition from the base circle cylinder section (2) to the elevation portion (1) is then connected to the Circular cylinder section (2) generating peripheral surface portion (5a) produced. The rotary body (4), in its movement to produce the land portion (1), inter alia rotates about an axis (12) having a crossing angle (7) and is further moved so that the transition from the land portion (1) to the base circle cylinder portion (2 ) and a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) with the further peripheral surface portion (5b) is generated.

The elevation portion (1) of a three-dimensional cam is produced according to the proposed method by spatially guiding a rotation body (4) such that its peripheral surface (5) always the entire axial length of the base circle portion (2) or the entire axial length of the elevation portion ( 1) touched. In this case, the rotating body can rotate. For special requirements of the survey section of the rotating body can be supplemented in a suitable manner. Thus, Fig. 7 shows a rotary body (4), the peripheral surface portion (5a) with the partial length (13a) of the preparation of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) and the peripheral surface portion (5b) of the production of certain parts of the elevation portion (1) is used. If the peripheral surface portion (5b) of the rotary body (4) is truncated cone-shaped or cylinder-jacket-shaped, then parts of a raised portion (1) can be produced, which enable line contact of a cam follower.

The specified methods for producing a rotating body can be suitably combined. Thus, Fig. 15 shows a rotary body (4) consisting of rotary body parts (4a, 76, 4a *) with peripheral surface portions (5a, 65, 55a *). The peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotating body part (4a) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) is manufactured or calculated in a configuration as shown in Figs. 12a and 12b. The peripheral surface portion (5a *) of the rotating body part (4a *) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) is manufactured or calculated according to a configuration of FIGS. 13a and 13b. The connecting rotary body part (76) with the connecting peripheral surface portion (65) is a cylinder or a truncated cone. The peripheral surface portions (5a, 65, 5a *) merge tangentially into each other. The The peripheral circle sections (5a, 5a *) which generate the base circle cylinder section (2) have an axial length which, in addition to the production of the base circle cylinder section (2), also enables the production of a part of the elevation section (1). The connecting peripheral surface portion (65) has an axial length at least equal to the axial length of the three-dimensional cam.

With a rotary body (4) of Fig. 15, a three-dimensional cam can be produced which enables asymmetrical shifts in the timing for an internal combustion engine and drives a roller (20) having a convex peripheral portion (28) and a frusto-conical peripheral portion (27) such that the frusto-conical peripheral portion (27) of the roller (20) is in line with the cam elevation portion (1) in wide ranges, particularly in areas of high contact force between cam and roller (20).

2. Production of a three-dimensional cam with a rotary body serving as a tool.

To produce a three-dimensional cam, the following procedure is adopted according to the invention:

While a preformed interference cam rotates about its axis of rotation, the rotational axis (6) of a rotary body used as a tool (4) is spatially guided such that the rotary body (4) with its peripheral surface (5) the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam and the elevation portion (1) of the cam and always touches the cam over its entire length. The relative movement between the cam and the rotating body can be generated in different ways. So z. B. the axis of rotation (3) of the cam to be stationary and only the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) to be spatially guided or vice versa. The relative movement between the axis of rotation of the cam (3) and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) can also be generated in that both the axis of rotation of the cam (3) and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) spatial Perform movements.

The method is explained with some examples. Fig. 3 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The axis of rotation of the three-dimensional cam (3) is mounted in stationary bearings. A rotary body (4) rotates about a rotation axis (6), rotates about an axis of rotation (12) and moves in a stroke direction (31), thereby generating with its peripheral surface (5) the three-dimensional cam. For generating the base circle cylinder portion (2), the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) crosses the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam at a first crossing angle (7) at a distance (9), Figs. 1a and 1b, while the cam is moving rotates about its axis of rotation (3). In this case, a peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) generates the base circle cylinder portion (2). After the cam rotation for generating the base circle cylinder section (2), the cam section (1) is produced with further cam rotation, for which the distance (9) between the rotation axis (3) and the rotation axis (6) by movement of the rotation axis (6) in the stroke direction (FIG. 31) and at the same time the rotary body (4) is rotated about the axis of rotation (12). During the cam rotation for generating the elevation section (1), a lifting movement of the rotary body (4) takes place in the stroke direction (31) from a zero stroke to a maximum stroke and back to the zero stroke and a rotation of the rotary body (4) about the axis of rotation (12) the first crossing angle (7) over the crossing angle zero to a second crossing angle (8), wherein the second crossing angle (8) is equal to the negative first crossing angle (7). Upon reaching the zero stroke, the peripheral surface (5a) of the rotary body (4) with the second crossing angle (8) on the base circle cylinder section (2). As the cam continues to rotate, the peripheral surface (5a) now produces a partial surface of the base circle cylinder section (2) at the second crossing angle (8). As soon as a region of the base circle cylinder section (2) has been reached which has already been produced at the first crossing angle (7), the rotary body (4) used as a tool is lifted off. In this way, a three-dimensional cam is produced by using the peripheral surface (5a) to produce the base circle cylinder portion (2) and using the peripheral surfaces (5a), (5b) and (5c) to form the land portion (1). In this case, the peripheral surface (5a) in the manner described above by means of a Cylindrical cylinder can be made as a tool or due to calculated coordinates. The change in the position of the rotary body (4) in the lifting direction (31) and in the direction of rotation about the axis of rotation (12) during the cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) for generating the elevation portion (1) is suitably chosen so that a desired shape of the Survey portion (1) of the cam results. In order to produce the elevation portion (1) over its entire axial length (11), the total axial length (13) of the rotation body (4) must be at least as large as the axial length (13) of the three-dimensional cam.

Fig. 6 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The axis of rotation of the three-dimensional cam (3) is mounted in stationary bearings. A rotary body (4) rotates about a rotation axis (6), rotates about a rotation axis (12) and about a further axis (62) and moves in the stroke direction (61). The rotary body (4) generates with its peripheral surface (5), which is composed of three sections (5a), (5b) and (5c), the three-dimensional cam. For generating the base circle cylinder portion (2), the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) crosses the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam at a first crossing angle (7) at a distance (9), Figs. 1a and 1b, while the cam is moving rotates about its axis of rotation (3). In this case, a peripheral surface (5a) of the rotary body (4) generates the base circle cylinder section (2). After the cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) for Grundkreiszylinderabschnitterzeugung takes place under further cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) the generation of the elevation portion (1), for which the rotating body (4) in the stroke direction (61) and moves about the axis of rotation (12) and the rotation axis (62) is rotated. At the same time, the rotating body can rotate about its axis of rotation (6).

During the cam rotation for generating the elevation section (1), a lifting movement of the rotation body (4) in the stroke direction (61) takes place from a zero stroke to a maximum stroke and back to the zero stroke and a rotation of the rotation body (4) about the rotation axis (12) of FIG the first crossing angle (7) via the crossing angle zero to a second crossing angle (8) which is negative equal to the first crossing angle (7), and a rotation of the rotation body (4) about the rotation axis (62) from an exit angle on leaving the base circle cylinder section (2) to an angle to be selected and back to the exit angle. Upon reaching the zero stroke, the peripheral surface (5a) of the rotary body (4) with the second crossing angle (8) on the base circle cylinder section (2). As the cam continues to rotate about the axis of rotation (3), the peripheral surface (5a) now produces at the second crossing angle (8) a partial surface of the base circle cylinder section (2). As soon as a region of the base circle cylinder section (2) has been reached which has already been produced at the first crossing angle (7), the rotary body (4) used as a tool is lifted off. The rotary body (4) has rotated during the generation of the elevation portion (1) by an angle of the magnitude of twice the amount of the first crossing angle (7) about its axis of rotation (12)

In this way, a three-dimensional cam is produced by using the peripheral surface (5a) to produce the base circle portion (2) and using the peripheral surfaces (5a), (5b) and (5c) to form the land portion (1). In this case, the peripheral surface (5a) can be produced in a manner described above by means of a base circle cylinder as a tool or on the basis of calculated coordinates. The change in the position of the rotary body in the stroke direction (61) and in the direction of rotation about the axes of rotation (12) and (62) during the cam rotation about its axis of rotation (3) for generating the elevation portion (1) is suitably chosen so that a desired shape of the survey section (1). The further axis of rotation (62) influences the course of the height of the cam lobe over the length of the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam.

4 shows by way of example a further device for producing a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). A rotary body (4) with a peripheral surface (5) and a rotation axis (6) is rotatable in bearings (47), rotatable about an axis of rotation (12) and rotatable about a further cam-raising displaceable axis of rotation (41). In order to make the cam-raising rotational axis (41) displaceable relative to the rotational body (4), two displacement devices (43) and (44) are displaceable. intended. The peripheral surface (5) of the rotating body (4) is not subdivided in this example, but made entirely using the mathematical relationships given above or using an elongated base circle cylinder as a tool.

For generating the base circle cylinder portion (2), the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) crosses the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam at a first crossing angle (7) at a distance (9), Figs. 1a and 1b, while the cam is moving rotates about its axis of rotation (3). At this time, a portion of the peripheral surface (5) of the rotation body (4) generates the base circle cylinder portion (2). After the cam rotation about its axis of rotation (3) for generating the base circle cylinder section (2), the cam section (1) is produced with further cam rotation about the rotation axis (3), to which the rotation body (4) around the rotation axis (41) and about the rotation axis (12) is rotated. At the same time, the rotating body can rotate about its axis of rotation (6). During the cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) of the cam for generating the elevation portion (1), the rotation body (4) is rotated about the rotation axis (41) from an initial angle indicated by zero stroke of the rotation body (4) to a maximum angle and back again to the initial angle and a rotation of the rotary body (4) about the axis of rotation (12) from the first crossing angle (7) over the crossing angle zero to a second crossing angle (8) which is equal to the negative first crossing angle. Upon reaching the zero stroke, the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) with the second crossing angle (8) on the base circle cylinder section (2). As the cam continues to rotate about its axis of rotation (3), a portion of the peripheral surface (5) now produces at the second crossing angle (8) a partial surface of the base circle cylinder section (2). As soon as a region of the base circle cylinder section (2) has been reached which has already been produced at the first crossing angle (7), the rotating body (4) used as a tool is lifted off by rotation about the axis of rotation (41). In this way, a three-dimensional cam is produced by using a portion of the peripheral surface (5) to produce the base circle portion (2) and using a larger portion of the peripheral surface (5) to form the land portion (1). The change in the position of the rotating body by rotation about the axis of rotation (41) and about the axis of rotation (12) during the Cam rotation about its axis of rotation (3) for generating the elevation portion (1) is suitably chosen so that a desired shape of the elevation portion (1) results. By shifting the rotation axis (41) relative to the rotation body (6) by means of the displacement means (43) and (44) one can change the profile of the height of the cam lobe over the length of the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam.

FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, a further device for producing a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The three-dimensional cam is rotatable in bearings (58) and rotatable in stationary bearings (56) about an axis of rotation (55) and vertically displaceable in these bearings (56). A rotary body (4) with a peripheral surface (5) and a rotation axis (6) is rotatable in bearings (54) and displaceable in the direction of the axis (6) and rotatable about a cam-raising axis of rotation (41). Furthermore, the cam elevation generating axis (41) by means of a displacement device (43) is displaceable. The peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) is not subdivided in this example, but made entirely using an elongated base circle cylinder as a tool according to an arrangement of Fig. 1a and 1b or an arrangement of FIGS. 12a and 12b. To produce the base circle cylinder section (2) with a rotational body (4) produced according to the arrangement of FIGS. 1a and 1b as a tool, the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) and the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam intersect with a first one Crossing angle (7) at a distance (9), Fig. 1a and 1b, while the cam rotates about its axis of rotation (3). Here, the cam elevation generating axis (41) is set so that the rotation axes (3) and (6) are parallel to each other. In this way, a portion of the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) generates the base circle cylinder portion (2).

After the cam rotation about its axis of rotation (3) for generating the base circle cylinder section (2), the cam section (1) is produced with further cam rotation about the rotation axis (3). For this purpose, the three-dimensional cam in addition to a rotation axis (55) of a first Crossing angle (7) rotated over the crossing angle zero to a second KreuΣungswinkel (8), which is negative equal to the first crossing angle (7), and the rotary body (4) about the cam lobe generating rotation axis (41) of a zero stroke of the rotating body ( 4) to a maximum angle and then back to the output angle. At the same time, the rotating body can rotate about its axis of rotation (6).

Upon reaching the zero stroke of the rotary body (4) or the output angle of rotation about the cam lobe generating rotation axis (41) this sets with its peripheral surface (5) with the second crossing angle (8) on the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam. As the cam continues to rotate about the rotation axis (3), a portion of the peripheral surface (5) now produces, with the second crossing angle (8), a partial surface of the base circle cylinder portion (2). As soon as a region of the base circle cylinder section (2) has been reached which has already been produced at the first crossing angle (7), the rotating body (4) used as a tool is lifted off by rotation about the axis of rotation (41). In this way, a three-dimensional cam is produced by using a portion of the peripheral surface (5) to produce the base circle cylinder portion (2) and using a larger portion of the peripheral surface (5) to form the land portion (1). The change in the position of the rotary body (4) by rotation about the rotation axis (41) and the change of the position of the cam by rotation about the rotation axis (55) during the cam rotation about its axis of rotation (3) to produce the ridge portion (1) are expediently chosen so that there is a desired shape of the elevation portion (1). By shifting the axis of rotation (41) relative to the rotary body (6) by means of the displacement device (43) and by displacement of the rotary body (4) in the bearing (54), one can additionally influence the shape of the elevation portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam.

12a with an angle gamma (72) as a projection of a first crossing angle (7) in the plane of the drawing of Fig. 12a and after Fig. 12b with an angle beta (73) as a projection of the first crossing angle (7) in the plane of the drawing of Fig.12b made, it is about the axes of rotation (41) and (55) and on the displacement means (43) and / or on the displacement of the rotary body (4) in its Achslagerung (54) and by vertical displacement of the cam in the storage (56) its axis of rotation (55) to set the first crossing angle (7) between the rotational axis (3) of the cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) in the generation of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) of the three-dimensional cam. During the production of the elevation portion (1) there is a relative movement between the rotation body (4) and cams such that the rotation body (4) after generating the elevation portion (1) with a portion of its peripheral surface (5) with a second crossing angle (8) Rotary axis (3) of the cam and rotation axis (6) of the rotary body (4) again on the Grundkreizylinderabschnitt (2) touches. Otherwise, the production of the cam takes place as previously described.

14 shows, by way of example, another device for producing a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The three-dimensional cam is rotatable about its axis of rotation (3) and rotatable about an axis of rotation (55) in bearings (56) and vertically displaceable. The bearings (56) are horizontally displaceable in a displacement device (69). A rotary body (4) with two circumferential surface sections (5a, 5a *) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) is rotatable about its axis of rotation (6) and rotatable about an axis of rotation (68). The peripheral surface portions (5a, 5a *) of the rotation body (4) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) are made to calculated dimensions in this example. In this case, the peripheral surface portion (5a) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) became an arrangement of Figs. 12a and 12b and the second peripheral surface portion (5a *) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) is an arrangement of Figs. 13a and 13b based on. Each of the two different, the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating peripheral surface portions (5a, 5a *) is thus suitable to produce a portion of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) of the three-dimensional cam in a corresponding position of the rotating body (4). To produce the base circle cylinder section (2) with such a rotary body (4) as a tool, the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) to the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam assumes a position according to FIGS. 12a and 12b Position of the angle gamma (72) and beta (73) is characterized, while the cam rotates about its axis of rotation (3). At this time, the peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) generates a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam. After the cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) of the cam for producing a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2), the cam portion (1) of the cam is formed with further cam rotation about the rotation axis (3). For this purpose, the three-dimensional cam is additionally rotated about an axis of rotation (55) from the angle beta (73) through the angle zero to an angle epsilon (78), lifted vertically by displacement of the axis of rotation (55) in the bearings (46) and lowered again and moved horizontally in the displacement device (69). In this case, the rotary body (4) rotates about the axis of rotation (68) from an angle gamma (72) at the beginning of the elevation section to an angle delta (77) at the end of the elevation section. At the same time, the rotating body can rotate about its axis of rotation (6).

The movements of the cam and the rotary body (4) are controlled so that the rotary body (4) after preparation of the land portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam with the second peripheral surface (5a *) in a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating constellation after Fig. 13a and 13b is located. While the cam rotates further about its axis of rotation (3), the peripheral surface section (5a *) of the rotary body (4) now produces a partial surface of the base circle cylinder section (FIG. 13a and 13b) with the positions of the axes of rotation (6) and (3) kept constant. 2). As soon as a region of the base circle cylinder section (2) has been reached, which has already been produced with the peripheral surface (5a), the cam is lowered, ie base circle cylinder section (2) and rotary body (4) are brought out of contact. In this way, a three-dimensional cam is used by using a peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) to produce a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) and using a second peripheral surface portion (5a *) to produce another remaining part of the base circle cylinder portion (2 ) of Cam and using the two peripheral surface portions (5a) and (5a *) to produce the raised portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam made. The change in the position of the rotary body and the cam during the cam rotation to produce the ridge portion (1) is suitably selected so as to give a desired shape of the ridge portion (1) of the cam. The three-dimensional cam produced in the manner described generates limiting curves (66 and 67 in Fig. 11b) of the elevation portion (1), which do not extend symmetrically to a surface line of the master cylinder.

Fig. 15 shows an example of another device for producing a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The three-dimensional cam is rotatable about its axis of rotation (3) and rotatable about an axis of rotation (55) in bearings (56). A rotary body (4) with two circumferential surface sections (5a, 5a *) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) and a connecting peripheral surface section (65) is rotatable about its axis of rotation (6), rotatable around a rotation axis (62) and in the vertical direction (FIG. 61) and in the horizontal direction (60) displaceable. The peripheral surface portions (5a, 5a *) of the rotation body (4) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) are made to calculated dimensions in this example. In this case, the peripheral surface portion (5a) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) became an arrangement of Figs. 12a and 12b and the second peripheral surface portion (5a *) generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) is an arrangement of Figs. 13a and 13b based on. Each of the two different, the

Circular cylinder section (2) generating peripheral surface portions (5a, 5a ^* ) is thereby suitable, with a corresponding position of the rotary body (4) to produce a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam. The connecting peripheral surface portion (65) is suitable inter alia, with a corresponding change in the position of the rotary body (4) and the cam to produce a portion of the elevation portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam, which extends over the entire axial cam length (11) and the when contacting with a frusto-conical or cylindrical portion (27) of a Roller (20) gives a line contact between cam and roller. For this purpose, the connecting peripheral surface portion (65) must be at least so long that it touches the cam over the entire axial cam length (11) in the generation of this region of the elevation portion (1).

To produce the base circle cylinder section (2) with such a rotary body (4) as a tool, the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) to the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam assumes a position according to FIGS. 12a and 12b Position of the angle gamma (72) and beta (73) is characterized, while the cam rotates about its axis of rotation (3). At this time, the peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) generates a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the three-dimensional cam. After the cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) of the cam for producing a part of the base circle cylinder section (2), further cam rotation about the rotation axis (3) produces a first region of the elevation section (1) of the cam. For this purpose, the three-dimensional cam is rotated about its axis of rotation (3) and additionally about the axis of rotation (55) and the rotary body (4) is rotated about the axis of rotation (62) and moved in the vertical direction (61) and in the horizontal direction (60). At the same time, the rotating body can rotate about its axis of rotation (6). The generation of the first region of the elevation portion (1) is completed as soon as the rotation body (4) reaches a position in which the rotation body only with its connecting peripheral surface (65) generates the elevation portion and in which the axis of rotation (3) of the cam and intersect the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body at an angle Kappa.

There is now the generation of a second region of the elevation portion (1). This second region of the elevation portion (1) is characterized in that it is generated only by the connecting peripheral surface (65) and the movements of cam and rotation body (4) during rotation of the cam about its axis of rotation (3) take place so that the axis of rotation (3) of the cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotating body intersect or so as to make line contact upon contacting the second portion of the land portion (1) with a peripheral frusto-conical or cylindrical portion (27) of a roller (20) , In the special case of a guided perpendicular to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam roller (20) of the cam is only about his Rotated rotation axis and the rotational body performs only a movement in the vertical direction (61), so that the intersection angle between the axis of rotation (3) of the cam and the axis of rotation of the rotary body (4) remains constant. There is now the generation of a third area of the elevation section (1). While the cam continues to rotate about its axis of rotation, the movements of the cam and the rotary body (4) are controlled so that the rotary body (4), after the third portion of the elevation portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam is formed with the second peripheral surface (5a). ) is in a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating constellation of FIG. 13a and 13b.

While the cam rotates further about its axis of rotation (3), the peripheral surface section (5a *) of the rotary body (4) now produces a partial surface of the base circle cylinder section (FIG. 13a and 13b) with the positions of the axes of rotation (6) and (3) kept constant. 2). As soon as a region of the base circle cylinder section (2) has been reached, which has already been produced with the peripheral surface (5a), the rotation body (4) is lifted off, i. Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) and rotating body (4) are brought out of contact.

In this way, a three-dimensional cam is made by using a peripheral surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) to produce a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) and using a second peripheral surface portion (5a *) to produce another remaining part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam and using the three peripheral surface portions (5a) and (5a *) and (65) to produce the land portion (1) of the three-dimensional cam. The survey section (1) consists of three areas. In the production of the first portion of the land portion, the position of the rotating body (4) and the cam change so that the second portion of the land portion only with the peripheral surface (65) in the described constellation of rotation axis (6) and rotation axis (3) of the cam can be generated. The generation of the first region of the land portion (1) ends before a second region of the land portion (1) is reached, which when touched by a roller (20) is subjected to a high contact force. This second area of the land portion allows line contact of Cam and roller (20). The generation of the third area of the land portion (1) starts after the second area is completed. The three-dimensional cam produced in the manner described produces boundary curves (66 and 67 in FIG. 11b) of the land portion (1) which are not symmetrical about a generatrix of the base circle cylinder and allows line contact between cam and roll in a wide central area of the land portion (FIG. 1) of the cam with high contact force between cam and cam follower.

In order to produce a cam which allows continuous movements of the cam follower in the second derivative over time, it is necessary to also continuously carry out the movements of the cam and rotary body (4) in the generation of the land portion (1).

The rotary body described above is used as a tool for producing the three-dimensional cam. The rotating body may e.g. be a rotating grinding wheel or a rotating cutter or a forming tool or a material-removing electrode. The described shape of the peripheral surface of the rotating body may also be the basis for laser production of the cam or for material removal by a jet (e.g., water or sand). The shape of the rotating body may also serve as a basis for treatments such as polishing, pressure-setting, hardening, etc., as well as other known manufacturing methods. Also, for the production of model cam, such as for producing a cam model for producing a sintered mold for a finished cam or an oversize Rohnocken the described peripheral surface of the rotating body can be used.

When wear of the rotating body, z. As a grinding wheel, one will adjust the position of the axes of rotation (6) and / or (3) and the peripheral surfaces of the rotating body (4) optionally give a shape such that approximately the same boundary curves (66, 67) between the base circle cylinder section ( 2) and raised portion (1) as before wear.

An inventive longitudinally displaceable three-dimensional cam drives a cam follower when used in a machine or other device at least partially by point contact. The contact force between cam and cam follower is absorbed by Hertzian pressure and by hydrodynamic pressure in the vicinity of the contact point. With increasing rotational speeds of the rotating cam, the contact force increases due to increasing mass forces of the moving driven parts. On the other hand, the hydrodynamic pressure increases with increasing speeds or relative speeds at the contact point, so that the hydrodynamic pressure contributes to reducing the Hertzian pressure at the contact point. It may therefore be essential to wet the contact surfaces of the cam and cam follower with a viscous fluid.

It is also expedient to provide the cam with a lubricant, since even with a rolling cam follower sliding between cam and cam follower can occur.

The contact surface of the cam follower will form the expert convex with the greatest possible radius of curvature. Fig. 8 shows z. B. as a cam follower a roller (20) having an axis (21) and a cam-contacting peripheral surface (24). The cam-contacting peripheral surface (24) is arranged so that its radii of curvature are large, the roller (20) has a small length in the direction of its axis (21) and the cam contact point is always in a middle length range of the roller. Since a sliding movement occurs at the contact surfaces in addition to a rolling movement, as can be seen from the track (25) of the roller on the cam, friction-reducing measures on the cam, roller (20) and lubricant are a matter of course.

A further measure for achieving a large radius of curvature of a peripheral roller surface is shown in FIG. 9. Here, a large radius of curvature is achieved by a suitable position of the roller axle (21) relative to the cam axle (3). In this case, the direction of movement (22) of the roller can be arranged arbitrarily, but preferably perpendicular to the cam axis (3) or perpendicular to the roller axis (21).

Fig. 10 shows a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1), a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3). The elevation section (1) has a central region (26). The three-dimensional cam is generated by a rotary body (4) having a rotation axis (6) with a peripheral surface portion generating the base circle cylinder portion (2) (5a) and having a frusto-conical portion (5b) forming the central portion (26) of the land portion (1) of the cam. The three-dimensional cam drives a roller (20) having a rotation axis (21) having a convex peripheral portion (28) which, as the cam rotates about its axis of rotation (3), has its base circle cylinder portion (2) and adjacent to the base circle cylinder portion (2) Areas of the elevation portion (1) touched by points and having a frusto-conical peripheral portion (27) which is in line with the rotation of the cam about its axis of rotation (3) whose central region (26) of the elevation portion (1). The axis of rotation (21) of the roller (20) is guided parallel to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam.

When used in internal combustion engines, a driven according to the invention of a three-dimensional cam roller according to the prior art in a lift valve driving rocker arm, rocker arm or plunger is mounted. For reasons of friction you will prefer a rolling bearing. Instead of the roller, a suitably shaped sliding surface can also contact the three-dimensional cam.

The three-dimensional cam

A cam produced according to the method described above with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3) has the following features according to the invention:

1. The cam has a shape such that each point of the land portion (1) and each point of the base circle cylinder portion (2) can be contacted by a body of revolution (4) in a contact curve (10) extending over the entire axial cam length (11) extends.

2. The cam has a shape such that a rotation body (4) contacting the cam with its peripheral surface (5) on the entire cam length (11), when in contact with the elevation portion (1), rotates from a first crossing angle (7) to a second crossing angle (8) executes.

3. The cam has a shape that can be produced with only one rotary body (4), wherein the raised portion (1) and the elevation portion (I) adjacent parts of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) in the production only once must be processed.

4. The cam has a shape such that each section perpendicular to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam includes a cam outer contour cutting line whose at least second derivative is continuous.

5. The cam has limiting curves (66, 67) between the base circle cylinder section (2) and the elevation section (1), which extend continuously over the entire cam length and which extend symmetrically or asymmetrically to a surface line of the base circle cylinder section (2).

6. The cam may have a central portion (26) of the elevation portion (1) to which a cylinder can be placed at each point so as to contact the cam over the entire axial length (11), and has two edge portions of Bump portion (1) between the central region and the boundary (66, 67) to the base circle cylinder portion (2), to which at each point a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) can create that a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating curved surface portion (5a, 5a *) contains.

7. The cam may have a central portion (26) of the land portion (1) to which at each point a cylinder whose axis intersects the axis of rotation (3) of the cam at a constant angle may be engaged to engage the cam on at least a part of the axial length

(II), and has two peripheral portions of the land portion (1) adjacent to the boundary curves (66, 67) between the land portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2), to which a peripheral surface (5) of each land at a point Rotary body (4) create, which contains a the base circle cylinder section (2) generating curved surface portion (5a, 5a *). Between the middle region and the edge regions, further regions of the elevation section (1) can be arranged.

The cam according to the invention can be used in machines and devices. For tapping the variable cam contour of the cam and / or the cam follower are changed in their position. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 elevation portion of the three-dimensional cam

2 base circle cylinder portion of the three-dimensional cam

3 rotation axis of the three-dimensional cam

4 rotary body, 4a first rotary body part, 4a * second rotary body part

5 Peripheral surface of the rotation body (4), 5a, 5a * the surface portion (5) of the base circle cylinder portion (2) generating surface area,

5b, 5c lateral surface portion of the peripheral surface (5)

6 rotation axis of the rotation body (4)

7 First crossing angle between the rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4).

8 Second crossing angle between the rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4).

9 distance between rotation axis (3) of the cam and rotation axis (6)

10 contact curve

11 Length of the cam along its axis of rotation (3)

12 rotation axis of the rotation body (4)

13 length of the rotary body (4) along its axis of rotation (6)

13a length of the surface portion (5a) of the rotation body (4) along its red. Axis (6)

20 roll

21 axis of rotation of the roller (20)

22 direction of movement of the roller (20)

24 cam-contacting peripheral roller surface

25 track of the roller (20) on the cam

26 Middle portion of the land portion (1) of the cam

27 Frustoconical portion of the cam-contacting peripheral roller surface

28 convex portion of the cam-contacting peripheral roller surface 31 stroke direction of the rotational body (4)

41, the cam elevation generating another axis of rotation

42 connection between the further rotation axis (41) and the rotation axis (12) of the rotation body (4)

43 displacement device which generates the cam elevation, further rotation axis (41)

44 shifting device within the connection (42)

45 connecting part between the rotation axis (12) and rotation axis (6) of the rotational body

46 bearing of the axis of rotation (12) in the connecting part (45)

47 bearing of the axis of rotation (6) in the connecting part (45) Connection between cam lobe generating the rotation axis (41) and bearing (54) Supporting the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) for rotation and longitudinal displacement of the rotation axis of the cam bearing the axis of rotation (55) of the cam connecting part with bearings (58) and with the axis of rotation ( 3) of the three-dimensional cam Displacement direction of the rotation body (4) Stroke direction of the rotation body (4) Further rotation axis for adjusting the course of the height of the cam lobe over the rotation axis (3) of the three-dimensional cam on the base circle cylinder unwinding portion shown (1) Surface portion of the peripheral surface (5) of the rotation body (4) connecting the base circle cylinder portion (2). Boundary curve. Bump section (1) merges into the base circle cylinder section (2). Limiting curve. Bump section (1) merges into the base circle cylinder section (2). Stationary rotation axis of the rotation body (4) Displacement device End face of the rotation body part (4a) End face of the rotation body part (4a) Angle gamma. Projection of the first crossing angle (7) of the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a) in the plane of the selected view. Angle beta. Projection of the first crossing angle (7) of the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a) in the plane of the selected view. End face of the rotating body part (4a *) End face of the rotating body part (4a *) Connecting body of rotational body Angle delta. Projection of the second crossing angle (8) of the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a *) in the plane of the selected view. Angle epsilon. Projection of the second crossing angle (8) of the axis of rotation (3) of the three-dimensional cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body part (4a *) in the plane of the selected view.

Claims

claims 1. A method for producing a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) and a rotation axis (3) which drives a cam follower, in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, characterized in that the raised portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam is generated from at least parts of a peripheral surface (5) of a rotation body (4) contacting the cam over its entire axial length (11), the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) the rotation axis (3) of the cam crosses at a first crossing angle (7) or at a second crossing angle (8) when the base circle cylinder section (2) is formed, and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) for generating the elevation section (1) relative to Rotation axis (3) of the cam performs a spatial movement, the rotation about an axis of rotation (12, 55) of which he most crossing angle (7) to the second crossing angle (8). 2. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portion (5a) or two the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portions (5a , 5a *) or a surface section (5a) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) and one or two lateral surface sections (5b, 5c) or two surface sections (5a, 5a *) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) and a connecting surface section (65) and the surface sections (5a, 5a *, 5b, 5c, 65) have at their connection points a common tangent lying in a plane through the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4). 3. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the first surface portion (5a) or of the first and the second surface portion (5a, 5a *) is generated. 4. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the base circle cylinder portion (2) and the elevation portion (1) of the first surface portion (5a) or of the first and the second surface portion (5a, 5a ^* ) be generated. 5. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the lateral surface portions (5b, 5c) and / or the connecting surface portion (65) have the surface shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder. 6. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the second crossing angle (8) is equal to the negative first crossing angle. 7. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the second crossing angle (8) is equal to zero. 8. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the first the The base circle cylinder portion (2) generating surface portion (5a) generates a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) having the first crossing angle (7) between the rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) and the second one generates the base circle cylinder portion (2 ) generating surface portion (5a *) generates a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) having the second crossing angle (8) between the rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4). 9. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1, 2 and 7, characterized in that the second base circle cylinder section generating surface portion (5a *) has the surface shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder. 10. A method for producing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the axial length of the lateral surface portion (5b) and / or the axial length of the further lateral surface portion (5c) and / or the axial length of the connecting surface portion (65) is at least as large as the axial length (11) of the cam. 11. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) has a base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portion (5a) and further surface portions and the axial length of the base circle cylinder portion (2) generating peripheral surface portion (5a) is smaller than the axial length (11) of the cam. 12. A method for producing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one of the base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portions (5a, 5a *) a plane through the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) in one curved curve intersects. 13. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to claim 1, characterized in that the cam and / or the rotary body (4) in the generation of the elevation portion (2) perform spatial movements, the rotation about a rotation axis (3) of the Cam or to the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) vertical axis of rotation (41, 62, 68) and / or a rectilinear displacement (31, 60, 61) and / or a displacement along their axes of rotation (3, 6). 14. An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3), in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, characterized in that the elevation portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2 ) of the cam of at least parts of a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) which contacts the cam over its entire axial length (11), the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) being the axis of rotation (3) of the cam at generation of the base circle cylinder section (2) crosses at a first crossing angle (7) or a second crossing angle (8), and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) for generating the elevation section (1) relative to the rotation axis (3) of FIG Cam performs a spatial movement, the rotation about an axis of rotation (12, 55) from the first crossing angle (7) to d em second crossing angle (8). 15. Device for producing a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a A rotation axis (3), in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, having a rotation body (4) with an axis of rotation (6) for generating the elevation portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam at least with parts of its peripheral surface (5) can contact the cam over its entire axial length (11), characterized in that the rotary body (4) and / or the cam can perform a rotational movement about a rotational axis (12, 55) and the axis of rotation (12, 55) both the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) and the axis of rotation (3) of the cam at least approximately intersects. 16. A device for producing a three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3), in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, which has a rotation body (4) with a rotation axis (6), in that, for producing the elevation portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam, at least parts of its peripheral surface (5) can contact the cam over its entire axial length (11), characterized in that each section line of the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) with a plane which runs through the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4), at least in sections is curved. 17. Device for producing a three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3), in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, which has a rotation body (4) with a rotation axis (6), for contacting the boss portion (1) and the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the cam, at least with parts of its peripheral surface (5), can contact the cam over its entire axial length (11), characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) has different peripheral surface portions (5a, 5a *, 5b, 5c, 65) spatially moved so as to contact the cam one by one or in groups as it is formed. 18. A device for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) a base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portion (5a) or two the base circle cylinder portion (2) generating surface portions (5a, 5a *) or a surface section (5a) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) and one or two lateral surface sections (5b, 5c) or two surface sections (5a, 5a *) generating the base circle cylinder section (2) and a connecting surface section (65) ), and the surface portions (5a, 5a * 5b, 5c, 65) have at their connection points in a plane through the axis of rotation (6) of the rotation body (4) lying common tangent. Device for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the base circle cylinder section (2) is produced by the first surface section (5a) or by the first and the second surface section (5a, 5a *). 20. A device for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the base circle cylinder section (2) and the raised portion (1) of the first surface portion (5a) or of the first and the second surface portion (5a, 5a *) are generated. 21. A device for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the lateral surface portions (5b, 5c) and / or the connecting surface portion (65) have the surface shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder. 22. A device for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the second crossing angle (8) is equal to the negative first crossing angle. 23. A device for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the first crossing angle (7) or the second crossing angle (8) is equal to zero. 24. An apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the first the base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portion (5a) a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) with the first KreuΣungswinkel (7) between the rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) and the second base circle cylinder portion (2) generating surface portion (5a *) a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) with the second crossing angle (8) between the rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4). 25. A device for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2 and 23, characterized in that the first or the second base circle cylinder portion generating surface portion (5a, 5a *) has the surface shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder. 26. A device for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the axial length of the lateral surface portion (5b) and / or the axial length of the further lateral surface portion (5c) and / or the axial length of connecting surface portion (65) is at least as large as the axial length (11) of the cam. 27. A device for producing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) has a base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portion (5a) and further surface portions and the axial length of the the circumferential circle cylinder portion (2) generating peripheral surface portion (5a) is smaller than the axial length (11) of the cam. 28. An apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one of the base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portions (5a, 5a ^* ) a plane through the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) cuts in a curved curve. 29. A device for manufacturing a three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1, characterized in that the cam and / or the rotation body (4) in the generation of the elevation portion (2) perform spatial movements, the rotation about a rotation axis (3) of the cam or to the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) vertical axis of rotation (41, 62, 68) and or a straight longitudinal displacement (31, 60, 61) and / or a displacement along their axes of rotation (3, 6). 30. Three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) and a rotation axis (3) which drives a cam follower, in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, characterized in that the raised portion (1) and the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt ( 2) of the cam of at least parts of a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) having contacted the cam over its entire axial length (11), the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) defining the rotational axis (3 ) of the cam when the base circle cylinder portion (2) is formed at a first crossing angle (7) or at a second crossing angle (8), and the rotation axis (6) of the rotating body (4) for generating the land portion (1) relative to the rotation axis (3) of the cam carried out a spatial movement, the rotation about an axis of rotation (12, 55) from the first crossing angle (7) to the second crossing angle (8) included. 31. Three-dimensional cam according to the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portion (5a) or two the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portions (5a, 5a *) or a surface section (5a) which generates the base circle cylinder section (2) and one or two lateral surface sections (5b, 5c) or two surface sections (5a, 5a *) which produce the base circle cylinder section (2) and a connecting surface section (65), and the surface sections (5a, 5a *, 5b, 5c, 65) have at their connection points a common tangent lying in a plane through the axis of rotation (6) of the rotation body (4). 32. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the base circle cylinder portion (2) of the first surface portion (5a) or of the first and the second surface portion (5a, 5a *) is generated. 33. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the base circle cylinder section (2) and the raised portion (1) of the first surface portion (5a) or of the first and the second surface portion (5a, 5a *) generates become. 34. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the lateral surface portions (5b, 5c) and / or the connecting surface portion (65) of the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) has the surface shape of a truncated cone or having a cylinder. 35. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the second crossing angle (8) is equal to the negative first crossing angle. 36. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the first crossing angle (7) or the second crossing angle (8) is equal to zero. 37. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the first the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portion (5a) a part of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitts (2) with the first crossing angle (7) between the rotation axis (3) of the Cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) and the second base circle cylinder section (2) generating surface portion (5a *) a part of the base circle cylinder portion (2) with the second crossing angle (8) between the axis of rotation (3) of the cam and the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) generated. 38. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2 and 36, characterized in that the first or the second circular base cylinder section generating the surface portion (5a, 5a *) has the surface shape of a truncated cone or a cylinder. 39. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the axial length of the lateral surface portion (5b) and / or the axial length of the further lateral surface portion (5c) and / or the axial length of the connecting surface portion (65 ) is at least as large as the axial length (11) of the cam. 40. Three-dimensional cam according to the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral surface (5) of the rotary body (4) has a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portion (5a) and further surface portions and the axial length of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2 ) generating peripheral surface portion (5a) is smaller than the axial length (11) of the cam. 41. Three-dimensional cam according to the method of claim 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one of the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating surface portions (5a, 5a *) a plane through the axis of rotation (6) of the rotary body (4) in a curved curve cuts. 42. Three-dimensional cam according to the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cam and / or the rotational body (4) in the generation of the elevation portion (2) perform spatial movements, the rotation about an axis of rotation (3) of the cam or to the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) vertical axis of rotation (41, 62, 68) and / or a straight longitudinal displacement (31, 60, 61) and / or a displacement along their axes of rotation (3, 6). 43. Three-dimensional cam having a raised portion (1) and a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) and a rotation axis (3) which drives a cam follower, in particular for the variable actuation of lift valves in internal combustion engines, characterized in that at each point of the elevation portion (1) and the base circle portion (2) of the cam causes a peripheral surface (5) of a rotary body (4) to be applied such that the peripheral surface (5) contacts the cam over its entire axial length (11). 44. Three-dimensional cam with a raised portion (1) and a base circle cylinder portion (2) and a rotation axis (3) having a Cam follower drives, in particular for the variable actuation of Hubventiien in internal combustion engines, characterized in that a Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2) generating peripheral surface (5a, 5a *) of a rotating body (4) to create the Grundkreiszylinderabschnitt (2), that the The rotation axis (3) of the cam and the rotation axis (6) of the rotation body (4) intersect and the peripheral surface (5a, 5a *) of the rotation body (4) touches the base circle cylinder portion (2) on the entire axial cam length (11), and the peripheral surface (5a, 5a ^* ) of the rotation body (4) can be applied to a region of the elevation section (1) adjacent to the base circle cylinder section (2) such that the peripheral surface (5a, 5a *) of the rotation body (4) engages touched on the base circle cylinder portion (2) adjacent region of the elevation portion (1) at least on a part of the axial cam length (11). 45. A three-dimensional cam according to claim 43 or 44, characterized in that the elevation portion (1) includes a region (26) for which each intersection of its outer contour with a plane through the axis of rotation (3) of the cam at a constant angle to the axis of rotation (3) of the cam is inclined straight line. 46. Three-dimensional cam according to claim 45, characterized in that the cam drives a roller (20) whose cam-contacting peripheral surface has a frusto-conical or cylindrical portion (27) and a convex portion (28).