WO2006115468A1 - Descending device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to rescue means and can be used for evacuating persons and cargoes from high buildings with the aid of ropes. The inventive descending device comprises at least one pulley unit for passing a rope (1) consisting of a base (2) provided with holes (3) for fixing a latch hook (5). A lid (6) is coupled with the base (2) on which a friction roll (8) and a braking element (10) which is provided with a handle (9) and connected to the base (2) by means of a joint (11) are mounted. Additional friction rolls (12, 13, 14) and a friction cam (15) which is connected to the base (2) by means of a joint (16) are arranged on the base (2). The front working surface (17) of the friction roll (15) oriented to the braking element (10) has a shape which corresponds to the shape of the working surface (18) of the braking element (10) and is equidistant thereto in such a way that a groove (19) for placing the rope (1) is formed and the length thereof is selected according to the dependence 2D<L≤10D, wherein D is the rope (1) diameter, mm; and L is the length of the groove (19) for placing the rope (1), mm.

Description

 LAUNCHING DEVICE

Technical field

The invention relates to rescue equipment and can be used for evacuation from high-rise buildings using a rope of people and goods. The use of the claimed device is also possible with the work of installers, in mountain climbing and speleology.

State of the art

Known trigger device containing a block section for passing the rope, equipped with a base and a cover, as well as mounted on the base equipped with a handle movable brake element and guide rollers, (a.p. CPCP JYa 1144710, IPC A 63 V 29/02, publ. 15.03 .1985). The brake element is made in the form of a spring-loaded roller equipped with a handle. The descent of a person is carried out by pressing and holding down the handle associated with the spring-loaded roller. In the absence of effort on the part of a person, a spring-loaded roller clamps it under the influence of a loaded rope, thereby braking.

Due to the use of a spring in the design of a known device, its reliability is reduced, since in the event of a breakdown, the use of the device will be difficult, since a person will need to exert considerable force to disinhibition the trigger device. In addition, the design of the device does not provide for the possibility of limiting the maximum speed of descent, which, if necessary, lowering a load of large mass makes it difficult to use the device.

The closest analogue of the claimed device is a known launching device containing a block section for passing the rope, equipped with a base with a hole for attaching a carbine and a cover, a friction roller mounted on the base, and a brake element equipped with a handle and pivotally connected to the base (see Technical PETZL company manual for the STOP D09 product, publ. 1991). The brake element is made in the form of a movable cam equipped with a handle. The device cover is mounted on the same axis with the brake element and is made to rotate around its axis. Laying the rope and attaching the carabiner to the device is done with the lid open, then the lid closes. In the closed position, the lid is held by a latch. The descent of a person is carried out by pressing and holding down the handle associated with the movable cam. If there is no effort on the part of a person, the cam of the brake element under the action of a loaded rope rotates and carries out jamming of the rope, which leads to the cessation of descent.

A disadvantage of the known device is the small area of the working surface of the brake element, which with a sharp dynamic load (sudden braking) can lead to a "bite" of the rope with the cam of the brake element and create an emergency situation that could cause a person to fall. Placing the latch opposite to the handle of the brake element causes the inexperienced user to push the latch to the open position with his fingers, which, when the load on the device is removed (for example, a person rests his feet on the curtain rod), can lead to self-opening of the cover device and the loss of the rope from it. In addition, the known device has insufficient functionality due to the presence of only one hole for securing a carbine, which is manifested in the inability to use the device as a fixed unit without the use of additional devices. Another disadvantage of the known device is the inability to limit the maximum speed of descent, which, if necessary, the descent of a cargo of large mass makes it difficult to use the device.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to increase the safety of the descent and expand the functionality of the trigger device.

The problem is achieved in that in the known trigger device containing at least one block section for passing the rope, equipped with a base with a hole for attaching a carbine and a cover, a friction roller mounted on the base, and a brake element equipped with a handle and pivotally connected to the base according to the invention, at least one additional friction roller and a friction cam pivotally connected to the base are installed on the base, the front working surface of which facing the brake element has a curved profile corresponding to the profile of the working surface of the brake element and it is equidistant to it, forming a stream for laying the rope, while the length of the stream is selected in accordance with the following dependence:

2D <L ≤ 10D (1) where: D - rope diameter, mm; L is the length of the brook for laying the rope, mm

где: D - диаметр каната, мм;The trigger device can be equipped with an additional friction element pivotally connected to the base, the working surface of which has a curved profile corresponding to the profile of the rear working surface of the friction cam and is equidistant to it, forming an additional stream for laying the rope, while the length of the additional stream is selected in accordance with the following dependence :

where: D is the diameter of the rope, mm;

Ldo _p - the length of the additional stream for laying the rope, mm. At least one additional hole for attaching a carbine can be made at the base of the trigger device.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the safety of man descent by eliminating the possibility of "biting" the rope as a result of sudden braking, which is achieved by increasing the contact area of the rope with the working surfaces of the friction cam and the brake element, forming a rope for laying the rope, the length of which is determined based on the indicated dependence :

2D <L ≤ 10D

The descent of a person is carried out when installed in the middle position of the handle associated with the brake element. Further descent with a constant pre-selected speed can take place without human intervention. At the same time, it is possible to stop the descent by pulling a portion of the rope below the trigger device.

The functionality of the inventive device is enhanced by the installation of additional friction rollers and an additional friction element, which allows for various styling of the rope, thereby choosing the maximum or minimum speed of the descent of a person (or load) depending on its weight, physical fitness, operating experience of the inventive device.

When using the claimed invention, it is possible to aggregate several block sections in one device, which allows use a person several ropes in series to increase the total length of his descent (moving from rope to rope), or, when using several block sections and, respectively, several ropes in parallel, limit the maximum speed of descent of large-sized and significant objects or loads. The use of a device composed of several block sections significantly expands its scope in terms of load capacity, amount of laden cargo, speed and safety of descents and ascents.

The scope of the device is expanding due to the presence of additional holes for securing the carbine, which allows the device to be used as a fixed unit for lifting loads.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 and 3 are views of the unit section of the device with the cover removed and the rope laid, in FIG. 2 and 4 show the layout of the rope. In FIG. 5 is a view of the unit section of the device with a rope and an additional friction element installed; FIG. 6 shows the corresponding layout of the rope. In FIG. 7 and 9 are views of a block section of a device with a rope and an additional friction element installed when using the device as a fixed unit, FIG. Figures 8 and 10 show the corresponding rope laying patterns. In FIG. 11 - shows a General view of the trigger device containing two block sections.

The trigger device contains at least one block section for passing the rope 1, equipped with a base 2 with an opening 3 for attaching the earring 4 of the carabiner 5 (see Fig. 1, 2). The cover 6 is connected to the base 2 by means of fasteners 7 (see Fig. 11). A friction roller 8 and a brake element 10 equipped with a handle 9 are mounted on the base 2 and connected to the base 2 by means of a hinge 11 (see Figs. 1, 3). On the base 2, additional friction rollers 12, 13, 14 and a friction cam 15 are installed, connected to the base 2 via a hinge 16. Front. the working surface 17 of the friction cam 15, facing the brake element 10, has a curved profile corresponding to the profile of the working surface 18 of the brake element 10 and is equidistant to it, forming a brook 19 for laying the rope 1, while the length of the brook 19 is selected in accordance with the following dependence: 2D <L ≤ 10D (1) where: D - rope diameter 1, mm;

L is the length of the stream 19 for laying the rope 1, mm

The trigger device (see Fig. 5, 6) can be equipped with an additional friction element 20 pivotally connected to the base 2, the working surface 21 of which has a curved profile corresponding to the profile of the rear working surface 22 of the friction cam 15 and is equidistant to it, forming an additional stream 23 for laying the rope 1, while the length of the additional stream 23 is selected in accordance with the following dependence: ЗD <L _dop ≤ 7D (2) where: D - diameter of the rope 1, mm;

L _extra - the length of the additional stream 23 for laying the rope 1, mm At the base 2, additional holes 24, 25 are made for fastening the earring 4 of the carbine 5. The handle 9 is connected to a cam 26 located in the hole 27 of the brake element 10.

The trigger device may be provided with an earring 4 of the carbine 5, mounted in the hole 25 (see Fig. 8), or in the hole 24 (see Fig. 10).

The trigger device may comprise several block sections, as shown in FIG. eleven.

Industrial applicability

The use of the launching device is preceded by its adjustment by laying in the block section of the rope 1 (with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm) in accordance with the specified maximum or minimum speed of descent of the load or person. Laying the rope in its original position is done with the cover 6. removed. Then, the cover 6 is mounted on the block section and fixed with fasteners 7. After assembling the trigger device and laying the rope 1, the device is ready for operation. After assembling the trigger device, it is not necessary to periodically disassemble it for re-laying the rope 1 in its original position. After each cycle of using the release device, it is enough to brake the brake element 10 using the handle 9, thus freeing the rope 1 from the action of the friction cam 15 and the friction element 20, and then pull the rope 1 through the block section in the opposite direction, returning it to its original position. Thus, carry out the operation of the trigger device to the permissible wear of the rope 1. The choice of the maximum or minimum speed of descent is carried out based on the mass of the descent person or cargo and the operating experience of the descent device.

The rope laying scheme 1 shown in FIG. 1, 2 provides a descent speed with a maximum speed of 3 m / s for a load weighing not more than 50 kg. In this case, the pulling (movement) of the rope 1 through the block section begins when the mass of the load exceeds 10 kg.

Laying the rope 1 according to the circuit shown in FIG. 3, 4, provides a maximum descent speed of 2 m / s for a load or person weighing no more than 80 kg. In this case, the pulling of the rope 1 through the block section begins when the mass of the load exceeds 30 kg.

Laying the rope 1 according to the circuit shown in FIG. 5, 6 provides a maximum descent speed of 1 m / s, due to the installation of an additional friction element 20 instead of the friction roller 12 for a load or person weighing no more than 100 kg. In this case, the pulling of the rope 1 through the block section begins when the mass of the load exceeds 50 kg.

Consider the operation of a portable trigger assembly assembled in accordance with the styling depicted in FIG. 12.

Having laid the rope 1 in the block section of the launching device, install the cover 6 and fix it with the help of fasteners 7. Then install the handle 9 and the cam 26 connected to it in the hole 27 of the brake element 10. Fix the cover 6 on the base 2 with the help of fasteners 7. An earring 4 with a carbine 5 is attached to the hole 3, by which the trigger device is connected to the safety system of the descent person. Press the handle 9 and rotate the brake element 10 relative to the hinge 11, which allows you to brake the trigger device and start the trigger. In this case, the rope 1, enveloping the friction roller 8, comes into contact with the working surface 18 of the brake element 10 and, moving in the brook 19, interacts with the front working surface 17 of the friction cam 15. Due to the friction force arising from the interaction with the rope 1, the friction the cam 15 relative to the hinge 16 and pressing it against the surface of the rope 1. The rope 1 slides into the stream 19, the length of which L is selected in accordance with the dependence (1), ensuring a safe speed of descent. Around the friction roller 13, or friction roller 14 (depending on the angle of descent), the rope 1 exits the trigger. If braking is necessary, a person acts on the handle 9, while due to the tension of the rope 1, the brake element 10 rotates counterclockwise around the axis 11, as a result of which the brake element 10 presses the rope 1 with its working surface 18 to the front surface 17 of the friction cam 15. Due to the long length of the brook 19 for laying the rope 1, the braking force is distributed evenly on the section of the rope 1, which ensures its safety, prevents “biting” during sharp braking and at the same time provides NOSTA braking. To resume the descent, the person presses the handle 9, which, turning the cam 26 in the hole 27 of the brake element 10, turns the brake element 10 clockwise about the axis 11. In this case, the rope 1 is released and the descent resumes.

The operation of the trigger assembly assembled in accordance with FIG. 3, 4 is similar to the above operation of the device assembled in accordance with the laying depicted in FIG. 1, 2. The difference lies in the laying of the rope 1, which is passed between the rollers 12 and 13.

Consider the operation of a device assembled in accordance with the stacking shown in FIG. 5, 6.

When laying the rope 1 in the device, instead of the friction roller 12, an additional friction element 20 is installed in its place. Then, the handle 9 and the cam 26 connected to it are installed in the hole 27 of the brake element 10. The cover 6 is fixed on the base 2 using fasteners 7. To the hole 3 attach an earring 4 with a carbine 5, by means of which the trigger device is connected to the safety system of the descent person. Press the handle 9 and rotate the brake element 10 relative to the hinge 11, which allows you to brake the trigger device and start the trigger. In this case, the rope 1, enveloping the friction roller 8, comes into contact with the working surface 18 of the brake element 10 and, moving in the brook 19, interacts with the front working surface 17 of the friction cam 15. However, the rope 1, enveloping the additional friction element 20, comes into contact with the rear working surface 22 of the friction cam 15 and, moving in the additional stream 23, interacts with the working surface 21 of the additional friction element 20.

Due to the friction force arising from the interaction with the rope 1, the friction cam 15 is rotated counter-clockwise relative to the hinge 16 and the rope 1 is compressed in the stream 19, the length of which L is selected in accordance with about with dependence (1). It also provides rotation of the additional friction element 20 in a clockwise direction and compression of the rope 1 in the additional stream 23, the length of which L is selected in accordance with the dependence (2). As a result of the friction force 5 that occurs in the stream 19 and in the additional stream 23 when interacting with the rope 1, a safe descent speed for the heaviest loads within 100 kg is ensured. Around the friction roller 13 or 14 (depending on the descent angle), the rope exits the trigger device.

If braking is necessary, a person acts on the handle 9, while due to the tension of the rope 1, the brake rotates counterclockwise

10 of the element 10 around the axis 11, as a result of which the brake element 10 presses the rope 1 with its working surface 18 to the front surface 17 of the friction cam 15. Due to the large length of the brook 19 for laying the rope 1, the brake force is distributed evenly on the section of the rope 1, which ensures its safety , prevents "biting" during sharp braking and at the same time ensures reliability

15 braking. To resume the descent, a person acts on the handle 9, which, turning the cam 26 in the hole 27 of the brake element 10, turns the brake element 10 clockwise about the axis 11. In this case, the rope 1 is released and the descent resumes.

If necessary, use the trigger as

20 fixed block fix it on any fixed support using a carabiner 5 connected with an earring 4, inserted into additional holes 24 (Fig. 7, 8) or 25 (Fig. 9, 10). The free end of the rope 1 is attached to the safety system of the descent person or to the load. At the same time, the descent is controlled and controlled by a person located near the trigger device using the handle 9.

25 It is also possible to use the claimed device, made in the form of several block sections, aggregated in one trigger device (see Fig. 11). This allows a person to use several ropes 1 sequentially in order to increase the total descent length, using each block section with the corresponding rope 1 for descent, or, while using several block sections working in parallel at the same time, to limit the maximum descent speed for large and significant items or cargo.

Claims

Claim 1. The trigger device containing at least one block section for passing the rope, equipped with a base with a hole for attaching a carbine and a cover, a friction roller mounted on the base, and a brake element equipped with a handle and pivotally connected to the base, characterized in that at least one additional friction roller and a friction cam pivotally connected to the base are installed on the base, the front working surface of which facing the brake element has a curvilinear first profile corresponding to the profile of the working surface of the brake element and equidistant to it, forming a stream styling rope, wherein the stream length is selected according to the following relationship: 2D <L <10D where: D is the rope diameter, mm; L is the length of the brook for laying the rope, mm 2. The trigger device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional friction element pivotally connected to the base, the working surface of which has a curved profile corresponding to the profile of the rear working surface of the friction cam and is equidistant to it, forming an additional stream for laying the rope, the length of the additional stream is selected in accordance with the following dependence: ЗD <L _dop <7D where: D - rope diameter, mm; Ldop - the length of the additional stream for laying the rope, mm. 3. The trigger device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one additional hole for fastening the carbine is made in the base.