WO2006035842A1 - エンジンの仕事量を算出する装置および方法 - Google Patents
エンジンの仕事量を算出する装置および方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006035842A1 WO2006035842A1 PCT/JP2005/017894 JP2005017894W WO2006035842A1 WO 2006035842 A1 WO2006035842 A1 WO 2006035842A1 JP 2005017894 W JP2005017894 W JP 2005017894W WO 2006035842 A1 WO2006035842 A1 WO 2006035842A1
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- engine
- component
- operating state
- correlation coefficient
- calculating
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D15/00—Varying compression ratio
- F02D15/02—Varying compression ratio by alteration or displacement of piston stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L23/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid
- G01L23/22—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines
- G01L23/221—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines
- G01L23/225—Devices or apparatus for measuring or indicating or recording rapid changes, such as oscillations, in the pressure of steam, gas, or liquid; Indicators for determining work or energy of steam, internal-combustion, or other fluid-pressure engines from the condition of the working fluid for detecting or indicating knocks in internal-combustion engines; Units comprising pressure-sensitive members combined with ignitors for firing internal-combustion engines for detecting or indicating knocks in internal combustion engines circuit arrangements therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0095—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring work or mechanical power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/26—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using computer, e.g. microprocessor
- F02D41/28—Interface circuits
- F02D2041/286—Interface circuits comprising means for signal processing
- F02D2041/288—Interface circuits comprising means for signal processing for performing a transformation into the frequency domain, e.g. Fourier transformation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/1002—Output torque
- F02D2200/1004—Estimation of the output torque
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/12—Timing of calculation, i.e. specific timing aspects when calculation or updating of engine parameter is performed
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for efficiently calculating a work amount of an internal combustion engine.
- a pressure in a combustion chamber (hereinafter referred to as an in-cylinder pressure) of an internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as an engine) is detected, and based on the detected pressure and a rate of change in stroke volume of the combustion chamber, for example, A method for calculating the engine work load such as the average effective pressure has been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for deriving an equation for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure for an engine having a predetermined structure.
- This equation uses an in-cylinder pressure signal at a predetermined frequency component.
- the in-cylinder pressure signal is filtered by a first band filter for extracting a fundamental wave component and a second band filter for extracting a harmonic component that is an integral multiple of the fundamental wave component.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Publication No. 8-20339
- the stroke volume is constant, and therefore the stroke volume change rate (referred to as volume change rate) waveform with respect to the engine crank angle is constant. Therefore, conventionally, the engine work such as the indicated mean effective pressure has been calculated on the assumption that the waveform of the volume change rate is constant.
- an expression for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure is derived on the assumption that the volume change rate is expressed by a predetermined expression.
- the formula for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure does not include a parameter related to the volume change rate. Therefore, for engines in which the volume change rate waveform changes, the indicated mean effective pressure is accurately calculated. Is difficult.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and a method for calculating engine workload, which can solve these problems.
- a method for calculating an engine work amount calculates an engine work amount based on a frequency component obtained by frequency-decomposing an engine volume change rate. Determining the desired ingredients. In addition, the determined ingredients A first calculation for calculating a first correlation number between a volume change rate and a reference signal composed of a frequency corresponding to the component, an in-cylinder pressure of the engine, and the component for the determined component The second calculation for calculating the second correlation coefficient with the reference signal composed of the frequency corresponding to is performed. The engine work is calculated based on the first correlation coefficient and the second correlation coefficient.
- the second correlation coefficient related to the in-cylinder pressure is calculated only for the desired component determined by the frequency decomposition of the volume change rate. It is not necessary to calculate the second correlation coefficient for all components. Therefore, the in-cylinder pressure sampling frequency can be reduced to such an extent that a desired component can be extracted. Furthermore, by using the first and second correlation coefficients, the volume change rate and in-cylinder pressure of the desired component can be extracted more accurately, and the interval for calculating the engine work can be set arbitrarily. be able to. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since a desired component can be determined so as to suit a given engine, the work amount of the engine can be calculated for an engine having an arbitrary structure.
- the first correlation coefficient is a Fourier coefficient when the volume change rate of the engine is expanded by a Fourier series.
- the second correlation coefficient is the Fourier coefficient when the in-cylinder pressure of the engine is expanded in the Fourier series.
- the stroke volume of the engine is determined. Based on the stroke volume and the first and second correlation coefficients, the engine work is calculated. In this way, it is possible to calculate the engine work more accurately for an engine whose stroke volume changes.
- the operating state of the engine is detected.
- the desired component is determined according to the detected engine operating state. In this way, a desired component for calculating the engine work volume can be appropriately determined according to the operating state of the engine.
- a desired component and a first correlation coefficient that are calculated in advance corresponding to the operating state of the engine are stored in the storage device.
- the desired component and the first phase are Extract the number of relationships.
- the calculation load for calculating the engine work can be reduced.
- a stroke volume calculated in advance corresponding to the operating state of the engine may be stored.
- the in-cylinder pressure of the engine is detected. Based on the detected in-cylinder pressure, a second correlation coefficient is calculated according to a predetermined equation. Thus, the second correlation coefficient is calculated sequentially.
- a desired component can be determined according to the compression ratio of the engine. Further, the stroke volume and the first correlation coefficient can be obtained according to the compression ratio.
- the waveform of the volume change rate may change.
- the engine work can be calculated more accurately even for engines that can change the compression ratio. Can do.
- the first component in the first state of the engine, the first correlation coefficient according to the first component, and the second component in the second state of the engine The first correlation coefficient corresponding to the second component is stored in the storage device. If it is detected that the engine operating state is between the first state and the second state, the first correlation coefficient and the second component corresponding to the first component are The first correlation coefficient corresponding to the detected operating state of the engine is calculated by interpolating the corresponding first correlation coefficient. By such interpolation, it is possible to reduce the number of desired components and the first correlation coefficient stored in advance. Such interpolation can also be applied to the stroke volume.
- a volume change rate is calculated according to the detected operating state of the engine, and a first correlation coefficient is calculated according to a predetermined formula based on the volume change rate. In this way, the first correlation coefficient may be calculated sequentially.
- the work of the engine includes the indicated mean effective pressure.
- an apparatus for implementing the above method is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an engine and its control device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the indicated mean effective pressure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the volume change rate according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 A diagram showing the FFT analysis result for the volume change rate according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- [5] A diagram showing Fourier coefficient values in respective orders according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the volume change rate and the Fourier coefficient values according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the volume change rate and the Fourier coefficient values according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the volume change rate and the Fourier coefficient values according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 A diagram showing a volume change rate and a Fourier coefficient value according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an apparatus for calculating an indicated mean effective pressure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a map of stroke volume and Fourier coefficient values according to the compression ratio according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a process for calculating an indicated mean effective pressure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing calculation interval settings according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of an engine and its control device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- An electronic control unit (hereinafter referred to as "ECU") 1 is a computer having a central processing unit (CPU) lb.
- the ECU 1 includes a memory lc, which includes a computer's program for realizing various controls of the vehicle and a read-only memory (ROM) that stores a map necessary for executing the program, and a CPU lb.
- a random access memory (RAM) that temporarily stores programs and data is provided.
- the ECU 1 has an input interface la that receives data sent from each part of the vehicle, and an output interface that sends control signals to each part of the vehicle. It has a source Id.
- Engine 2 is a four-cycle engine in this embodiment.
- the engine 2 is connected to an intake pipe 4 via an intake valve 3 and connected to an exhaust pipe 6 via an exhaust valve 5.
- a fuel injection valve 7 is provided in the intake pipe 4 for injecting fuel according to the control signal of the ECU1.
- the engine 2 sucks an air-fuel mixture of air sucked from the intake pipe 4 and fuel injected from the fuel injection valve 7 into the combustion chamber 8.
- the fuel chamber 8 is provided with a spark plug 9 that discharges a spark in accordance with an ignition timing signal from the ECU 1.
- the air-fuel mixture is combusted by the sparks emitted by the spark plug 9. Combustion increases the volume of the mixture, which pushes piston 10 downward.
- the reciprocating motion of the piston 10 is converted into the rotational motion of the crankshaft 11.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 15 is, for example, a sensor that also has a piezoelectric element force, and is buried in a portion of the spark plug 9 that is in contact with the engine cylinder.
- the in-cylinder pressure sensor 15 outputs a signal indicating a change in pressure in the combustion chamber 8 (in-cylinder pressure) and sends it to the ECU 1.
- the ECU 1 integrates the signal indicating the in-cylinder pressure change to generate a signal P indicating the in-cylinder pressure.
- the engine 2 is provided with a crank angle sensor 17. As the crankshaft 11 rotates, the crank angle sensor 17 outputs a CRK signal and a TDC signal, which are pulse signals, to the ECU 1.
- the CRK signal is a pulse signal output at a predetermined crank angle (for example, 30 degrees).
- the ECU 1 calculates the engine speed NE of the engine 2 according to the CRK signal.
- the TDC signal is a pulse signal output at a crank angle related to the TDC position of the piston 10.
- a throttle valve 18 is provided in the intake pipe 4 of the engine 2.
- the opening of the throttle valve 18 is controlled by a control signal from the ECU 1.
- a throttle valve opening sensor (0 TH) 19 connected to the throttle valve 18 supplies an electric signal corresponding to the opening of the throttle valve 18 to the ECU 1.
- the intake pipe pressure (Pb) sensor 20 is provided on the downstream side of the throttle valve 18. The intake pipe pressure Pb detected by the Pb sensor 20 is sent to ECU1.
- An air flow meter (AFM) 21 is provided upstream of the throttle valve 18. Airf The low meter 21 detects the amount of air passing through the throttle valve 18 and sends it to the ECU 1.
- the variable compression ratio mechanism 26 is a mechanism that can change the compression ratio in the combustion chamber in accordance with a control signal from the ECU 1.
- the variable compression ratio mechanism 26 can be realized by any known method. For example, a technique has been proposed in which the compression ratio is changed according to the operating state by changing the position of the piston using hydraulic pressure.
- a compression ratio sensor 27 is connected to the ECU1.
- the compression ratio sensor 27 detects the compression ratio Cr of the combustion chamber and sends it to the ECU 1.
- the signal sent to the ECU 1 is passed to the input interface la and subjected to analog-digital conversion.
- the CPUlb can process the converted digital signal according to a program stored in the memory lc and generate a control signal to be sent to the vehicle actuator.
- the output interface Id sends these control signals to the actuators of the fuel injection valve 7, spark plug 9, throttle valve 18 and other machine elements.
- CPUULb can calculate the work amount of the engine according to the program stored in the memory lc using the converted digital signal.
- the indicated mean effective pressure may be used as an index representing the work amount of the engine.
- the mean effective pressure is the work in one combustion cycle of the engine divided by the stroke volume.
- the indicated mean effective pressure is obtained by subtracting cooling loss, incomplete combustion, mechanical friction, and the like from the mean effective pressure. These indicators may be used to evaluate performance differences between models with different total engine stroke volumes (engine displacement).
- FIG. 2 there is shown a relationship (called a PV diagram) between the volume V of the combustion chamber of the engine and the in-cylinder pressure P in one combustion cycle.
- the intake valve opens and the intake stroke begins.
- the in-cylinder pressure decreases through point N where the piston is at top dead center TDC until it reaches point U, which is the minimum value.
- the in-cylinder pressure increases through the point K where the piston is at the bottom dead center BDC.
- the compression stroke starts and the in-cylinder pressure continues to increase.
- the combustion stroke begins.
- the in-cylinder pressure rapidly increases due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, and at the point S, the in-cylinder pressure becomes maximum.
- the piston Due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, the piston is pushed down and moves toward the BDC indicated by point M. By this movement, the in-cylinder pressure decreases. At point T, the exhaust valve opens and the exhaust stroke begins. In the exhaust stroke, the in-cylinder pressure further decreases. [0042]
- the indicated mean effective pressure is obtained by dividing the area enclosed by the curve shown in the figure by the stroke volume of the piston.
- engine work includes other indicators that can be calculated based on the indicated mean effective pressure calculated by the method according to the present invention, such as mean effective pressure, net average effective pressure, engine torque, etc. Note that, is included.
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be calculated by integrating the PV diagram as shown in Fig. 2 around the circuit, and the calculation formula can be expressed as the formula (1). it can. Note that the integration interval is a period corresponding to one combustion cycle, but the start of the integration interval can be set at any time.
- Equation (2) A discretized version of equation (1) is shown in equation (2), and m in equation (2) represents an operation cycle.
- Vs indicates the stroke volume of one cylinder, and dV indicates the volume change rate of the cylinder.
- P is a signal indicating the in-cylinder pressure obtained based on the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 15 (FIG. 1).
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi is expressed as the number of correlations between the in-cylinder pressure signal P and the volume change rate dV. Since the frequency component that substantially constitutes the volume change rate dV is limited (details will be described later), the calculated mean effective pressure Pmi can be calculated by calculating the correlation coefficient of both the frequency components only. can do.
- Equation (3) In order to frequency-resolve the volume change rate dV, the volume change rate dV is expanded into a Fourier series as shown in Equation (3).
- t indicates time.
- T indicates the rotation period of the crankshaft of the engine (hereinafter referred to as the crank period), and ⁇ indicates the angular frequency.
- ⁇ indicates the angular frequency.
- one cycle ⁇ corresponds to 360 degrees.
- k indicates the order of the frequency component of the engine rotation.
- V ak — “f (t) cos kcot dt
- equation (3) is applied to equation (1), equation (4) is derived.
- 0 co t.
- the Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk of the in-cylinder pressure signal can be expressed as in Expression (5).
- Tc of the cylinder pressure signal corresponds to the length of one combustion cycle.
- one combustion cycle corresponds to a crank angle of 720 degrees, so the period Tc is twice the crank period T. Therefore, ⁇ c in equation (5) is (0/2) for a 4-cycle engine.
- kc represents the order of the frequency component of the in-cylinder pressure signal.
- Pak — dPcoskc 9cd6-P coskc
- Equation (7) includes Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk related to the stroke volume Vs and the volume change rate dV. Therefore, the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be calculated more accurately for an engine in which the waveform of the volume change rate dV with respect to the stroke volume Vs and the crank angle changes.
- Equation (8) The Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk of the in-cylinder pressure expressed by the equation (6) are continuous-time equations. When transformed into a discrete system suitable for digital processing, it is expressed as equation (8).
- N represents the number of samplings in the crank cycle T.
- the integration interval is a length corresponding to one combustion cycle, and the number of samplings in the one combustion cycle is 2N.
- n indicates the sampling number.
- Pn represents the in-cylinder pressure at the n-th sampling.
- Pak P diligentcosk—— n
- the in-cylinder pressure Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk are sequentially calculated according to the detected in-cylinder pressure sample Pn.
- the stroke volume Vs and the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk of the volume change rate are calculated in advance and stored in the memory lc of the ECU 1 (FIG. 1).
- the stroke volume Vs and volume change rate dV waveforms corresponding to the engine operating state are determined according to the engine characteristics. Therefore, the stroke volume V s and the volume change rate dV corresponding to the operating state of the engine can be obtained in advance by simulation or the like.
- the stroke volume Vs, the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk corresponding to the operating state of the engine are stored in advance in the memory lc.
- the Fourier coefficients Vak and And Vbk may be calculated.
- the calculation formula is shown in Formula (10).
- the integration interval is one crank period T.
- Vn represents the volume change rate obtained by the n-th sampling, and the detected volume change rate is substituted here.
- the integration interval may be 2 crank cycles, that is, a length corresponding to 1 combustion cycle.
- the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate can be calculated as shown in Equation (11). The calculation result is the same as equation (10).
- each of the family coefficients for in-cylinder pressure is the correlation between the in-cylinder pressure signal P and a signal composed of frequency components obtained by frequency decomposition of the volume change rate dV Is a number.
- each of the Fourier coefficients for the volume change rate is a volume change rate signal dV and a signal composed of frequency components obtained by frequency decomposition of the volume change rate dV.
- the number of correlations For example, the Fourier coefficient Pal is a correlation coefficient between the in-cylinder pressure signal P and cos ⁇ .
- Volume change rate Vb2 is a correlation coefficient between volume change rate signal dV and sin2 ⁇ .
- each of the Fourier coefficients for the in-cylinder pressure is an in-cylinder pressure signal extracted for the corresponding frequency component
- each of the Fourier coefficients for the volume change rate is for the corresponding frequency component.
- the extracted volume change rate signal is represented.
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be calculated using only the in-cylinder pressure signal and volume change rate signal extracted for the limited frequency component. The present invention provides such a calculation method.
- Fourier series expansion is used to extract an in-cylinder pressure signal and a volume change rate signal for frequency components that substantially constitute the volume change rate.
- the extraction may be performed using other methods.
- Equation (9) for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi will be verified below with reference to some examples.
- FIG. 3 shows that the waveform of the volume change rate dV with respect to the crank angle is constant (in other words, the stroke volume is constant, and thus the volume change rate dV has one type of behavior).
- the waveform 51 of the volume change rate dV in the engine and the waveform 52 of the sin function having the same period as the waveform of the volume change rate dV (the amplitude depends on the size of the stroke volume) are shown.
- Fourier coefficient calculation interval A is a single combustion cycle starting from the TDC (top dead center) of the intake stroke, and the sin function is set to have a value of zero at the start of calculation interval A. Has been.
- volume change rate dV can be expressed by a sin function.
- Volume change rate dV has almost no offset and phase difference with respect to sin function. Therefore, it can be predicted that the DC component aO and the cos component hardly appear in the frequency component of the volume change rate.
- FIG. 4 shows the result of FFT analysis of the volume change rate dV of such an engine.
- Reference numeral 53 is a line indicating a primary frequency component of engine rotation
- reference numeral 54 is a line indicating a secondary frequency component of engine rotation.
- the volume change rate dV mainly has only the first and second order frequency components of the engine rotation so that the force of the analysis results is also reduced.
- the volume change rate dV force mainly includes the first and second frequency components of the engine rotation, and further includes the sin component force.
- the equation (9) can be expressed as the equation (12).
- the stroke volume Vs in equation (12) has a constant value, so (2NZ2Vs) can be handled as a predetermined value.
- the frequency component that substantially constitutes the volume change rate is the primary and secondary sin components.
- the calculation requires only the Fourier coefficients Vbl and Vb 2 for the volume change rate dV and the Fourier coefficients Pbl and Pb2 for the in-cylinder pressure P.
- variable compression ratio mechanisms change the stroke volume according to the operating state of the engine, and thus change the waveform of the volume change rate dV with respect to the crank angle.
- variable compression ratio mechanism 26 shown in FIG. 1 has such characteristics will be described.
- FIG. 6 (a) shows, as an example, a waveform 61 (solid line) of the volume change rate dV in a certain operating state.
- a waveform 62 of the sin function having the same period as the waveform 61 of the volume change rate dV is shown.
- calculation interval A is set, and the sin function is set to have zero at the start of calculation interval A.
- the waveform 61 of the volume change rate dV is more distorted than the waveform 62 of the sin function, and is expected to include not only the sin component but also the cos component.
- (B) in Fig. 6 shows the value of the Fourier coefficient in each component of the volume change rate dV shown in (a) of Fig. 6 calculated for the calculation interval A. . It can be seen that the volume change rate dV can be expressed well by the primary and secondary sin components and the primary and secondary cos components. Therefore, the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be expressed as shown in Equation (13).
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi is It only needs to have the Fourier coefficients Val, Va2, Vbl and Vb 2 for the volume change rate dV and the Fourier coefficients Pal, Pa2, Pbl and Pb2 for the in-cylinder pressure P to calculate.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows a waveform 71 (solid line) of the volume change rate dV in another operating state.
- a waveform 72 of the sin function having the same period as the waveform 71 of the volume change rate dV is shown.
- the calculation interval A is set, and the sin function is set to have an opening at the start of the calculation interval A.
- the waveform 71 of the volume change rate dV almost coincides with the waveform 72 of the sin function.
- (B) in Fig. 7 shows the values of the Fourier coefficients for each component of the volume change rate dV calculated for the calculation interval A shown in (a) of Fig. 7.
- the volume change rate dV can be expressed with good accuracy using only the first-order sin component.
- Equation (14) the frequency component that substantially constitutes the volume change rate in the operating state is the first-order sin component.
- Pmi the indicated mean effective pressure
- volume change rate dV waveform In consideration of piston motion vibration, friction, and the like, it may be convenient to make the volume change rate dV waveform as close as possible to the waveform of the sin function. For this reason, the engine S is devised to try to bring the volume change rate dV waveform closer to the sin function waveform. As shown in FIG. 7, if the waveform of the volume change rate dV is approximated to a sin waveform, the number of Fourier coefficients desired for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure can be reduced.
- a Fourier coefficient for a desired component preferably a component for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure with a predetermined accuracy may be obtained.
- a desired component preferably a component for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure with a predetermined accuracy
- only the Fourier coefficients Vbl and Vb2 of the primary and secondary sin components of the volume change rate dV and the Fourier coefficients Pbl and Pb2 of the primary and secondary sin components of the in-cylinder pressure P can be obtained. That's fine.
- the cylinder pressure sample Pn is used as shown in equation (9).
- a sample Pn of the in-cylinder pressure is obtained.
- the sampling of the in-cylinder pressure P can be down-sampled (decimated) to the sampling frequency that satisfies the sampling theorem.
- the sampling frequency for obtaining the in-cylinder pressure sample Pn may be such that the primary and secondary frequency components of the engine rotation can be extracted.
- a high sampling frequency is not required to extract the upper harmonic components. Therefore, the sampling frequency can be reduced. Furthermore, the occurrence of aliasing for components other than the desired frequency component does not affect the calculation of the indicated mean effective pressure. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the restriction on the anti-aliasing filter normally applied to the in-cylinder pressure signal.
- the sampling frequency of the volume change rate can be reduced as in the in-cylinder pressure.
- a component desired for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure can be determined in advance through simulation or the like.
- the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk and the stroke volume Vs for the desired component are pre-stored in the memory lc (FIG. 1).
- the stroke volume Vs and the Fourier coefficients Vbl and Vb2 have constant values, which are stored in the memory.
- volume efficiency Vs and Fourier coefficients Vbl, Vb2, Val and Va2 corresponding to a certain engine operating state.
- the volumetric efficiency Vs and the Fourier coefficient Vbl corresponding to other engine operating states are stored in the memory lc (in the case of FIG. 7).
- the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate and the stroke volume for the desired component can be extracted with reference to the memory lc.
- the illustrated mean effective pressure is calculated using the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate and the stroke volume calculated in advance, thereby reducing the calculation load for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure. be able to.
- FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment, in which the type of component desired for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure does not change !, but the value of the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate changes. Is shown.
- the first states (al) and (a2) and the second states (bl) and (b2) are shown for the operating state of the engine.
- (Al) and (bl) show the waveform (solid line) 81 and 83 of the volume change rate dV and the waveform (dotted line) 82 of the sin function having the same period as the waveform of the volume change rate dV.
- (A2) and (b2) show the values of Fourier coefficients in each component.
- the stroke volume and the value of the Fourier coefficient can be stored in advance in the memory lc (Fig. 1).
- the corresponding stroke volume and Fourier coefficient can be extracted from the memory lc, and the indicated mean effective pressure can be calculated according to equation (9).
- FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment, in which the case where the type of desired component changes in the calculation of the indicated mean effective pressure is shown.
- the figure shows the first states (al) and (a2), the second states (bl) and (b2), and the third states (cl) and (c2).
- the waveform (solid line) of the volume change rate dV changes to reference numerals 91, 93, and 94.
- a sin function waveform 92 having the same period as the volume change rate dV waveform is shown.
- (A2), (b2) and (c2) show the values of the Fourier coefficient in each component.
- the type of component and stroke volume desired for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure change In the first state, the stroke volume is Vsl, the desired component is the first-order sin component Vbl, and its value is about 4.3. In the second state, the stroke volume is Vs2, and the desired components are the first order sin component Vbl, the first order cos component Val, and the second order cos component Va2. 4.3, 0.7 and 0.8. In the third state, the stroke volume is Vs3, the desired component is the first-order sin component Vbl, and its value is about 5.1.
- the stroke volume and the value of the Fourier coefficient can be stored in the memory lc (FIG. 1) for each state.
- the corresponding Fourier coefficient and stroke volume are extracted from the memory lc, and the indicated mean effective pressure can be calculated according to equation (9).
- the stroke volume and the Fourier coefficient can be calculated by interpolation calculation.
- the stroke volume and Fourier coefficients Vbl, Val, and Va2 corresponding to the detected engine operating state are calculated by interpolating the stroke volume Vs2 and the Fourier coefficients Vbl, Val, and Va2 shown in FIG. be able to.
- zero can be set to the values of the Fourier coefficients Val and Va2 in the first state.
- the stroke volume Vs2 and the values of the Fourier coefficients Val, Vbl and Va2 shown in (b2) By interpolating the stroke volume Vs3 and the Fourier coefficients Val, Vb 1 and Va2 shown in (c2), the stroke volume and Fourier coefficient values corresponding to the detected engine state can be calculated. .
- zero can be set to the values of the Fourier coefficients Val and Va2 in the third state.
- FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an apparatus for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure according to one embodiment of the present invention.
- the functional blocks 101 to 105 can be realized in the ECU 1. Typically, these functions are realized by a computer program stored in the ECU 1. Alternatively, these functions may be realized by hardware, software, firmware, and combinations thereof.
- the stroke volume V s calculated in advance and the volume change rate Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk of the desired component are stored in correspondence with the compression ratio of the engine.
- a map that defines the stroke volume Vs corresponding to the compression ratio Cr is shown in Fig. 11 (a).
- Figure 11 (b) shows an example of a map that defines the values of the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk of the desired component corresponding to.
- the operating state detection unit 101 detects the current compression ratio Cr of the engine based on the output of the compression ratio sensor 27 (Fig. 1).
- the parameter extraction unit 102 refers to a map such as (b) in FIG. 11 based on the detected compression ratio Cr, and determines a desired component for the Fourier coefficient of the in-cylinder pressure and the volume change rate.
- Fourier coefficients Vbl, Vb2, Val, and Va2 are defined in the map. Therefore, the desired components are determined as primary and secondary sin components and primary and secondary cos components.
- the parameter extraction unit 102 determines the desired components and simultaneously extracts the values of the volume change rate Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk corresponding to the detected compression ratio for these components. In this example, Val, Va2, Vbl and Vb2 are extracted.
- a desired component type corresponding to the compression ratio may be defined in a map different from the map as shown in FIG. 11 (b).
- the parameter extraction unit 102 further extracts a stroke volume Vs corresponding to the detected compression ratio Cr with reference to a map as shown in (a) of FIG.
- the operation state detection unit 101 further calculates the in-cylinder pressure P based on the output of the in-cylinder pressure sensor 15 (FIG. 1).
- In-cylinder pressure Fourier coefficient determination unit 104 receives the types of desired components from parameter extraction unit 102, and calculates Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk for these components. .
- the desired components are the primary and secondary sin components and the primary and secondary cos components.
- the in-cylinder pressure Fourier coefficient determination unit 104 substitutes the in-cylinder pressure sample Pn into the calculation formulas for Pak and Pbk in Equation (9), and calculates Pal, Pa2, Pbl, and Pb2.
- the calculation unit 105 calculates the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi according to the equation (9) using the Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk of the in-cylinder pressure, the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk of the volume change rate, and the stroke volume Vs.
- the parameter extraction unit 102 may refer to a map as shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 11 based on the target compression ratio.
- the compression ratio variable mechanism that can change the compression ratio may have a delay, it is preferable to obtain the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate based on the actual compression ratio.
- the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk of the volume change rate are sequentially calculated according to the equation (10) or (11).
- the volume change rate Vn corresponding to the detected compression ratio Cr is calculated.
- the volume change rate corresponding to the compression ratio can be calculated in advance and defined in a map, and the map can be stored in the memory. Based on the detected compression ratio, the map can be referred to obtain the volume change rate Vn. Substituting the obtained Vn into equation (10) or (11), the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk are calculated.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a process for calculating the indicated mean effective pressure according to one embodiment of the present invention. This process is typically performed by a program stored in memory lc ( Figure 1). This process is activated each time a TDC signal is sent for each cylinder, indicating for example the TDC of the intake stroke.
- the indicated mean effective pressure is calculated for one combustion cycle immediately before the process is started.
- the in-cylinder pressure signal P is sampled, and 2N in-cylinder pressure samples Pn are acquired.
- step S1 the stroke volume Vs is extracted based on the compression ratio Cr detected for the combustion cycle with reference to a map as shown in FIG. 11 (a).
- step S2 the type of desired component is obtained based on the detected compression ratio Cr with reference to the map as shown in FIG. 11B, and the Fourier coefficient Vak of the volume change rate is obtained for the desired component. And extract Vbk.
- step S3 2N in-cylinder pressure samples Pn are used, and the desired Calculate in-cylinder pressure Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk for the components.
- step S4 based on the stroke volume Vs extracted in steps S1 and S2, the Fourier coefficients Vak and Vbk of the volume change rate, and the in-cylinder pressure Fourier coefficients Pak and Pbk calculated in step S3. Calculate the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi according to equation (9)
- a reference value Vsref of the stroke volume Vs is set, and a ratio R (Vs / Vsref) of the stroke volume Vs to the reference value Vsref is calculated according to the compression ratio Cr. Also good.
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be calculated according to the equation (15) using the ratio R obtained according to the compression ratio Cr.
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi is obtained by obtaining the ratio of the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate in advance.
- equation (16) can be derived from equation (12).
- equation (16) can be simplified as equation (17).
- W M b2 — TP (sin— n + 0.2 sin 2— ⁇
- V bl 2Vs V bi-no Vs l ff n NN
- W is the negative value between the in-cylinder pressure sample Pn and the predetermined sin function (sin (2 ⁇ / N) n + 0.2 sin2 (27u / N) n).
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be calculated by calculating W.
- the indicated mean effective pressure Pmi can be obtained by calculating one correlation coefficient Pv each time the in-cylinder pressure sample Pn is obtained.
- the indicated mean effective pressure was calculated using the in-cylinder pressure and the Fourier coefficient of the volume change rate calculated for one combustion cycle starting from the TDC of the intake stroke.
- the Fourier coefficient calculation interval was one combustion cycle in which the TDC force of the intake stroke also started.
- the Fourier coefficient computation interval can be started from any point in time.
- (a) is an example in which the Fourier coefficient is calculated with one combustion cycle starting from the TDC of the intake stroke as the calculation interval A as in the above embodiment.
- the waveform of the sin function is set to have zero at the start of the calculation interval.
- (b) is an example in which the calculation interval B starts at a timing delayed by a time td from the TDC of the intake stroke.
- Calculation interval B has a length equal to one combustion cycle.
- the sin function is set to have zero at the start of operation interval B, as in (a).
- the similarity between the volume change rate waveform and the sin function waveform is lower than (a). Therefore, the number of components desired to calculate the indicated mean effective pressure is greater than (a).
- the desired component is expected to contain a cos component that is not just a sin component. Desired ingredient type
- the indicated mean effective pressure can be calculated by the same method as described with reference to FIGS.
- the present invention is applicable to general-purpose internal combustion engines (for example, outboard motors).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Testing Of Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05787995.9A EP1801400A4 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE WORKLOAD OF A MOTOR |
| US11/663,811 US7647155B2 (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | Apparatus and method for calculating work load engine |
| MX2007003739A MX2007003739A (es) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | Aparato y metodo para calcular motor de carga de trabajo. |
| CA2582836A CA2582836C (en) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | Apparatus and method for calculating work load engine |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-287982 | 2004-09-30 | ||
| JP2004287982A JP4298624B2 (ja) | 2004-09-30 | 2004-09-30 | エンジンの仕事量を算出する装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006035842A1 true WO2006035842A1 (ja) | 2006-04-06 |
Family
ID=36118988
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/017894 Ceased WO2006035842A1 (ja) | 2004-09-30 | 2005-09-28 | エンジンの仕事量を算出する装置および方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7647155B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1801400A4 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4298624B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100578003C (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2582836C (ja) |
| MX (1) | MX2007003739A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006035842A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1850107A3 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2008-08-13 | HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. | Workload calculation apparatus and method for internal combustion engine |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4462283B2 (ja) | 2007-03-14 | 2010-05-12 | 日産自動車株式会社 | エンジン負荷推定装置及びエンジン負荷推定方法 |
| US7878048B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-02-01 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Fuel system injection timing diagnostics by analyzing cylinder pressure signal |
| JP4870793B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-07 | 2012-02-08 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の図示平均有効圧を計測する装置 |
| US8561592B2 (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2013-10-22 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and system for generating an in-cylinder pressure sensor signal |
| JP5476599B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-09 | 2014-04-23 | 学校法人明治大学 | 容積型機械の作動状態測定方法 |
| US8428848B2 (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2013-04-23 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Combustion control systems and methods |
| JP5863017B2 (ja) * | 2011-10-25 | 2016-02-16 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の燃料噴射装置 |
| JP5578158B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-11 | 2014-08-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 信号処理装置 |
| JP5942805B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-16 | 2016-06-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 火花点火式内燃機関 |
| DE102016206491A1 (de) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-10-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Verbrennungsmotors mit einem VCR-Steller und zum Überprüfen einer Funktion eines VCR-Stellers |
Citations (2)
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| JPH0734958A (ja) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-02-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の燃焼状態検出装置 |
| JPH0820339B2 (ja) | 1989-07-27 | 1996-03-04 | 株式会社司測研 | 容積型機械の作動状態測定方法および測定装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3815410A (en) * | 1972-12-07 | 1974-06-11 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Engine thermodynamic cycle analyser |
| US5255637A (en) * | 1992-04-30 | 1993-10-26 | Ford Motor Company | Internal combustion engine with adaptive control of compression ratio |
| JP3057937B2 (ja) | 1992-11-26 | 2000-07-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 油膨潤性樹脂の熱処理方法 |
| FR2711185B1 (fr) * | 1993-10-12 | 1996-01-05 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Système d'acquisition et de traitement instantané de données pour le contrôle d'un moteur à combustion interne. |
| SE524802C2 (sv) * | 2002-11-04 | 2004-10-05 | Cargine Engineering Ab | Styrmetod för modulering av vridmoment i en kolvförbränningsmotor |
| FR2854746B1 (fr) * | 2003-05-07 | 2005-08-05 | Valeo Equip Electr Moteur | Procede de commande d'une machine electrique tournante polyphasee et reversible pour vehicule automobile a moteur thermique |
-
2004
- 2004-09-30 JP JP2004287982A patent/JP4298624B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-09-28 MX MX2007003739A patent/MX2007003739A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2005-09-28 US US11/663,811 patent/US7647155B2/en active Active
- 2005-09-28 EP EP05787995.9A patent/EP1801400A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-09-28 CN CN200580031878A patent/CN100578003C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-28 WO PCT/JP2005/017894 patent/WO2006035842A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-09-28 CA CA2582836A patent/CA2582836C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPH0820339B2 (ja) | 1989-07-27 | 1996-03-04 | 株式会社司測研 | 容積型機械の作動状態測定方法および測定装置 |
| JPH0734958A (ja) * | 1993-07-26 | 1995-02-03 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 内燃機関の燃焼状態検出装置 |
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| NAGASHIMA K ET AL.: "New Indicated Mean Effective Pressure Measuring Method and Its Applications", JSAE REVIEW, SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS OF JAPAN, TOKYO, vol. 111, no. 3, 1 January 2002 (2002-01-01), pages 2982 - 2987 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1850107A3 (en) * | 2006-04-24 | 2008-08-13 | HONDA MOTOR CO., Ltd. | Workload calculation apparatus and method for internal combustion engine |
| US7467041B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2008-12-16 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Workload calculation apparatus and method for internal combustion engine, and engine control unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1801400A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| US7647155B2 (en) | 2010-01-12 |
| EP1801400A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| CN100578003C (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
| US20080294323A1 (en) | 2008-11-27 |
| JP4298624B2 (ja) | 2009-07-22 |
| CA2582836C (en) | 2011-09-20 |
| JP2006097660A (ja) | 2006-04-13 |
| CA2582836A1 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
| MX2007003739A (es) | 2007-05-23 |
| CN101023258A (zh) | 2007-08-22 |
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