WO2006030664A1 - 歯車の歯やねじのピッチの非接触測定法 - Google Patents
歯車の歯やねじのピッチの非接触測定法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006030664A1 WO2006030664A1 PCT/JP2005/016289 JP2005016289W WO2006030664A1 WO 2006030664 A1 WO2006030664 A1 WO 2006030664A1 JP 2005016289 W JP2005016289 W JP 2005016289W WO 2006030664 A1 WO2006030664 A1 WO 2006030664A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pitch
- target shape
- optical data
- evaluation value
- predetermined position
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
- G01B11/2416—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of gears
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a pitch measurement method for measuring the pitch of gear teeth, screws, and the like in a non-contact manner.
- a contact-type measurement method using a stylus is mainly used to measure the pitch of a gear (for example, see Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 JP 2002-107142 A
- the present invention is intended to provide a pitch measurement method capable of performing high-accuracy measurement in a short time in a non-contact manner using a simple device in view of the strong situation.
- the present invention provides a pitch measurement method configured as follows.
- the pitch measurement method for an object having a plurality of target shape portions having substantially the same shape, the distance between the target points of adjacent target shape portions, that is, the pitch of the target shape portions is measured in a non-contact manner.
- the pitch measurement method includes first to fourth steps. In the first step, the object is moved so that the shape-of-interest portion moves on the same route. In the second step, from a fixed position For the target shape portion passing through a predetermined position on the route, the optical data is continuously acquired and stored while focusing on the predetermined position.
- the predetermined position of the acquired optical data using the movement distance as a variable A focus evaluation value obtained by quantifying the degree of focus for the portion corresponding to is calculated, and a point cloud of a combination of the moving distance and the focus evaluation value is obtained.
- a reference curve is fitted to the point group, and the pitch is determined based on the fitting position of the reference curve.
- the pitch between adjacent target shape parts can be calculated from the fitting position of the reference curve determined for each target shape part in the fourth step. Or, calculate the difference (pitch error) between the measured pitch value and the normal value.
- the above method is a non-contact method, measurement can be performed in a shorter time than the contact method.
- a simple device can be used for movement and shooting of an object, storage of data, processing, and the like.
- the measurement error of the focus evaluation value with a relatively small change amount of the focus evaluation value is relatively large. It is difficult to accurately determine the peak position. If the reference curve is applied, the influence of measurement errors before and after the peak position can be reduced, and the peak position can be accurately determined in consideration of the shape of the entire focus evaluation value curve.
- the peak position can be determined in a unit smaller than the movement distance measurement interval.
- the reference curve is determined based on the focus evaluation value before and after at least one of the target shape portions of the object passes through the predetermined position of the path. decide.
- the reference curve is determined based on the focus evaluation value for the measured at least one target shape portion.
- a focus evaluation value curve of the target shape portion measured first is used as a reference curve.
- a focus evaluation value curve is obtained for each target shape portion of the object, and averaged and used as a reference curve.
- the reference curve is a curve including a section between at least one extreme value and inflection points existing on both sides thereof.
- the position of the target shape portion can be determined based on the overall curve shape of the focus evaluation value of the target shape portion, the influence of various noises can be reduced, and the accuracy of pitch measurement can be reduced. Can be improved.
- the object is moved at a substantially constant speed.
- the optical data is acquired and stored at substantially constant time intervals.
- the optical data is acquired and stored every time the target shape portion of the object moves by a substantially constant distance, it becomes easy to associate the optical data with the moving distance of the object, Data processing becomes easy.
- the accuracy of pitch measurement can be kept substantially constant. For example, the tooth profile pitch of the gear can be accurately measured.
- the present invention provides a pitch calculation method configured as follows.
- the pitch calculation method is a method of calculating the distance between the target points of adjacent target shape parts, that is, the pitch of the target shape parts, for an object having a plurality of target shape parts of substantially the same shape. .
- the target object is moved so that the target shape part moves on the same path, and the target shape part passing through a predetermined position on the path from a fixed position is focused on the predetermined position. Based on the correspondence relationship between the optical data received in the first step and the movement distance of the target shape portion of the target object.
- an in-focus evaluation value is calculated by quantifying the degree of in-focus for a portion corresponding to the predetermined position of the acquired optical data, and the moving distance and the in-focus evaluation value are calculated.
- the present invention provides a program for causing a computer to execute the pitch calculation method. I will provide a.
- the distance between the target points of adjacent target shape parts, that is, the pitch of the target shape part is calculated by the converter.
- the target object is moved so that the target shape part moves on the same path, and from the fixed position to the target shape part passing through a predetermined position on the path,
- a first step of receiving input of optical data continuously acquired with a focus on the predetermined position, optical data received in the first step, and movement of the target shape portion of the object Based on the correspondence relationship with the distance, using the movement distance as a variable, a focus evaluation value obtained by quantifying the degree of focus for a portion corresponding to the predetermined position of the acquired optical data is calculated, and the movement distance and
- the present invention also provides a pitch measuring apparatus configured as follows.
- the pitch measuring apparatus measures, with respect to an object having a plurality of target shape portions having substantially the same shape, the distance between the target points of adjacent target shape portions, that is, the pitch of the target shape portions without contact.
- the pitch measuring device moves from a fixed position to the target shape part passing through a predetermined position on the path.
- an in-focus evaluation value is calculated by numerically indicating the degree of in-focus for the portion corresponding to the predetermined position of the acquired optical data.
- a pitch calculation unit that obtains a point group of the combination of the in-focus evaluation values, applies a reference curve to the point group, and determines the pitch based on the fitting position of the reference curve;
- the optical data may be acquired while the object is forcibly driven, or the optical data may be acquired in a state where the object moves freely.
- the moving distance of the target shape part is not only directly measured when moving the reference point of the object, There are cases where it is calculated from the measurement result of the rolling angle, or it is calculated from the measurement result of the movement time of the reference point of the object.
- the focus position of the target shape part can be determined by the pitch calculation unit.
- the data acquisition unit stores the optical data acquired in a state where the object moves freely in association with the time when the optical data was acquired.
- the pitch calculation unit determines the in-focus position based on the optical data stored in the data acquisition unit and the time associated with the optical data.
- the movement distance of the target shape portion at the time when the optical data is acquired can be calculated based on the equation of motion of the object during free movement or actually measured data,
- the pitch can be measured without driving an object.
- a drive mechanism that rotates the object at a substantially constant speed is not necessary, and the configuration of the pitch measuring device can be simplified.
- the pitch measurement method, program, and pitch measurement apparatus of the present invention can perform high-precision measurement in a short time without contact using a simple device.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the measuring apparatus main body. (Example 1)
- FIG. 3 is a graph of focus evaluation values. (Example 1)
- FIG. 4 An explanatory diagram of fitting a reference curve. (Example 1)
- FIG. 6 is a graph of focus evaluation values. (Example 2)
- FIG. 7 is a graph of focus evaluation values. (Example 2)
- FIG. 9 is a configuration diagram of a pitch measurement system. (Example 3)
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a trigger signal. (Example 3)
- FIG. 11 An explanatory diagram of the fitting of a reference curve. (Example 3) 12] It is explanatory drawing of the pitch measurement of a gearwheel. (Example 4)
- FIG. 18 is a configuration diagram of a pitch measurement system. (Example 5)
- the shape of interest is the tooth profile 4 of the gear 2, and a predetermined point 6 on the path along which the tooth profile 4 of the gear 2 rotates, for example, a point on the pitch circle 8, is photographed by the camera 14.
- the taking lens 15 of the camera 14 is set so that the predetermined point 6 is in focus.
- the camera 14 is fixed at a position where the photographic lens 15 is separated from the predetermined point 6 by an operating distance L.
- the rotational drive unit 12 rotationally drives the gear 2 at a specified substantially constant speed based on a command signal from the measurement apparatus main body 16.
- the camera 14 takes a picture at a specified constant time interval.
- the data of the photographed image is transmitted to the measuring device main body 16 for each photographing or in a state where photographing data is accumulated to some extent.
- the measuring device body 16 receives data from the camera 14 and stores the received data in the storage unit 28. When the predetermined number of data is stored in the storage unit 28, the measuring apparatus body 16 transmits a command signal, stops the operations of the rotation drive unit 12 and the camera 14, and ends the measurement operation.
- the corresponding points are averaged, and an interpolation curve that interpolates or approximates the averaged points.
- the approximate curve is the reference curve S.
- an interpolation curve or an approximate curve may be obtained from only a point group for one tooth profile serving as a reference, and this may be used as the reference curve S, and the peak position X and the reference axis T may be determined.
- a reference curve S is applied to a group of in-focus evaluation value data D corresponding to an arbitrary tooth profile, and the rotation angle of the gear corresponding to the reference axis T when the reference curve S is best applied (for example, the angle from the reference axis T obtained for the point cloud D of the focus evaluation value of the reference tooth profile
- the reference curve S is moved little by little, and the deviation amount of the focus evaluation value between each point of the point group D of the focus evaluation value D and the reference curve S at each reference curve S position (arrow in FIG. 4). Calculate the sum of squares of the vertical deviations indicated by marks 90, 92, etc. Then, the rotation angle of the gear corresponding to the reference axis T at the position of the reference curve S when the sum of squares of the deviation amount becomes the smallest is obtained.
- the fitting of the reference curve S includes at least a section of the width W between the inflection points P and P of the focus evaluation value curve, and preferably each section included in a section about twice (2W) thereof. Do this for point data.
- the position of the reference axis can be determined from the overall curve shape of the focus evaluation value, the influence of various noises can be reduced, and the pitch measurement accuracy can be increased.
- the pitch measurement system 10 does not require synchronous control driving as in the tooth profile measuring device, and a simple device can be used. In addition, since it is a non-contact method, measurement can be performed in a short time. Furthermore, the measurement system 10 can set the working distance L of the camera 14 within a practical range (about 5 Omm) and measure the tooth profile pitch with a measurement accuracy of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the linear table 30 is driven to move the measurement surface 34, and the camera 36 takes an image.
- the position of the measurement surface 34 and the captured image data are stored in association with each other. Repeat the same measurement surface 34 10 times.
- the focus evaluation value is calculated for the second and subsequent data, the reference curve is applied, and the peak position (focus position) of the focus evaluation value curve is calculated.
- the reference curve is applied to a range that is twice the width of the inflection point of the focus evaluation value curve.
- the variation width of the measured value of the in-focus position was ⁇ 0.3 m.
- the focus evaluation value changes as shown in FIG. 6 as the measurement surface 34 moves.
- fine vibrational variations occur, and the peak position is accurately obtained from the maximum value of the focus evaluation value over the entire gentle peak position. It is difficult to mess.
- the in-focus position can be determined with an accuracy of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the rotation angle ⁇ of the gear 2 can be obtained from the time based on the equation of motion of the naturally rotating gear 2. That is, the equation of motion of the gear 2 when it rotates naturally can be expressed as follows.
- I ⁇ + D ⁇ 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ (1)
- I and D are constants.
- the function 0 (t) is obtained from the times t 1, t 2, t for each rotation of the toothed wheel with the number of teeth Z. I can decide. For example, static pressure
- the function ⁇ (t) can obtain the rotation angle at an arbitrary time from the time of each rotation, for example, by approximating the relationship between the rotation angle and time obtained by solving the equation of motion with a curve. .
- the time t of the internal clock is used instead of the rotation angle ⁇ of the gear, and the point group D ′ of the combination of the time t of a certain reference tooth and the focus evaluation value f is On that tooth
- the reference curve S ′ is applied to the point group D ′ in the same manner as in Example 1 to correspond to the reference axis T ′.
- the pitch measurement system 11 does not require a drive mechanism for rotating the gear 2 at a constant speed, and can simplify the configuration.
- the gear to be measured 40 is rotated by the gear measuring device as shown by the arrow 49, and the camera 44 is photographed every 0.01 °, and the focus evaluation value is calculated from the image data and is picked up.
- a Prewitt filter that is a first-order differential (difference) filter may be used.
- the coefficients shown in Fig. 17 (a) are plotted in the horizontal direction and the coefficients shown in Fig. 17 (b) are plotted in the vertical direction for nine pixel values centered on the target pixel. Multiply each in the direction to find the difference value f in the horizontal direction and the difference value f in the vertical direction, and find the sum of squares of absolute values (f 2 + f 2 ) 1/2 .
- FIG. 13 shows the relationship between the rotation angle of the gear and the focus evaluation value. Focusing evaluation values were calculated for seven consecutive teeth, with the first tooth, the second tooth, the third tooth, etc. in the order in which the teeth of the gear to be measured 40 were photographed.
- the rotation angle (horizontal axis) of the focus evaluation value curve for each tooth is the rotation angle obtained by subtracting the theoretical angle between the target tooth and the first tooth. That is, the rotation angle of the ⁇ -th tooth is indicated by the rotation angle obtained by subtracting the angle of the theoretical pitch (9 ° in this example) X ( ⁇ -1).
- Focus evaluation value is The 8-direction Laplacian filter in FIG.
- FIG. 18 (a) is an explanatory diagram when measuring the pitch of the V-groove 51 of the V-groove substrate 50 of the optical fiber array.
- FIG. 18 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 18 (a).
- the V-groove substrate 50 is placed on the slide table 52 with the surface on which the V-groove 51 is formed facing upward. While the V-groove substrate 50 is linearly moved in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction, the V-groove 51 of the V-groove substrate 50 is photographed by the camera 54 from the upper fixed position.
- the V-groove substrate 50 may be linearly moved obliquely with respect to the extending direction of the V-groove 51, but in this case, the pitch in the linear movement direction can be measured.
- the camera 54 shoots from the normal direction of the main surface of the V-groove substrate 50 as indicated by an arrow 54a, it is viewed from an oblique direction as indicated by an arrow 54x, that is, a substantially normal line of the slope of the V-groove 51. Take a picture from the direction.
- the slide table 52 is driven by the control from the measuring device main body 56 to move the V-groove substrate 50 in a straight line, and the linear moving distance is measured. I do.
- the measuring apparatus main body 56 extracts a predetermined range of focused data from the image data from the camera 54 and calculates a focus evaluation value.
- the pitch of the V-groove 51 is calculated by applying a reference curve to a point group indicating the relationship of the linear movement distance.
- data acquisition and storage and data analysis may be performed by separate devices.
- an apparatus for analyzing the latter data for example, a computer
- Input of optical data for example, image data obtained by photographing a predetermined position
- optical data for example, image data obtained by photographing a predetermined position
- a third step of fitting a curve and determining the pitch based on the fitting position of the reference curve is executed.
- a reference curve can be applied to the point cloud of the focus evaluation value, so that the object can be rotated at a constant speed or imaged. It is not always necessary to keep the interval constant.
- an appropriate one may be selected according to the surface property of the object.
- in-focus evaluation values can be calculated from captured image data in accordance with an active or passive ranging method used in cameras and sensors. Simply, the image may be taken with one optical system, and the brightness change may be used as the focus evaluation value.
- the in-focus evaluation value may be calculated based on a difference (parallax) between the luminance peak positions of the imaging in the two optical systems in which the optical axes are parallel.
- a predetermined position other than the peak position for example, an intermediate point that divides the width of the reference curve into two equal parts, an inflection point of the reference curve, and a start point and an end point of the reference curve Is the same as using the peak position as the reference curve fitting position.
- the focus evaluation value can also be defined so that the minimum point corresponds to the focus position. In this case, the unevenness of the reference curve is reversed, but the pitch can be obtained by applying the reference curve to the point group of the focus evaluation value, as in the case where the maximum point corresponds to the focus position.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112005002197.1T DE112005002197B4 (de) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-06 | Berührungsloses Verfahren zur Messung von Zahnradteilungen und Schraubensteigungen |
| JP2006535749A JP3960618B2 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-06 | 歯車の歯やねじのピッチの非接触測定法 |
| US11/662,421 US7755771B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-06 | Noncontact method for measuring pitch of gear teeth and screw |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004265478 | 2004-09-13 | ||
| JP2004-265478 | 2004-09-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2006030664A1 true WO2006030664A1 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
Family
ID=36059919
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2005/016289 Ceased WO2006030664A1 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-06 | 歯車の歯やねじのピッチの非接触測定法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7755771B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3960618B2 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112005002197B4 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2006030664A1 (ja) |
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| CN103223626A (zh) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-31 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | 一种在线检测大齿轮齿向误差的方法 |
| CN103223628A (zh) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-31 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | 一种在线检测大齿轮齿形误差的方法 |
| CN109489581A (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | 一种大螺距锥形外螺纹检测装置及方法 |
| JP2021189027A (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-13 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
| JP2021189028A (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-13 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
| JP7455670B2 (ja) | 2020-05-29 | 2024-03-26 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
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| DE102009036776B4 (de) * | 2009-08-08 | 2014-11-27 | Niles Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh | Verfahren zur Messung des Aufmaßes eines hartfeinzubearbeitenden Zahnrades |
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| JP5564373B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-16 | 2014-07-30 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | ワーク検査装置 |
| US20120274315A1 (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-11-01 | Rhodes Michael L | Rotation Angle Measurement Assembly |
| CN103075989B (zh) * | 2012-12-31 | 2018-10-12 | 深圳市配天智造装备股份有限公司 | 一种螺距误差补偿方法 |
| CN103223627B (zh) * | 2013-03-19 | 2015-12-23 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | 一种在线检测大齿轮啮合线误差的方法 |
| US9797715B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 | 2017-10-24 | Landau Gage, Inc. | Gage for verifying profile of part and method of verifying profile of part |
| CN104764433A (zh) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-08 | 五邑大学 | 一种便携式齿轮齿距检测装置 |
| FR3043193B1 (fr) | 2015-11-02 | 2019-04-19 | Mesure-Systems3D | Dispositif de controle tridimensionnel sans contact d’une piece mecanique a denture |
| JP6862636B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-06 | 2021-04-21 | 株式会社ジェイテクト | 歯車の測定方法及び測定装置 |
| CA3034633A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-03-15 | Gleason Metrology Systems Corporation | Measurement of toothed articles utilizing multiple sensors |
| EP3321628B1 (de) * | 2016-11-10 | 2020-01-01 | Klingelnberg AG | Koordinaten-messvorrichtung mit optischem sensor und entsprechendes verfahren |
| JP6671309B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-13 | 2020-03-25 | 株式会社Screenホールディングス | 検査装置および検査方法 |
| CN107121093B (zh) * | 2017-06-13 | 2019-12-17 | 电子科技大学 | 一种基于主动视觉的齿轮测量装置及测量方法 |
| DE102018112805A1 (de) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-05 | Klingelnberg Gmbh | Verfahren zur Analyse von Oberflächenwelligkeiten |
| CN109470474B (zh) * | 2018-12-04 | 2024-06-11 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | 激光束齿距误差检测装置 |
| WO2022109542A1 (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | Gleason Metrology Systems Corporation | Automated noncontact sensor positioning |
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| DE19941771B4 (de) | 1999-09-02 | 2010-10-21 | E. Zoller GmbH & Co. KG Einstell- und Messgeräte | Verfahren zur Vermessung von ein- oder mehrschneidigen Zerspanungswerkzeugen |
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- 2005-09-06 DE DE112005002197.1T patent/DE112005002197B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-06 US US11/662,421 patent/US7755771B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-06 JP JP2006535749A patent/JP3960618B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-09-06 WO PCT/JP2005/016289 patent/WO2006030664A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPS6453105A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-03-01 | Brother Ind Ltd | Measuring instrument for reflecting surface shape of optical disk |
| JPH01285807A (ja) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-16 | Yasunaga:Kk | 光学式被測定物検査装置 |
| JPH04236311A (ja) * | 1991-01-21 | 1992-08-25 | Nec Corp | 三次元形状測定装置 |
| JP2004012134A (ja) * | 2002-06-03 | 2004-01-15 | Amtec Inc | 歯車歯形の非接触測定方法および非接触測定装置 |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103223626A (zh) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-31 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | 一种在线检测大齿轮齿向误差的方法 |
| CN103223628A (zh) * | 2013-03-19 | 2013-07-31 | 中信重工机械股份有限公司 | 一种在线检测大齿轮齿形误差的方法 |
| CN109489581A (zh) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-03-19 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | 一种大螺距锥形外螺纹检测装置及方法 |
| JP2021189027A (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-13 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
| JP2021189028A (ja) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-13 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
| JP7455670B2 (ja) | 2020-05-29 | 2024-03-26 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
| JP7455671B2 (ja) | 2020-05-29 | 2024-03-26 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
| JP7652870B2 (ja) | 2020-05-29 | 2025-03-27 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像寸法測定装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP3960618B2 (ja) | 2007-08-15 |
| DE112005002197B4 (de) | 2014-09-11 |
| DE112005002197T5 (de) | 2009-03-12 |
| JPWO2006030664A1 (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
| US20070291260A1 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
| US7755771B2 (en) | 2010-07-13 |
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