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WO2006017867A1 - Short-circuit identification in thermocoupled elements - Google Patents

Short-circuit identification in thermocoupled elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006017867A1
WO2006017867A1 PCT/AT2005/000275 AT2005000275W WO2006017867A1 WO 2006017867 A1 WO2006017867 A1 WO 2006017867A1 AT 2005000275 W AT2005000275 W AT 2005000275W WO 2006017867 A1 WO2006017867 A1 WO 2006017867A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductors
thermocouple
measuring arrangement
arrangement according
thermoelectric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AT2005/000275
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gérard Salzgeber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG Oesterreich
Original Assignee
Siemens Transportation Systems GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Transportation Systems GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Transportation Systems GmbH and Co KG
Publication of WO2006017867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006017867A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
    • G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
    • G01K7/026—Arrangements for signalling failure or disconnection of thermocouples

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an improved thermoelectric measuring arrangement with at least one thermocouple formed from two conductors, each extending from a measuring point to a connection point.
  • Thermocouples are used in a variety of applications; Here is the application in a rail vehicle in the foreground.
  • thermocouple consists essentially of two (usually wire-shaped) ladders made of different, specially suitable metallic materials, which are connected in the form of a conductor loop in two places - so-called thermocouple. This is illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the two conductors L1, L2 are connected at two contact points K0, Kl.
  • the one contact point KO (connection point) is realized by a connection body, which is kept at a stable temperature ⁇ o, while the other contact point K1 (measuring point) is located in a location whose temperature ⁇ i is to be measured.
  • thermo-voltage a voltage Ux (so-called thermo-voltage), which is substantially (namely for not too large temperature differences) proportional to the temperature difference ⁇ i- ⁇ o the measuring and connection point.
  • the thermoelectric voltage Uj is measured with a voltage measuring device UM connected to the terminal body at the contact point KO in the conductor circuit.
  • a short circuit K2 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 1) occurs between the conductors L1, L2, then this location is a new contact point.
  • This forms its own conductor circuit with the contact point KO, so that the voltage measured at the location of the measuring device UM is proportional to the temperature difference ⁇ 2 - ⁇ 0 of the contact points KO, K2.
  • Such a short circuit is therefore not readily distinguishable from the normal operating state, since the conductor circuit continues to appear functionally functional via the short-circuit point K2, albeit with the measurement of a more or less falsified temperature ⁇ 2 of the short-circuit point K2.
  • thermocouple conductors It is an object of the invention to enable the detection of a short circuit between the two thermocouple conductors.
  • thermoelectric measuring arrangement of the type mentioned above according to the invention by means of an electrically conductive separation surface which extends between the conductors of the at least one thermocouple and the at - -
  • thermocouple conductors Due to the conductive separation surface between the two thermocouple conductors, their direct contact is prevented when the insulation is damaged, or at least considerably reduced. In addition, upon damage to the insulation, contact is made between the separation surface and the subject thermocouple conductor, and this contact can be detected easily with respect to the electrical potential of the interface, namely at the terminal of one of the thermocouple conductors.
  • an electrical voltage is applied between the separating surface and the conductors, which in the case of a shunt voltage drop as. is measurable via a grounding resistor of the thermocouple.
  • a monitoring device is favorable with regard to a finite resistance between the separating surface and the conductors of the thermocouple.
  • the monitoring device is, for example, a device for voltage measurement.
  • the interface surrounds a conductor as an electrical shield.
  • an electrically conductive separation surface can be provided for both conductors of a thermocouple.
  • each separating surface can each surround a conductor as an electrical shield.
  • thermocouple it is advantageous to facilitate determination of the location of a shunt when the interface is made of a resistive material, the interface having a resistance over the entire length of the thermocouple that exceeds that of the thermocouple.
  • the measuring arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a rail vehicle, in particular for monitoring a wheel bearing and / or Dreh ⁇ frame.
  • Fig. 1 shows the known principle of a thermocouple
  • thermocouple 2 shows the cross section of a thermocouple according to the embodiment
  • Fig. 3 shows a circuit for monitoring a short circuit in a thermocouple of
  • thermocouple in the bogie of a rail vehicle. Therein, a thermocouple is guided to the location of the temperature measurement, whose measuring principle has already been explained in the introduction with reference to FIG. *
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic cross-section through the inventive thermal pair TP, whose two conductors L1, L2 are individually shielded, so that two separating surfaces according to the invention are realized.
  • Each conductor L1, L2 is surrounded by a shield S1, S2 completely in the manner of a Koaxialtransportung.
  • the conductors L1, L2 are electrically separated from the shields S1, S2 by insulating material II, 12; In the illustrated embodiment, the two shields are electrically separated from each other by insulating material. If due to an event z.Bi mechanical type (crushing) get in contact with the thermocouple, thus an electrical connection with one of the two shields Sl, S2 (usually with both) must come about. This can be monitored by a resistance measurement between the shields and the thermocouple cables.
  • FIG. 3 shows a possible realization of the monitoring by means of a resistance measurement by means of voltage measurement.
  • the actual thermocouple measuring circuit with the two conductors L1, L2, measuring point K1 and a measuring device MT for the thermoelectric voltage corresponds to FIG. 1.
  • one of the conductors L2 at the junction via a ground resistance RG to ground potential (0 V) is set.
  • the shields S1, S2 according to the invention (FIG. 2) are connected to a potential Ug (relative to ground potential).
  • thermocouple TP a potential which differs from the ground potential by a voltage value which clearly differs from the thermal voltages UT occurring during operation of the thermocouple TP, for example by an order of magnitude greater.
  • a voltage is applied between the shield and the thermocouples (corresponding to the potential Us), which, however, does not affect the operation of the thermocouple (voltage UT).
  • thermocouple The potential of the thermocouple is monitored by a monitoring device MG, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a voltage measuring device and forms a control device MM together with the measuring device MT of the thermoelectric voltage. Occurs Short circuit between one of the conductors and the shields, the voltage UQ measured across the grounding resistor RQ deviates from 0 V; This is detected by the monitoring MG and reported, for example, via an error message or an alarm.
  • a monitoring device MG which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a voltage measuring device and forms a control device MM together with the measuring device MT of the thermoelectric voltage. Occurs Short circuit between one of the conductors and the shields, the voltage UQ measured across the grounding resistor RQ deviates from 0 V; This is detected by the monitoring MG and reported, for example, via an error message or an alarm.
  • the shielding voltage Us is expediently applied in a current-limited manner in order to avoid heating up due to the short-circuit current across the shielding in the case of a shunt. It is also possible to apply the screen voltage only briefly during the check (for example at regular time intervals or during startup).
  • the shields Sl, S2 are made of an electrically conductive material, e.g. can be a good electrical conductor.
  • the shielding material can also be a material with a resistance which, viewed over the entire length of the two shields Sl, S2, results in a resistance value comparable to the grounding resistance RG, which, of course, must be significantly greater than the intrinsic resistance of the thermocouple.
  • the effective length of the shield and hence the location of the shunt can be determined on the basis of the principle of the voltage divider.
  • thermocouples can be provided;
  • the number and geometrical shape of the separating surfaces can also vary. For example, in a modification of Fig. 2, a separation surface as a common protective conductor S-shaped both conductors surrounded and at the same time separate from each other.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
  • Measuring Temperature Or Quantity Of Heat (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermoelectric measuring assembly comprising at least one thermocouple that is configured from two conductors (L1, L2), said conductors running respectively from a measuring point (K1) to a connection point (K0). Said assembly is equipped with an electrically conductive parting plane (S1, S2), which runs between the conductors (L1, L2) of the thermocouple or thermocouples. To check for unwanted contact between the conductors, an electric potential (U<SB>S</SB>) is applied to the parting plane, said potential differing from the electric potentials (U<SB>T</SB>) that occur during the operation of the thermocouple and being measured in the latter.

Description

KURZSCHLUSSERKENNUNG BEI THERMOELEMENTEN SHORT-CIRCUIT DETECTION FOR THERMAL ELEMENTS

Die Erfindung betrifft eine verbesserte thermoelektrische Messanordnung mit zumindest einem aus zwei Leitern gebildeten Thermopaar, die jeweils von einer Messstelle zu einer Anschlussstelle verlaufen.The invention relates to an improved thermoelectric measuring arrangement with at least one thermocouple formed from two conductors, each extending from a measuring point to a connection point.

Thermoelemente werden in vielfältigen Anwendungen genutzt; hier steht die Anwendung in einem Schienenfahrzeug im Vordergrund.Thermocouples are used in a variety of applications; Here is the application in a rail vehicle in the foreground.

Ein Thermoelement besteht im Wesentlichen aus zwei (in der Regel drahtförmig gestalteten) Leitern aus verschiedenen, speziell geeigneten metallischen Materialien, die in Form einer Leiterschleife an zwei Stellen miteinander verbunden sind - sogenanntes Thermopaar. Dies ist in Fig. 1 illustriert, in der die beiden Leiter Ll, L2 an zwei Kontaktstellen KO, Kl verbun¬ den sind. Die eine Kontaktstelle KO (Anschlussstelle) ist durch einen Anschlusskörper realisiert, der auf stabiler Temperatur θo gehalten wird, während die andere Kontaktstelle Kl (Messstelle) sich an einem Ort befindet, dessen Temperatur θi gemessen werden soll. Das so gebildete Thermoelementpaar erzeugt eine Spannung Ux (sogenannte Thermo-Spannung), die im Wesentlichen (nämlich für nicht zu große Temperaturdifferenzen) proportional der Temperaturdifferenz θi-θo der Mess- und Anschlussstelle ist. Die Thermospannung Uj wird mit einem bei dem Anschlusskörper an der Kontaktstelle KO in den Leiterkreis geschalteten Spannungsmessgerät UM gemessen.A thermocouple consists essentially of two (usually wire-shaped) ladders made of different, specially suitable metallic materials, which are connected in the form of a conductor loop in two places - so-called thermocouple. This is illustrated in FIG. 1, in which the two conductors L1, L2 are connected at two contact points K0, Kl. The one contact point KO (connection point) is realized by a connection body, which is kept at a stable temperature θo, while the other contact point K1 (measuring point) is located in a location whose temperature θi is to be measured. The pair of thermocouples thus formed generates a voltage Ux (so-called thermo-voltage), which is substantially (namely for not too large temperature differences) proportional to the temperature difference θi-θo the measuring and connection point. The thermoelectric voltage Uj is measured with a voltage measuring device UM connected to the terminal body at the contact point KO in the conductor circuit.

Wenn nun ein Kurzschluss K2 (in Fig. 1 strichliert dargestellt) zwischen den Leitern Ll, L2 auftritt , so ist diese Stelle eine neue Kontaktstelle. Diese bildet einen eigenen Leiterkreis mit der Kontaktstelle KO, sodass die am Ort des Messgeräts UM gemessene Spannung propor¬ tional der Temperaturdifferenz Θ2-Θ0 der Kontaktstellen KO, K2 ist. Ein solcher Kurzschluss ist daher nicht ohne Weiteres vom normalen Betriebszustand zu unterscheiden, da über die Kurzschlussstelle K2 der Leiterkreis weiterhin scheinbar funktionstüchtig bleibt - allerdings mit der Messung einer mehr oder weniger verfälschten Temperatur Θ2 der Kurzschluss¬ stelle K2.If now a short circuit K2 (shown in broken lines in FIG. 1) occurs between the conductors L1, L2, then this location is a new contact point. This forms its own conductor circuit with the contact point KO, so that the voltage measured at the location of the measuring device UM is proportional to the temperature difference Θ 2 -Θ 0 of the contact points KO, K2. Such a short circuit is therefore not readily distinguishable from the normal operating state, since the conductor circuit continues to appear functionally functional via the short-circuit point K2, albeit with the measurement of a more or less falsified temperature Θ 2 of the short-circuit point K2.

Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Detektion eines Kurzschlusses zwischen den beiden Thermopaar-Leitern zu ermöglichen.It is an object of the invention to enable the detection of a short circuit between the two thermocouple conductors.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird ausgehend von einer thermoelektrischen Messanordnung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß mittels einer elektrisch leitenden Trennfläche gelöst, die zwischen den Leitern des zumindest einen Thermopaars verläuft und die an ein - -The object is achieved, starting from a thermoelectric measuring arrangement of the type mentioned above according to the invention by means of an electrically conductive separation surface which extends between the conductors of the at least one thermocouple and the at - -

elektrisches Potenzial anschließbar ist, das sich von den im Betrieb des Thermopaars auftre¬ tenden elektrischen Potenzialen unterscheidet.electrical potential can be connected, which differs from the auftre¬ in operation of the Thermopaars bordering electrical potentials.

Durch die leitende Trennfläche zwischen den beiden Thermoelementleitern wird deren direkter Kontakt bei Beschädigung der Isolation verhindert oder zumindest erheblich er¬ schwert. Außerdem wird bei einer Beschädigung der Isolation ein Kontakt zwischen der Trennfläche und dem betreffenden Thermoelementleiter hergestellt, und dieser Kontakt kann auf leichte Weise hinsichtlich des elektrischen Potenzials der Trennfläche detektiert werden, nämlich am Anschluss eines der Thermoelementleiter.Due to the conductive separation surface between the two thermocouple conductors, their direct contact is prevented when the insulation is damaged, or at least considerably reduced. In addition, upon damage to the insulation, contact is made between the separation surface and the subject thermocouple conductor, and this contact can be detected easily with respect to the electrical potential of the interface, namely at the terminal of one of the thermocouple conductors.

In einer bevorzugten Ausbildung der Erfindung ist zwischen der Trennfläche und den Leitern eine elektrische Spannung angelegt, die im Falle eines Nebenschlusses als Span¬ nungsabfall z.B. über einen Erdungswiderstand des Thermoelements messbar ist.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, an electrical voltage is applied between the separating surface and the conductors, which in the case of a shunt voltage drop as. is measurable via a grounding resistor of the thermocouple.

Für die Überprüfung auf einen Nebenschluss ist eine Überwachungseinrichrung hinsichtlich eines endlichen Widerstandes zwischen der Trennfläche und den Leitern des Thermopaars günstig. Im Falle, dass^ eine elektrische Spannung zwischen Trennfläche und Leitern angelegt wird, ist die Überwachungseinrichtung beispielsweise eine Einrichtung zur Spannungs¬ messung.For the check on a shunt, a monitoring device is favorable with regard to a finite resistance between the separating surface and the conductors of the thermocouple. In the event that an electrical voltage is applied between the separating surface and the conductors, the monitoring device is, for example, a device for voltage measurement.

Günstigerweise umgibt die Trennfläche einen Leiter als elektrische Schirmung. Um eine symmetrische Anordnung und verringerte Störanfälligkeit zu erreichen, kann für beide Leiter eines Thermopaars eine elektrisch leitende Trennfläche vorgesehen sein. In diesem Fall kann jede Trennfläche jeweils einen Leiter als elektrische Schirmung umgeben.Conveniently, the interface surrounds a conductor as an electrical shield. In order to achieve a symmetrical arrangement and reduced susceptibility to interference, an electrically conductive separation surface can be provided for both conductors of a thermocouple. In this case, each separating surface can each surround a conductor as an electrical shield.

Weiters ist es vorteilhaft, um eine Bestimmung des Ortes eines Nebenschlusses zu erleich¬ tern, wenn die Trennfläche aus einem widerstandbehafteten Material besteht, wobei die Trennfläche über die Gesamtlänge des Thermopaars einen Widerstandswert aufweist, der jenen des Thermopaars übersteigt.Furthermore, it is advantageous to facilitate determination of the location of a shunt when the interface is made of a resistive material, the interface having a resistance over the entire length of the thermocouple that exceeds that of the thermocouple.

Die erfindungsgemäße Messanordnung eignet sich in besonderem Maße zur Anwendung in einem Schienenfahrzeug, insbesondere zur Überwachung eines Radlagers und/ oder Dreh¬ gestells.The measuring arrangement according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a rail vehicle, in particular for monitoring a wheel bearing and / or Dreh¬ frame.

Die Erfindung samt weiterer Vorzüge wird im Folgenden anhand eines nicht einschränken¬ den Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert, das in den beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert ist; diese zeigen: - -The invention together with further advantages will be explained below with reference to a non-limiting embodiment, which is explained in the accompanying drawings; these show: - -

Fig. 1 das bekannte Prinzip eines Thermoelements;Fig. 1 shows the known principle of a thermocouple;

Fig. 2 den Querschnitt eines Thermopaares gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel; und2 shows the cross section of a thermocouple according to the embodiment; and

Fig. 3 eine Schaltung zur Überwachung eines Kurzschlusses bei einem Thermopaar derFig. 3 shows a circuit for monitoring a short circuit in a thermocouple of

Fig. 2.Fig. 2.

Das bevorzugte Ausfuhrungsbeispiel betrifft ein Thermoelement im Drehgestell eines Schienenfahrzeugs. Darin ist ein Thermopaar zu dem Ort der Temperaturmessung geführt, dessen Messprinzip bereits einleitend anhand der Fig. 1 erläutert wurde. * The preferred embodiment relates to a thermocouple in the bogie of a rail vehicle. Therein, a thermocouple is guided to the location of the temperature measurement, whose measuring principle has already been explained in the introduction with reference to FIG. *

Fig. 2 zeigt einen schematischen Querschnitt durch das erfindungsgemäße Thermopaar TP, dessen beide Leiter Ll, L2 einzeln geschirmt sind, sodass zwei Trennfläche nach der Erfin¬ dung realisiert sind. Jeder Leiter Ll, L2 ist von einer Schirmung Sl, S2 vollständig nach Art einer Koaxialschirmung umgeben. Die Leiter Ll, L2 sind von den Schirmungen Sl, S2 durch Isoliermaterial II, 12 elektrisch getrennt; im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind auch die beiden Schirmungen voneinander durch Isoliermaterial elektrisch getrennt. Wenn aufgrund eines Ereignisses z.Bi mechanischen Art (Quetschung) die Thermopaarleiter in Kontakt gelangen, muss somit auch eine elektrische Verbindung mit einer der beiden Schirmungen Sl, S2 (in der Regel mit beiden) zustande kommen. Dies kann durch eine Widerstandsmes¬ sung zwischen den Schirmungen und den Thermopaarleitungen überwacht werden.2 shows a schematic cross-section through the inventive thermal pair TP, whose two conductors L1, L2 are individually shielded, so that two separating surfaces according to the invention are realized. Each conductor L1, L2 is surrounded by a shield S1, S2 completely in the manner of a Koaxialschirmung. The conductors L1, L2 are electrically separated from the shields S1, S2 by insulating material II, 12; In the illustrated embodiment, the two shields are electrically separated from each other by insulating material. If due to an event z.Bi mechanical type (crushing) get in contact with the thermocouple, thus an electrical connection with one of the two shields Sl, S2 (usually with both) must come about. This can be monitored by a resistance measurement between the shields and the thermocouple cables.

hi Fig. 3 ist eine mögliche Realisierung der Überwachung mittels einer Widerstandsmessung durch Spannungsmessung dargestellt. Der eigentliche Thermo-Messkreis mit den beiden Leitern Ll, L2, Messstelle Kl und einem Messgerät MT für die Thermospannung, z.B. in Form eines Spannungsmessgeräts mit vorgeschaltetem Spannungsverstärker (in der Figur nicht gezeigt), entspricht der Fig. 1. Zusätzlich ist einer der Leiter L2 an der Anschlussstelle über einen Erdungswiderstand RG auf Massepotenzial (0 V) gelegt. Die erfindungsgemäßen Schirmungen Sl, S2 (Fig. 2) sind mit einem Potenzial Ug (bezogen auf Massepotenzial) verbunden. Zweckmäßigerweise wird ein Potenzial verwendet, dass sich vom Massepoten¬ zial um einen Spannungswert unterscheidet, der von den im Betrieb des Thermoelements TP auftretenden Thermospannungen UT deutlich unterscheidet, beispielsweise um eine Grö¬ ßenordnung größer ist. Auf diese Weise wird eine Spannung zwischen der Schirmung und den Thermopaarleitern angelegt (entsprechend dem Potenzial Us), die jedoch den Betrieb des Thermoelements (Spannung UT) nicht beeinflusst.FIG. 3 shows a possible realization of the monitoring by means of a resistance measurement by means of voltage measurement. The actual thermocouple measuring circuit with the two conductors L1, L2, measuring point K1 and a measuring device MT for the thermoelectric voltage, e.g. in the form of a voltage measuring device with upstream voltage amplifier (not shown in the figure), corresponds to FIG. 1. In addition, one of the conductors L2 at the junction via a ground resistance RG to ground potential (0 V) is set. The shields S1, S2 according to the invention (FIG. 2) are connected to a potential Ug (relative to ground potential). Expediently, a potential is used which differs from the ground potential by a voltage value which clearly differs from the thermal voltages UT occurring during operation of the thermocouple TP, for example by an order of magnitude greater. In this way, a voltage is applied between the shield and the thermocouples (corresponding to the potential Us), which, however, does not affect the operation of the thermocouple (voltage UT).

Das Potenzial des Thermoelements wird mit einer Überwachungseinrichtung MG, die im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ein Spannungsmessgerät ist und zusammen mit dem Mess¬ gerät MT der Thermospannung eine Kontrolleinrichtung MM bildet, überwacht. Tritt ein Kurzschluss zwischen einem der Leiter und den Schirmungen auf, so weicht die über den Erdungswiderstand RQ gemessene Spannung UQ von 0 V ab; dies wird von der Überwa¬ chung MG erkannt und z.B. über eine Fehlermeldung oder einen Alarm gemeldet.The potential of the thermocouple is monitored by a monitoring device MG, which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a voltage measuring device and forms a control device MM together with the measuring device MT of the thermoelectric voltage. Occurs Short circuit between one of the conductors and the shields, the voltage UQ measured across the grounding resistor RQ deviates from 0 V; This is detected by the monitoring MG and reported, for example, via an error message or an alarm.

Die Schirmungsspannung Us wird günstigerweise strombegrenzt angelegt, um ein Auf¬ heizen durch den Kurzschlussstrom über die Schirmung im Falle eines Nebenschlusses zu vermeiden. Auch ist es möglich, die Schirmspannung nur kurzzeitig bei der Überprüfung (z.B. in regelmäßigen Zeitintervallen oder bei Inbetriebnahme) anzulegen.The shielding voltage Us is expediently applied in a current-limited manner in order to avoid heating up due to the short-circuit current across the shielding in the case of a shunt. It is also possible to apply the screen voltage only briefly during the check (for example at regular time intervals or during startup).

Die Schirmungen Sl, S2 bestehen aus einem elektrisch leitenden Material, das z.B. ein guter elektrischer Leiter sein kann. Das Schirmmaterial kann auch ein Material mit einem Wider¬ standswert sein, das über die gesamte Länge der beiden Schirmungen Sl, S2 betrachtet eine dem Erdungswiderstand RG vergleichbaren Widerstandswert ergibt, der hierbei natürlich deutlich größer als der Eigenwiderstand des Thermoelements sein muss. Im Falle eines elektrischen Nebenschlusses kann so aufgrund des Prinzips des Spannungsteilers die wirk¬ same Länge der Schirmung und daraus der Ort des Nebenschlusses bestimmt werden.The shields Sl, S2 are made of an electrically conductive material, e.g. can be a good electrical conductor. The shielding material can also be a material with a resistance which, viewed over the entire length of the two shields Sl, S2, results in a resistance value comparable to the grounding resistance RG, which, of course, must be significantly greater than the intrinsic resistance of the thermocouple. In the case of an electrical shunt, the effective length of the shield and hence the location of the shunt can be determined on the basis of the principle of the voltage divider.

Selbstverständlich ist das hier gezeigte Ausführungsbeispiel nicht einschränkend zu verste¬ hen; vielmehr sind auch andere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung denkbar. Insbesondere können auch mehrere Thermopaare vorgesehen sein; auch kann die Anzahl und geometri¬ sche Gestalt der Trennflächen variieren. Beispielsweise könnte in Abwandlung der Fig. 2 eine Trennfläche als gemeinsamer Schutzleiter S-förmig beide Leiter umgeben und zugleich voneinander trennen. Of course, the exemplary embodiment shown here is not intended to be restrictive; Rather, other embodiments of the invention are conceivable. In particular, several thermocouples can be provided; The number and geometrical shape of the separating surfaces can also vary. For example, in a modification of Fig. 2, a separation surface as a common protective conductor S-shaped both conductors surrounded and at the same time separate from each other.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung mit zumindest einem aus zwei Leitern (Ll, L2) gebildeten Thermopaar, wobei die Leiter jeweils von einer Messstelle (Kl) zu einer An¬ schlussstelle (KO) verlaufen, gekennzeichnet durch eine elektrisch leitende Trennfläche (Sl, S2), die zwischen den Leitern (Ll, L2) des zumindest einen Thermopaars verläuft und die an ein elektrisches Potenzial (Us)': anschließbar ist, das sich von den im Betrieb des Thermopaars auftretenden elektrischen Potenzialen (UT) unter¬ scheidet.1. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement with at least one thermocouple formed from two conductors (L1, L2), the conductors each extending from a measuring point (K1) to an attachment point (K0), characterized by an electrically conductive separating surface (S1, S2), which is connected between the conductors (L1, L2) of the at least one thermocouple and which can be connected to an electrical potential (Us) ' , which differs from the electrical potentials (UT) occurring during operation of the thermocouple. 2. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwischen der Trennfläche (Sl, S2) und den Leitern (Ll, L2) eine elektrische Spannung ange¬ legt ist, die im Falle eines Nebenschlusses einen Spannungsabfall über einen Erdungswider¬ stand (RQ) des Thermoelements erzeugt.2. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that between the separating surface (Sl, S2) and the conductors (Ll, L2) an electrical voltage is applied, which in the case of a shunt a voltage drop across a Erdungswider¬ stood (RQ ) of the thermocouple. 3. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, gekennzeichnet durch eine Überwachungseinrichtung (MG) hinsichtlich eines endlichen Widerstandes zwischen der Trennfläche und den Leitern des Thermopaars.3. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a monitoring device (MG) with respect to a finite resistance between the separation surface and the conductors of the Thermopar. 4. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass die Trennfläche einen Leiter als elektrische Schirmung umgibt.4. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the separating surface surrounds a conductor as an electrical shield. 5. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass für beide Leiter eines Thermopaars eine elektrisch leitende Trennfläche vorgesehen ist.5. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that an electrically conductive separation surface is provided for both conductors of a thermocouple. 6. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Trennfläche (Sl; S2) jeweils einen Leiter (Ll; L2) als elektrische Schirmung umgibt.6. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that each separating surface (Sl; S2) in each case surrounds a conductor (L1; L2) as an electrical shield. 7. Thermoelektrische Messanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekenn¬ zeichnet, dass die Trennfläche aus einem widerstandbehafteten Material besteht, wobei die Trennfläche über die Gesamtlänge des Thermopaars einen Widerstandswert aufweist, der jenen des Thermopaars übersteigt.7. Thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized gekenn¬ characterized in that the separating surface consists of a resistive material, wherein the separating surface over the total length of the Thermopar has a resistance value which exceeds those of the Thermopaars. 8. Verwendung einer fhermoelektrischen Messanordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 zur Überwachung eines Radlagers und/ oder Drehgestells in einem Schienenfahrzeug. 8. Use of a thermoelectric measuring arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 7 for monitoring a wheel bearing and / or bogie in a rail vehicle.
PCT/AT2005/000275 2004-08-20 2005-07-14 Short-circuit identification in thermocoupled elements Ceased WO2006017867A1 (en)

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AT14142004A AT414276B (en) 2004-08-20 2004-08-20 SHORT-CIRCUIT DETECTION FOR THERMAL ELEMENTS

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DE102023121431A1 (en) * 2023-08-10 2025-02-13 Saf-Holland Gmbh sensor system and method for determining the condition

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