WO2006004193A1 - Structure of external wall or roof having permeable layer for reducing transmission of radiation heat and acquisition of solar radiation heat and external material for external wall or roofing material - Google Patents

Abstract

A structure of an external wall or a roof and an external material for the external wall or a roofing material. In the structure of the external wall or the roof of a building, heat insulating and heat shielding performances are provided to a permeable layer for which dehumidifying action by the circulation of air was expected to secure high heat insulating and heat shielding performances for the external wall or the roof without changing the thickness of an insulator. Accordingly, when the heat insulating and heat shielding performances must not be changed, the thickness of the insulator can be reduced less than before. The building in which an external material (11) is installed through the permeable layer (9) installed on the outside of the structure of the external wall or the roof is characterized in that low heat radiating sheets (8, 8a) having a low radiating performance against the heat radiation of long wavelength components are installed on the permeable layer (9) side surfaces of one or both of the external material (11) and the insulator (7).

Description

Structure of outer wall or roof with ventilation layer with reduced radiant heat transfer and solar heat acquisition and exterior wall or roofing material for outer wall

 The present invention relates to a building having a function of blocking heat transfer such as radiation of outside heat into the room or radiation of room heat into the outside air on the outer surface side of the outer wall or rooflight, in particular, high heat insulation and high shielding. The present invention relates to a structure of an outer wall or roof having thermal performance, and an outer wall exterior material or roof covering material. In addition, outer wall or writing

Is a roof structure, or an exterior wall exterior material or roof roofing material, which is used in the sense that the heat insulation structure of the present invention can be commonly applied to the exterior wall and roof and exterior wall exterior roofing material.

 For buildings such as houses, the power of adopting a sufficient heat insulation structure ^ Not only will air conditioning costs be reduced, but it will also lead to a more comfortable living space. It is also effective in maintaining a comfortable space.

The heat insulation structure of a building is roughly divided into an inner heat insulation method and an outer heat insulation method. The inner heat insulation method is also referred to as the filling heat insulation method, and is a method in which the heat insulation material is filled from the inside of the wall body to the inside of the room or the gap of the structure body. is there. In any heat insulation method, a method of installing an exterior material through the ventilator edge is often used. A ventilation layer is formed between the outer periphery of the ventilation trunk and the ventilation layer. However, this ventilation layer has not been treated as a conventional heat insulation layer, and is used exclusively as a layer for removing moisture. Has a ventilation layer Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-2 1 2 8 1 3 is a related art related to the external heat insulation method.

 In the roof structure, a ventilation layer is formed between the roof base material and the heat insulating material or the structural material, or between the roofing material and the roof base material, and the emissivity of the surface facing this ventilation layer, Based on the relationship between the air flow rate of the ventilation layer, the thermal insulation power of the heat insulating material, the solar reflectance and the emissivity of the outer surface of the exterior material, and the heat transfer, it is possible to actively reduce the emissivity of the surface facing the ventilation layer. No technology has been developed that improves thermal insulation performance. Disclosure of the invention

 Conventionally, the heat insulation function of the outer wall and the ventilation layer of the roof has been ignored. For this reason, in order to improve heat insulation performance and energy saving performance, the specification and thickness of the heat insulation material are changed.

However, increasing the thickness of the heat insulating material is not sufficient for a single plate of heat insulating material, and multiple heat insulating plates will be placed on top of each other. There is a problem that leads to a large cost increase. For example, in order to improve the heat insulation performance, if a 140 mm thick insulation is placed, a 50 mm thick veneer + 50 mm thick veneer + 40 mm thick veneer is bonded 3 In addition to the time and effort required for construction, a lot of heat insulation materials are required. For example, in a steel house having an outer heat insulating structure, as described above, the ventilation layer is expected to have a dehumidifying effect due to the air circulation of the ventilation layer. Normally, the outside from the heat insulating material including the ventilation layer is treated as outside air. In contrast, in the present invention, in the present invention, this ventilation layer functions as a high thermal insulation / high thermal insulation layer against intrusion of outside air heat into the room in the summer, and this ventilation layer is moved outside the room heat in the winter. It is constructed by incorporating it as a design model so that it functions as an outflow suppression layer. The outer insulation structure like this By designing, it is possible to provide high heat insulation and heat insulation performance without changing the thickness of the heat insulation material, and if it is not necessary to change the heat insulation and heat insulation performance, make the heat insulation material thinner than before. In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention is configured as follows. According to the first invention, in the outer wall in which the outer wall exterior material is disposed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, the outer surface of the exterior material has a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity and a low emissivity. An outer wall structure characterized in that a film having an inner surface is provided with a minute space between the outer surface of the exterior material and a low emissivity film is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material. However,

The emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more. The second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, a film having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material with a minute space between the inner surface and the outer surface. To do.

 According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the outer wall in which the outer wall exterior material is disposed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, the outer surface of the exterior material is coated with a film having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity. It is characterized in that it is provided on the outer surface of the material, and a film having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material with a minute space between the inner surface and the outer surface. However, the emissivity is an emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation having a wavelength of 3 m or more. A fourth invention is characterized in that, in the first to third inventions, a skin film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on a surface facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer.

A fifth invention is characterized in that, in the fourth invention, the emissivity of the coating film on the surface facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less. A sixth invention is the first or second invention, wherein the solar reflectance of the coating on the outer surface of the exterior material is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less. And the emissivity of the coating on the inner surface of the exterior material is 0.3 or less.

 According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided a roof in which the roof covering material is installed via the ventilation layer on the upper side of the structural body or a roof having a ventilation layer between the waterproof material and the roof covering material on the upper side of the roof base material. On the outer surface, a film having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity and an inner surface with low emissivity is provided with a minute space between the outer surface of the roofing material and the inside of the roofing material. The surface is provided with a low emissivity film. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.

 The eighth invention is characterized in that, in the seventh invention, a film having an inner surface and an outer surface with a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the roof covering material with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. To do.

 According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a roof in which a roofing material is installed via a ventilation layer on the upper side of a structural driving body, or a roof having a ventilation layer between a waterproofing material and a roofing material installed on the upper side of a roof base material. On the outer surface, a coating having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity is provided on the outer surface of the roofing material, and on the inner surface of the roofing material, a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided. It is characterized by a small space between the two. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.

 A tenth aspect of the invention is that, in the seventh to ninth aspects, a film having a low emissivity or a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the roofing material through the ventilation layer. Features.

An 11th invention is the invention of the 10th invention, wherein the It is characterized in that the emissivity of the coating on the surface facing the rootstock is 0.3 or less.

 The 12th invention is the 7th or 8th invention, wherein the solar radiation reflectance of the outer surface of the roofing material is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less. The emissivity of the coating on the inner surface of the roofing material is 0.3 or less.

 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an outer wall in which an outer wall exterior material is installed through an outer ventilation layer of a structural frame, or a roof in which a roof frame is installed through an upper ventilation layer of the structural frame. A special feature is that a paint layer with high solar reflectance is provided on the outer surface of the brazing material, and a low-radiation sheet is attached to at least one of the two surfaces facing each air-permeable layer.

 The 14th invention provides a waterproof layer or a coating layer having a high solar reflectance on the outer surface of the roof covering material and facing a ventilation layer formed between the waterproof material installed on the roof base material and the roof covering material. It is characterized by a low radioactive sheet attached to at least one of the two surfaces of the roofing material.

 The 15th invention is the invention of the 13th or 14th invention, wherein a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the outer wall exterior material via the ventilation layer, or the ventilation layer is interposed. In addition, a film having a low emissivity or a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the roofing material.

The 16th invention is the radiation according to the 13th to 15th invention, wherein the solar panel has a solar reflectance of 0.5 or more and a wavelength corresponding to heat radiation of 3 m or more. The emissivity is 0.7 or more, and at least one of the low emissivity sheets attached to either or both of the surfaces facing the ventilation layer has an emissivity of 0.3 or less. . The 17th invention is characterized in that, in the 1st to 16th inventions, the ventilation layer is a ventilation layer having an opening for taking in outside air and an opening for discharging the taken outside air to the outside. To do.

 The 18th invention is the invention of the 1st to 17th invention, wherein the low radiation coating is any one of a metal foil sheet, a metal vapor deposition sheet, a sheet including a metal plate or a surface-treated metal plate, or a low radiation coating. It is characterized by being.

 A nineteenth invention is characterized in that, in the first to eighteenth inventions, the film having a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity is the surface of the exterior material itself or a coating film.

 The 20th invention is the invention according to the 1st to 19th inventions, wherein the structural drive body that is principal in terms of structural resistance is made of thin steel plate, wood, steel frame, reinforcing steel concrete, or a mixed structure thereof. It is characterized by that. The 21st invention is characterized in that, in the 1st to 20th invention, the thickness of the ventilation layer of the outer wall is 5 O mm or less, and the thickness of the ventilation layer of the roof is 100 mm or less. To do.

 According to the second aspect of the invention, in an exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall that is installed through a ventilation layer on the outer side of a structural body, an outer surface having high solar reflectance and a high emissivity is radiated on the outer surface. A film having an inner surface with a low rate is provided with a minute space between the outer surface and a film having a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 / m or more.

 A second invention is characterized in that, in the second invention, a film having an inner surface and an outer surface having a low emissivity is provided on the inner surface with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. .

According to a 24th aspect of the invention, in an exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall installed through a ventilation layer outside the structural body, the outer surface has an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity. A film is provided, and radiation is applied to the inner surface. A film having an inner surface and an outer surface with a low rate is provided with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.

 According to a 25th invention, in the 22nd to 24th inventions, the solar reflectance of the outer surface cortex is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less. In addition, the emissivity of the inner surface coating is 0.3 or less.

 26th invention is the exterior material for the outer wall installed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, or the roofing material installed through the upper ventilation layer of the structural body, on the outer surface. It is characterized by having a film with high solar reflectance and high emissivity, and a film with low emissivity on the inner surface. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.

 According to a 27th aspect, in the 26th aspect, the solar reflectance of the outer surface coating is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the emissivity of the inner surface coating is 0.7. It is 3 or less.

According to the present invention, the outer surface of a building exterior material has a highly reflective coating for heat radiation of a short wavelength component of wavelength 3 / m or less and heat radiation of a short wavelength component of wavelength 3 m or more. Double coating with low radiation, or heat radiation of short wavelength components with a wavelength of 3 m or more on the surface of at least one ventilation layer side of the building insulation and exterior wall exterior material By installing a low-radiation sheet with low radiation performance and low radiation performance, it is possible to configure the ventilation layer, which was previously expected only as a function of removing moisture, as a heat insulation and heat insulation layer. Without changing, it is possible to realize an outer wall or roof structure with higher thermal insulation and thermal insulation performance at a lower cost. Therefore, if it is not necessary to change the heat insulation and heat insulation performance, the heat insulating material can be thinned by applying the present invention, and the construction surface and material Economical in terms of cost. In addition, the outer surface of the outer wall is coated with high solar reflection performance for the short wavelength components of sunlight, and this results in a synergistic effect with the previous low-radiation sheet. Thermal performance can be imparted.

 These low-radiation sheets and reflective paints are not mass-produced on-site or on-site, but they are mass-produced by taking measures such as surface treatment when manufacturing building materials at the factory for exterior walls or roof panels. This makes it possible to further reduce the cost. As described above, according to the present invention, as a means for realizing the outer wall or roof structure of a building having high heat insulation performance, compared with the conventional case where the performance depends only on the thickness of the heat insulating material, the price of the building is low. In addition, it is possible to shorten the period. Brief Description of Drawings

 FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view showing a wall structure to which an exterior material is attached via a structural housing and a ventilation layer in a steel house of an outer heat insulation type.

 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.

 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of FIG.

 Fig. 4 is a front view of the outdoor side of Fig. 1.

 FIG. 5 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the same structure as FIG. 1 as a model for simulating the high thermal insulation / high thermal insulation performance of the present invention.

 FIG. 6 is a graph showing the summer external conditions when simulating high thermal insulation and high thermal insulation performance using the model of FIG.

 Fig. 7 is a graph showing the simulation result (summer part 1) under the first setting condition in the external conditions of Fig. 6.

 FIG. 8 is a graph showing a simulation result (summer part 2) under the second setting condition in the external conditions of FIG.

Figure 9 shows the simulation under the third setting condition in the external conditions of Figure 6. It is a graph which shows a station result (summer part 3).

 Figure 10 is a graph (summer part 4) showing the effect of roof insulation thickness, solar reflectance, aperture ratio, and emissivity on heat insulation.

 Fig. 11 is a graph showing the external winter conditions when simulating high thermal insulation and thermal insulation performance using the model shown in Fig. 5.

 Figure 12 is a draft showing the simulation results under the set conditions in Figure 11.

 Fig. 13 (a) is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a roof model.

 Figure 13 (b) is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a roof model.

 FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a wall of an inner heat insulating structure.

 FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of an exterior material in which a porous layer is formed on the outer surface.

 Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example of an exterior material in which a porous layer is formed on the inner surface.

 FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of an exterior material in which a porous layer is formed on both sides. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention can be applied to any of thin, lightweight steel structures represented by steel houses, or wooden structures, steel structures, reinforced concrete structures, or mixed structures of these structures. This will be explained with an example.

A steel house is a thin lightweight steel structure made of thin lightweight steel with a thickness of around 1 mm and a structural face material. Recently, it has been rapidly spreading due to its excellent seismic resistance, durability, and heat insulation, but the outer heat insulation structure is now a standard specification in pursuit of higher performance of the heat insulation performance. Attempts have been made to further improve this. In the present embodiment, a novel technical improvement that has not been attempted in the outer heat insulating structure has been made.

 1 to 4 are explained. FIG. 1 is a cutaway perspective view showing a wall structure in which an exterior material is attached via a structural housing and a ventilation layer in a steel house of an outer heat insulation method, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a front view of the outdoor side.

 In each figure, the frame of the structural frame is constructed by assembling the thin frame lightweight steel vertical frame 1, the lower frame 2 and the upper frame (not shown). Interior material (covering material) 3 such as gypsum board is fixed. This structural frame may be composed of thin lightweight steel or wood, steel frame, reinforced concrete, or a mixed structure thereof. This interior material 3 has a floor covering 3a for indoor side fireproof covering structure made of reinforced gypsum paste, and is joined to the other side flange la of the vertical frame 1 with fasteners 5 such as nails and drill screws as underlays. The indoor side fireproof covering material 3b made of reinforced gypsum board or the like is fixed on the indoor side surface of the indoor side fireproof covering structure face 3a.

 On one side flange 1 b of the vertical frame 1, a structural anti-surface material 4 made of structural plywood or fiber reinforced cement rods is joined by a fastener 5 such as a nail / drill screw. The structural wall surface 4 and the indoor side fireproof cover 3a and the thin lightweight steel steel frame 1 (and the upper and lower frames) are the main parts for structural resistance (hereinafter referred to as the structural frame). 6). Alternatively, the structural housing 6 may be configured without including the indoor side fireproof covering structural face material 3a.

Polystyrene foam on the outside (outdoor side) 4 A foamed plastic type heat insulating material 7 such as the above is disposed, and a ceramic siding exterior material 11 is installed outside the heat insulating material 7 via a ventilator edge 10. The ventilation trunk edge 10 is vertically arranged with a predetermined interval, and a ventilation layer 9 is formed between the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 via the ventilation trunk edge 10. The ventilation layer 9 may be configured as a ventilation layer having an opening for taking in outside air and an opening for discharging the taken outside air to the outside. When applied as an outer wall structure, the thickness of the ventilation layer 9 may be 50 mm or less, and when applied as a roof structure, the thickness of the ventilation layer 9 is 100 mm. You may make it be mm or less.

 The reason is that when the ventilation layer formed between the outer wall exterior material and the ventilation layer formed between the roofing material is targeted, there are not many thicker ventilation layers in reality. It is expected that this is the application limit of the calculation method used in the simulation (a relatively thin ventilation layer 9 and a condition where the ventilation rate is not so high).

 The dimensions of this ventilation layer 9 at the implementation level are about 20 mm in the wall and about 50 mm in the roof. Even if it is enlarged, the actual values are for the wall of 50 mm or less and the roof of 100 mm or less. However, it does not mean that it will not be effective unless it is less than this value.

By inserting a fastener 5 such as a nail or a drill screw through the ventilator edge 10 and driving it on one side flange 1b of the frame 1, the heat insulating material 7 and the ventilator edge 10 are fixed to the frame 1 It is stuck. Further, by placing a fastener 5 such as a nail / drill screw on the ventilation trunk edge 10 from the outer side of the ventilation trunk edge 10, the exterior material 11 is fixed to the ventilation trunk edge 10. The interval between the ventilator edges 10 is arbitrary, and is not limited to being arranged vertically, and may be arranged horizontally. Furthermore, low radiation sheets 8 and 8a are disposed on the surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 facing the air-permeable layers 9 respectively. Here, the low emissivity sheet refers to a sheet having an emissivity of 0.3 or less for thermal radiation of a long wavelength (3 m or more). As shown in the figure, these low-emission sheets 8 and 8a should be provided on both sides of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 1 from the viewpoint of high heat insulation and high heat insulation. And the exterior material 1 1 may be disposed only on one surface. In this case, the necessary high heat insulation and high performance can be achieved by a synergistic effect with the reflective paint (described later) applied to the outer surface of the exterior material 1 1. It is possible to ensure heat insulation. Further, the low-emissivity sheets 8 and 8a are those having a predetermined emissivity, and details thereof will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. In particular, the low radiation sheet 8a may be provided with moisture permeability. As used herein, moisture permeability refers to the degree of the property of passing water vapor (gas). In general, it is often embodied as a membrane that allows water vapor to pass but not water (liquid). A typical film having moisture permeability is embodied in, for example, Tyvek (registered trademark).

 By the way, the low radiation sheets 8 and 8a are composed of any one of a metal foil sheet, a metal vapor deposition sheet, a metal plate or a sheet having a surface-treated metal plate, or a low radiation coating. Also good. Air flows through the ventilation layer 9 in which the low radioactive sheets 8 and 8a are disposed. That is, the ventilation layer 9 has a moisture removal function by flowing through the ventilation layer 9 with one end (not shown) on the air inflow side and the other end on the air outflow side.

In the present invention, the name of the low-radiation sheet is used in a broad sense as a term indicating a typical example of forming a low-radiation layer on the surface of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior layer 11 on the side of the ventilation layer 9. And a paint-based low-emission sheet. In the case of a sheet system, a specific example of the low radioactive sheet 8, 8a and Examples include aluminum foil reflective sheets, stainless steel sheets, and aluminum vapor-deposited sheets in which a low radiation layer is laminated on one or both surfaces of the resin-based sheet body. In the case of a low-radiation sheet with a low-radiation layer laminated on the surface of one side of the resin-based sheet body, the low-radiation layer is on the side of the ventilation layer 9 in the case of the low-radiation sheet 1 on the exterior material 1 1 side. Install so that the low radiation layer is on the side facing the ventilation layer 9 even on the low radiation sheet 8 on the heat insulating material 7 side. When the low-radiation sheet is a paint system, the low-radiation paint is applied to the surface of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 on the side of the ventilation layer. These low-emission sheets 8, 8a and low-emission paints can be placed on the heat insulating material 7 and exterior material 11 in the field work. Workability is further improved by performing the work.

 In addition to installing the low-radiation sheets 8, 8a on one or both surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the outer packaging material 1 1 facing the ventilation layer 9, in the present invention, the outer surface of the outer packaging material 11 is also high. A solar reflective layer 15 such as a paint having solar reflectivity is formed, and a further high heat insulation and high heat shielding performance can be achieved by a synergistic effect with the low radiation sheet 8, 8a. In addition, the reflective paint forming the solar reflective layer 15 is defined as a reflective paint having a high reflection performance with respect to a short wavelength component (less than 3 m) of sunlight. It has a reflectivity of 5 or higher.

 Next, the assembly process for constructing the wall of the steel house will be described.

(1) The low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a are disposed on the surfaces of the heat insulating material 7 and the exterior material 11 1 by mechanical means so that the reflecting surface faces the ventilation layer 9.

 (2) Place the vertical frame 1 on the upper frame (not shown) and the lower frame 2 that are arranged in advance. In this case, temporarily fix the vertical frame 1 and the upper and lower frames with tape, tapping pin screws, caulking, etc., as necessary.

(3) Install the structural proof surface material 4. At this time, frame 1 is Make a vertical seam of the face plate 4 Also, the structural bearing face material 4, the vertical frame 1, and the upper and lower frames are joined and integrated with a screw nail or a fastener 5 such as a tapping screw.

 (4) The heat insulating material 7 is arranged on the outdoor side of the structural surface material 4 so that the low-radiation sheets 8, 8a face the ventilation layer 9. In this case, the heat insulating material 7 is placed on the outdoor side of the structural resistance-resistant face material 4 without a gap, and temporarily fixed with tape or the like.

 (5) Attach the ventilation trunk edge 10 for forming the ventilation layer 9. When the exterior material 11 is horizontally stretched, the ventilation trunk edge 10 is arranged in the vertical direction at a predetermined interval, and the vertical frame 1 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 are joined by fasteners 5 such as tapping screws. When the exterior material 1 1 is vertically stretched, the ventilation drum edge 10 is horizontally arranged at a predetermined interval, and the vertical frame 1 and the ventilation drum edge 10 are connected with fasteners 5 such as evening screws. Join.

 (6) Install steel jointer (Metsuki steel plate, etc.) 1 2. If there is an outer wall sealing joint 1 3, place a steel joint 1 1 2 in advance.

 (7) The exterior material 1 1 is arranged so that the low radioactive sheets 8, 8a face the ventilation layer 9. The mutual overlap allowance of the exterior materials 1 1 shall be about 9 mm. The width of the sealing joint 1 3 shall be about 10 mm.

 (8) At a position where the exterior material 11 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 intersect, the exterior material 11 and the ventilation trunk edge 10 are joined with a tapping screw. Sealing joints 13 are filled with joint materials made of urethane, acrylic urethane, polysulfide, silicone, etc. to complete the exterior insulation wall.

The Applicant has shown that the wall structure shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 is highly heat-insulating and Simulation for confirmation of thermal insulation performance This will be explained with reference to FIGS. 5 to 12. Fig. 5 is a schematic vertical sectional view showing a wall structure model similar to Fig. 1 for conducting a test for confirming high thermal insulation and high thermal insulation performance. Fig. 6 and Fig. 11 are the external conditions for simulation, and Fig. 7 to Fig. 10 and Fig. 12 are the roof and wall structures confirmed by the simulation under different conditions. It is a graph showing the high heat insulation and high heat insulation performance in numerical form.

In FIG. 5, as in FIG. 1, a structural housing 6 is constituted by the interior material 3 and the structural resistance-resistant face material 4, and the heat insulating material 7 is arranged outside the structural housing 6, and the outside is ventilated. An exterior material 11 is provided through the layer 9. In the figure, as a target parameter for controlling the heat insulation and heat insulation performance in the wall structure, the thickness of the heat insulating material 7 is indicated by TH, and similarly, the low on the side facing the ventilation layer 9 of the outer covering material 11 is also shown. Surface emissivity by radioactive sheet 8 (not shown in FIG. 5): E, by low radiation sheet 8a (not shown in FIG. 5) arranged facing the ventilation layer 9 side of heat insulating material 7 Surface emissivity: E ₂ , emissivity of outer surface by providing solar reflective layer 15 on exterior material 1 1: E _so , solar reflectance of outer surface of exterior material 1 1: p _s , ventilation layer 9 Upper and lower aperture ratios: 〇 A, respectively.

In the wall structure shown in Fig. 5, the convective heat transfer coefficient on the outer wall surface is Q! _C. Similarly, the emissivity of the outer wall surface was E _SQ , the chamber was TE _R (° C), and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the entire wall structure was r.

 In addition, in the following, the structure shown in FIG. 5 when the thickness (TH) of the heat insulating material 7 is 40 mm is a model of the present invention, and the low radiation sheets 8 and 8 a and the solar reflective layer 15 are formed in the above structure. The model that does not have the conventional model (reference) is used, and the reflectivity of the low-radiation sheet and the reduction rate of the heat flow through the wall (described later) are both displayed as a comparison with the conventional model (standard). It is.

Fig. 6 shows the optimization of solar and surface reflections in the model of the present invention shown in Fig. 5. As the external conditions for performing numerical prediction simulations that can be achieved, the outdoor temperature, solar radiation, and nighttime radiation (daily weather data for cooling design) in the summer in Tokyo are used for temperature, nighttime radiation, and solar radiation. It shows the temperature change of 24 hours per day.

 In Fig. 6 and Fig. 11 described later, H is roof (horizontal plane), N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW are north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, respectively. Shows the west and northwest outer walls.

 Under the external conditions shown in Fig. 6, the model of the present invention shown in Fig. 5 was incorporated into the conventional model, and the heat flow reduction rate when simulating the horizontal plane (roof) and the east, west, south, north, and north surfaces (walls) was simulated. A numerical prediction simulation (numerization of the heat shielding effect) was performed to optimize the surface radiation of the ventilation layer. In the present invention, the composite performance of the model composite shown in FIG. 5 was targeted to reduce the heat flow rate reduction rate from 20% to 60%, and this was numerically confirmed. In other words, as a means to achieve the goal of reducing the heat flow rate based on the heat flow rate of the composite composed of the conventional model, the solar reflectance on the outer surface of the exterior material 11 is increased and the ventilation layer 9 is applied. Assuming that a low-radiation sheet is attached to the surface of the facing exterior material 1 1 and insulation 7, what are the values of the solar reflectance and the low-emissivity sheet for the conventional model? For example, it was simulated whether the heat flow rate could be reduced by 20% to 60%. As a result, the solar reflectance of the outer surface of the exterior material 1 1 is 0.8, and the emissivity of the low-emissivity sheet is 0.2 or less or 0.3 or less (in this case, the synergistic effect with the reflective layer on the outer surface of the outer wall) It was confirmed that the heat flow rate could be reduced by 20% to 60% by combining the numerical values of). '

Fig. 7 shows the first part of summer as the test site in Tokyo, the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a are used for the exterior material 11 and the heat insulation material 7, the heat insulation material thickness is 40 mm, and the solar reflectance. When the flow is increased to 0.8 It is a graph which shows the reduction rate of heat input. The thickness of the ventilation layer is 20 min for the wall, 50 mm for the roof, and the roof slope is 30 ° southward. These points are common to Figs. 8 to 10 and Fig. 12. Also, in Figs. 7 to 9 and Fig. 12, only the parameters surrounded by the mouth are changed from the reference case values in the above table to the changed case values.

H indicates the roof (horizontal plane), N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, and NW indicate the outer walls of the north, northeast, east, southeast, south, southwest, west, and northwest, respectively. In the graph of the figure, the dotted curve of p _s , E,, E ₂ shows a maximum effect of about 6 5 due to the synergistic effect of the reflectance of the outer surface of the exterior material 11 and the emissivity of the ventilation layer. It was confirmed that it could be reduced by%. In addition, the curve for E ₂ shows that the heat flow reduction rate can be stably reduced by about 20% if the emissivity of the ventilation layer is reduced to about 0.2. On the other hand, it was also confirmed that when the emissivity E _SQ of the outer surface of the exterior material 11 was reduced, the heat flow rate increased by about 20 to 30%.

Figure 8 shows the second part of the summer season, where the Tokyo region is the test site, the above-mentioned low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a are used for the exterior material 11 and the insulation material 7, the insulation material thickness is 60 mm, and the solar reflectance 6 is a graph showing the reduction rate of the inflow heat amount when the value is increased to 0.8. In the graph in the figure, the dotted curve of p _s , E,, E ₂ shows that the heat flow reduction rate can be reduced by about 63% at maximum by the synergistic effect of the reflectance of the outer surface and the emissivity of the ventilation layer. confirmed. In addition, the curves E and E ₂ show that when the emissivity of the ventilation layer is reduced to about 0, 2, the heat flow reduction rate can be stably reduced by about 20%. Further, on the contrary, result reduce the emissivity E _SD of the outer surface of the outer package 1 1, the heat transmission amount is increased about 2 0-3 0%, it was the same as FIG.

Figure 9 shows the third part of the summer season, where the Tokyo region was used as the test site, and the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a were used for the exterior material 1 1 and the heat insulation material 7. This graph shows the rate of reduction of the inflow heat amount when H is added to the parame- ter and the solar reflectance is increased to 0.5. In Figs. 7 and 8, the solar reflectance was increased to 0.8, but in Fig. 9, the effect of increasing it to 0.5 which can be achieved relatively easily is shown. Even if the solar radiation reflectance p _s , surface emissivity, and E ₂ are individually changed, the heat flow rate decreases when the thermal insulation material thickness TH is changed from 40 mm to 60 mm. Not effective. However, in the roof, obtained emissivity of the double-sided ventilation layer, by varying the E _2, the effect of reducing the inflow amount of heat about the same 2 about 5% and vary the heat-insulating material thickness TH from 4 0 mm to 6 0 mm Be The most effective is when both the solar reflectance p _s and the surface emissivity E e, E ₂ are changed. The insulation thickness TH is about 40, which is larger than changing from 40 mm to 60 mm. % Effect is obtained, and about 25% to 30% effect is obtained on the outer wall.

Figure 10 shows that the summer season is part 4 and the parameters are changed for the roof, with the opening ratio (OA) of the ventilated layer added to the above conditions and the reference case as 100. The ratio of the inflow heat quantity when it is made to show is shown. In Fig. 10, case 1 is the reference case, that is, TH (heat insulation thickness): 40 mm, p _s (solar reflectance): 0.3, E,, E ₂ (emissivity) : 0.9, OA (opening ratio at the top and bottom of the ventilation layer): Narrow, and Case 2 shows that when only the reference case TH is changed to 60 mm, Case 3 If p _{s is changed} to 0.5 and OA is changed to 2.5 times the reference case, Case 4 will be changed to 0.2 for the reference case and OA to 2.5 times the reference case. If you, case 5, a p _s of the base case to 0. 5, E ₁ to 0.2, and if you change the OA to 2.5 times the base case, case 6, the base case p _s the 0.5, and E ₂ to 0.2, and shows the case of changing the OA to 2.5 times the base case, respectively. Ventilation In case 6, which also takes into account changes in solar reflectance p _s , surface emissivity, and E ₂ , the inflow heat quantity should be reduced by up to 50% in the same way. Can do.

 Returning to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, the effect only when the aperture ratio is increased from the narrow standard to 2.5 times that of the standard is as follows. The maximum is 10%, which varies depending on the direction. For this reason, it is effective to use the ventilation effect of the ventilation layer, especially on the roof. For this purpose, it is better to make the ventilation layer's air supply / exhaust port as good as possible by reducing the ventilation resistance as much as possible. .

 From the above, the following can be said. On summer days, the incoming heat is reflected or absorbed by the solar reflective layer 1 5 of the exterior material 1 1. Still, heat from infrared rays (infrared rays) is radiated from the surface of the ventilation layer 9 through the exterior material 1 1, so this heat is low attached to the surface of the exterior material 1 1 on the side of the ventilation layer 9. Block with radioactive sheet 8. Furthermore, the heat radiated to the ventilation layer 9 through the low radiation sheet 8 is blocked by the low radiation sheet 8 a on the heat insulating material 7 side. In this way, with a three-stage heat insulation structure, the heat transfer rate of the wall structure composed of, for example, the heat insulating material installed on the outside of the structural frame to the exterior material is about 70% to about It was confirmed that it could be reduced by 20%. In addition, when it is not necessary to change the heat insulation / heat insulation performance, the heat insulating material 7 can be thinned by applying the present invention, which is economical in terms of construction and material costs.

 Figure 11 shows the external conditions for the numerical prediction simulation that optimizes solar and surface reflections using the model of the present invention shown in Figure 5. The amount of temperature (meteorological data for one day for heating design) shows the temperature change of air temperature, nighttime radiation amount, and solar radiation amount for 24 hours a day.

Fig. 1 The model of the present invention in Fig. 5 under the clear cold winter external conditions A numerical prediction simulation that can be incorporated into the conventional model to reduce the heat flow reduction rate when the horizontal plane (roof) and east / west / south / north plane (wall) are used, and to optimize solar reflection and surface radiation of the ventilation layer. (The numerical value of the heat shielding effect) was performed.

Fig. 1 2 shows that during the winter season, the Tokyo area was used as a test site, the low-radiation sheets 8, 8 a were used for the exterior material 1 1 and the heat insulation material 7, and the insulation thickness TH was a parameter. It is the graph which showed the through-flow reduction rate. In the graph in the figure, increasing the solar reflectance | 0 _s as a measure to reduce the heat flow through by solar radiation reduces the acquisition of solar heat in the winter, so heat loss increases slightly. However, this increase in heat loss can be prevented by changing the surface emissivity of one side in addition to the solar reflectance p _s . Furthermore, if the solar reflectance p _s and the surface emissivities E t, E _{2 on} both sides are also changed, not only compensates for the negative increase in the solar reflectance p _s, but also increases the insulation thickness TH from 40 mm. The heat loss can be reduced by about 10%, just as it is increased to 50 mm.

 From the above, the following can be said. In winter, heat loss increases by reflecting the heat input from solar radiation by the solar reflective layer 15 of the exterior material 1 1, but the low-radiation sheet 8 attached to the surface of the ventilation layer 9 side Since the heat that travels outdoors is cut off, the heat loss can be reduced, and if the heat loss is equal, making the insulation thinner makes it economical in terms of construction and material costs. Is. That is, the low radiation sheet 8 can reduce the heat flow rate from the outdoor to the indoors or from the indoors to the outdoor, regardless of summer or winter.

FIG. 13 (a) and FIG. 13 (b) show an example in which the present invention is applied to a roof having two outer heat insulating structures as another embodiment. In Fig. 1 3 (a), a structure frame is constructed by attaching a face plate 1 7 such as plywood to a frame 1 6 made of thin lightweight steel, and a base plate 1 through a base rafter 1 8 on the face plate 1 7 9 Is installed. A heat insulating material 7 is installed in the gap between the face plate 1 7 and the base plate 19. In Fig. 13 (b), a roof base material 20 that also serves as a base plate is provided, and these configurations are common to Figs. 13 (a) and 13 (b). Further, in FIG. 13 (a), a roof base material 2 1 is provided on the base plate 19 via a ventilator edge 10, and a waterproof material (not shown) is placed on the roof base material 2 1. A roof covering material 2 2 is provided therethrough. A ventilation layer 9 is formed between the base plate 1 9 and the roof base material 2 1.

 In FIG. 1 3 (b), a waterproof material 2 3 is stuck on the roof base material 20, and the waterproof material 2 3 is held by the flow beam 2 4. A roof tile 25 is provided perpendicular to the flow rail 2 3, and a roof roof material 2 2 is provided above the roof base material 20 via the roof tile 25. In addition, a ventilation layer 9 is formed between the roof ridge material 2 2 and the roof base material 2 0 via the tile beam 2 5 and the flow beam 2 3.

 In the roof of the external insulation system shown in Fig. 1 3 (a), a coating layer with high solar reflectance 15 is provided on the outer surface of the roof covering material 2 2 as necessary, and a ground plate facing the ventilation layer 9 1 9 And low-radioactive sheets 8 and 8a are attached to at least one of the two surfaces of the roof base material 21. The figure shows an example with a low-emission sheet attached to two surfaces. In the roof of the external insulation system shown in Fig. 1 3 (b), a paint layer with high solar reflectance 15 is provided on the outer surface of the roofing material 2 2 as necessary, and installed on the upper side of the roof base material 20 The low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a are attached to at least one of the two surfaces of the waterproof material 2 3 or the roof material 20 facing the ventilation layer 9 formed between the waterproof material 2 3 and the roof material 2 2. The figure shows an example in which a low radioactive sheet is attached to two surfaces.

As shown in Fig. 13 (a) and Fig. 13 (b), the low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a of the present invention and the solar reflective layer 15 are connected to the ventilation layer 9 and Installed on the outer surface of the roof covering 2 2 Therefore, radiant heat transfer into the building and solar heat acquisition can be significantly reduced. FIG. 14 shows, as still another embodiment, an example in which the present invention is applied to a wall of a filled heat insulating structure. The case where the space between the pillars is filled with a heat insulating material is called filling insulation heat. Explaining with Fig. 4, the foundation 2 9 is installed on the fabric foundation 2 6 via the mortar 2 7 and the rubber sheet 2 8, and the pillar 3 0 is erected from the foundation 2 9 and the wall 3 1 is formed between the pillars. Is done. The left side of the wall 3 1 is the outdoor side, the right side is the indoor side, and a heat insulating material (not shown) is stretched on the right side of the wall 3 1 to form a housing with a filled heat insulating structure. The exterior material 1 1 is attached to the left side of the wall 3 1 (that is, the outside of the room) via the lateral trunk edge 3 2 and fixed with the nail 3 3. The ventilation layer 9 is provided between the exterior material 1 1 and the wall 3 1. Is formed. The lower lateral trunk edge 3 2 is provided with a vent drainer 3 4 In the outer wall of the filling insulation system in Fig. 1 4, a paint layer with high solar reflectance 15 is applied to the outer surface of the exterior material 1 1 as required. At the same time, low radiation sheets 8 and 8a are attached to at least one of the surface of the outer wall material 11 facing the ventilation layer 9 and the surface of the wall 31. The figure shows an example in which a low radioactive sheet is attached to two surfaces.

 As shown in Fig. 4, low heat radiation sheets 8 and 8a are installed in the ventilation layer, and the solar reflective layer 15 is installed on the outer surface of the exterior material. Can be significantly reduced.

 In the present invention, the exterior material 11 may be replaced with the exterior material 4 1 described below.

FIG. 15 shows a cross section of the exterior material 41. The outer surface 5 1 of the exterior material 4 1 has an outer surface 5 2 having a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation having a wavelength of 3 m or more) and an inner surface 5 3 having a low emissivity. A coating 5 4 is coated. This coating 5 4 is coated with a minute space 5 6 between the outer surface 5 1 of the exterior material 4 1. Yes. Hereinafter, a layer constituted by the minute spaces 5 6 is referred to as a porous layer 5 7.

 The coating 54 reflects the heat of the short wavelength component caused by solar radiation through the outer surface 52 and radiates the heat of the long wavelength component caused by the outside air temperature. Further, the inner surface 53 having a low emissivity in the coating 54 can exhibit high heat shielding performance together with the porous layer 5 7 in contact therewith.

 Furthermore, if a coating film having a low emissivity is provided on the surface 59 of the exterior material 41 on the side facing the ventilation layer, the performance is remarkably improved.

 FIG. 16 shows the configuration of the exterior member 41 in which the porous layer 5 7 is formed on the inner surface 59 facing the ventilation layer. In the configuration of the exterior member 41 shown in FIG. 16, the same components and members as those in FIG. 15 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted here.

 The outer surface 5 1 of the exterior material 4 1 is covered with a film 6 4. This film 64 has an outer surface 52 with high solar reflectance and high emissivity (emissivity corresponding to heat radiation of a wavelength of 3 m or more). In addition, a film 69 is formed on the inner surface 59 of the exterior material 41. This coating 6 9 is a space formed in the vicinity of the outer surface 5 9 of the exterior material 4 1.

It is covered via a porous layer 5 7 having 5 6. The coating 69 has both an inner surface 6 2 and an outer surface 6 3 having a low emissivity. FIG. 17 shows the configuration of the exterior material 4 1 in which the porous layer 5 7 is formed on both sides. In the configuration of the exterior member 41 shown in FIG. 17, the same components and members as those in FIGS. 15 and 16 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted here. The outer surface 5 1 of the exterior material 4 1 is coated with a film 5 4, and the inner surface 5 9 is coated with a film.

6 9 is covered.

Here, for example, the exterior material shown in Fig. 1 5 1 The film coated on the surface 5 4 The solar reflectance of the outer surface 5 2 (short wavelength 3 zm or less) is 0.5 or more, the surface emissivity (long wavelength 3 m or more) is 0.7 or more, and the surface emissivity of the inner surface 53 (long wavelength 3 m) The above is assumed to be 0.3 or less.

 The heat shielding effect of the film 5 4 and the porous layer 5 7 shown in FIG. 15 was estimated using the model described in FIG. Table 1 shows the parameters and the standard thermal resistance values.

 〔table 1〕

 Total (reference thermal resistance value) 1.978 (W / m¾) Next, the result of calculating the ratio of the thermal insulation effect according to the depth and area of the concavo-convex part constituting the porous layer 5 7 will be described. The ratio of the heat insulating effect can be calculated based on the following calculation according to the depth of the porous layer 57 on the inner and outer surfaces.

 (1) When the average depth force of the uneven part is ^ mm and the ratio of the adhesive part area to the exterior material surface area is 30%

 Thermal resistance of 3mm air layer = 0.1083 (Air layer is sealed. Emissivity of film is 0.2, value calculated as exterior material emissivity of 0.9. The same applies below) Additional heat resistance = .1083 X 0.7 = 0.0758 (30% The same is true for the following) Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.0758 X 100 / 1.978 = 4 (¾)

 (2) When the average depth of the irregularities is 5MI and the ratio of the bonded area to the exterior material surface area is 30%

5mm air layer thermal resistance = 0.169, additional thermal resistance = 0.169x0.7 = 0.118 Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.118 X 100 / 1.978 = 6 (%)

(3) When the average depth of the uneven part is 7mm and the ratio of the area of the bonded part to the surface area of the exterior material is 30%

 Thermal resistance of 5mm air layer = 0.1, additional thermal resistance = 0.222 X 0.7 = 0.155 increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.155 X 100 / 1.978 = 8 (%)

 (4) When the average depth of the irregularities is 9 mm and the ratio of the area of the adhesive to the exterior material surface area is 30%

 Thermal resistance of 5mm air layer = 0.269, additional thermal resistance = 0.269 X 0.7 = 0. 1883 Increase rate of thermal insulation effect = 0.1883 X 100 / 1.978 = 10 (%)

 Thus, by covering the surface of the exterior material 41 with a film having a plurality of performances, it is possible to improve the effect of placing a low radiation sheet on one side facing the ventilation layer by about 10%. Become.

 As shown in Fig. 17, the thermal resistance can be further improved when the films 54, 69 are formed on both sides. For example, when the depth of the uneven portion of the porous layer 5 7 on the outer surface 51 is 5 mm and the depth of the uneven portion on the inner surface 59 is 9 mm, the coatings 5 4 and 6 9 are respectively coated. In this case, it is possible to improve the heat insulation to about 16%. That is, in the case where the porous layer 57 is formed on both the inner surface and the outer surface, the heat insulating effect can be expressed by the sum as the calculated value.

 Incidentally, the configuration of the exterior material 41 described above may be applied as it is as a roof structure. Further, the exterior material 41 may be applied not only to the outer wall to which the present invention is applied but also to any outer wall. Industrial applicability

According to the outer wall or roof structure of the present invention, conventionally, as a thermal model, By installing low-radiation sheets 8 and 8a in the ventilation layer 9 that has been ignored and is expected to function exclusively as moisture removal, heat insulation and heat insulation are made cheaper than by thickening the insulation 7 The performance could be improved. Furthermore, if a solar reflection layer 15 such as a coating with high solar reflection performance is applied to the outer surface of the exterior material 1 1 or roofing material 2 2, it will be able to It was possible to impart higher thermal insulation performance.

 By applying the technology of the present invention, such as a low radioactive sheet, high heat insulation and heat insulation performance can be imparted without changing the thickness of the heat insulating material. If it is not necessary to change the heat insulation and heat insulation performance, the heat insulation material can be made thinner by applying this technology, and it is less expensive than the conventional case where the performance depends only on the thickness of the heat insulation material. And short-term construction is feasible. These sheets, coating materials, etc., can be further reduced in cost if mass production is performed by applying surface treatment and other measures in advance when building materials are manufactured without on-site or on-site coating.

 In addition, it is included in the scope of the present invention to appropriately change the design of the configuration shown in this embodiment.

Claims

The scope of the claims 1. On the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed through the outer ventilation layer of the structural body, the outer surface of the exterior material has an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity and an inner surface with low emissivity. The outer wall structure is characterized in that a small space is provided between the outer surface of the exterior material and a low emissivity film is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material. However, the emissivity is The emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation of wavelength 3 D1 or more.  2. The outer wall structure according to claim 1, wherein a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface.  3. In the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed through the ventilation layer outside the structural body, the outer surface of the exterior material is coated with a film having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity on the outer surface of the exterior material. The outer wall structure is characterized in that a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the exterior material with a minute space between the inner surface and the outer surface. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 / im or more.  4. The outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on a surface facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer.  5. The outer wall structure according to claim 4, wherein the emissivity of the coating on the surface facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less. 6. The solar reflectance of the coating on the outer surface of the exterior material is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and the coating of the inner surface of the exterior material The outer wall structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the emissivity is 0.3 or less. 7. In roofs with roof coverings installed through the upper ventilation layer of the structural structure, or roofs with ventilation layers between the waterproofing and roof coverings on the roof base material, on the outer surface of the roof covering A coating with an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity and an inner surface with low emissivity is provided with a minute space between the outer surface of the roofing material and radiation is applied to the inner surface of the roofing material. A roof structure characterized by a low rate coating. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more. 8. The roof structure according to claim 7, wherein a skin film having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface of the roof covering material with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface.  9. In roofs with roof coverings installed through the ventilation layer on the upper side of the structural body, or roofs with ventilation layers between the waterproofing and roof coverings on the top of the roof substrate, on the outer surface of the roof covering A film having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity is provided on the outer surface of the roofing material, and a film having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity are provided between the inner surface of the roofing material and the inner surface. A roof structure characterized by a small space. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.  10. A film having a low emissivity or a film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the roofing material through the ventilation layer. Roof structure as described in item 11. The roof structure according to claim 10, wherein the emissivity of the coating on the surface facing the roofing material through the ventilation layer is 0.3 or less. 1 2. The solar reflectance of the outer surface of the roofing material is 0.5 or more, the outer surface Claim 7 or 8, wherein the emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and the emissivity of the coating on the inner surface of the roofing material is 0.3 or less. Roof structure.  1 3. On the outer wall where the outer wall exterior material is installed via the outer ventilation layer of the structural frame, or the roof where the roof frame is installed via the upper ventilation layer of the structural frame, the outer surface of the outer wall exterior material or roof frame material An outer wall or roof structure characterized by a paint layer with high solar reflectance and a low-radiation sheet attached to at least one of the two surfaces facing each ventilation layer.  1 4. 2 surface commercials of waterproofing material or roofing material facing the ventilation layer formed between the waterproofing material installed on the roof base material and the roofing material, as well as providing a coating layer with high solar reflectance on the outer surface of the roofing material A roof structure characterized by low-radiation sheets attached to at least one of these.  15 5. A film having a low emissivity and moisture permeability is provided on the surface facing the outer wall exterior material through the ventilation layer, or a film or radiation having a low emissivity on the surface facing the roofing material through the ventilation layer. The outer wall or roof structure according to claim 13 or 14, wherein a coating having a low rate and moisture permeability is provided.  1 6. The solar radiation reflectance of the outer wall exterior material or the coating layer provided on the outer surface of the roof is 0.5 or more, and the radiation rate corresponding to thermal radiation of wavelength 3 or more is 0. The emissivity of at least one of the low-emissivity sheets attached to either or both of the surfaces facing the air-permeable layer is 7 or more. The outer wall or roof structure according to any one of 1 to 5. 17. The ventilation layer according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the ventilation layer is a ventilation layer having an opening for taking in outside air and an opening for discharging the taken outside air to the outside. Exterior wall structure or roof structure Made.  18. The low-radiation film is any one of a metal foil sheet, a metal vapor-deposited sheet, a metal plate or a sheet containing a surface-treated metal plate, or a low-radiation paint. The outer wall structure or roof structure according to any one of the preceding items.  19. The outer wall structure or the outer wall structure according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the film having a high solar reflectance and a high emissivity is the surface of the exterior material itself or a coating film. Roof structure.  20. The main structural drive body in terms of structural resistance is made of thin lightweight steel or wood, steel, reinforced concrete, or a mixed structure thereof. The outer wall structure or roof structure according to item 1.  2 1. The thickness of the ventilation layer of the outer wall is 50 mm or less, and the thickness of the ventilation layer of the roof is 100 mm or less. The outer wall or roof structure as described.  2 2. In exterior materials or roofing materials for outer walls that are installed through the ventilation layer outside the structural body,  A coating having an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity and an inner surface with low emissivity is provided on the outer surface with a small space between the outer surface and the inner surface. Exterior material or roofing material for outer walls, characterized by providing a low film. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.  2 3. The outer wall exterior according to claim 22 characterized in that a coating having an inner surface and an outer surface with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. Wood or roofing material. 2 4. In exterior materials or roofing materials for external walls installed through the ventilation layer outside the structural body, A coating with an outer surface with high solar reflectance and high emissivity is provided on the outer surface, and a coating with inner and outer surfaces with low emissivity is provided on the inner surface with a minute space between the inner surface and the inner surface. An exterior wall or roof covering material characterized by being provided. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.  2 5. The solar reflectance of the outer surface film is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, the inner surface emissivity is 0.5 or less, and the emissivity of the inner surface film is 0.3 or less. The exterior material or roof covering material for an outer wall according to any one of claims 22 to 24.  2 6. In the exterior material for the outer wall installed via the outer ventilation layer of the structural fuselage, or the roofing material installed via the upper ventilation layer of the structural fuselage, the solar reflectance on the outer surface A high-emissivity and high-emissivity coating and a low-emissivity coating on the inner surface are provided for exterior walls or roofing materials. However, the emissivity is the emissivity corresponding to thermal radiation with a wavelength of 3 m or more.  2 7. The solar reflectance of the outer surface film is 0.5 or more, the outer surface emissivity is 0.7 or more, and the emissivity of the inner surface film is 0.3 or less. 2 Exterior material or roofing material for outer wall according to 6